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四年级数学说课稿下册篇一
结合具体情境，经历由具体到抽象认识用字母表示数的过程。
能用字母或含有字母的式子表示数，知道数和字母相乘的简单写法。
学体会到许多实际问题都可以用含有字母的式子表示，培养符号意识和数学建模思想。
教学重点：用含有字母的式子表示简单的数量和数量关系，用字母表示数的必要性和优越性。
教学难点：含有字母的式子所表示的意义。
接下来是我的教学过程。
教学过程：
我所设计的教学过程分为四大块：
1.情景导入，从生活中取材
2.创设情境，探究新知
3.巩固练习，能力提升
首先，我们来看第一个环节：情境导入，从生活中取材。
“老师这里有几张图片，你们猜猜这是哪里？”这时大屏幕会出示fc，m，cctv这三个带有字母的地方的图片。学生会非常快速的回答出这些地方的名称。
“你们怎么这么快就说出了这些地点的名称？”学生在生活中积累的知识告诉他们。看到这些特定的标志——字母的组合。就会认出这些地方。
“是啊，生活中这些特定的字母代表着特定的地方。其实字母在我们的数学课堂中同样扮演着很重要的角色，现在就让我们一起走入有关字母的数学课堂，好吗？”
[设计意图：本环节从学生熟悉的生活中取材，在一开始就让学生进入本节课的主题词“字母”的情境中，同时最后又从生活中回到数学课堂，拉近了课堂与学生的距离。]
接下来，是本节课的第二个环节：体会用字母表示数的优点，理解含有字母的式子所表示的意义。
“今天老师带来了两个新的小朋友——丫丫和妞妞，仔细阅读她们的对话内容，你能解答妞妞提出的问题吗？”对于这个问题学生会轻而易举的回答出4岁，“你是如何列式求出这时丫丫年龄的？”顺着这个问题老师和学生开始一问一答的形式，黑板上会板书：
板书：
妞妞（岁） 丫丫（岁）
1 1+3
2 2+3
3 3+3
┆ ┆
8 8+3
┆ ┆
18 18+3
┆ ┆
“照这样列举下去，还要写多少？”学生一定会认识到还要写很多很多，“那我们能不能用一种简明、概括的方式表示出妞妞和丫丫的年龄呢？请大家先讨论讨论，然后再试着写一写。”
这个问题是本节课一个关键性的问题。
在学生讨论并试着写出表达方式后，我会有意挑选几份具有代表性的表达方式。
例如：
（1）妞妞（岁） 丫丫（岁） （2）妞妞（岁） 丫丫（岁）
（20） （20+3） （年龄） （年龄+3） 或（ ） （妞妞的年龄+3）
（3）妞妞(岁) 丫丫（岁） （4）妞妞（岁） 丫丫（岁）
（） (+3) (a) （a+3）
这四种表示方式我会逐一出示，因为这些表示方式实际上是有层次性的，出示一种我会让学生分析一种，层层推进，最后让学生意识到第四种方式既简明又概括。“今天我们就用a表示妞妞的年龄，a+3表示丫丫的年龄。”
“a表示妞妞年龄时，可以是哪些数呢？”学生可能会说可以是1、2、3等等很多很多，因为大部分学生在这里可能没有将a的取值与实际情况相联系，“a=200可以吗？”相信这时有部分学生一定会意识到现在人还不能活到200岁，“据了解，人的最长寿命也就是100多岁，所以这里的字母a能表示的数是有范围的。”
“a+3除了可以表示丫丫的年龄，还能表示什么？”有了前面自主书写表示方式的和后边分析的过程，学生应当能看出a+3可以表示丫丫比妞妞大三岁。“也就是说，a+3还表示丫丫和妞妞年龄上的关系。”
接下来是代入求值的过程，也就是从一般回到特殊的过程。
“现在根据丫丫和妞妞年龄的关系，只要知道妞妞的年龄，就能算出谁的年龄？”
这时出示蓝灵鼠的问题：妞妞23岁时，丫丫多少岁呢？
当a=23时，a+3=23+3=26（板书）
“经过刚才的研究，我们发现用字母不仅能表示数，而且含有字母的式子还能表示数量之间的关系。这就是今天我们研究的内容：用字母表示数。（板书）”
至此，本节课的重点环节讲授完毕。
[设计意图：本环节让学生经历了从特殊——一般——特殊的过程，采取一种比较开放式的问题导向，让学生经历自主研究问题的解决方式，并通过对比，归纳等方法让学生充分明白用字母表示数的意义和优越性。]
下面是本节课的第三个环节，加深理解用字母表示数的必要性和优越性，掌握含有字母的乘法运算的简写方式。
先出示一个铅笔盒及其单价，再出示3个铅笔盒，“列式表示出这3个铅笔盒的总价钱。”学生可能会列式9×3或3×9。接着出示5个铅笔盒，15个铅笔盒，让学生列式表示出铅笔盒的总价钱。这时出示密密麻麻的一堆铅笔盒，，“买这么多铅笔盒需要多少元？”如何列式？学生自然会用含有字母的式子列式。“你知道买x个铅笔盒需要（ ）元吗？”，“9×x或x×9”“ 这里的x可以表示哪些数？”
对于这个问题，有了例1对于a的取值的考虑，学生应该会说出x可以表示很多数。“x=5.2可以吗？”学生会恍然大悟，原来x的取值也是受限的，只能是自然数。
“像9×x、x×9这些含有字母的乘法式子，数学上还有更简洁的写法”。这时大屏幕会出示阅读材料：9×x或x×9可以写成9·x或x·9，也可以简写成9x。1×x或x×1可以简写成x。随即会让学生自行阅读，并完成下面3个小题：×6=，s×1=，t+t+t=。
[设计意图：本环节通过学生充分自主的学习，对于用字母表示数的意义会有更深刻的理解。同时对于含有字母的乘法式子的简写采取了自行阅读的方式，锻炼了学生提取重要数学信息的能力。]
最后一个环节：课后练习
1.首先是一系列关于存钱罐的问题，通过不同情境的出现，让学生练习了关于含有字母的简单的四则运算。本练习的最后一题将两种运算结合在了一起，达到了练习的梯度性的目的。
2.这道练习题是“神奇的盒子”，通过动画演示，让学生发现输入与输出的数的关系，然后用含有字母的式子表示。这道练习对于学生来说是有挑战性的。
[设计意图：本环节练习题的设计采取层层递进的方式，让学生有一种“爬坡”的感觉，这是一种不言而喻的感觉，其实有挑战性的才是真正能够引起学生兴趣的。]
板书设计： 用字母表示数
妞妞（岁） 丫丫（岁） 9×3
1 1+3 9×5
2 2+3 9×15
3 3+3 9×x=9x
┆ ┆ 2n+2b=2（n+b）
8 8+3 3b-n
┆ ┆
18 18+3
┆ ┆
a a+3
四年级数学说课稿下册篇二
“字母表示数”是小学生学习代数初步知识的启蒙课，是后续学习简易方程以及中学进一步学习代数知识的前提和基础，在数学知识整体结构和学生学习过程中有着至关重要的作用。用字母表示数这一内容，看似浅显，平淡，但它是由具体的数和运算符号组成的式子过渡到含有字母的式子，是学生学习数学的一个转折点，也是认识过程上的一次飞跃。教材通过三个情境，学习用字母和含有字母的式子表示数及数量关系，并体会其方法和作用，学会用字母表示学过的有关图形计算公式和运算定律，体现了由具体到抽象、由浅入深、层层推进的意图与特点。
四年级学生已经有了用字母表示一定一种事物或含义的生活经验以及用字母表示运算定律的知识经验，但是用字母表示数是由个别到一般的抽象化过程，是学生认识上的一次飞跃，所以对学生来讲有很大难度。因此，我将教材进行了一些处理：
1.加法交换律激活学生已有知识经验，初步体会字母表示数的优越性和必要性。
2.将算淘气妈妈的年龄改为贴近学生实际的“猜老师”年龄，以此激发学生兴趣，深入学习内容，更好解决问题。
3.将“青蛙儿歌”整体呈现分段进行，作为拓展练习，减缓学生认知上的坡度，培养学生灵活解决问题能力。
依据《课标》与学生实际，我将本课的学习目标确立如下：
知识与技能：结合具体情境，体会字母表示数的意义，学会用字母表示数，学会含有字母的`乘法算式的简写、略写方法。
过程与方法：经历观察、发现、交流、归纳的过程，发展抽象概括能力。
情感、态度与价值观：在学习过程中逐步感受符号化思想，发展学生的数感，培养学生的抽象概括能力,渗透函数思想。
教学重点：探索用字母表示数的过程，理解字母表示数的意义，学会用字母表示数。
教学难点：在解决实际问题中正确地用含有字母的式子表示数量间的关系。
《数学新课标解读》中要求：“要尽可能的从实际问题引入，使学生感受到字母表示数的意义。”以及“让学生经历数学知识形成与应用的过程。”为此，我在教法运用和学法指导上努力做到三个注重：注重创设贴近生活实际的问题情境；注重引导学生自主探究、合作交流；注重现代多媒体教学手段和传统方式的结合。结合上述分析，我将教学流程设计如下：
（一）结合生活实际导入
本环节，我以字母a、b引入，激活学生用字母表示加法交换律已有的知识经验，引出课题《字母表示数》使学生初步感知字母表示数的简洁性和必要性，激发学生继续探索字母还可以表示什么的学习积极性。
（二）创设情境探究新知
这部分，我结合教材，创设三个教学情境来完成。
情境一：数青蛙
这个环节中我从学生喜欢的儿歌入手，激发学生的学习兴趣和探究意识，明晰课堂教学。
首先出示课件《数青蛙》，学生共同说儿歌，在意识到这样说下去永远也说不完，激发学生想办法把说不完的话表示出来，结合学生的回答，区别n只青蛙n张嘴和n只青蛙m张嘴两种说法的不同，使学生明确，第二种说法不能表达出青蛙只数和嘴的张数之间的关系，所以不采纳，然后让学生试着用其他字母代替说一说，同时使学生明确两种量相等时可以用同一个字母表示。
然后继续出示课件《数青蛙》，学生共同说儿歌，然后老师说出一个数字18只青蛙，学生已经没有前面的说的快了，但通过计算也能接下去，接着我又说了54只，126只，学生速度越来越慢，但明白都能通过计算得出来青蛙腿的条数。这个时候让学生明白，不管有多少只青蛙，它的腿的条数永远是只数的4倍，这样学生就轻轻松松理解了青蛙腿数和只数的关系，水到渠成的用n只青蛙4×n条腿来表示这首儿歌。
情境二：学简写
当学生用4×n表示青蛙条数时，我告诉他们我还有一种更简单的写法，问他们想不想知道，一下吊起来了他们的胃口，接着我出示自学资料，学生读一读和同桌交流一下，学生在交流自学中马上找到了4n这种简单的写法。
情境三：猜年龄
因为在课前交流是学生已经猜过老师的年龄，并已经揭示了老师的年龄，所以在这个环节中，我先偷偷的告诉一个学生我儿子的年龄和我的关系，学生迅速算出我儿子的年龄，然后让其它学生猜一猜我告诉了那个学生哪句话？在学生知晓了我和儿子的年龄关系后，引导学生用字母来表示年龄，再通过换位思考：老师b岁时，儿子的年龄怎样表示？促进学生有效思考的同时学会字母表示数，懂得字母的取值要符合实际生活，体会用含有字母的式子表示一个结果及两个数量间的关系。此环节设计更贴近生活实际有利于激发学生兴趣。
（三）巩固练习
结合《课标》的要求，因此我把练习题的目的定位于对本节知识点的强化，共设计了三种形式的与生活密切相关的练习题。
1.小练习：
（1）笑笑有20元钱，买书包用去a元，还剩（）元。
（2）一个储钱罐里有a元钱，平均分给4人，每人分（）元。
（3）同学们做早操，每排站了a人，共站了a排，共有（）人做早操。
（4）操场上有a个小朋友在跑步，又来了a个小朋友，现在操场上共有（）人在跑步。
通过练习，使学生明白字母表示数可以是多少、倍数关系，并引导学生区分2a和a2意义的不同。
2.课堂检测
（1）你能用一句话说说下面的儿歌吗？与同伴交流你的想法。
（2）填空。
通过课堂检测检验学生对知识的掌握情况，学生在交流对改过程中，如有答案不统一的在组内讨论交流解决，组内解决不了的在课堂进行集体讨论解决。
让学生进行自评、互评，培养学生的合作学习能力。
（四）梳理新知，归纳总结
此环节让学生说一说本节课的收获，是为了让学生经历一次再学习、再巩固的过程，达到充分吸收巩固的目的。
（五）拓展提升
4a还能解决生活中哪些问题？举例说一说
四年级数学说课稿下册篇三
1、教材的内容：人教版实验教材四年级下册第五单元第三课时
2、教材简析：三角形分类是在学生认识了直角、钝角、锐角和三角形的基础上开展学习的，教材分为两个层次：按角分为锐角三角形、钝角三角形和直角三角形，并通过集合图来体现分类的不重复和不遗漏原则；按边分为等腰三角形、等边三角形和一般三角形，着重引导学生认识等腰三角形、等边三角形边和角的特征。学好这部分知识为以后进一步学习三角形的有关知识打下基础。
3、教学目标：
（1）通过观察与操作，发现三角形中角与边的特征，学会按一定标准给三角形分类，感受三角形与日常生活的联系。
（2）经历观察与探索的过程，培养学生观察分析，动手操作能力，进一步发展学生的空间观念。
4、教学重点：学会给三角形分类。
5、教学难点：找出三角形角与边的特征。
6、教学准备：多媒体课件，各种不同的三角形纸片若干袋（每袋都一样），三角板，量角器，直尺、双面胶若干
自主学习的过程实际就是教学活动的过程。以活动促学习是本节的教学定位。通过情景创设，学生经历探索发现、讨论交流、独立思考等活动，逐步建立对三角形角与边特征的认识。通过看一看、想一想、量一量、分一分、连一连、猜一猜等多种形式的学习，为学生提供更多数学对话的机会，通过教具、学具、多媒体的运用，让学生经历从现实空间到几何空间的抽象变化的过程，从而获得对三角形边、角特征的认识，进而学会给三角形分类。
教法：创设情景为自主探究搭建平台；积极引导为有效学习指明方向；主动参与为合作交流营造氛围；激励评价为主动学习鼓励加油。学法：观察分析在情景中提出问题；探索思考在操作中解决问题；分组交流在探索中理解问题；独立反思在总结中内化问题。
问：你能按一定标准给教室里的人分分类吗？利用学生身边的事物，往往更能激起学生的求知欲望。同时为多角度的给三角形分类作好铺垫。
出示一些三角形纸片，问：三角形有哪些特征呢？（三个角、三条边、三个顶点）手拿实物问：每个三角形的角和边一样吗？今天我们就根据三角形各自的边和角特征来分分类。学生动手探索分3个环节，前两个环节采用比赛的形式，促使学生考虑合理分工、团结合作，提高课堂效率。
①观察与测量。分给每个学习一袋三角形纸片、一张彩色纸板和双面胶（每个小组的三角形一样），引导学生在小组长的带领下，进行观察、测量、记录各个三角形的特征。
②整理、分类。根据记录的数据，经过小组分析、讨论，将分类后的三角形贴在彩色板上。
③全班展示交流、师生点评。
④归纳小结。
给出锐角三角形、直角三角形、钝角三角形的名称，找出不同点和相同点，出示集合图，讲解分类的不重复和不遗漏原则；给出等腰三角形、等边三角形的名称，找出它们的特征。
⑴连一连。（课件出示）
等腰三角形等边三角形锐角三角形钝角三角形直角三角形
目的是让学生在练习中巩固各种三角形的特征，并利用这些特征给三角形分类。
⑵游戏，猜一猜。
给出三角形的一个角或两个角，猜一猜可能是什么三角形？目的是让学生进一步巩固锐角三角形、直角三角形、钝角三角形的特征。深刻辨别它们之间的区别和联系。当学生感到有些疲劳时，这时我就根据教材内容和学生心理特点，采用游戏练习方式，增加题目的趣味性，激发学生的学习兴趣。
⑶判断。（课件出示）
①一个三角形里如果有两个锐角，必定是一个锐角三角形。（）
②所有的等腰三角形都是锐角三角形。（）
③所有的等边三角形都是锐角三角形。（）
目的是辩明概念。同时，要求学生用手势表示，能促使人人参与学习，达到面向全体的作用。
⑷填空。
①已知等腰三角形的两边长为4cm和5cm，则它的周长为（）。
②已知等腰三角形的周长为17cm，其中一条边长为7cm，则它的其腰长为（）。
③已知等腰三角形的两边长分别是4cm和8cm则它的周长为（）。
在巩固等腰三角形特征的同时又注重培养学生灵活运用所学知识解决问题的能力。
以谈收获和实际应用的方式结束。
四年级数学说课稿下册篇四
一 说教材
本节课是人教版小学四年级数学第二章的《乘法分配律》。本课的教学内容是在学生已经学习掌握了乘法交换律、结合律，并能初步应用这些定律进行一些简便计算的基础上进行学习的。乘法分配律是本单元的教学重点，也是本节课内容的难点，教材是按照分析题意、列式解答、讲述思路、观察比较、总结规律等层次进行的。学习这部分教学内容有利于提高学生的观察能力、比较能力和概括能力。同时，学好乘法分配律是学生以后进行简便计算的前提和依据，对提高学生的计算能力有着重要的作用。二 说教学目标、
根据数学课程的基本性质与目的，我拟定了如下教学目标：1.从学生已有生活经验出发,通过观察、类比、归纳、验证、运用等方法深化和丰富对乘法分配律的认识。 2.渗透“由特殊到一般,再由一般到特殊”的认识事物的方法,培养学生独立自主、主动探索、发现问题,解决问题的能力，提高数学的应用意识。
三 说教学重、难点
教学重点：充分感知并归纳乘法分配律。
教学难点：充分感知并归纳乘法分配律。
四 说教法和学法
（一）教学方法
在教学过程中，我运用启发式进行教学，根据小学生的心理特征和认知规律，设计一些引人入胜的学习情境来激发学生的学习兴趣，调动学生的学习热情。同时在练习的过程中注意练习的层次和坡度，设计一些易混题，最后设计一个找朋友的游戏，让学生积极参与，既活跃了课堂气氛又能充分发挥学生学习的积极性和主动性，充分体现教师的主导作用和学生的主体地位。
（二）学法指导
注意引导学生通过动手操作，采用观察、比赛、概括的方法概括出“乘法分配律”。让学生都能够动手、动脑、动口，积极参与教学的整个过程。
五 说教学过程
1.回顾：说说已学过的乘法交换律和结合律,并用字母表示。
2.初次感知规律：〖算一算
①（3 + 2）×4 3×4 + 2×4
② 2×(11 + 9) 11×2 + 9×2
③ 20×5 + 4×5 (20 + 4)×5
让学生通过复习、计算，感知乘法分配律算式的特点，为学习新的知识作好铺垫。
3.观察、激趣、导入。
第③组算式老师不用计算,就可以判定用等号连接,这是为什么呢？难道这里有什么奥秘吗？今天,我们就一同来研究这个问题。
给学生制造悬念，激发学生的好奇心和求知欲。
二．联系实际，探究规律。
㈠影幕演示：
1.学校购买校服。每件上衣35元，每条裤子25元。买这样3 套校服，一共要多少元？
【 ①学生读题,弄清题意。②上台演示,合作讨论,研究策略。
③展示思维过程,探究解题规律。】
2.分析比较：仔细观察两种方法有什么不同？
3.结论：两个算式的结果如何？用什么符号连接？仔细观察,认真思考,发现其中有什么规律？
通过观察、说特点，为下面口头概括定律收集语言材料。
㈡ 探究概括规律：
1. 再一步观察、分析、比较去发现规律。〖多媒体操作引导
a.观察这些等式,等号左边算式有什么特点？〖多媒体演示
b.继续观察,等号右边的算式又是怎样计算的？先算什么？
后算什么？
通过口头概括，培养学生的思维能力和概括能力，让学生在主动中获取知识。
c.这两个积又是怎么得到的？
结论： 把两个加数分别同这个数相乘。概括起来,说一说？
两个数的和同一个数相乘，可以把两个加数分别同这个数相乘，再把两个积相加，结果不变。这叫做乘法的分配律。
2. 字母表示乘法分配律：
如果用a、b、c分别代表三个数,你会用字母表示乘法分配律吗？
3.逆用乘法分配律、
我们知道减法是加法的逆运用，除法是乘法的逆运用。那么，乘法分配律有逆运算吗？你会运用吗？敢接受我的考验吗？
使学生懂得怎样用字母表示乘法分配律，从正反两方面理解乘法分配律。
三. 质疑联想,拓展认识。
四．巩固运用规律。
（一） 数学医院：判断正误。
① 2×( 6 + 5 ) = 2 × 6 + 5- - - - - 〖
② ( 25 + 7 )×4 = 25 ×4 ×7×4- - - - - 〖
③ 35×9 + 35 = 35×( 9 + 1 )= 350 - - - - - -〖
（二）连一连：
3×17 + 5 ×17 （22 + 44）×30
（18 + 4）×6 18 ×6 + 4 ×6
22×30 + 44 ×30 60×20 + 60×30
60 ×（20 + 30） （3 + 5）×17
（三）填一填：
①（12+40)×3= ×3 + ×3
② 15×(40 + 8) = 15× + 15×
③ 78×20+22×20=（ + ）×20
④ 66×28 + 66×32 + 66×40=（ + + ）×
（四）做一做： ① 103×32 ② 99×32
（五）巩固与发展
（六）课外发展
通过多种形式的练习，既有利于学生巩固知识，又能激发学生的学习兴趣，同时也活跃了课堂气氛。
五. 联系实际,深化认识。
咱们来解决一个实际问题试试。【多媒体演示】
为了丰富同学们的课余生活，学校准备购置足球和排球各20个，根据提供的信息，你能提出数学哪些问题 ？
六. 归纳概括,完善认识。
整堂课都不脱离学生的尝试，环环使学生体验成功的喜悦。
四年级数学说课稿下册篇五
1、教学内容：人教版教科书四年级下册数学广角第120页例3及部分练习。
2、教材分析：
大家知道，人教版的新教材都专门安排了“数学广角”单元，向学生渗透一些重要的数学思想方法，加强学生综合运用知识的能力，逐步提高解决问题的能力。本册教材主要是渗透有关植树问题的一些思想方法，通过现实生活中一些常见的实际问题，让学生从中发现一些规律，抽取出其中的数学模型，然后再用发现的规律来解决生活中的一些简单实际问题。
教材中安排了三个植树问题的典型问题：例1是探讨关于一条线段的植树问题并且两端都要栽树的情况。例2讨论的是两端都不栽树的情形。例3是植树问题的另一种情况——关于一个封闭图形的植树问题。教材借助围棋盘的最外层每边都能放19个棋子，求围棋盘最外层一共可以摆多少棋子的问题，介绍如何解决类似的植树问题。
教学时，学生很容易会出现教材上的女孩子一样，认为每边放19个棋子，最外层一共就是19×4=76个棋子，而忽略了角上的棋子算重复了。
教材用直观图的形式展示了两个学生解决问题的方法。一种方法是：先看上下两个边，每边是19个棋子，然后再看左右两边，由于上下两边已经包括了两个端点，所以左右两边每边都少了2个棋子，只有17个，把四边上的棋子加起来就可得到最外层总共的棋子数。另一种想法是：每边都只算一个端点，这样每边正好都是18个棋子，18×4=72得出结果。接下来小精灵提出“你是怎样想的？还有其他的方法吗？”鼓励学生开阔思路，找到自己的方法。教材这里没有给出解决关于封闭图形植树问题的规律，而是用这种直观的方式来解决问题，体现了不同的学生在数学学习上有不同的发展。如果学生可以接受的话，也可以让他们自主探索这种植树问题中包含的规律，即栽树的棵数正好等于间隔数。例如，围棋盘最外层摆放的棋子数等于最外层每两个棋子间的间隔数，最外层每边有18个间隔，最外层总共摆放的棋子数是18×4=72。
3、教学目标
（1）借助围棋盘探讨封闭曲线（方阵）中的植树问题；
（2）初步培养学生从实际问题中探索规律，找出解决问题的有效方法的能力；
（3）让学生感受数学在日常生活中的广泛应用。
（4）情感与态度目标：通过小组合作交流，培养学生认真倾听他人意见，乐于与人合作，从不同角度欣赏他人的良好心态。
4、教学重点：从封闭曲线（方阵）中探讨植树问题。
教学难点：用数学的方法解决实际生活中的简单问题。
教学时，教师从围棋的棋盘，提出要解决的问题：如果最外层每边能放3颗棋子、5颗棋子、6颗棋子……最外层一共可以摆放多少颗棋子？让学生用教师提供的围棋和方格纸来寻找解决问题的方法。先让学生独立思考，再让学生讨论汇报。让学生通过抢答、验证、分析、交流等一系列活动，自己发现规律，教师在关键之处疏通点拨，引导学生加深理解，做到以学生为主体。对于学生的不同方法，只要合理正确，教师都给予表扬和鼓励，保护学生独立思考解决问题的积极性，同时也要适时引导学生通过比较各种算法，学习、吸收更好的解决问题的方法、思路和策略，逐步提高学生的思维水平。练习从现实生活出发提出数学问题，让学生在游戏中、在具体情境中充分动口、动手、动脑，培养学生的自主学习能力、合作意识和科学探究精神，并进一步体会数学在日常生活中的广泛应用。
（一）谈话导入：
让同学说说自己知道的一些围棋知识，教师提出本堂课的学习内容——进行一场特殊的围棋比赛。
设计意图：从学生的已有经验出发，教师巧妙地设置导语，激发学生的学习兴趣。
（二）探索新知
1．教学每边摆放3粒棋子的方法。
教师课件出示围棋格子图，让学生说说“如果最外层每边能放3颗棋子。最外层一共可以摆放多少颗棋子？”学生口答时可能会出现多种答案，9颗、8颗、12颗。教师课件演示，确定正确答案。
接着让学生说说你是怎样数的？学生又会出现多种数的方法，教师随学生的回答有选择地板书，并随时表扬学生的创新摆法。
学生可能会出现以下方法：
3×2＋2＝8（上边和下边各3颗，左右两边还有2颗）
3×3－1＝8（一共有9个交叉点，中间一个点没有摆）
2×4＝8（2颗2颗数）
直接点数
……
2．教学每边摆放5粒棋子的方法。
课件出示每边放5颗棋子的格子图，四人小组动手摆一摆，摆完后小组讨论一下数的方法。小组汇报时着重请学生说出数的方法，教师随学生的回答板书。
这次，学生数的方法会比第一次多很多，所以要请学生说清数的方法，必要时还要演示一下摆法。
学生可能会出现以下方法：
5×2＋3×2＝16（上边和下边各5颗，左右两边各3颗）
5×5－3×3＝16（假设全部摆满，一共是5×5=25颗，实际上中间9颗没有摆，去掉9颗）
4×4＝16（每边只数一个角上的棋子，另一个角上的棋子放到另一边去数）这时可以有的同学一下不理解，请这位同学来演示数的方法，数一遍给大家看。
4×5－4＝16（4个角上的棋子重复数了一次，所以要去掉4颗）
3×4+4＝16（4个角上的全部不数，每边是3颗，再加上4个角上4颗）
……
数的方法很多，但有的方法算起来很麻烦，所以要让学生在比较时说说自己最喜欢哪种方法？为什么？
3．教学每边摆放6粒棋子的方法。
这时学生已经有了摆和数的经验，教师要放手让学生自己操作，用自己喜欢的方法数，并写出算式。汇报时教师随学生回答板书。最后和同桌说一说自己最喜欢的方法。
设计意图：让每位学生都参与活动，通过抢答、验证、分析、交流等一系列活动，借助围棋盘探讨封闭曲线（方阵）中的植树问题，进一步体会数学在日常生活中的广泛应用，学生在亲身“经历”的过程中实现知识能力发展。
三、总结规律
（1）根据板书，请学生试着总结数的几种方法，教师适当加以点拔。
（2）根据规律计算：如果最外层每边放10颗、18颗、19颗棋子，最外层一共可以摆放多少颗棋子？选择自己喜欢的一种进行计算。
学生根据规律，独立计算。交流时让学生说出计算的方法。
（4）运用规律口答：
如果最外层每边能放100个，最外层一共可以摆放多少颗棋子？
如果最外层每边能放200个，最外层一共可以摆放多少颗棋子？
如果最外层每边能放300个，最外层一共可以摆放多少颗棋子？
（5）拓展思维：如果一个三角形，怎么算？一个五边形呢？（集体口答）
设计意图：充分相信学生，放手让学生分析问题、解决问题，以学生为主归纳问题；教师在关键之处疏通点拨，引导学生加深理解，做到以学生为主体。
三、应用规律，解决问题
1、做第121页第三题。
为迎接元旦，学校举行团体操表演。四年级学生排成方阵，最外层每边站9个人，最外层一共有多少名学生？整个方阵一共有多少名学生？
这一题的第一个问题与例题相同，只是在例题的基础上增加了一个问题，即求整个方阵的总人数，可以直接用乘法求出。
2．请你思考：
元旦即将来临，四（1）班同学准备开联欢会。大家围坐在一起，如果每边做14人，（如下图），这个班一共有多少个同学？每边都有8张课桌，一共要多少张课桌？
这题的第一个问题学生很容易上当，把它当成用规律进行计算。这题的设计要让学生知道认真审题的重要性。
3．请你参加：
12名学生在操场上做游戏，大家围成一个正方形，每边人数相等。四个顶点都有人，每边各有几名学生？
这题知道了正方形四边上的总人数，求每边有几个学生，是例题的逆向思考的题目，所以要在学生充分掌握规律的基础上完成。学生计算后请12名学生在教室里围一围。
4．请你设计：
学校为了庆祝元旦，改变校园环境，想全校范围内征集校园花坛设计方案。有以下三种，请每组同学选择一种你最喜欢的图形，算一算如果每边放三盆花，一共可以摆放多少盆花？
设计意图：整个练习从现实生活中出发提出数学问题，让学生在游戏中，在具体情境中充分动口、动手、动脑，培养了学生的自主学习能力、合作意识和科学探究精神。
四年级数学说课稿下册篇六
各位评委老师好：我今天说课的内容是商不变规律，我将从以下几个方面来说：
商不变的规律是一个新的数学规律。是义务教育课程标准实验教科书青岛版四年级数学上册信息窗5的内容。在小学数学中占有很重要的地位，它是进行除法简便运算的依据，也是今后学习小数乘、除法、分数、比的基本性质等的基础。教材通过信息窗5的情景图，让学生根据信息，发现问题、提出问题并解决问题。在解决问题中发现其中的规律，不仅可以巩固所学的计算知识，还可以培养学生初步的抽象、概括能力以及善于观察、勤于思考、勇于探索的良好习惯。
商不变的规律是在学生已较好地掌握了多位数除法的计算方法的基础上学习的，因而对于学生来说，要学好这部分知识，发现和探索出商不变的规律，难度不是很大，但利用商不变的规律解决生活中的实际问题有一定的难度。要想学好这部分内容，教师必须注意引导学生主动学习，提高计算能力。
知识与能力目标：
1、理解和掌握商不变规律，并能运用这一规律口算相关的除法。
2、培养学生观察、分析能力和合作探究的意识和解决问题的初步能力。
方法和过程目标：
学生自主合作学习，发现规律性，总结规律性。
情感、态度与价值观目标：
学生在观察、比较、猜想、验证等学习活动中，体验成功的喜悦，增强学生的自信心。
教学重点是理解商不变规律。教学难点是发现并归纳商不变规律的过程
根据本课教学内容的特点和学生的思维特点，我选择以引导发现法为主，辅之以谈话法、直观演示法、小组合作等方法的优化组合，充分发挥教师的点拨作用，调动学生的能动性，引导他们去发现规律、分析规律、解决实际问题获取知识，从而达到训练思维、培养能力的目的。
根据学生的年龄特征，创设有效的问题情境，引导学生自主观察、比较相关算式的内在联系，运用猜想验证的教学思维方法，以及小组合作交流的方法，探究、发现、验证并运用规律，既让学生掌握了商不变规律，又让学生积极、主动地参与到知识的形成过程中去，培养学生的学习能力。
（一）复习导入，做好铺垫
出一组商都是3的计算式，让学生抢答，在学生说出答案后，再让学生观察说出有什么发现，学生会发现商都是3。这时反问学生为什么商一样，而被除数和除数却不同呢？这里又有什么奥妙呢？（揭示课题并板书商不变，为下面的学习做铺垫。）
（二）以图激趣，提出问题。
1、出示主题图，提出问题。
让学生观察情景图，能发现哪些数学信息，根据这些信息能提出什么数学问题？
学生会提出：联合收割机每小时收小麦多少吨？
[让学生产生强烈的问题意识，使学生的整个学习过程成为“猜想”继而紧张的沉思]
2、让学生独立完成事先发给他们的联合收割机工作情况表。（出示联合收割机工作情况表）给出要求：请同学们先独自完成表格第1、2两项。
1、填表格
2、把算式写出来
工作总量（吨）12244896192
时间（时）2481632
每小时收割的数量（吨）
（三）、独立思考，合作探究。
1、汇报表格。
先让学生说出表格中的计算结果，再说说是怎样算的，根据学生回答教师板书:12÷2＝6
24÷4＝6
48÷8＝6
96÷16＝6
192÷32＝6
然后再引导学生抽象出数量关系并板书：工作总量÷工作时间=工作效率
2、独立思考，小组探究。
让学生观察表格中的数据和算式，先独立思考，再写出自己的发现。
当学生们把发现写完后，在小组内交流，合作探究。[小组合作学习是新课程所倡导的一种新的学习方式,更能突出学生的主体地位，培养主动参与的意识，激发学生的创造潜能.]
3、汇报交流，质疑释惑：
以小组为单位，汇报交流。（从上往下看）
学生会说出：被除数和除数时乘2，商不变。
这个环节学生汇报完后，作课件全部演示出来。当学生理解后，利用表格让学生分析被除数12是如何变成48的，除数2是如何变成8的，学生会知道被除数和除数同时乘4，而商不变。可再举例验证，如被除数和除数同时乘5或其他的数，而商不变。
这时师生共同总结并板书：被除数和除数同时乘相同的数，商不变。
（从下往上看）学生会举例说出：被除数和除数同时除以2，商不变
这个环节学生汇报完后，作课件也要全部演示出来。
师生共同总结：被除数和除数同时时除以相同的数，商不变。这时在板书处加上（或除以）
4、验证理解。
根据上面的板书内容，老师反问学生：这是不是一个规律呢？
学生会答：是
老师说：你能给它起个名字吗？
生会答出：商不变规律
然后课件显示四道判断题，让学生做。
第一道（48×5）÷（12×5）＝4这是对的，被除数和除数同时乘5，商不变，体现商不变规律。第二道（48÷6）÷（12×6）＝4是错的，被除数除以6而除数乘6，没体现同时。第三道（48×3）÷（12×4）＝4也是错的，因为乘的数不相同。第四道（48×0）÷（12×0）＝4也是错的。因为0乘任何数都是0，且0不能做除数，否则无意义。
[在这里一是让学生体会“同时”和“相同”。二是让学生明白（0除外）]
然后板书处加上（0除外）。
（四）、全课总结：你有什么收获？让学生答出自已学会了什么？[可把课堂总结的规律尽快化为学生自己的知识]（五）、巩固练习：围绕商不变规律设计[让学生运用商不变规律解决问题]
（六）板书设计
商不变规律
工作总量÷工作时间=工作效率
12÷2＝6
24÷4＝6
48÷8＝6
96÷16＝6
192÷32＝6
被除数和除数同时乘或除以相同的数（0除外），商不变。七、八、说理念：
根据课程改革的目标，实现以人为本的现代教学观。切实改进课堂教学，改变传统牵着走的教学行为。学生是按照自己的思维方式认识世界的，因此要组织好学生的活动，让学生通过探索自己发现问题，提出问题，从而解决问题，真正落实学生的主体地位。
我的说课完了，不当之处请批评指正，谢谢！
四年级数学说课稿下册篇七
面积和周长的对比是人教版六年制小学数学第七册p101的教学内容。但由于此教学内容是原人教版第六册的教学内容，而新教材是在本学期更换的，所以现在的四年级学生其实在三年级时已经学习了面积和周长的对比这部分的内容，对于学生来说这部分内容已是旧知。所以这节课的目标是在学生已学习过面积和周长的对比的基础上，通过思考、合作、讨论、比较，从而进一步加深对周长和面积的理解和感受，并着重于培养学生运用这些相应的知识去解决生活中的实际问题的能力。教学重点是能正确比较出周长和面积的区别，并能正确的计算出长方形（正方形）的面积和周长。 教学难点是能正确地运用相应的知识解决生活中的实际问题。
由于此教学内容是学生已掌握的，所以这节课是在原教材的基础上为进一步加深对面积和周长的理解而进行了改编设计的，在设计上着重于创设贴近生活的情景，力求让学生在生活中发现数学问题，并运用已有的知识解决生活实际问题。
所以我在这节课的设计上，先是通过学生对边长4厘米的正方形，面积和周长相同吗？这一问题进行讨论，从而复习面积和周长的比较的知识，并进一步加深对周长和面积的理解和感受。然后在这基础上，把面积和周长的比较的知识融入到现实生活（如：对房屋的装修及修建花园）中，由基础性应用思考性应用拓展性应用创造性应用的逐层提高，力求从中提高学生运用相应的知识解决生活实际问题的能力。
1．小组合作学习突出学习方式变革，体现出学生的自主，探究与合作精神。
本节课运用把学生六人分为一个小组的学习方法，利于发挥学生之间的互补作用，培养学生的参与与合作精神。使学生们能做到互相启发，互相帮助，对不同智力水平、认知结构、思维方式、认知风格的学生实现互补，达到共同提高，加强了学生之间的横向交流和师生之间的纵向交流，并把两者有机地贯穿起来，组成网络，形成信息交流量纵横交错的立体结构。
2．利用计算机辅助教学，创设生动的情景，充分调动学生的学习积极性。
把整堂课融入到一个童话故事中，通过创设情景，激发学生的学习兴趣。把整个练习设计成帮小灵通修建一个美丽的家园（包括对房屋的装修及修建花园），学生每完成一个练习或活动，计算机就会显示相应的成果，让学生在学习的过程中感受成功的喜悦。
创设情景，通过童话故事的引入，让学生对边长4厘米的正方形，面积和周长相同吗？这一问题进行讨论和完成p101的例1，从而复习面积和周长的比较的知识，并进一步加深对周长和面积的理解和感受。
1．基础性应用。
口头列式解答：小灵通拥有的边长是20米的土地及长16米、宽10米的房子的占地面积和周长。
2．思考性应用。
帮小灵通装修客厅，包括：（1）给客厅做一扇大门；（2）给客厅的地面铺上地砖；（3）用石膏线吊天花。通过解决这三个问题，培养学生选取相关信息并运用已有的相应知识去解决生活实际问题的能力。
3．拓展性应用。
帮小灵通装修房间，包括：（1）给房间围地脚线；（2）给房间窗户配玻璃要多少钱？通过解决这两个问题，培养学生解决问题时要考虑到实际情况的意识。
4．创造性应用。
小组内进行两个活动。
第一．讨论在花园内围一个面积36平方米的长方形或正方形玫瑰园，要用多长的篱笆？又有多少种不同的围法？
第二．讨论在花园内修建一个周长为12米的长方形或正方形的金鱼池，有多少种不同的围法？怎样围面积会最大呢？
从而培养学生的求异思维和创新能力，同时还让学生在积极参与中体现合作的精神。
让学生谈谈这节课觉得自己学得怎么样？在刚才解决这么多问题的过程中，觉得自己有什么收获？
由学生自己进行评价和小结，充分体现学生是学习的主体，让学生感觉到自己才是学习的主人。
如有时间，可进行一个小组活动，请每一个小组在美丽的家园的图纸上设计如何在花园内修建金鱼池和玫瑰园，要求能既省材料，又美观。
四年级数学说课稿下册篇八
各位老师：
下午好！
今天我们相聚在云周小学，共同行走在“生本”课堂的道路上。作为一名新教师，我也是抱着一种学习的心态来评课。应老师的这节《三角形内角和》，无论是他的设计，还是他对课的演绎，都充分体现了“以生为本”的理念。
这节课有以下几点值得我们去探讨：
既然是生本课堂，那我们在备课之前，就要做到备学生，找起点。新课导入时，应老师花了一些时间复习三角形的分类和平角的知识，充分唤醒学生对三角形的认知，分类是为了抓住三角形的本质，缩小验证时选材的范围，而三个角拼成一个平角的练习，则为学生之后的验证搭好一个脚手架，降低他们学习的难度。但从课堂上来看，部分学生已经知道三角形内角和是180°，而且当出示平角那道题时，学生立刻说出180°是三角形内角和，而没有想到平角，这需要我们来反思这个环节的必要性。为什么学生会联想到内角和呢？我想可能是应老师在此之前询问了：“三角形有几个角？如果告诉你两个角，会求第三个角吗？”同样是为了复习，却产生了负迁移，反而没有达成预定的效果。再此之后又介绍“内角”等概念，这样难免有回课嫌疑。课堂选材要有取舍，我觉得这个环节可以删除。
有位老师说过：“数学老师和语文老师就是不一样，语文老师会发散，将一句简单的话复杂化；而数学老师会收敛，将复杂的例题、方法融汇成一句话。”所以数学课上必须让学生亲身经历知识的发展过程。在探究过程中，应老师放手让学生想方法验证猜想，学生首先会想到量出内角并相加，从反馈来看，学生量得的结果都是180°，既然得到想要的结果了，再拼不是多此一举了吗？课堂上应老师也对学生的精确结果赶到意外，究竟量角的误差在哪里？
学生的心里总是不敢犯错的，这就会让很多数据失真。其实误差不仅仅只是存在于内角总和，还存在于每个内角的度数。课堂反馈上，对于同样的锐角，学生量出了“60°，40°，80°和55°，45°，80°”同样一个三角形，为什么内角度数会有所不同，此时通过对比，让学生明白量角时有误差，容易改变角度，看来量不是最准确的方法，而撕角拼角则不会改变它的大小。我想这就是我们为什么将力气花在剪拼法上了。
通过各种方法的验证，我们知道了三角形的内角和是180°，难道点到即止吗？应老师巧妙借助几何画板，改变三角形的形状和大小，并引导学生观察什么变了，什么不变？这一简单的演示却寓意深远，无论形状大小如何改变，三角形内角和永远是180°，这也从另一个角度说明了三角形为什么具有稳定性，只要确定两个角，第三个角永远的唯一的。结论只是静态的文字，而课件是动态的演示，这种动静结合的美渲染了我们的眼球，同时也凸显了内角和的本质，让结论更具说服力。
练习是一节课的精髓，这节课的练习主要分三层，一算二辨三延伸。应老师在练习的设计上很注重一材多用，而且非常有坡度性，这也是本节课最大的亮点。在“只知道一个角”的环节中，应老师设计了只露出一个70°角的等腰三角形，求另两个角。大多数学生只想到一种情况后，便沾沾自喜，不会更深入思考问题，因为在学生潜意识中总认为正确答案只有一个。这也给了我们一个启示，关注答案，更要关注学生解题的意识，引导学生从多维角度思考问题。
这里我有一个的想法，这个想法也来源于作业本的习题。能不能把70°角改成40°，当学生算出答案后，询问学生，如果按角分，这是一个什么三角形？沟通按角分和按边分三角形的横向联系，在练习中温故而知新。再设计已知一个角是140°的等腰三角形的练习，打破学生的思维定势，并不是所有等腰三角形都有两种可能。之后再询问：“一个角都不知道，如何求内角。”让练习更具层次性。
应老师这节课还有很多值得我们学习的地方，比如应老师自如的教态、亲切的语言让学生倍感温暖；
精心准备的教具让课堂不再沉闷；精彩的练习让知识落到实处。以上是我对这节课一些不成熟的想法，希望各位老师给予批评和指正。
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