每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文,仅供参考,一起来看看吧
颐和园导游词300字篇一
大家请看,我们已经进了颐和园大门,出现在我们眼前的就是有名的长廊,大家猜这条长廊有多长?猜不到了吧,这长廊有七百多米长呢!
我们已经走在长廊上了,让我给大家讲讲“颐和园”这个名字的来由吧!在古代,清乾隆年间,颐和园不叫颐和园,而叫清漪园,是一个皇家园林。在清咸丰十年的时候,清漪园被英法联军抢了园里的珍宝,清漪园里的建筑大部分被烧,清漪园变成了一片废墟。清漪园消失后,清朝的慈禧太后为了自己享乐,竟挪用了三千万两海军的白银经费,重建此园,并把园名改成颐和园。慈禧太后用颐和作为园名,是为了能养好自己的身体,因为颐和二字是保养身体健康。
我们已经走完了长廊,请大家抬头看一看,那座山就是万寿山。上面的八角宝塔形的三层建筑就是佛香阁,等一会儿大家可以去拜一拜,而下面的成排的宫殿,就是排云殿。
现在我们所在的地点是昆明湖上的石桥,它通向湖心岛,大家可以看以,石桥的桥栏杆上有上百根石柱,柱子上的小形石狮子有几千只,却没哪有两只是相同的。
大家可以自由活动了,我给大家几个提示,请不要在地上扔拉圾、叶痰,不要破坏公物、植物,带好自己的孩子和随身品,祝大家玩得形心,明天在石桥上集合,再见。
颐和园导游词300字篇二
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颐和园导游词300字篇三
尊敬的游客朋友们:
大家好!我是你们今天的导游。我姓杨,大家叫我杨导就可以了。今天由我带领大家到皇家陵园颐和园参观。请大家注意以下的几则要求:不要乱扔垃圾,不要破坏文化遗产。现在大家紧跟我,不要掉队。希望你们开开心心的度过这美好的一天。
导游带你们走进了颐和园的大门,不一会儿就来到了有名的长廊,这条长廊共有七百多米长,这条长廊一共有二百三十七个房间,每个房间都有五彩缤纷的画,画上有人、花、草、动物等美图。这二百三十七间房里的画都各不相同有各自的风采。长廊的两旁,栽满了各类花朵,一种还没凋谢,另一种花又开了。整个公园一年到头都有鲜花盛开。
现在我们来到了万寿山脚下,抬头一看,有一座八角宝塔形的宫殿,那就是佛香阁,佛香阁的下面有一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿,叫排云殿。
我们登上了万寿山,颐和园的景色大半收在眼底,一览无余。茂盛的树林,平静的昆明湖像一面镜子,绿的像一块碧玉,画舫在湖面上慢慢地游过,我们从山顶上远眺隐隐约约可以看见几座古塔。
我们从万寿山下来,就看见了昆明湖,昆明湖的堤岸是是几座式样不同的石桥,桥有十七个桥洞,所以又叫十七孔桥。湖中心有座小岛,走进长长的石桥,就可以来到湖中心的小岛,桥上有上百根柱子,每根柱子上都有一只栩栩如生的小石狮子,每根柱子上的石狮子没有哪两只是相同的,都形态各异。
观赏的时间结束了,现在是大家的自由活动时间,大家去尽情地游览吧。一小时后到湖中心的小岛集合,我们不见不散。
颐和园导游词300字篇四
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颐和园导游词300字篇五
各位朋友:
现在我为大家介绍一下颐和园,颐和园是世界上现存规模最大的皇家园林。始建于金代,位于北京西北郊,距市区15公里,占地面积290公顷。景区主要由昆明湖和万寿山两大部分组成,其中水域面积占全园的3/4。整个园林分为三个功能不同的区域,即以仁寿殿为中心的区;以玉澜堂、宜芸馆及乐寿堂为中心的生活区;以长廊、昆明湖、苏州街等为主体的游览区。颐和园将全国的美景及著名建筑融为一体,集南北造园艺术之大成,达到虽为人做,苑如天成的艺术效果。
早在金代的时候,这处园林既不叫颐和园,也没有这么美,只是一处帝王游猎的天然园囿,当时的山叫金山,上面建有金山行宫,水域叫金海。元代改山为瓮山,水域为瓮山泊。明代时这一组山水被称为好山园,已经出现了十里青山行画里、双飞白鸟似江南的美景。清代是它的全盛时期,乾隆皇帝为了给其母庆贺六十大寿,不仅拓展湖面,又在山前、山后修建了不少建筑,特别是长廊的修建更是神来之笔。乾隆皇帝把昆明湖挖成寿桃形,寓意向其母献寿,又把瓮山改名为万寿山,并把此处园林称为清漪园。
凡事有兴必有衰,1860年,英法联军入京,将清漪园、圆明园在内的三山五园烧成一片焦土。1885年,慈禧太后挪用海军军费重修园林,并改名为颐和园,取颐养冲和之意。但好景不长,1900年八国联军又一次将颐和园付之一炬,慈禧太后于1903年再次重建,由于财力有限,只恢复了万寿山前的景观。解放后,多次对园林进行修缮、保护,颐和园又恢复了往日的风采。1998年教科文组织将其列入了《世界文化遗产目录》,现在我们去参观一下仁寿殿。
各位,这是仁寿门,门口有两块太湖石,人称猪猴石,据说是孙悟空和猪八戒被派到这里来为皇家看家护院。走进人寿门,看到的并不是仁寿殿,迎面是一块高大的太湖石,它是起到一个障景的作用。这是我国古典园林中造景的方法之一,其目的是起到屏风的作用,避免院内景物一览无余,失去含蓄之感。刚才我们讲过了,颐和园是集南北园林之大成,故又是中国古典园林的典范之作,多次、多处成功地运用了各种造景方法,待会儿我再一一向各位介绍,请各位先随我来。
(仁寿殿院内东南角松树下)
刚才我们看到了门口的那块太湖石,现在请各位再看看院内四周,这里还有四块太湖石,为什么要在这里放些奇形怪状的所谓太湖石呢?首先我先告诉大家何为太湖石。说起太湖石,大家应该不陌生,在很多园林内都有,它们看起来奇形怪状,满身是洞,或堆成假山或装点景致,只是不太知道它们的名字罢了。其实,太湖石是产自于江苏无锡的太湖湖底,因其相貌奇特,有透、瘦、皱、漏之称,而且产量又少,故被皇家选为稀罕物运来放在园林内起装饰作用。有些太湖石天生酷似某些人物、动物或祥瑞之物,就更成了人们收藏、寄与某种美好象征的尤物。
还记得门口的那块太湖石吧,从背后看去,没什么奇特之处,但要从正面看上去,你便会拍手叫绝,因为这块太湖石就像是一个老寿星,面向仁寿殿,给慈禧太后祝呢,您看像不像?另外四块太湖石根据其形状,象征一年四季之春华、秋实、冬枯、夏荣,这四季石与老寿星被称为峰虚五老,象征长寿之意。
再看看院中的这只铜铸的怪兽,人称四不象,你看它鹿角、龙头、狮尾、牛蹄,别看它长相怪异,可是本领高强,能避火,又是一种仁义之兽,既是仁兽,故在仁寿殿前,真是找对了地方!您也许会问,刚才你说真是找对了地方,莫非这四不象原来不在此处?您说的不错,四不象原有一对,是乾隆年间铸造的,原来放在圆明园,1860年英法联军在火烧圆明园时,另一只被侵略军所毁,真是令人惋惜。
在大殿前还陈列着铜制的龙、凤、香炉、太平缸等。特别是龙凤的位置与其它地方的陈设位置不一样。在古代帝王的宫殿、园林内的龙凤等吉祥物,其陈列方式应该是龙在上,凤在下;龙在内,凤在外。在这里却成了凤在、龙陪两旁的格局,是哪个大胆之人所为?不是别人,就是在这座大殿内垂帘听政、发号施令的女主人慈禧皇太后,好象在向人们说:谁说女子不如男?
(在仁寿殿的中间靠左的位置)
这座大殿叫仁寿殿,是帝后们夏天到这里来避暑时,临时处理政事的地方,其功能相当于故宫的乾清宫,等级相当于故宫的太和殿。这一区域就是我们在前面所说的颐和园内三大区域之一的活动区。在清代的每一处园林内,都设有一座处理朝政的大殿,一般称为勤政殿,以示皇帝在休假娱乐时也不会疏于国事,以示勤政,其实,只不过是懒得跑回故宫处理朝政而已。清末,慈禧手握大清大权,在故宫养心殿及颐和园勤政殿垂帘听政。天下凡是大权在握的人,通常都不想死,都希望长生不老,故大权在握的慈禧太后便将勤政殿改为仁寿殿取自于《论语》中的仁者寿,即施仁政者能长寿的意思。
在大殿内的后壁上,悬挂着寿协仁符的大匾,殿内设九龙宝座,御案及众多装饰物。值的一提的有两处陈设。首先请各位看一看正对面的大水银镜,上面有不同字体的寿字,共226个,取寿字之多的意思。在镜子的左侧的一辐画卷上有一个很大的寿字,背景里有100只蝙蝠,取意百福捧寿。这100只蝙蝠与镜子上的226个寿字寓意为多福(蝙蝠)多寿(寿字)真可谓是用心良苦,那么慈禧太后到底是否长命百岁了呢?慈禧太后一直活到了73岁。有句古话叫人活七十古来稀,现在活到七十不足为怪,但在当时活七十多岁不能不说是位长寿之人。是不是那些福字呀寿字呀保佑了老佛爷呢?当然不是,这是与老佛爷的饮食起居有规律及日常保养是分不开的。人吃五谷杂粮,谁能没病?天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福,谁能没灾?不过,慈禧太后不怕生病。她说有病有灾我能挺,因为我有延年井。据说呀,喝延年井的水便是老佛爷长寿的秘诀之一。那么大家想不想看一看延年井沾沾仙气?好!各位随我来,我们一起去参观延年井。(在延年井旁)
各位,这就是延年井,据说有一年慈禧中了暑,久治不愈。一天睡午觉时梦到了一口井,便派人来挖,果然挖出一口井。慈禧太后取水喝了一碗,暑气顿消,精神气爽,非常高兴,便封其为延年井。以后慈禧太后经常饮用此水,并用此水沏茶,称为延年井水沏杯茶,气得大夫满街爬。其实,这口延年井的井水为优质矿泉水,确实有利于人体健康。慈禧对这口井的感情胜过金银珠宝。1900年八国联军打进北京,慈禧太后从紫禁城跑到颐和园,金银珠宝丝毫未取,只是特意来喝了一碗延年井水,然后就背井离乡,带上光绪皇帝匆匆西行了
好了,讲完了活动区,现在我们要去帝后生活区参观一下,首先我们去看一看光绪皇帝在园中居住的地方玉澜堂,请大家跟我来。
(在仁寿殿后的假山旁)
走到这里,也许有些人已经不耐烦了,会问导游,您说过颐和园又大又美,3/4都是水,可我们进来以后确是什么门呀,石头呀,大殿,假山呀,水呢?为什么不带我们去看?大家别急,如果进门就是水,您是否会觉得太直截了当了,就会觉得不够深度。其实,这又是一种造园方法,叫抑景。所谓抑景就是先抑后扬,即当各位感到山穷水尽疑无路之际,便是最想看到柳暗花明又一村之时。这里看起来曲径通幽,其实,您再往前走几步,就可以体会到柳暗花明的感觉啦!不信,请各位走走看。各位!现在是否有一种湖光山色尽收眼底之喜悦感?俗话说,冰冻三尺非一日之寒,故精美园林非一日之建。咱们在前面已经讲过,早在金代,这里便是帝王们游猎的场所,当时的万寿山被称为金山,山上,建有金山行宫,供金代帝王游猎时临时过夜居住。山下的水域在当时称为金海湖。元代改金山为瓮山,据说是有一老瓮在山上挖出石瓮而闻名,山下的水域被称为瓮山泊。明代曾把这一组山水称为好山园,并在瓮山南坡建园静寺,改瓮山泊为西湖,当时的景色已经出现了西湖十景。特别是到了清代,盛世国君乾隆皇帝为了给他母亲庆祝60大寿,在此大兴土木,在瓮山的南坡增建了以排云门至佛香阁的中轴建筑群,把这组建筑做为生日礼物送给她的母亲,以示孝顺。乾隆皇帝还将瓮山改为万寿山,既然山改名了,水自然也要改名,叫什么呢?据说当年汉武帝曾在都城长安挖昆明池操练水军,于是乾隆皇帝效仿先贤,将万寿山下水域挖深,而且拓宽湖面,为日后训练水军之用。工程结束后将这片水域更名为昆明湖。现在请大家随我去知春亭,那里是观赏颐和园全景的最佳位置。我将为大家介绍一下昆明湖东岸的重要景观及建筑。
(在知春亭外)
这里是观赏颐和园全景的最好的地方,为何称之为知春亭呢?大家都知道春江水暖鸭先知的说法吧?但这里不养鸭,怎么才能知道春天的来临呢?我们的方法是望柳而知春。大家看,这里遍植桃柳,每当春天来临,此处是最先柳绿花红,向人们报春,故名知春亭。放眼望去,远处群山起伏,古塔耸立,现在我来问一问大家,远处的这座古塔是在颐和园园内呢,还在园外?远处的山叫玉泉山,盛产优质矿泉水,是专供紫禁城内的皇帝及后妃们饮用的。
远处的古塔叫玉泉山塔,看着在园内,其实是在园外的玉泉山,这种把别处的景色,借来一用的造园方法,称为借景。
再看看我们左前方的那个小的岛屿,它叫南湖岛它的南面有三个小岛凤凰墩、治镜阁和藻鉴堂,象征东海三仙山的蓬莱、方丈和瀛州,它与万寿山遥遥相对,这种造园方法叫对景。
连接南湖岛与东岸陆地的桥叫十七孔桥,是仿北京著名的卢沟桥而建,为何要在这里仿卢沟桥建一座十七孔桥呢?这得从乾隆皇帝说起。
乾隆皇帝虽为一代明君,但也是一位好大喜功的帝王。他在下江南的游历中对江南的景色及建筑都非常喜欢,因此产生一个念头,何不将天下美景尽绘长廊之内,将天下精美建筑集于颐和园当中,于是颐和园中便出现了黄鹤楼、岳阳楼、卢沟桥等景致。乾隆皇帝还想留住杭州和苏州的景色,于是,又仿杭州的苏堤在颐和园内建西堤,西堤上又建6座桥用以增色,而且还消除了由于西侧建筑少而产生的空旷感,起到了造园方法上添景的作用。
此外还有万寿山后建苏州街,整条街再现苏州水乡的美景,这样一来,足不出京,就可遍游江南秀色,虽然造景花点钱,但节省了一次次下江南的路费及辛苦。如此说来,还真是挺合算的!
在十七孔桥东侧有个八角亭,叫廓如亭,它可是我国现存最大的一座亭子,它与十七孔桥及南湖岛连接在一起,形似一只乌龟的头,颈和身躯,用乌龟形状象征长生不老之意。
廓如亭往北的河堤处伏着一只铜牛,与真牛大小相仿。为何在此设铜牛?有两种说法:一种说法是为了镇水,乾隆皇帝铸铜牛,还特意写了一篇《铜牛铭》,刻在了牛背上。另一种说法是在初建园林时,昆明湖西侧有一组田园风光的景致被称为织耕图,象征织女居住的地方,而东岸的铜牛郎隔天河———昆明湖与织女遥遥相望,够浪漫吧!
最后给大家介绍一下文昌阁,请看我们前方的这座关城式建筑,叫文昌阁,阁楼内供奉一尊文昌帝君的铜像。相传文昌帝君是专门主宰人间功名利禄的神,深受世人信奉,连皇帝也不例外。但是文昌帝君真要保佑某人当上皇帝,有了功名利禄,有了江山社稷,一定就会幸福吗?不一定!眼前就是一个例子。
各位看看那座小院,她叫玉澜堂(指向北侧)。那里曾经是光绪皇帝的监狱。身为皇帝,却失去了最基本的人身自由,够可怜的吧!为什么贵为天子的光绪皇帝会落到这步田地呢?咱们待会再讲。现在先请各位欣赏一下美丽的景色,照张像,我们5分钟后在玉澜堂门前集合。
各位,现在我们要参观的是颐和园中生活区的一组建筑,是清末慈禧游历颐和园时皇帝及皇后住的地方。前面的一组建筑叫玉澜堂,是当年光绪皇帝居住的地方;后一组建筑叫宜芸馆,供皇后居住。这是一组紧邻昆明湖的建筑,故以湖水似玉、波澜起伏为意境,将皇帝的居处取名为玉澜堂。
不知大家是否注意到这座大门前有两块大石头,左右而立?为什么在此设石?石头有没有来历和说道?当然有,不过这得先从光绪皇帝及戊戌变法讲起。1894年,中日甲午战争爆发,慈禧太后以不得罪支邦为由,实行不抵抗政策,导致清王朝在亚洲最大的北洋水师全军覆灭。甲午战争失败后,清割地赔款,中国面临列强的瓜分,这使国内的一些有识之士等非常激奋。以康有为、梁启超及谭嗣同为代的改良派上书给光绪皇帝提出变法,得到了年轻的光绪皇帝的支持。但以慈禧太后为代表的保守派人为祖宗之法不可变。于是在暗中阴谋策划废黜光绪皇帝,在最关键的时刻,由于两面派袁世凯的告密,使得戊戌变法宣告失败。光绪也皇帝从此失去了人身自由,相当于被判了无期徒刑,被囚禁在玉澜堂。
现在回头再说这两块石头,它们叫母子石,是慈禧太后让人从香山搬过来的,把它们放在这里是对光绪帝的责骂,好象在说:光绪呀!光绪!没有我你能当上皇帝吗?可现在你却要造我的反,你可真是没良心,你看看,连顽石尚有母子之情,你真是不如顽石呀!
光绪也暗暗骂道,老佛爷呀!老佛爷,你也太狠心了,你知道当一个傀儡皇帝的感觉吗?我身为皇帝上不能治国,下不能安民,国家将亡,我受万民唾弃,屎盆子扣到我头上,你却站在那享福,还把我关起来,真是心比石头还硬呀!好了,现在我们到园内参观一下。
(在玉澜堂大院内)
玉澜堂为这个院落的正殿,两侧有配殿,东为霞芬室,西为藕香榭。玉澜堂的后面是通向宜芸馆的穿堂门。各位如果到两侧配殿门口,您会惊奇地发现,哎呀!怎么开门后不是屋子而是一堵墙呢?其实不但是两侧配殿,既使是通向宜芸馆后门也被封死,这就是当年光绪皇帝被囚禁的地方。光绪皇帝虽不用戴手铐、脚镣,但每日如座井观天,好不凄惨!就这样,自戊戌变法失败后,光绪皇帝当了十年的囚徒皇帝,于1908年含恨而死。要说慈禧太后与光绪真是一对冤家,在光绪皇帝死的第二天,老佛爷也驾鹤西行了,据说是老佛爷不放心,怕光绪在阴间造她的反,故紧跟光绪而去。
玉澜堂内的陈设均按当年原状展出,正殿中有皇帝宝座,御案,掌扇及龙床等,请各位参观5分钟,我们在后院集合。
(在宜芸馆门前)
各位,宜芸馆是皇后在颐和园居住的地方,宜芸为藏书之意,乾隆皇帝曾在这里读书。现在门内的廊壁上镶嵌有10块乾隆皇帝临摹的书法真迹,殿内物品也都是按当年隆裕皇后在此居住时的原状陈列的。请各位在此参观5分钟,我们的下一站便是慈禧老佛爷在颐和园中的.住处乐寿堂。
各位朋友,现在我们来到了颐和园的主人慈禧太后的住处乐寿堂。乐寿堂二字取自《论语》知者乐、仁者寿之意,就是说有学问的人很快乐,讲仁义的人能长寿,之所以取乐寿二字,是慈禧希望自己能够快乐长寿。
乐寿堂内的陈设保持原状,正厅是慈禧日常起居活动之地,堂内有宝座、御案、掌扇等,除此之外还有青花大瓷盘,瓷盘是装水果用的,但不是为吃,而是专为闻香味而设,堂内的东外间是茶点室,东内间是更衣室,西外间是处理日常政事的地方,西内间是卧室。
乐寿堂外门口两侧设有梅花鹿、鹤、花瓶各一对,有人会问,此处为何不摆龙、凤、狮子等,却放些鹿呀、鹤呀什么的,是何道理?其实这几件陈设物品加起来是一句吉祥语,梅花鹿的鹿与大写的六(陆)同音,取其六字,鹤与合家欢乐的合字读音接近,花瓶的瓶与太平的平同音,故这鹿、鹤和花瓶取六合太平之意。
院中还种有玉兰树、海棠树,原来还有牡丹,取玉兰花的玉,海棠花的棠与乐寿堂的堂同音,再取牡丹的富贵之意,即为玉堂富贵。再说,慈禧的小名儿叫兰儿,所以种玉兰花就更理所当然啦!
在乐寿堂的正前方,有一块巨石,人称房山石,还记得太湖石吗?南方的太湖石是以透漏皱瘦者为贵,而房山石是以有孔不透也不漏、有形不皱也不瘦者为佳。这块巨石有孔、有形,似灵芝,名为青芝岫。青为青色,芝为灵芝,岫为孔洞之意,即为一块青色、有孔、有洞的大灵芝石。但是呀,它也有一个不吉利的名字叫败家石,这又是怎么回事呢?这话得从明朝说起了。
明朝有一位喜欢搜集怪石的官员,叫米万钟,您听这名字,要是用大钟来装米,能装一万钟,够富的吧!因为这块石头却败了家。据说有一天,米万钟在房山发现了这块巨石,非常喜欢,于是动用大批人力来搬运这块石头。隆冬时每隔数十米便挖一个水井,在路上泼水冻冰再用人马拖运,开销很大。还没走到北京就家财耗尽,只好弃之路边。故人称败家石。转眼到了清朝,乾隆在去西陵祭祖的时候发现了这块巨石,当时乾隆正在为其母亲庆六十大寿而采办释罕物,于是想把这块石头运回北京。运到这里后,却发现进园的门太小,没办法,只能破门而入。乾隆的母亲知道后很生气,说:此石既败米家,又破我门,真是败家石败家石乾隆皇帝一时无话可说,只能听着数落,还是机智的刘罗锅眼睛一亮说:太后息怒,皇上将此石运来是看它形状象元宝,又似灵芝,您看,像不像呀!如果是元宝、灵芝破门而入,那可真是可喜可贺之事呀!这是财源滚滚破门入,灵芝仙草延寿年的吉兆,这是说太后您多福多寿呀!太后仔细看了看这块石头,哎!确是有些象元宝、灵芝,于是息了怒,转忧为喜。乾隆见状,顺坡下驴,立即在石头上题青芝岫三个字,还乘兴题了一首《青芝岫》诗,至今隐约可辨。
说来也巧,自从这败家石进了园子,大清朝便从乾隆盛世开始衰败,最终真的败了大清王朝。
前面我们讲了,慈禧是一个爱奢侈的人,就拿吃饭来说吧,颐和园内共有八个大院是专门为慈禧太后做饭的厨房,被称为寿膳房,每天有120人为她的三餐忙和。慈禧太后每天二顿正餐,二顿小吃,在乐寿堂的正厅用餐,在用膳时,一般摆三桌,一桌供吃,一桌供看,一桌供装饰。慈禧太后每顿正餐需主食60种,茶点30种,各色佳肴128种,一天的餐费为白银60两,当时可买一万斤大米,可供四口之家生活一年有余,真是帝后一席饭,百姓数年粮。虽然如此,但是慈禧太后有一点很值得我们学习,她每天准点用餐,而且从不多吃,更主要地是她吃完饭后总要活动活动,她坚信饭后百步走,能活九十九,这恐怕也是她长寿的秘决之一吧!那么慈禧太后到哪里去百步走呢?当然是去长廊了!好,各位,现在我们就到长廊里看一看,走一走
位,现在我们来到了长廊景区,长廊是世界上最长的画廊兼游廊,建成于公元1750年,位于昆明湖和万寿山之间,不仅连接了山水,而且为全园增添了神趣,可谓是巧夺天工之作。长廊东起邀月门,西至石丈亭,长廊全长728米,分为273间,中间点缀着象征四亭的留佳、寄澜、秋水和清遥四个亭子。站在万寿山上看长廊,它象一只展翅飞入昆明湖的大蝙蝠,昆明湖又象征着东海,这蝙蝠飞入东海的设计便是福如东海的象征啦!很巧妙吧!
前面讲了,乾隆皇帝下江南时,对江南的山水风光非常留恋,于是派画师们到江南去写生,回来后,将画稿上的山水景色画在长廊之上,同时又将中国古典文学中的人物、故事等也汇聚于长廊之上,于是形成了一条世界著名的集山水风光及人文逸事为一体的艺术长廊。长廊上共有各式图画一万三千多幅,于1900年被评为全球画廊之冠,列入吉尼斯世界大全。如果您置身廊内,漫步其间,便会由然产生一种人在廊中走,神在画中游的感觉。好,下面请各位游长廊,祝各位好心情!
(在排云门前)
怎么样?各位,有些累了吧!不过这长廊尚未走完,同志仍需努力呀!其实我们刚刚走了长廊的一半,这里便是长廊左右两部分的分界线。从排云门前的排楼往上的建筑分别是排云门、排云殿、佛香阁和智慧海,是万寿山前的一组中轴建筑,由于我们不到里面去参观,所以我给在家讲一讲里面的主要建筑。
首先为大家介绍一下排云殿,它名称的来历是出自晋代郭璞的游仙诗中神仙排云出,但见金银台的词句,可见此处非凡人所居之处,那么这座建筑是做什么用的呢?明代这里曾建有一座古刹,名为圆静寺,后来被毁,清朝乾隆皇帝为了给母亲祝寿,在圆静寺的基址上,建了一座大报恩延寿寺,后来被侵略军所毁。现在各位看到的排云殿是清光绪年间,即公元1887年修建的,它是专为慈禧太后举行寿庆活动的场所,慈禧太后把自己比成排云而出的神仙,希望自己能够长生不老。
在排云殿之上,是全园的中心建筑佛香阁,是为慈禧太后烧香拜佛而设,佛香两个字来源于佛教对佛的歌颂。
再往上,在万寿山之巅为全园的最高建筑智慧海,从这组建筑的名称即可断定,这是一组宗教建筑,智慧海的意思是歌颂佛的智慧浩翰如海。这组建筑虽遭联军破坏,但没有被烧毁,为什么呢?因为它是由琉璃砖及石料建成的,又因用石料发券而成,不设大梁承重,故称无梁殿,为北京三大无梁殿之一。
现在回过头来再说说排云门,大门两旁除了青铜狮外,还有十二块太湖石,又叫排衙石,象是两排衙役守卫在门前,其实它们还有一个名字叫十二生肖石。大家有兴趣可以找找看,哪一块是自己的生肖石,不过艺术本身就是夸张的,妙在似与不似之间,即三分像、七分想,越看越象。大家可别个持已见而吵得面红耳赤哟!好,我们在此休息十分钟,大家可以照照相,十分钟后在这里集合。
各位朋友,现在我们来到了长廊的西端,石丈亭。在我们眼前的湖水中有一条大石船,它的名字叫石舫。石舫又叫清晏舫,取河清海晏之意。它全长36米,是我国现存最大的古代石舫。船体上原来建有单层中式舱楼,后被侵略军烧毁,1893年重建后在船体上建双层西式舱楼,成为今天的这个式样。在上下两层舱楼内各有一块大水银镜,据说每逢细雨绵绵之季,慈禧太后常在舫上品茶、赏雨景。您也许会问,这喝茶看雨景跟镜子有什么关系呀?是这么回事儿,人家慈禧太后不是直截了当看雨景,那多俗呀!人家看的是镜子里的雨景,讲究的是半梦半醒之间的朦胧之美。那么这个大石舫有什么寓意呢?大家都听说过水可载舟、亦可覆舟的古语吧!这是统治者所不愿看到的,于是建了这么一个大石舫,任凭风吹浪打永不会被顷覆,取江山永固之意。
人家都说乾隆皇帝聪明,我看这便是他的一个败笔,大家都知道,水涨船高的道理吧!您想,如果造条大木船,如果遇到水涨、巨浪什么的,水涨船高,可能还会保住性命。但造条石船,如果遇到水涨,船就不会升高。最终,这条象征统治阶级的大船被孙中山先领导的辛亥革命的洪流所淹没了
好了!颐和园内重点景物的介绍到此结束,现在请各位在大石舫前留个影,谢谢大家一路的配合!
凡事有兴必有衰,1860年,英法联军入京,将清漪园、圆明园在内的三山五园烧成一片焦土。1885年,慈禧太后挪用海军军费重修园林,并改名为颐和园,取颐养冲和之意。但好景不长,1900年八国联军又一次将颐和园付之一炬,慈禧太后于1903年再次重建,由于财力有限,只恢复了万寿山前的景观。解放后,多次对园林进行修缮、保护,颐和园又恢复了往日的风采。1998年教科文组织将其列入了《世界文化遗产目录》,现在我们去参观一下仁寿殿。
颐和园导游词300字篇六
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颐和园导游词300字篇七
颐和园包括万寿山、昆明湖两大部分,园内山水秀美,建筑宏伟。全园有各式建筑3000余间,园内布局可分为政治、生活、游览三个区域。政治活动区,以仁寿段为中心,是过去慈禧太后和光绪皇帝办理朝事、会见朝臣、使节的地方。生活居住区,以玉澜堂、宜芸馆、乐寿堂为主体,是慈禧、光绪及后妃居住之地。风景游览区,以万寿山前山、后山、后湖、昆明湖为主, 是全园的主要组成部分。
在世界古典园林中享有盛誉的颐和园,布局和谐,浑然一体。在高60米的万寿山前山的中央,纵向自低而高排列着排 云门、排云股、德辉殿、佛香阁、智慧海等一组建筑,依山而立, 步步高升,气派宏伟。以高大的佛香阁为主体,形成了全园的中心线。沿昆明湖北岸横向而建的长廊,长728米,共273间, 像一条彩带横跨于万寿山前,连结着东面前山建筑群。长廊中有精美柁画 14000多幅,素有“画廊”之美称。位于颐和园东北角,万寿山东麓的谐趣园,具有浓重的江南园林特色,被誉为 “园中之园”。
占全园总面积四分之三的昆明湖,湖水清澈碧绿,景色宜人。在广阔的湖面上,有三个小岛点缀,其主要景物是西堤、西堤六桥、东堤、南湖岛、十七孔桥等。湖岸建有廓如亭、知春亭、凤凰墩等秀美建筑,其中位于湖西北岸的清晏舫(石访)中西合璧,精巧华丽,是园中著名的水上建筑。后山后湖,林茂竹青,景色幽雅,到处是松林曲径,小桥流水,风格与前山迥然不同。山脚下的苏州河,曲折蜿蜒,时狭时阔,颇具江南特色。在岸边的树丛中建有多宝琉璃塔。后山还有一座仿西藏建筑——香岩宗印之阁,造型奇特。苏州街原为宫内的民间买卖街,现已修复并向游人开放。拥山抱水,绚丽多姿的颐和园,体现了我国造园艺术的高超水平。
颐和园在北京西北部,前身是清漪园,取“颐养太和”之义。颐和园是清朝的皇家花园和行宫。1860年被英法联军烧毁,1888年慈禧移用海军经费约3000余万两银子,重加修建,取“颐养冲和”之意,改清漪园为颐和园。1900年再次遭到八国联军的破坏,1902年重修,即成现在的规模。辛亥革命后属溥仪私产,1914年由逊清皇室售票开放。1924年辟为公园。1949年后成为北京主要游览点之一。
现在的颐和园是万寿山和昆明湖的总称,总面积290公顷。全区布局可分为政治活动区、生活居住区和风景浏览区三个部分。政治活动区以仁寿宫为主体,是召见群臣、处理朝政的地方;风景浏览区是以万寿山为中心,分为前山、昆明湖、后山三部分;乐寿堂是其寝宫。颐和园计有各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间,长廊728米,彩画8000余幅,是其它苑圃所不可及的特色和长处,被列为我国十大名胜之一。 颐和园是我国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家园林,为全国重点文物保护单位。它位于北京西郊海淀区,距北京城区15千米。颐和园规模宏大,总面积达294公顷,主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。颐和园是一个兼具“宫、苑”双重功能的大型皇家园林。 颐和园的面积达290公顷(4350亩),其中水面约占3/4。整个园林以万寿山上高达41米的佛香阁为中心,根据不同地点和地形,配置了殿、堂、楼、阁、廊、亭等精致的建筑。山脚下建了一条长达728米的长廊,犹如一条彩虹把多种多样的建筑物以及青山、碧波连缀在一起。整个园林艺术构思巧妙,是举世罕见的园林艺术杰作。
造园艺术的特色在于:这座巨大的园林依山面水,昆明湖约占全园面积的3/4。但它的水面并不单调,除了湖的四周点缀着各种建筑物外,湖中有一座南湖岛,由一座美丽的十七孔桥和岸上相连。在湖的西部,有一西堤,堤上修有六座造形优美的桥。颐和园里有许多景点是效法了江南园林的一些优点。如谐趣园就是仿无锡寄畅园建造的。西堤,是仿杭州西湖的苏堤。颐和园前山的正中,是一组巨大的建筑群,自山顶的智慧海,往下为佛香阁、德辉殿、排云殿、排云门、云辉玉宇坊,构成一条明显的中轴线。在中轴线的两边,又有许多陪衬的建筑物。顺山势而下,又有许多假山隧洞,游人可以上下穿行。颐和园的后山,其设计格局则与前山迥然而异。前山的风格是宏伟、壮丽,而后山则是以松林幽径和小桥曲水取胜。
游颐和园建议你最好从东宫门开始。东宫门是正门,门外的牌坊经过修缮,重展秀丽风采。门口有两只造型生动的铜狮,是清漪园时期的遗物。东宫门台阶正中,有一块龙云石,上刻二龙戏珠图案,精致、活泼。 入门西行,过仁寿门,这一部分都叫东宫门内。主要建筑有仁寿殿、德和园、玉澜堂、宜芸馆、乐寿堂、长廊等。 仁寿殿原名叫勤政殿。1890年重建时,为了迎合慈禧希望长寿的愿望,根据"仁者寿"的古语,改为仁寿殿,它是慈禧在园里召见群臣和处理国事的地方。您在这里可以看到不少珍贵古物。如商代的青铜器皿,翠鸟羽毛粘贴的洞庭风景,天然树根雕刻的狮子,200年前的国产镜子…… 长廊,全长728米,是我国园林建筑中最长的廊子。长廊顶部有彩画14000多幅,有“画廊”之称。
前山部分主要有排云殿、佛香阁等景区,是全园的中心建筑群,建筑形式丰富而辉煌华丽。 佛香阁是中国古建楼阁的代表作,是颐和园的标志,高21米,建筑在20米高的石砌台上,以8根大铁梨木为擎天柱,顶为八攒尖式。阁内二至三层有旋转式楼梯,登阁远望,西郊景物尽收眼底。 排云殿是全园的精华汇集之处。它的最前端是位于湖岸的一座牌坊,南北两面题着:“星拱瑶枢”,“云辉玉宇”。在牌坊和排云门之间,有四季常青的柏树,还有12块形状不同的太湖石。有的象虎,有的象龙……据说是按照12属的形象选择出来的。门前两侧分立着两只精美的铜狮。进门正中为排云殿,建筑居万寿山中心,是慈禧接受百官庆寿朝贺的地方。殿前丹陛平台,绕以石栏,上列铜龙、铜凤、铜鼎。台下有铜缸及露陈座。当年,石座上陈设青铜器,以示皇家之富。
后山部分的景色与前山不同:前山豪华;后山幽静。 后山山路盘旋曲折,山下流水清澈,山上松柏郁茂,灌木丛生,颇有江南情调。主要的建筑有:景福阁,苏州街,谐趣园等。 景福阁是慈禧赏月赏雨的地方。 苏州街,原称买卖街,街的南北两侧店铺依山而建,面水开业,现已重新修复,游客可兑换清朝式铜钱购货,展示了仿古旅游江南商镇的风貌。 谐趣园为“园中之园”,具有江南庭院风格,其趣有三:声趣、楼趣、桥趣。 后山还有一条长达数百米的“丁香廊”。春天来临的时候,丁香花盛开,香气袭人。 南湖部分:昆明湖上有一座南湖岛,龙王庙位于南湖岛的中央,远远望去好像一座神话中的海上仙山,连接龙王庙和东堤的那座十七孔桥,长年卧在万顷碧波中,桥柱上雕有姿态各异的狮子544只。桥全长150多米,宽8米,由十七个卷洞组成,桥的两头有4只石刻异兽,形象威猛生动。桥东的廓如亭,俗称八方亭,占地140余平方米,亭有内外三圈24根圆柱和16根方柱。亭顶采用重檐攒尖的形式,造型舒展而稳重,居国内现存同类建筑之冠。东岸有一只铜牛,卧置在刻有波浪的青石座上,牛背上篆刻有清乾隆御笔《金牛铭》,意为镇压水患。
颐和园集中了中国古典建筑的精华,容纳了不同地区的园林风格,堪称园林建筑博物馆。 颐和园中的主体建筑是万寿山上的佛香阁。佛香阁建筑在高21米的方形台基上;阁高40米,有8个面、3层楼、4重屋檐;阁内有8根巨大铁梨木擎天柱,结构相当复杂,为古典建筑精品。 回廊和角亭建筑是园林的常用形式。颐和园的长廊长约728米,为世界长廊之最。廊上绘有图画14000余幅,均为传统故事或花鸟鱼虫。昆明湖东岸的8角重檐廓如亭,也是中国最大的。此外,万寿山顶的无梁殿,全用砖石砌成拱顶,没有一根支撑物,技术水平极高。 颐和园体现出的铸造雕刻技术也是一流水平,如昆明湖东岸的巨大镇水铁牛,形态逼真,背上还铸有铭文;湖北岸的巨大石舫,雕梁画栋,精彩无比。 颐和园的建筑风格吸收了中国各地建筑的精华。东部的宫殿区和内廷区,是典型的北方四合院风格,一个一个的封闭院落由游廊联通;南部的湖泊区是典型杭州西湖风格,一道"苏堤"把湖泊一分为二,十足的江南格调;万寿山的北面,是典型的西藏喇嘛庙宇风格,有白塔,有碉堡式建筑;北部的苏州街,店铺林立,水道纵通,又是典型的水乡风格。
颐和园位于北京的西北郊,原是清代的皇家园林和行宫。其前身清漪园始建于1750年(乾隆十五年),1764年建成,1860年被英国联军焚毁。1886年(光绪十二年),慈禧挪用海军经费和其他款项重建,并于1888年改名为颐和园。1990年,颐和园又遭八国联军严重破坏,1902年再次修复。
颐和园导游词300字篇八
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颐和园导游词300字篇九
各位游客,大家好!今天很荣幸当大家的导游。欢迎大家来到颐和园游玩,它是被列入《世界遗产名录》的皇家园林。请各位游客在游玩时不要乱丢垃圾、乱涂乱画,破坏它的美丽。
我们先来到有名的长廊看看吧,绿漆的柱子,红漆的栏杆,一眼望不到头。这条长廊可不一般,有七百多米长呢,分成了273间,每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画,画着人物、花草、风景,游客们,你们相信吗?几千副画中竟然没有哪两幅的相同的。难怪被称为:世界第一廊。
游完了长廊,我们就来到了万寿山的脚下,各位游客,你们抬头看看,看见一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑了吗?没错,那就是佛香阁,下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿,就是排云殿
游客们,我们登上了万寿山了,站在佛香阁的前面向下望,颐和园的景色大半收在眼底。再向前看,昆明湖静的像一块镜子,绿的像一块碧玉。游船、画舫在湖面慢慢的滑过,几乎不留一点痕迹。昆明湖可真是静啊,游客们感受到了吗?
那我们下山游览一番昆明湖吧。看,昆明湖围着长长的堤岸,堤上有好几座式样不同的石桥,两岸载着数不清的垂柳。游人走过长长的石桥,就可以去小岛上玩。这座石桥有十七的桥洞,因此叫做十七孔桥。
游客们,颐和园之旅到此结束,祝大家玩得愉快。
导游词相关文章:
颐和园导游词300字篇十
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颐和园导游词300字篇十一
大家好,我是你们今天的导游,我姓赵,大家叫我赵导就行。颐和园是一个非常美丽的大公园,请大家不要乱扔垃圾,不要大声喧哗。祝大家玩得开心!
颐和园已经有很多年的历史了,颐和园位于北京的西北郊,原是清代的皇家林园和行宫。其前清漪园始建于1750年,1764年建成,1860年被英法联军焚毁。1886年,慈禧挪用海军经费和其它款项重建,并与1888年改名为颐和园。1900年,颐和园又遭八国联军严重破坏,1902年再次修复。颐和园主要由昆明湖和万寿山组成,占地为2.9平方千米,其中水面占四分之三。现在我们所在的地方是秀丽的长廊。非常有名,看!绿色的柱子,红色的栏杆,显得五彩缤纷。简直是人间天堂!这条‘‘天堂’’有700多米长,分为273间,有上千幅精致的横栏,没有一幅和另一幅是相同的,你们瞧瞧这些花草树木,不仅多,而且香,这一种花还没有枯萎,那一种花又开了。左面是一眼望不到边的昆明湖,微风一吹,使人神清气爽。
走完了长廊,我们来到了万寿山,只要抬头一看,你就会看到八角宝塔形的三层建筑物,是不是很威武?那个建筑物叫佛香阁,金碧辉煌的宫殿美极了,它还有一个很动听的名字——排云殿。
登上万寿山,往下望,好多美景啊!葱郁的树丛,掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。前面,清澈的昆明湖非常静,就像一面镜子,还有那引人注目的画舫慢慢地滑过。
从万寿山下来,就是昆明湖,湖中心有一个小岛,从远处望去,一片葱绿,还露出了宫殿的一角哩!只要过了长长的石桥,就可以到小岛,这个桥叫十七孔桥,它可是远近闻名的桥。桥栏有上百根石柱,想必你们都看到了。真是美不胜收。柱子上有什么呀?当然是狮子,古代人民实在是太厉害了。
本次旅游结束了,希望你们能够喜欢这次旅游。
颐和园导游词300字篇十二
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颐和园导游词300字篇十三
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颐和园导游词300字篇十四
大家好,欢迎大家来到北京颐和园!
我是你们的小导游:王导。很有幸能和大家一起游览这座美丽的园林,下面我先来介绍一下颐和园吧!
颐和园是中国到目前为止,保存最完整的的、最大的皇家园林。
清朝,这里叫做清漪园,后来被英法联军焚毁,金银财宝、珍珠项链等全部被抢光。清末重建后,又被八国联军破坏,慈禧太后再次花重金重建,从此清漪园改名为颐和园。清朝灭亡后,民国时期颐和园又遭到了破坏。
咦,刚才边走边讲怎么还是这条长廊?哦,忘了说,这就是有名的“长廊”。长廊总长七百多米,分成二百七十三间。每一间的横槛上雕刻着五彩的画,有双龙戏 珠的、有雕刻着颐和园景色的……还有,你们相信吗?在这几千幅画中,没有那两幅画是相同的。长廊的两旁栽满了树木与花草。有红有绿的花木并没使长廊丢失古 朴淡雅的艺术气息。
呼——我们终于走到了长廊的尽头。你们看,那边就是昆明湖了。昆明湖静静的,几乎没有一丝波纹。游船从这儿经过,也近乎没有一点儿痕迹。
湖的中心有一座小岛,小岛上的树木严严实实地盖住了道路。只要过了七孔桥,就能去岛上面玩。十七孔桥有十七个桥洞,它就是这样而得名的。桥上有许多石 柱,石柱上有上百个小石狮子。它们姿态不一,有的伸出爪子,像是在欢迎中外游客的到来;有的怒视远方,像是在鄙视侵略我中华的洋人、日寇……
好了,我的讲解结束。游览颐和园,请大家注意安全、讲究卫生,不要乱折花木,去昆明湖坐船的请不要把果皮扔进湖里。
接下来就请你们自己去游赏这美丽的皇家园林吧!两个小时后我们在七孔桥会合哦,拜拜!
颐和园导游词300字篇十五
尊敬的各位游客:
今天我们来参观颐和园。颐和园是清代的皇家园林和行宫,已被列入《世界文化遗产名录》,请大家在游览时不要乱扔垃圾,破坏颐和园的环境。因为颐和园游客较多,请大家不要单独行动以防走失。
我们首先来参观颐和园的长廊。这条长廊是中国古典园林中最长的一条。它位于万寿山南坡与昆明湖之间的狭长地带,它全长723米,分273间,每一间的横栏上都绘有彩画,共有14000余幅,没有任何两幅是相同的。有人会想,那么多画,它是怎么来的呢?这里面还有一个小故事,我来给大家讲一讲。有一年,乾隆和他的母亲来游赏颐和园,因为乾隆的母亲喜欢听故事,在游览颐和园长廊时一边游览,一边让宫女给她讲故事,宫女们怕忘了故事的内容,宫女们就把内容画在横栏上,提示自己,所有才有了今天横栏上的彩画。
我们现在在万寿山的脚下。大家向上看,那座八角宝塔形的三层建筑物就是佛香阁。佛香阁高41米,修筑在20米高的地基上,内有八根坚固的铁梨森巨柱支撑,结构复杂,气势磅礴。下面一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿,就是排云殿。
现在,我们来到了东岸,向远处看,那里有个小岛,小岛的名字叫南湖岛,连接它们的正是举世闻名的十七孔桥。十七孔桥建于公元1736年,桥由17个孔券组成,所以叫十七孔桥。十七孔桥桥长150米,横跨东岸和南湖岛,状若长虹卧波。桥上的石雕极其精美,每个桥栏上都雕有神态各异的狮子,大小共544个,这些狮子没有哪两只是相同的,不亚于卢沟桥的狮子。
颐和园的美丽景色说也说不完,希望大家有机会细细游赏。
颐和园导游词300字篇十六
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