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高考化学方程式选择题篇一
1、氧化性:
f2+h2===2hf(阴暗处爆炸)
f2+xe(过量)==xef2
2f2(过量)+xe==xef4(xef4是强氧化剂,能将mn2+氧化为mno4–)
nf2+2m===2mfn(m表示大部分金属)
2f2+2h2o===4hf+o2(水是还原剂)
2f2+2naoh===2naf+of2+h2o
f2+2nacl===2naf+cl2
f2+2nabr===2naf+br2
f2+2nai===2naf+i2
7f2(过量)+i2===2if7
f2+cl2(等体积)===2clf(clf属于类卤素:clf+h2o==hf+hclo)
3f2(过量)+cl2===2clf3(clf3+3h2o==3hf+hclo3)
cl2+h22hcl(将h2在cl2点燃;混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸)
3cl2+2p2pcl3cl2+pcl3pcl5cl2+2na2nacl
3cl2+2fe2fecl3cl2+cucucl2
cl2+2fecl2===2fecl3(在水溶液中:cl2+2fe2+===2fe3++3cl)
cl2+2nabr===2nacl+br2cl2+2br=2cl+br2
cl2+2ki===2kcl+i2cl2+2i=2cl+i2
3cl2(过量)+2ki+3h2o===6hcl+kio3
3cl2+i–+3h2o=6h++6cl–+io3–
5cl2+i2+6h2o===2hio3+10hcl
5cl2+i2+6h2o=10cl–+io3–+12h+
cl2+na2s===2nacl+s↓cl2+s2–=2cl–+s↓
cl2+h2s===2hcl+s↓(水溶液中:cl2+h2s=2h++2cl–+s↓
cl2+so2+2h2o===h2so4+2hcl
cl2+so2+2h2o=4h++so42–+2cl–
cl2+h2o2===2hcl+o2cl2+h2o2=2h++cl–+o2
2o2+3fefe3o4o2+k===ko2
s+h2h2s2s+ccs2s+znzns
s+fefes(既能由单质制取,又能由离子制取)
s+2cucu2s(只能由单质制取,不能由离子制取)
3s+2alal2s3(只能由单质制取,不能由离子制取)
n2+3h22nh3n2+3mgmg3n2n2+3caca3n2
n2+3baba3n2n2+6na2na3nn2+6k2k3n
n2+6rb2rb3nn2+2al2aln
p4+6h24ph3p+3nana3p2p+3znzn3p2
h2+2li2lih
2、还原性
s+o2so2
s+h2so4(浓)3so2↑+2h2o
s+6hno3(浓)h2so4+6no2↑+2h2o
s+4h++6==6no2↑+2h2o+
3s+4hno3(稀)3so2+4no↑+2h2o
3s+4h++43so2+4no↑+2h2o
n2+o22no
4p+5o2p4o10(常写成p2o5)
2p+3x22px3(x表示f2,cl2,br2)
px3+x2px5
p4+20hno3(浓)4h3po4+20no2↑+4h2o
c+2f2cf4
c+2cl2ccl4
c+o2(足量)co2
2c+o2(少量)2co
c+co22co
c+h2oco+h2(生成水煤气)
2c+sio2si+2co(制得粗硅)
si(粗)+2cl2sicl4
(sicl4+2h2===si(纯)+4hcl)
si(粉)+o2sio2
si+csic(金刚砂)
si+2naoh+h2o==na2sio3+2h2↑(si+2oh+h2o=+2h2↑)
3、歧化反应
cl2+h2o==hcl+hclo(加碱或光照促进歧化:(cl2+h2oh++cl–+hclo)
cl2+2naoh==nacl+naclo+h2o(cl2+2oh–=cl–+clo–+h2o)
cl2+2ca(oh)2==cacl2+ca(clo)2+2h2o(cl2+2oh–=cl–+clo–+h2o)
3cl2+6koh(浓)5kcl+kclo3+3h2o(3cl2+6oh–5cl–+clo3–+3h2o)
3s+6naoh2na2s+na2so3+3h2o(3s+6oh–2s2–+so32–+3h2o)
4p+3koh(浓)+3h2o==ph3↑+3kh2po2(4p+3oh–+3h2o==ph3↑+3h2po2–)
11p+15cuso4+24h2o==5cu3p+6h3po4+15h2so4
3c+caocac2+co↑
3c+sio2sic+2co↑