在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文,仅供参考,一起来看看吧
三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇一
1.以多角度,多种形式读文,读中求悟,以学定教,顺学而导。
2.积极倡导自主、合作的学习方式,让学生自主分析、记忆,解决基础知识,表达自己对荷花的看法和感情。
3.活用资源,紧扣“美”,激发学生想像力。
本文用生动优美的语言描写了荷花盛开的情景,以及“我”沉浸在此景中与荷花融为一体的感受,向我们展示了一幅各具姿态、色彩明艳、活生生的水中荷花的画面,表达了作者对大自然的喜爱之情。
本年段的学生在一、二年级阅读能力的基础上,能比较迅速地随文识字,大致了解课文内容,判断课文中的精彩语句,为自主阅读欣赏和理解课文提供了保证。通过衡量学情,根据新课标要求,我制定了本课的教学目标:
(1) 随文识字,有感情地朗读课文。
(2) 播放光盘,观看插图,妙悟“美”,体会作者用词的准确、生动,激发对大自然的热爱。
(3) 体会作者的丰富想像,学习边阅读、边想像画面的读书方法。
(4) 要善于观察、多了解大自然,热爱大自然。
本课重点是了解荷叶、荷花的样子,欣赏荷花的美丽,体会之中精彩的词句,难点是培养细心观察的习惯,用准确生动的语言来表达。
“教有多法,但无定法。”一个好的教法和学法是相融合的,也是相互推进的,根据新课程基本理念,针对自己对教材的理解,在本文中采用了“读中感悟”法,“想像理解”法,“自主合作”法。
根据教材特点和学生认知规律,让学生在教师指导下,自觉主动地学习,遵循以学生为主体、教师为主导、训练为主线的三为主原则,引导学生在读中自学、读中自悟、读中自得、读中展示。
新课程标准指出:学生是学习和发展的主体。语文教学应以学生自读自悟、自学探究为基础,让学生在读、悟、议这种宽松民主的氛围中学习。作为教师,要做的是帮助学生架设生活与教材的桥梁,激发学生的情感体验,并参与其中,推动学生去深入地感受,因此,我的教学设计如下:
播放课件,请学生观赏后说说感受,当学生谈到“美”时,顺势而导,这么“美”的荷花,作者如何用文字来表达呢?从而,进入新课。这样,以直观的画面美感受、吸引学生,把学生限于生活环境无法亲眼目睹而又十分感兴趣的内容呈现在眼前,激发兴趣,增强学习主动性,让学习沿“美”的主线展开。
新课程第二学段的阅读目标要求:“用普通话正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文;初步把握文章的主要内容,感受文章中生活形象和优美的语言。”因此,播放范读课件,请学生一边听一边想像画面,随优美的音乐、画面走入营造的生动情景中,整体把握课文,梳理出文章的脉络,理清作者的思路。
结合图片,与学生的读思悟结合起来,帮助学生品读欣赏精妙语句,领悟课文的美妙。
预设:学生自读描写荷花的重点段(第二—四段),勾画出自己认为准确、生动的词句,想像画面,思考:作者从哪些方面描写了荷花?学生会谈到对荷花的形状、颜色、姿态几个方面,教师对学生所谈到的作个小结。肯定学生的体会,与学生共同讨论他们划出来的词句,体会“挨挨挤挤”在文中的意思及作用,感受“冒”字用得好,从而了解荷花、荷叶的样子,播放课件,欣赏荷花的美。想像:这些白荷花,从大圆盘之间冒出来干什么?
领悟到荷叶的多,荷花生长的姿态,让学生们带着美的感情美美的读,边读边想象画面,并理解作者说:“如果把眼前的一池荷花看作一大幅活的画,那画家的本领可真了不起。”这句话是什么意思?“活的画”是什么样?当同学们看到、感受到荷花的确很“美”时,顺势而导,给学生插上想像的翅膀,想像自己就是一朵美丽的荷花,会想些什么?看到什么?听到什么?学习作者用优美的语言描绘了一幅美丽的图画,运用多种阅读方式声情并茂地朗读文章。
文章的优美,具体生动的描写手法,与图画的“美”,学生丰富的想像力,为“感受作品中生动的形象和优美的语言”起到了事半功倍的作用。
以课件中优美的旋律再现课文意境,让学生带着自己的感受将课文诵读一遍,再现荷花的美景,将文字之美和感受之美融为一体,入情入境,受到美的熏陶。
新课标对第二学段的习作要求中提到:“能不拘形式地写下观闻、感受和想像,注意表现自己觉得新奇有趣的或印象最深、最受感动的内容。”
“头脑不是一个要被填满的容器,而是一个需要点燃的火把。”优美的文章、精美的图片激活了学生的思维,当提问到:“生活中,你喜欢的花,有多美,说来听听”时。学生们自由地谈开了,受到本课的启发,学生们也能展示美的片段,由学生自由地表达对美的感受。
英国诗人基慈曾感叹:“美的事物是永恒的喜悦!”语文课堂能帮助学生不断感受语文的美、生活的美,提高语文素养,升华生命价值!
三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇二
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三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇三
《海底世界》是一篇浅显的知识性课文,作者通过生动形象的语言,刻画了一个“景致奇怪,物产富厚”的海底天下,文章以流通自然语言为基调,没有富丽的词采,不见雕琢的陈迹,但是给人密切热情的感觉。我们透过作者对海底天下的刻画,可以感觉到作者对整个自然、对生命的热爱。
教学中若只让学生知道讲义上的点滴动物、植物,在学生脑海中要形成广而深,并景致奇怪、物产富厚的海底天下是有难度的,因此必须给学生计划了一个“研究”的时机,使学生进一步相识博识的海底天下。
本节课的教学目标是:
1、探究课文第2~6自然段,通过感受作者生动形象的语言,了解海底是个景色奇异、物产丰富的地方。
2、通过多样化的表达,培养学生的语言表达能力和搜集信息、处理信息等综合实践能力。
3、有感情地朗读课文。
4、激发学生热爱自然,探索自然界奥秘的兴趣。
1、过程开放,体现探究性
学生是学习活动的主体。在探究性的阅读教学中,倡导的是学生学习过程的开放。它突破传统的限制,立足于学生的全面发展,为学生创设探究的背景,激发学生探究的兴趣,积极培养学生的学习能力和创新精神。
⑴情境的创设
在课堂中,创设一定的情境,能启发学生运用多维视角去思考解决问题,拓展学生的思维空间,丰富学生的思维方式,让学生参与到课堂教学的全过程,从而满足他们的探究欲、表现欲。
在广阔的海洋里生活繁衍着无数的生物,神秘而又美丽的海底世界令无数人为之倾倒,为之赞叹。学生乐于亲近海底世界,因此创设“大海深处是什么样的”,能使学生的心灵与文本产生撞击,使儿童既有经验与文本产生冲突,寻找到孩子心跳与文本心跳的合拍点,产生移情效应。他们置身情境,强烈地感受着无形之“力”的作用,情不自禁地关注、向往、投入。
⑵角色的转换
《课程标准》指出:“阅读教学是学生、教师、文本之间对话的过程。”也就是说,阅读课堂是由这三者之间的互动形成的。在《海底世界》的教学中,课始情境的创设,教师是一个能激发学生思维的引导者——引导学生自己找到探究内容进行探究;当学生就“大海深处是什么样的”问题进行研究、讨论的过程中,教师则是一个能欣赏学生意见的倾听者、能积极参加小组探究的参与者;当学生呈现探究成果时,教师又是能判断学生认识正误的辨别者。这实质上是一个师生互动、教学相长的动态生成过程。
⑶资源的拓展
儿童的内心是最无拘无束的,他们渴望走向原野,亲近自然,渴望在广阔的天地间放飞梦想。这就要求阅读教学要彻底走出“课堂中心、书本中心、教师中心”的封闭性,充分拓展空间,增强活力。一方面,我们要鼓励学生在真实世界的际遇中学习,与现实对话,为学生创造社会实践的机会,让学生到社会上去观察、调查、访问。例如要求学生课外查询有关海底世界的知识,引导学生通过如课外书籍、图书馆、网络等途径获得信息。另一方面,我们要把大世界引入课堂,在教学中充分挖掘各种各样的教育资源,根据教育目标对资源进行重新组合与调整,沟通学生生活世界和书本世界的桥梁,为学科课程提供广泛的感性背景,为课本知识的运用提供实践的平台。例如在教学中播放海底世界的录像、出示海底世界的图片等。
语文学科具有积淀丰厚的人文魅力,尊重学生生命价值、尊重学生文化及其多样性,是小学语文课程的应有之义。语文教学必须实现学科顺应学生,必须在教学中尊重学生生命的本性,弘扬学生个性,激发学生保持和加强生命的力度,使有限的生命具有无限的生命力。
⑴挖掘文本中的人文性
通过放录像,把蓝色的海水、凶猛怪诞的大鱼、美丽的珊瑚……这些奇妙的东西尽情展现在学生的面前。再加上配有优美音乐的解说词,学生们仿佛置身于美丽神奇、千姿百态的海底世界,留下深刻的印象,激发学生的学习热情,画出一幅幅美丽的海底世界。另外如文中“海底的动物常常在窃窃私语”等的重点研读。
⑵体现课堂交流中的人文性
让每一个学生在学习的历程中,在互相的交流感悟中充分展示自我,提升生命价值,让学生在体味语言、交流表达过程中,陶冶、塑造学生心灵。
⑶渗透课堂作业中的人文性
现代阅读教学观需要我们以生活的理念构建起语文教学大课堂。在教学中,我们要将课堂的语言训练和课外的生活实践活动进行有机结合,从而使学生从单一的语文课堂步入广泛的社会语文空间。如:
“海底的动物常常在窃窃私语,我们用水中听音器一听,就能听见各种声音,发挥你的想象,请你写一写。”
“关于海底的奇异景色,你还想知道些什么?课外查寻、搜集相关的资料,你自己来写写《海底世界》。”
这种实践性的作业形式,让学生亲近自然,很好得淡化了训练意识,消除了学生学习与生活的界限,激发学生主动参与实践的热情。
《课程标准》指出:阅读是学生的个性化行为,不应以教师的分析代替学生的阅读实践。应让学生在主动积极的思维和情感活动中,加深理解和体验,有所感悟和思考,受到情感熏陶,获得思想启迪,享受审美乐趣。要珍视学生独特的感受、体验和理解。
1、个性化地体味语言
在阅读教学中,通过学生的自主体验,让学生逐步学会以语言文字为依托,分析语言现象,在字、词、句、篇的联系中揣摩语言文字的内涵,体会文章内在的思想感情。例如学生对海底世界“景色奇异、物产丰富”的理解;又如对海底小动物“窃窃私语”这个词的理解等,可以充分引导学生进行个性化研读,强化个性体验。
2、多样化地语言表达
语文课是师生个性自由驰骋的舞台,所以要鼓励学生进行多样化地表达,展示学生的个性。在阅读教学中,通过学生多样化的表达,开阔学生的视野。
例如学生对“大海深处是什么样”的汇报时,有的直接摘录了书上描写的原句来表达,有的加以概括列出几个关键词语,有的用图片等,学生在表达中思辨,在倾听中评判,不仅提高了语言运用能力,而且提高了搜集信息、处理信息等综合实践能力。
根据文本的特点、学生的个性发展需求以及设计理念,本节课教学思路为:
教师活动学生活动
创设情境观察,交流对话
引导探究自主探究,合作交流
引导表达读说写评
引导拓展搜集、处理信息
1、假期里,有些同学跟着爸爸妈妈游览过大海,欣赏了美丽的海水,海滩,不过,你知道大海深处是怎样的吗?现在,让老师带着你们一起乘潜水艇,到海底世界去看看那儿的奇异景色。(出示录像,并配乐朗读)
2、你知道大海深处是什么样的吗?
从哪些地方可以看出来?
(设计意图:通过录像展示海底世界的奇异景色,使学生产生身临其境之感,既加深了对海底世界的了解,又激发了学生学习课文、积累语言的兴趣。学生置身于这样一个特定的环境中,对具体情境的体验、领悟更深,认知和情感发展更协调。
情境的实质是人为优化了的环境,是促使儿童能动地活动其中的环境。这种充满美感和智慧的氛围,与儿童的情感、心理会发生共鸣而契合。它所关注的是儿童内心的自由、愉悦、释放、本真,追求的是儿童在课堂中的快乐生活。)
1、自由读课文第2~6自然段,填写表格。
2、小组交流,师巡回指导。
3、呈现探究成果。(出示一份中等学生的填写表格)
体味句子。(随机出示句子)
①“海底真是个景色奇异、物产丰富的世界。”
②“海面上波涛澎湃的时候,海底依然很宁静。”(“依然”是什么意思?用一个近义词表示,用这样近义词替换的方式,让学生从中理解大海很深很深、当海面波涛澎湃的时候,海底却同原来一样宁静。)
③海底有光吗?回答这一问题时教师读有关“光点”的句子,让学生从中找出重点词“却”,然后展开讨论:“却”在这句话中起什么作用?经过讨论让学生明白“却”在句中有转折连接的作用,说明黑中有亮。
④“海底的动物常常在窃窃私语。”
a、什么是“窃窃私语”?
b、听录音,听一听海底世界动物的窃窃私语。
c、作者这样描写有什么好处?
d、作者是怎样具体描写的?用“有的……有的……有的……”句式说一说。
e、海底的动物只有这几种声音吗?省略号在这里表示什么?
f、“它们吃东西的时候发出一种声音,行进的时候发出另一种声音,遇到危险还会发出警报。”这句话告诉我们什么?
⑤“海底的动物,已经知道的大约有三万多种,它们各有各的活动方法。”a、“已经知道”这四个字说明了什么?
b、出示填空练习。
________每小时只能前进四米。
________每小时能________,攻击其他动物的时候,比普通的火车还快。
________利用水的反推力________。
________自己不动,能________做免费的长途旅行。
c、填空后指读句子,体会作者用了哪些表现手法?这样写有什么好处?
⑥课文怎样介绍海底植物色彩的?指读有关句子,找出其中的连接词语。
⑦“陆地上蕴藏量很少的稀有金属。”课文中描写植物和矿产的时候,为什么只写这几种?
(设计意图:以问题引导探究,让学生在信息重组、比较分析、多向开放、合理想象、自由质疑的提问和情境中探究,为学生提供一个更开阔的、更活跃的探究平台。问题的解决,激起学生强烈的探究欲望,又能激起学生进一步深入阅读、不断钻研,在良性循环中,最终形成积极探究的心理倾向。)
随机点评:
你是怎么理解的?能说一说吗?
你还能用自己的语言来描述,真能干!
你和作者一样会观察、会分析!
他是读中有所发现的,你也能来有感情地读一读吗?(朗读指导)
你认为奇异在哪里?他提供的材料有什么不足?
鼓励多种表达:
还有与这份不一样的吗?再交流。
疏理学法:
引导学生归纳理解课文内容的方法。
(1)思——问题。
(2)画——重点句。
(3)找——重点词语。
(4)说——自己对内容的理解、感受。
(设计意图:自由宽松的语文课堂才会激起学生智慧的波澜。我们老师要允许学生用自己的眼睛观察,用自己的脑袋思考,用自己的嘴巴表达,获得自我满足。教学中要鼓励学生的思维自由驰骋纵横,充分展示了学生对文本的独特理解。在这儿,老师再也不是传统定义中的传道授业解惑的人了,更像一个专业的主持人。)
1、配乐有感情地朗读。
2、展开想象,练习说话、写话。
(1)海底世界景色奇异,物产丰富表现在哪些地方?你能用“有的……有的……还有的”或“有……有……还有”来说一说吗?
(2)仿写一段话:
海底的动物常常在窃窃私语,我们用水中听音器一听,就能听见各种声音,发挥你的想像,请你写一写。
(3)学习了这篇课文,我们了解到海底世界是如此美丽多彩,景色如此奇异,物产如此丰富。想象一下,假如你来到海底,你要做些什么?
(设计意图:活动是学生的潜能得以生发、表现的基础。学生有活动的时空、有选择的权利、有展示的舞台、就有了更多感知、观察、思考和探索的机遇,就有了更多表达情感的平台。在这儿,通过展开读、说、写、评等活动,充分地表达了学生从文本中体验到的情感。)
关于海底的奇异景色,你还想知道些什么?课外查寻、搜集相关的资料,请你来写一写《海底世界》。
(设计意图:联合学生从探究学习中得到的情绪体验的水平,通过课堂教学内容的有机延伸,使学生的情绪体验延伸整合,引领其向更远更辽阔的地步提拔,为学生打开更多实际生存天下的窗户,拓宽学生发挥各自才气的天地。课外阅读、社会观察、民间采风,便是对社会、对人生举行深入的体验感悟,从而建构起良好的语文配景。)
三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇四
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三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇五
(一)《可贵的沉默》一课讲的是:父母都知道孩子的生日并向他们祝贺,孩子们因此感到快乐;而知道父母生日的孩子只有几个,而没有一个孩子向父母祝贺生日的。老师抓住这一契机,引导孩子不但要接受爱,而且要回报爱。
(二)教学目标:
1、读懂得课文内容,学会感受父母对自己的爱,懂得关心父母,关心别人。
2、体会抓住人物的神态、动作进行生动描写的方法。
3、有感情地朗读课文。
(三)教学重点:理解学生的情绪变化,懂得关心别人。
(四)教学难点:体会沉默的可贵。
:质疑导向——探究体验——深化主题——
读写结合。
(一)质疑导向:
爱恩斯坦说过:“问题的提出往往比解答问题更重要”。由于课文的题目发人深省,是教给学生提问题方法的好时机。上课伊始,我首先让学生观察课文中的两幅插图,(因为这两幅插图中人物神情的对比强烈,体现了课文的主要内容。)并以小组合作的形式让学生概括出课文的主要内容。然后,利用课文中的泡泡“这‘极为珍贵的东西’会是什么呢?”意在引导学生在读文的过程中能够提出问题,在学习课文的过程中解决问题,培养学生边读书边思考的习惯。
(二)探究体验
《课标》明确指出:应让学生在主动思维和情感活动中,加深理解和体验,有所感悟和思考,受到情感熏陶,获得思想启迪,享受审美乐趣。为了让学生走进文本,强化体验,在理解课文内容时,我挖掘课文中可想象的空间,让学生展开想象,满足学生想象的欲望,激发学生的情感。首先品析关键词句,把学生带入课文描述的情景之中;(沉默前孩子们的表现)让学生从孩子们的动作、神态中体会他们当时的心情。如:异口同声、神气十足、兴奋、-----快乐的交谈。其次是结合插图,根据生活经验让学生想象当时的情景。(沉默时孩子们的表现)让学生找出描写此时课堂气氛的句子,引导学生结合生活经验想一想为什么大家都“沉默”了。对比后,孩子们感到惭愧。再次我出示课文中“我悄悄瞥了一下这些可爱的孩子们——他们的可爱之恰恰在那满脸犯了错误的神色之中”这段描述,让学生读后提出问题:“孩子们不知父母的生日为什么还说孩子们可爱呢?”引导学生结合生活实际去理解,并让学生想象一下孩子们此时 能想些什么呢?目的是让学生在想象中,体验中,从内心里产生要回报父母之爱的想法。这正是作者和我们要寻找的“极为珍贵的东西”。在探究体验中,学生走进了文本,在体验和感悟的基础上,让学生用朗读的形式抒发自己收费时的感受。
(三)深化主题
阅读教学中,采用“对话”教学,促进学生在学习过程中,知识的不断生成,促进了学生的发展。《课标》明确指出:阅读教学是学生、教师、文本之间的对话过程。教学实践证明,师生双方与文本对话的默契程度越深,师生之间的对话水平就 越高,课堂教学就有生机,充满活力。在这一教学环节时,我让学生回忆沉默前、沉默时孩子们的表现后,引导学生体会沉默后的热闹场面。师生共同走进文本,与文本对话。围绕课文中的话题或由文本生成出来的相关话题展开对话。在学习课文最后一自然段时,我设计了两个问题:(1)这一片沉默给了我多大的享受啊!这句话中的“我”指的是谁?(2)老师在这节课上获得的享受是什么?这两个问题就是围绕课文中的话题、由文本生成出来的相关话题展开对话的`。我想这样的对话拉近了文本与学生、教师与学生间的距离。在课堂的拓展延伸这一教学环节,我又设计了“亲爱的爸爸、妈妈我想对您说”这一话题,并配上了《烛光里的妈妈》这首歌来渲染气氛,让学生在音乐中写自己的心里话,而后让学生说出自己的心里话。学生在说的过程中,体现了生生对话,师生对话,师生与文本的对话,在对话过程中,学生感悟和体验到了爱的真谛。使学生知道了在享受爱的同时,要回报爱。这样的对话过程深化了课文的主题,提升了学生与作者的情感,升华了学生对父母的情感。从而使学生知道了这沉默的可贵之处。
(四)读写结合
本课的选材贴近学生的生活:一是以课进程为线索,
以师生交流为主要形式,以孩子们的情绪变化为描写的主要内容。二是用抓住人物质神态、动作、进行细致的描述来再现当时的场景。这样的特点恰好是对学生进行读写训练的好教材。因此,在板书设计上,我注重了以课文的线索为骨架,在学完课文后,利用总结板书来总结本课的写作方法。并让学生通过描写反映对父母爱的回报的具体事例运用课文中所学到的描写方法。做到读写结合,学以致用。
三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇六
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三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇七
《海底世界》是苏教版第六册的一篇说明文。简洁、生动的语言,清楚的条理,是这篇文章的特点。它从海底动物、海底植物和海底矿藏三方面介绍了海底的有关知识,激发了学生对大自然的热爱,和探索大自然奥秘的兴趣。
本文文质兼美,各自然段行文结构相似,特别是第三自然段是典型的围绕中心句展开叙述,是对学生进行习作训练的好教材。
针对三年级学生的实际情况和教材特点,我将教学目标定位在
1.知识目标:学会本课的生字,能理解词语的意思;认识一些海底生物,了解一些海洋知识。
2.能力目标:学会围绕中心写一段话。
3.情感目标:激发学生对大自然的热爱,和探索大自然奥妙的兴趣。
教学的重点是:引导学生认识海底生物的特点,了解海洋知识,感受到大自然的神奇。
教学的难点是:学会围绕中心写一段话。
教学课时:二课时。
现代教学论认为,教师的作用不单是“信息源”,更重要的是学生学习活动的调空器,教师应为学生的学习导向、导法、导练、导学,以民主的教风和循循善诱的技巧,把学生引到一种想学、爱学、会学的境地。为此,针对本教材的特点,我从情景教学入手,先从形式到内容,帮助学生理解课文,再从内容到形式,使学生学会如何用语言表达自己的思想。最终获得知识、情感和能力三丰收。本课的教学设计就体现出以下几个特点:
(一)注重情境的教学
情境教学法能牢牢把握和促进儿童发展的动因——情感,展开和推进教与学的双边活动,使教学收到最优化的效果。本教材是一篇适宜于进行情境教学的好文章,而且也只有通过情境教学,才能使学生感受到海底世界的奇妙,激发出他们探索大自然奥秘的兴趣。为此,我设计了以下几个情境教学的环节:
①以录象导入课文,教师又以带有启发性的问题,诱发学生学习课文,探索奥秘的兴趣。
②动画、声音的及时展示,再现了课文的情景,变具体为生动,变抽象为具体,让学生感到自己仿佛置身于海底世界,对大自然的喜爱得到了进一步的升华。
(二)注重学法的指导
成功的语文教学策略应该体现以学生为主,以自学为主,以训练为主,达到“教是为了不教”这一教学宗旨。因此,根据本教材的内容及其结构特点,我设计了一系列的学法指导训练环节:
①采用指导读第二自然段——师生共读第三自然段——独立学习第四自然段的迁移教学方式,使学生学习说明文“一找、二划、三读、四说”的阅读方式。
②对于长句的教学采用了“读范句——照句式写分句——连起来变长句”的训练方式。
③注意课堂上学法的及时梳理和小结,让学生明确并掌握学法的步骤。
(三)注重读写的结合
叶圣陶先生曾说过:“阅读是什么一回事?是吸收。……写作是什么一回事?是表达。……阅读和写作,吸收和表达,一个是进,从外到内,一个是出,从内到外。”这两者是紧密联系,相辅相承的。在学生理解了课文表达方法之后有针对性地设计一定量的片段练习,实现学写迁移,是提高学生写作能力的一种非常行之有效的方法。
在本课第三自然段的教学中,我先通过一找、二划、三读、四说,引导学生理解课文内容,明白后五句是围绕第一句“海底动物各有各的活动特点”来写的。然后再请同学们围绕“预防非典,大家各有各的办法。”写一段话,这样“就文取材”的说写训练,提高了阅读教学中写的密度和语言文字训练的强度,同时充分发挥了文本的作用,使其成为一种有效的作文教学途径。
(一)导入激趣。
①“海”,组词。
②你对海有什么了解?
同学们的知识真丰富。那你可知道,海底世界是什么样的吗?(播放录象)
今天就让我们跟着课文《海底世界》一起去游览一番。
(二)精读课文第二自然段。
①当海面上波涛汹涌的时候,海底……。再大的风浪,……。那么海底是否一点儿声音没有呢?
②你从哪儿知道的?
③是的,海底是有声音的,因为小动物们在……。窃窃私语是什么意思?你能用动作或一句话来解释一下么?你能用“窃窃私语”说一句话么?
④让我们带上特制的水中听音器听一听。你听到了什么声音?(导读)
⑤你为什么读得这么小声?
⑥其他同学你们也来试一试。自由朗读这一句。指名朗读。
⑦刚才同学们读的这些,都是写海底动物的什么呀?找找看,有哪些模仿声音的词?
⑧句子的最后用上省略号,说明什么?
⑨你猜一猜,海底动物还会发出哪些声音,用“有的像……一样……”的句式来说一说。
⑩请你把这些句子连成一段完整的话:“如果你用上特制的水中听音器,就能听到各种各样的声音:……”
(三)师生共读课文第三自然段。
过渡:多么可爱的海底动物,你认识他们么?
①观察插图,同座互相指一指你认识的海底生物。请同学上来介绍。
②那这些海底动物是怎样活动的呢?请同学们自由朗读课文第三自然段,想一想,它是围绕哪句话写的?
③默读课文,用“——”画出课文中介绍的海底动物。
④找出你喜欢的动物,读一读介绍它的句子,想一想它的活动特点是什么?(学生回答哪个动物,就出示哪个动物的动画)
⑤这一自然段通过六种动物的活动方式说明了海底动物各有各的活动特点。
⑥齐读课文第三自然段。
⑦请同学们围绕“预防非典,大家各有各的办法。”写一段话。
⑧想一想你可以写哪些人的方法。提示:医务人员……老师……同学们……
⑨总结学习方法:找中心句——划出围绕中心句写了哪几个方面——读句子——用自己的话说特点
(四)学生根据学习方法自学课文五自然段。
①学生自学
②集体交流,出示检测题:
a中心句是( )。
b从( )和( )两方面说明海底植物的差异很大。
c海底植物颜色的特点是( ),形态的特点是( )。
(五)师生共读第五自然段
①海底不仅是一个景色奇异的动植物公园,更是一个天然宝库。这里蕴藏着丰富的……
②学生可以自由补充自己知道的知识。
六、总结课文
海底有这么多可爱的动物,美丽的植物,还有这么丰富的矿物资源,海底真是个景色奇异、物产丰富的世界。其实我们人类对海洋的了解还只是冰山一角,包括人们对宇宙的了解也是如此,大自然里还有很多很多的奥秘等着我们小朋友去发现、去研究呢!
(七)板书设计
① 23 海底世界
景色奇异闪闪发亮
窃窃私语 美丽的世界
动物 多
物产丰富 植物 奇
矿物 丰
这个板书出现在第二课时,帮助学生总体把握课文结构。
② 海底动物 的 活动特点
海参 爬行缓慢
梭子鱼 游动快速
乌贼、章鱼 后退
贝类 自己不动
深水鱼 会发光
这个对应式板书在学习第三自然段时形成,能够帮助学生更好的理解课文,同时明白如何围绕中心写一段话。
三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇八
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三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇九
各位领导,各位老师:
大家好!我说课的内容是义务教育人教版小学语文三年级下册的第21课《荷花》(点)。下面我从教材和学生分析、教法和学法、教学目标和重难点、教学过程、板书设计以及教后小结等六个方面作简要的说明。(点)
《荷花》是人教版小学语文第六册第六单元的第一篇课文,是叶圣陶先生的作品。写了“我”在公园的荷花池边观赏荷花并展开想象的事,赞美了荷花婀娜多姿、生机盎然的美,表达了作者热爱大自然的思想感情。课文作者因景入情,以情观景,情景交融,不仅写出了荷花的丰姿,而且写出了荷花的神韵,使读者既赏心悦目,又有身临其境的感觉。让学生随着教学过程的推 进,入情、动情、抒情、移情。课堂教学以情感为纽带,变得更富诱惑力,使学生的好学精神得到培养,促使学生在好学、乐学中逐渐懂得爱,懂得热爱崇高,追求美好。这对于三年级的孩子来说,具有独特的吸引力。(点)我所教的三年级的孩子们思维活跃,接受新事物较快,但由于生活在城镇,对荷花了解甚少。正是考虑到这个特殊原因,在本课的教学中,我巧妙地运用多媒体技术引导学生认识和欣赏荷花那不同寻常的美。 (点)
教法:
1、采用情境教学法,使学生感觉如临其境,易于理解。
2、直观教学法:通过多媒体的直观演示,激发学生学习课文的兴趣,突破教学难点。
3、以读代讲法。教学时让学生通过各种形式的读,读中理解,读中体会。
(点)
学法:
1、遵循以学生为主体,教师为主导,训练为主线的“三为主”原则,学生采用:看、听、读、品的方法学习。
2、采用探究性学习方法,使学生在阅读后自主探究合作。(点)
根据学生和教材特点,确定教学目标:
l、学习本课的生字和由生字组成的新词 ;
2、通过观察画面、创设情景、深入感知课文,欣赏荷花的美丽,培养学生的审美情趣和热爱大自然的思想感情 ;
3、有感情地朗读课文; 背诵课文。
4、学习作者观察事物、展开合理想象的方法。
本课的教学重难点是:在信息技术环境下有机整合语文教学,将课文重点部分的文字形象化、音效化,促进学生借助多媒体自主、个性化的阅读。从而达到感受荷花之美,培养学生审美情趣和热爱大自然的情感这样的教学目标。
(三)教学准备:cai课件、贯穿课堂始终的音乐素材 。(点)
根据教学目标和重难点的设定,我把荷花第二课时的教学设定为四大环节:
(一)录象引入,整体感知 (在初读课文和激发动机中——入情)
叶圣陶先生说:“入境始于亲。”新课开始,教师要让孩子情感的河水荡漾起来,使他们对新课的学习,形成一种期盼的欲望,关注的心理。为此,我设计了如下环节来导入新课:今天,我们先来个谜语“开在炎炎烈日下,长在清清碧波中,身陷污泥心地洁,芳香扑鼻醉人心。” 这么美的荷花,大家喜欢吗?让我们一起来欣赏。(点)我利用多媒体创设情景,把孩子们带到荷花池。如此激情导入新课,学生的听觉、视觉、思维、想象,“多频道”运作,情绪一下子被调动起来了,形成了“未成曲调先有情”的良好的课堂基调。教学也因为学生的入情,而进入了积极的状态。(点)
(二)直奔重点,品味美丽 (在感受课文描写的形象中——动情)
在欣赏画面以后,我将以“作者是怎样把看到的美景写下来的呢?”的这一过渡语让孩子直接去学课文的二、三自然段。
由于学生的个性品质存在着诸多差异,同一种方法不一定适合每一个学生。因此,我提供三种方法让学生选择:(朗读法、画图法、讨论法)朗读法:用感情朗读表达出你体会到的美;画图法:用五彩的笔描绘美丽的荷花;讨论法:用语言和伙伴交流学习体会。学生根据自己的爱好和特长自由组合进行自主、合作、探究学习。这样设计教学,将使学生的自主性真正加强,学生的头脑不再是储藏知识的容器,而是被点燃的火把,闪出智慧的光芒和个性的亮点。
在学习后交流学习体会时,交流的方法是:找出自己觉得美的句子,说说美在哪里,能讲出理由更好。(点)借助图画,通过自主学习,孩子们一定能大胆地、自由地表达自己的观点:从“挨挨挤挤”体会荷叶的茂盛之美;从“碧绿、嫩黄”体会颜色之美;从“冒、饱胀、破裂”体会荷花的长势之美;从“有的……有的……有的……”体会一池荷花千姿百态的美。
1、 在引导学生提出“冒”字后,我将采用以下步骤让学生深刻理解“冒”
(1) 换词体会“冒”的妙处;
(2) 读课文体会怎样长才叫“冒”,选一个喜欢的词填到这句话中,大声朗读、用心体会是不是这种味道?这样引导学生从不同角度、不同层面解读“冒”,是对“冒”字内涵的领悟。
三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇十
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三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇十一
《 山村的早晨》是一篇诗歌,描写了山村早晨的美丽景象,表达了作者对山村早晨的喜爱之情。优美、流畅的语言,严谨的结构,清楚的条理,又饱含着深情,是这篇课文的特点。教学中应引领学生走进其中去解读,去品味,去领悟,去熏陶。
针对学生实际和本课的教材特点,我确立了如下教学目标:
1、有感情地朗读课文,品味、积累文章中的优美的语句。
2、读懂课文,想象画面,完成读、说、写有机结合。
3、在美的感受中陶冶情感,体会山村早晨的美丽景色。
引导学生边读边想象画面,体会山村早晨的美丽。完成读说写有机结合
学生是学习和发展的主体,语文教学要关注学生的个体差异和不同的学习需求,爱护学生的好奇心、求知欲,充分激发学生的主动意识和进取精神。因此,将教学方法确定为促进学生自主、合作、探究性学习的“情境教学法”和“以读代讲法”。教学中充分利用多媒体直观教学手段,创设情境,极力烘托情感,让孩子们在研讨、合 作、反复朗读中感受早晨的美丽与希望,真正做到“以读为本,关注人文”。
根据教材内容和学生的年龄特点、兴趣爱好及认知水平,运用合作探究、品读感悟的方法学习课文,让学生在读、思、议、写中体会文章所表达的情感,使其在乐于参与的情境中主动、自主、合作学习。
本课采用两课时教学,如下是第二课时的教学过程:
(播放课件:欣赏山村早晨)能说说你看完画面的感受吗?而后,引用古代诗人邵 雍 的诗自然的转到:“那么现代诗人盖尚铎笔下的山村的早晨又是怎样一番景象呢?”一句 话,拉近了孩子们与课文的情感距离,为后面各环节的教学作好了情感铺垫。 2、再读课文,边读边想。
学贵有疑,有了“解疑”的兴趣、动机,才能产生主动探究的愿望,才能让学生积极主动的去思考,去实践。因此,在学生自由读完课文后,引导他们想一想:“你觉得山村的早晨是什么样子的?”鼓励学生到课文中去寻找答案,从而找到本文的中心词“美丽、宁静、充 满 希望” ( 阅读是学生个性化的行为,不应以教师的分析代替学生的阅读实践,应该让学生在主动积极的思维和情感活动中加深理解和体验。所以在这一步骤重点指导学生通过多种形式的朗读来理解课文内容。)
三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇十二
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三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇十四
各位老师:
下午好,今天我说课的内容是《翠鸟》
新课程标准指出:阅读是学生的个性化行为,不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践,应让学生在主动积极的思维和情感活动中,加深理解和体验,有所感悟和思考,受到情感的熏陶,获思维的启迪,享受审美的乐趣,所以本课以摒弃琐碎的分析讲解,引领孩子入情入趣朗读课文,在课堂教学中创造一种轻松、和谐、风趣、愉快的课堂气氛作为本课教学的根本出发点,让学生在这种活泼的氛围中努力学习和探求,培养语文情趣,让学生真正懂得文章的“情”在哪里,“趣”在何处。我准备从以下五个方面谈谈本课的教学。
《翠鸟》是六年制第六册第四单元组的一篇精读课文,本组课文的训练重点是在理解课文内容的同时,要注意体会课文表达的情感。
本文作者重点介绍了翠鸟的外形特点和它捉鱼时灵敏、神速的动作,表达了作者对翠鸟的喜爱之情。
本课的编排意图一是让学生感受、体验作者是怎样抓住事物的特点进行观察的;二是体会课文中关词句在表达情意上的作用;三是培养学生爱护鸟类的意识。
从新课程目标建构的三个维度出发,我把本课的目标定为:
1、认识本课11个生字,会写13个生字,联系语境理解“清脆、疾飞、锐利”等词的意思。
2、自主学习、潜心会文,学习作者抓住事物特点观察、描写的方法,体会用词的贴切、生动,养成积累好词佳句的习惯。
3、静心涵咏,读中悟情,感受作者对翠鸟的喜爱之情,增强学生保护野生动物,与动物和谐相处的意识。
4、有感情地朗读课文,读中表达对翠鸟的喜爱!
以上目标着力反映了知识与能力,强调过程与方法,同时也注重了文本的价值取向,能较好地反映语文教学的基本特点。
本课的教学重点在写翠鸟外形特点和对捉鱼的动作描写。难点是以以便翠鸟的外形特点和翠鸟的捉鱼本领之间的关系。
三年级的孩子纯真而富有爱心,特别喜欢小动物,可以预见对学习本文将会有较浓厚的兴趣。但他们活泼好动,精神不易集中,对单纯的解读文本有一定困难,故教学设计一定要注意直观与趣味性。
1、 创设情境法
情境应贯穿整个课堂教学,本课顺应学生心理,创设情境,建立课文的内含情感与学生情趣的联系,激发学生情感。如,通过播放翠鸟捉鱼的教学录像,运用有形、有声、有情的情境,让学生进入课文,直观感受翠鸟捉鱼的动作敏捷,调动学习积极性,这样能比校直观地理解词语的含义,变抽象为具体,当学生感悟了词语和句子的含义后,自然地生成了情感。
2、 朗读感悟法
朗读是语文阅读教学的主要方面,在整堂课中,把朗读贯穿在整节课的始终,运用多种方式的读。个别读、小组读、齐读、师生赛读、引读、评读等,让学生在读中进入课文意境,在读中意会,读中感悟、读中培养语感,读中积累语言。
此外,还采用了游戏激趣等方法。
1 培养自学能力 学会借助拼音读通课文,联系上下文理解词语,能根据课文内容疑问难,读活课文。
2 训练观察方法 学习抓住事物人特点进行观察,以画促悟,培养学生按顺序观察的能力
3 掌握读段方法 段的训练是中年级的训练重点,学生要学会读懂一个自然段,在词句的基础上,理解整个自然段讲了什么。
为了落实教学目标,我将安排两课时来组织本课的教学:第一课时:初读课文、学习字词、了解大意,并学习翠鸟的外形特点。
第二课时:深入探究、深受翠鸟的可爱,体会独特的表达方法。
(一)、赏图激趣,引出课题,探究“翠”之所在。
教学伊始,展示一组翠鸟的图片,那斑斓的色彩,那俏丽的体态,如一块巨大的磁石,吸住了学生的心。激起学生的学习热情。
接着我以这一“翠”字做探究点,引导学生讨论思考:“翠是什么意思?你是怎么弄懂这个字的意思的?”学生可能会回答是通过看图弄懂的,也可能是通过读课文弄懂的,或者是通过问别人弄懂的,无论作何回答,我都会加以肯定,让学生懂得这些就是获取知识的好途径、好办法。
(二)、熟读文本,感受鸟美、文美。
1、录音范读:
本班学生朗读水平比较薄弱,有相当一部分学生阅读课文有困难,故我决定利用录音范读,降低学生自主阅读的难度,同时训练学生听的能力,并让学生先从听觉上感受文章的美。
2、自读课文,自学生字词。
对三年级的学生来说,已有一定的自学生字的能力,对自读课文这个学习任务,自主学习是可行的,教师起的是帮导的作用。
3、细读课文,感悟鸟美、文美。
自学生字后,我进一步鼓励学生自学课文:把课文读上两三遍,边读边想:你读懂了什么?并在有深刻感受的地方写上批注。这样,就给学生提供了一个与文本直接对话的时间和空间,让学生的心智在灵动的文字与美丽的情感中恣意徜徉。然后,我安排四人小组进行学后交流,让学生学会从他人处获取知识与经验,同时也起到帮助学困生读懂课文的作用。
在学生汇报学习成果时,我引导学生寻找支持自己意见的依据,并引入到相应的段落或句子,进行品词品句的训练,引导学生谈个人对文句的理解和感受,鼓励学生通过朗读来表达自己的情感。这个环节,我准备了可灵活切换的课件,以增强学习的直观性和趣味性,帮助学生更好地理解文句,深入感受鸟之美、文之美。
新课标中指出,阅读是学生的个性化行为,不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践。要珍视学生独特的感受、体验和理解。所以,在评价学生的阅读时,我尊重学生的感受和理解,不居高临下的把自己的意见强加给学生,让学生的个性充分张扬。
(三)、竞读、展示读。
我组织学生开展竞读或展示读活动,在进一步品读课文的同时,培养学生敢于展示自我、乐于与他人分享成功快乐的品质。
(四)、角色体会,培养爱鸟、与动物和谐相处的意识和感情。
学生扮演翠鸟,教师以记者的身份对翠鸟们进行采访。我设计了下面的采访问题:
(1)、翠鸟们,你们长得真漂亮啊,能否自我介绍啊?
(2)、你们叼鱼的本领很高,谁来说说你们是怎么叼鱼的?
(3)、你们还想向我介绍些什么呢?
(4)你们对我们人类还有什么要求吗?
前两个问题的设计意图在于引导学生回顾文本,加深学生对课文的理解和体会,并训练学生用自己的话改述课文的能力。
第三个问题的设计目的在于拓展学生的思维,引导学生说说课本中没讲到的,自己懂得的有关翠鸟的知识,让学生感受课外学习与积累带来的好处。
第四个问题通过学生与鸟换位的思考,让学生以翠鸟的视角审视现状中人和动物的关系,内化地衍生出爱鸟、爱自然万物、与动物和谐相处的意识和感情。
(五)、换位研讨,领会写法。
本文的写作特点十分鲜明,但对初学写作的三年级学生来说,写作方法是十分抽象的概念。因此,我采取与学生换位的办法,把学生推到自主研究的地位。
我设计了这样的请求:我要写一篇介绍鹦鹉的文章投到报社发表,我的文章该怎么写才写得生动吸引人呢?请大家一翠鸟为例帮帮我好吗?
(六)、拓展探究,激发求知欲和创造欲。
课内的学习是有限的,而课外的知识却是无限的,生活处处皆语文。所以,在学完本课后,我引导学生的思维从文本中走出去,到更广袤的课外领域。设计下面的作业。
作业:
1、把你喜欢的好词佳句摘抄下来。
2、回家留心观察一种小动物,把你对它的认识以日记的形式写下来。
翠鸟
外形——动作
抓住特点写具体
本板书既简洁明了,又提纲挈领,既概括了文章主要内容,又突出了课文的重难点,一目了然。
总评:本课教学以新课程标准为指导,遵循儿童身心发展规律,重视培养学生的读书能力,以人为本。
(1)按照“读书内化”的认知规律设计教学方法,引导学生学翠鸟叫,学翠鸟说话,画翠鸟,让翠鸟唱人类的歌曲,读他们的文章,所有这些万变不离其“读”,以读为本,以画、说、演等促读。整个教学过程体现了“以读促问,以读导悟,以悟促读的教学策略。
(2)真正将学生放在了主体的地位,质疑问难的安排,采访练说的训练,各个教学都是以人为本的。
三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇十五
1、教材理解:
《小珊迪》讲述的是一个发生在爱丁堡的故事:卖火柴的小男孩——小珊迪为了归还四个需要找还的便士,被一辆马车轧断了双腿,但他仍然吩咐他的弟弟到旅馆给先生还钱,临时前挂念的仍然是他弟弟今后的生活。那位买火柴的先生被感动了,答应小珊迪永远照顾他的弟弟。小珊迪怀着感激死了。
全文语言平实,却闪现着作者对小珊迪的无比同情和深深的敬意,充盈着诚信的精神光辉。《小珊迪》一课讲述的故事年代久远,并且远离学生的现实生活。人教社选择这一课大概并不是想通过它来揭示资本主义社会的罪恶,毕竟离学生的现实生活太遥远了。那么它的现实意义何在?我想,这篇课文打动我们的不是文章的语言和写法,而是小珊迪贫困的处境、是小珊迪为生计而乞求叫卖的形象、是小珊迪人穷志不穷的骨气、是小珊迪诚实守信的高尚品质。而这正是这个社会所需要的做人的品质,也正是本文独特的人文价值之所在。
2、教学目标:
知识目标:了解课文按事情发展顺序叙述的特点,理解课文内容。
能力目标:通过有感情的朗读、感悟和交流,培养学生自读自悟、合作探究的能力。
德育目标:学习小珊迪诚实、善良的品质,珍惜今天的幸福生活。
内容安排:
第一课时:带着学生整体感知课文,以读为本,让学生在读中悟情。重点落实能力目标和德育目标。
第二课时:引导学生继续学习课文,了解叙述顺序,并沿着文中的“我”的感情的变化深入到语言文字中去研读,进一步落实教学目标。(本设计为第一课时教案)
3、教学重难点
重难点:激发学生的情感,有感情地朗读课文,并从中学习小珊迪诚实、善良的品质。
创新点:在小珊迪受伤,七个便士不知去向的时候,引导学生进行创造性想象。
本节课的教学流程为四部分“谈话导入____整体感知____研读悟情____小结全文”
(具体见教案)
遵循我校的十六字教学原则,即“自主学习、主动探究、合作协商、交流评价”,从整体感知课文入手,以读为本,在读中理解,在读中感悟,在读中怡情。
语文课上最动听的声音便是书声!朗读是唯一不可替代的融通语言和精神的言语学习方法。在琅琅书声中,学生用心灵去拥抱语言,与作者的心灵直接交流,在思维和情感的强烈震撼中领会作者伟大的人格、深邃的思想和美好的情操;在琅琅书声中,学生不仅能够感受和再现作品的情思美感,还能体验语言的节奏感、音韵感。
在我校的十六字教学原则中有一条是“主动探究”。具有探究品质,是创新型人才的本质特征之一。促进学生探究能力的发展,是教育创新不容忽视的价值取向。语文,作为中华民族的母语,其学习有着深厚的探究基础和广阔的实践空间。在课程改革如火如荼的今天,探究性学习作为一种新的学习方式,越来越得到大家的认同。在语文教学中,一句话该怎么读,一个词语是什么意思等等,都在探究之内。现在,我就以《小珊迪》一课为例谈谈在小学语文教学中进行探究性学习的尝试。
探究性学习的本质是师生之间形成这样一种特定关系:教师提出一系列问题,并由此诱导学生做出探究的反应,发展有益于探究活动进行的情感氛围,为学生提供契机。学生通过探究性思考,达到发现问题、获取知识的目的。
本课的教学以“你仿佛看到了一个什么样的小珊迪?”为探究点,以这一个大问题板块的学习直接而高效地与文本对话,落实探究过程。又以“你想研究哪一方面?找出课文最打动你心灵的地方”,引导学生进行深入地探究活动,学生在这一探究活动中,与语言文字亲密接触,激发起学生内心深处的情感。
情感是人的精神的内核。情感是文章的灵魂。体验作者的情感,品赏、运用作者表情达意的语言,是提高学生言语水平的需要,也是陶冶学生情操,提升学生精神的需要。我在《小珊迪》一课的教学中,紧紧抓住情感这条主线,通过动情的朗读,使学生通过对语言文字的感知,把言语对象转换成鲜活的形象。采用生生互读,师生互读等各种形式,以期引起认知的共识、情感的共鸣、心灵的共振。这一课的教学设计,是想通过扎扎实实的读书,深深切切的感受,让可怜、善良、诚实、守信的小珊迪的形象深入学生心中,使人文性和工具性相辅相成,相映生辉。
《语文课程标准》中指出:工具性与人文性的统一,是语文课程的基本特点。的确,语文的工具性,只有与人文性统一,它才能焕发出强大的生命力;语文的人文性,只有以工具性为基础,它才能成为有源之水,有本之木,才能真正发挥语文育人的个性特色。探究性学习毕竟是一种学习方式,然而,语文课毕竟姓“语”,我们语文老师应把培养学生丰富的语感,发展学生的人文素养作为己任。
语文教学中提倡学生探究性学习,我认为听说读写还应该有机结合,扎实训练。
本节课采用电教手段,用实物投影展示学生自学生字情况,用幻灯的形式导入新课,配上音乐,以起到渲染气氛、创设情境的作用。
以上是我对《小珊迪》一课的设想及探究性学习的一点粗浅的认识,有不当之处,请领导批评指正。
三年级下册语文说课稿燕子篇十六
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