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介绍宁夏的导游词篇一
ningxia is located in the inland, belongs to temperate continentalsemi-arid climate. it straddles the east monsoon region and the northwest aridregion, and the southwest is close to the qinghai tibet alpine region, which isroughly located in the intersection and transition zone of the three naturalregions in china. the annual average temperature is 5 ℃~ 9 ℃, and thetemperature difference between day and night is large. the annual precipitationis generally 200-600 mm. with 3000 hours of sunshine and 170 days of frost freeperiod, it is one of the areas with the most abundant sunshine and solarradiation in china.
ningxia is one of the birthplaces of ancient chinese civilization. the latepaleolithic human activity site and unearthed cultural relics in shuidonggou,lingwu county, ningxia province show that human beings have been living andreproducing here as early as 30000 years ago.
during the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, theworld-famous great wall began to be built in the territory. after the firstemperor of qin unified china, he sent troops to settle down in ningxia and beganthe history of spanerting water from the yellow river for irrigation. by the handynasty (206-220 bc), the farming economy here had been quite prosperous. in the14th year of tianbao in the tang dynasty (755), the "an shi rebellion" brokeout. prince li heng entered ningxia and became emperor in lingwu. at that time,ningxia had become one of the important channels of east-west transportation andtrade in china. in the first year of baoyuan (1038) of northern song dynasty, liyuanhao, the leader of dangxiang nationality, established daxia state withningxia as the center, which was called xixia in history, and its capital wasxingqing prefecture (now yinchuan city). after mongolia exterminated xixia,ningxia fu road was set up in the 24th year of the yuan dynasty (1287). ningxiawei was set up in ming dynasty. ningxia government was set up in qing the early years of the republic of china, ningxia government was changed toshuofangdao, and ningxia province was established in 1929. after the founding ofthe people's republic of china in 1949, ningxia province was abolished in a hui autonomous region was established on october 25, 1958.
ningxia is rich in mineral resources with prominent advantages inagriculture, energy and tourism. there are 1.288 million hectares of cultivatedland in the region. among them, more than 333000 hectares are irrigated. thereare more than 660000 hectares of wasteland suitable for agriculture to bedeveloped, including 133000 hectares of wasteland for aquaculture, 56000hectares of wastewater and 3 million hectares of grassland. more than 50 kindsof mineral resources have been discovered, and the per capita potential value ofnatural resources is 163.5% of the national average value, ranking fifth in thecountry. in particular, non-metallic mineral resources are rich, mainly coal,gypsum, oil, natural gas and so on. gypsum reserves rank first in china. nearlyone third of the land in the region is rich in coal resources, with provenreserves of more than 30 billion tons, ranking fifth in the country. the provenreserves of lingwu coalfield alone reach more than 27 billion tons, equivalentto the total proven reserves in northeast china. among the top ten coal types inchina, there are nine in ningxia. taixi coal, the world famous high qualityanthracite, has an annual export volume of 1 million tons. the shaanxi gansuningxia basin natural gas field across ningxia has proved reserves of more than200 billion cubic meters. it is a world-class large gas field.
the autonomous region has five prefecture level cities of yinchuan,shizuishan, wuzhong, guyuan and zhongwei, six municipal districts of xingqing,jinfeng, xixia, dawukou, huinong and yuanzhou, two county-level cities of lingwuand qingtongxia, 11 counties of yongning, helan, pingluo, tongxin, yanchi,zhongning, haiyuan, jingyuan, xiji, longde and pengyang, and hongsibaodevelopment zone (county-level immigration development zone), with yinchuan asits capital.
ningxia has 35 ethnic groups, including hui and han, with a totalpopulation of 6.0373 million at the end of 20__, including 3.7742 million hanand 2.0649 million hui. ningxia is the largest hui inhabited area in china. huipeople believe in islam.
the hui nationality in china was formed in the yuan dynasty. the origin ofthe hui nationality can be traced back to the middle of the seventh century,when arab and persian merchants came to china to do business and stay. in theyuan dynasty, a large number of central asian, persian and arab came to to intermarriage and socio-economic relations, they formed hui nationalityin the process of long-term relationship with han, uygur, mongolian and othernationalities. as early as the song dynasty, there were persians who believed inislam and settled down in ningxia. in the yuan dynasty, a large number of arabmuslims from central asia, together with the mongols, moved to ningxia tocultivate and defend the frontier. at the end of yuan dynasty and the beginningof ming dynasty, the hui nationality gradually formed, and ningxia huinationality entered a relatively stable development period.
hui people's living in ningxia can be traced back to the end of tangdynasty. in the northern song dynasty and xixia period, most of the muslims fromthe east came to the central plains from yumen and jiuquan via xixia. by theyuan dynasty, a large number of arabs, persians and central asians wererecruited or migrated to live in the form of semi military and semi nomadic. inthe early ming dynasty, a large number of hui people were placed in lingzhou(now lingwu city) and guyuan counties as "attached to tuda". in addition, thehui people who constantly migrated to ningxia for development and reclamationformed many hui settlements. during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qingdynasty, the population of hui nationality in ningxia increased the tongzhi period (1862-1874), the anti qing uprising of the northwesthui people was brutally suppressed, and the volunteers and their families weremoved to remote areas. some of them migrated to lingzhou, huaping (now jingyuancounty of ningxia), longde, haiyuan and other counties.
as the main ethnic group in ningxia hui people believe in islam. in ningxiahui inhabited areas, there are more than 3000 mosques with differentarchitectural forms and scales, and about 4000 imams. the muslim people of huinationality generally believe in five "lessons", namely: recitation, ceremony,fasting, lesson and pilgrimage. there are three traditional festivals of the huipeople: eid al fitr, guerbang (also known as eid al adha) and shengji autonomous region, cities and counties have established religious socialorganizations at all levels, namely islamic associations, to manage their ownreligious life. the autonomous region has set up ningxia islamic school inyinchuan city and tongxin arabic school in tongxin county, helping the muslimpeople to cultivate a large number of talents with religious knowledge. inaddition to islam, there are mass beliefs, buddhism, catholicism, christianityand taoism in ningxia. the people's government of the autonomous region treatsall kinds of religions equally, protects the normal religious activities of themasses, and all kinds of religious people live in harmony for a long time inningxia.
ningxia hui people have formed unique customs in clothing, diet, dailyhygiene, marriage, funeral and so on. hui men like to wear small white caps andblack waistcoats. hui women also like to wear headsets, gold and silverearrings, rings and bracelets. hui people pay special attention to hygiene,clean and tidy indoor and outdoor, clean stove. usually wash hands and face withsoup bottle, bath with hanging pot.
hui people like to eat the meat of cattle, sheep, camels and otherruminants, but also eat chicken, duck, goose and fish. they don't eat pork,animal blood and dead livestock. animals eaten by devout believers must beslaughtered by imams. hui people generally don't smoke or drink. men, women andchildren all like to drink "babao" cup tea with nutritional condiments such asrock sugar, tea, medlar, walnut kernel, sesame, longan, jujube and preservedfruit. during the festive festival, the hui people mostly make fried food suchas fragrant oil, sanzi and yaguo. when there are distinguished guests, they willbe warmly received by the rich "quanyang banquet" and various hui snacks. inmarriage, monogamy is practiced. the wedding ceremony of hui nationality is verygrand and has many religious and ethnic characteristics. for example, when awedding is held, the imam should be asked to read "nikaha", that is, to testifyand congratulate with arabic scriptures. the funeral of the hui nationality issimple and easy, with the practice of earth burial and thin burial. the funeralincludes four procedures: cleaning the burial body, wrapping the body with whitecloth, holding religious prayer ceremony under the direction of imam, andentering the burial.
mosque, also known as the mosque. arabic is "mesgid", which means the placeto kowtow. it is not only a place for islamic believers to worship, but also acenter of culture and education and a center of social activities in someplaces. the establishment of mosques in ningxia started from yuan dynasty, andthe number and scale of mosques have developed considerably in ming and qingdynasties. gongbei is the mausoleum of an outstanding figure in a certain regionof islam. daotang is a place where religious leaders of a certain branch ofislam worship, chant scriptures, give lectures and live. islamic architecture inningxia reflects the process of combining islamic culture with chinesetraditional culture, and has distinctive local cultural characteristics andnational personality.
介绍宁夏的导游词篇二
各位游客:
在银川市的西北部,有一座雄伟峻峭的山脉,它峰峦起伏,装入一批奔腾的骏马,由东北向西南驰骋于银川平原和阿拉善高原之间,这就是著名的贺兰山。
“贺兰”一词来自于蒙古语,是骏马的意思。贺兰山又称阿拉善山,位于宁夏回族自治区和内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟之间,是宁夏和内蒙古的分界线。山脉呈南北走向绵延250余公里,东西宽20—40公里,最宽处60公里,在浩瀚沙漠中拔地而起,北接乌兰布和沙漠,南连卫宁北山,西傍腾格里沙漠,东临银川平原,俨然是银川平原的一道天然屏障。
整座贺兰山又大小山峰46个,较大的山口38个。贺兰山平均海拔在20xx米以上,“贺兰之山五百里,极目长空高插天”,就是赞美最高峰敖包疙瘩的,其海拔3556米,比我国著名的五岳都要高得多。敖包疙瘩,是蒙古族人在贺兰山巅的最高处,用石头堆起的一个“敖包”,是他们祭神的地方。他是贺兰山顶峰的标志。贺兰山主峰也就以此为名。
贺兰山是我国一条重要的自然地理分界线,对银川平原发展成为“塞北江南”有着显赫功劳。它不但是我国河流外流域内流区的分水岭,也是季风气候和非季风气候的分界线。山势的阻挡,既削弱了西北高寒气流的东袭,阻止了潮湿的东南季风西进,又遏制了腾格里沙漠的东移,东西两侧的气候差异颇大。贺兰山还是我国草原与荒漠的分界线,东部为半农半牧区,西部为纯牧区。
贺兰山由于地理位置的特殊性,历来满布刀光剑影。它地处我国农耕民族和游牧民族的交接地带,民族迁移十分频繁,在历史上是游牧民族通往中原地带的重要屏障,被誉为“朔方之保障,沙漠之咽喉”。众多的谷口平时是贸易交通要道,战时就是兵家必争之地。唐代诗人王维有诗写道:“贺兰山下阵如云,羽榭交驰日夕闻。”以“阵如云”、“羽榭交驰”形象描绘了激烈的战争场面。岳飞《满江红》“架长车,踏破贺兰山阙”的名句,也曾激励过众多热血男儿奔赴沙场,报效国家!
贺兰山的动植物和地下矿藏资源十分丰富。植物种类约有670种,其中不少为贺兰山特有的种类,如贺兰山西花紫堇、贺兰山翠雀花、贺兰山丁香、贺兰山棘豆和贺兰山麦瓶草等。此外还有云杉、油松以及山杏、山桃等果木和灌木,是宁夏三大林区之一。
贺兰山的野生动物有170余种,其中蓝马鸡、马鹿、麝、盘羊、猞猁、斑羚、灰鹤等为国家重点保护的野生动物。蓝马鸡为我国特有鸟类,在宁夏仅分布于贺兰山,1983年被定为宁夏区鸟。山下有丰富的煤炭、锰、铁等矿产资源,山中还盛产贺兰石,是制作势头工艺品的名贵原材料。
贺兰山历史悠久,钟灵毓秀,其境内有许多引人入胜的风景游览点,如避暑胜地小滚钟口风景区,全国重点文物保护单位贺兰山岩画,以及具有很高文物价值的西夏古塔——拜寺口双塔等等。游客们可以从中尽情领略这座古老山脉自然、历史和人文的风韵之美,一定会回味无穷。
下面请大家随我从苏峪口北侧进山,前往参观具有“游牧民族艺术画廊”之称的贺兰山岩画。
游客们,贺兰山岩画记录了贺兰山一带远古游牧民族的生活,在北至石嘴山,南至中卫的250多公里的十多个山口,分布着1000多幅岩画,单个图案超过2万个。贺兰山口就是有着众多岩画的山口之一。
从苏峪口往北走约5000米,就到了贺兰口。大家看,在沟谷两岸绵延600多米的山岩石壁上分布着贺兰山岩画300多幅,岩画题材广泛,大至表现日月宇宙,小至描画动物足蹄,并有狩猎、放牧、舞蹈的场面,岩画艺术造型粗犷奔放,构图朴实,具有独特的意境和艺术价值。其中数量最多的是各种各样的人面形。许多人面形画面简单,多数有眉毛、鼻子和嘴,而偏偏缺少一对眼睛,这可能与作画民族的习俗和信仰有关。还有一个耐人寻味的有趣现象,即人面形中有似一个站立人的轮廓,双臂弯曲,两脚叉开,腰佩长刀,表现了一化身图腾的巫觋为中心的造型形象,这种独特的崇拜和敬仰,是其它岩画所少有的。
人面形岩画中有的人首长着犄角,有的插着羽毛,这些可能是表现狩猎时的伪装;有的还带着尖型和圆顶帽。表现女性的岩画,有的戴着头饰,有地挽着发髻,风姿秀逸,楚楚动人,再现了几千年前古代妇女对美的追求。还有一些表现生活的欢乐和情趣,或大耳高鼻满脸长毛,或嘴里衔着骨头,可能是表现人民在欢庆狩猎丰收时跳舞的情景。另外,还有多种多样的动物岩画,有奔跑的鹿,有双较突出的岩羊,有风驰扬鬃的骏马,还有摇尾巴的狗以及飞禽走兽,各个形象逼真,栩栩如生。
据考证,贺兰山岩画不是一个时期一个民族的作品,其前后延续时间可能达20xx年之久,在贺兰山生活的诸多古代民族前后相继,共同完成了这一艺术画库。岩画是他们表达情感、愿望、信仰的“艺术心态录”。岩画的创作,大致可分为两个时期:一是先秦至汉时,匈奴游牧部落所作;二是五代至西夏建国之初,党项族游牧民族所作。他们在狩猎与劳作之余,用这种方式表达他们的思想感情和生活习俗,展现了丰富的想象力和无穷的创造力。如今,这些石头的史书已成为宝贵的艺术文化遗产。
各位游客,贺兰口岩画的镌刻,有些是先凿后磨,线条光滑;有些是先勾轮廓,在加深线条。艺术表现手法古朴稚拙,向儿童笔下的形象。即刻画其所见,有直抒其所想,流露出自然与粗犷的神秘魅力。百闻不如一见,今日之行,想必大家一定受益匪浅。
介绍宁夏的导游词篇三
相信很多人和我一样喜欢看电视看电影,所以在我的旅行计划表里,宁夏的影视一条街肯定是我的必经之地。想在那里感受曾经在电视里面看到过的镜头,想身临其境的感觉呐朴的氛围。位于银川的镇北堡西部影视城,被称为“宁夏之宝”。所以,我的宁夏之旅第二站——镇北堡影视城。
西部影视城位于银川市城区西北郊区空旷的荒野上,有两座古代城堡遗址,这就是闻名国内的镇北堡古城。该城堡是银川市文物保护单位,现为西部影视城所在地。被誉为“中国一西部影视城绝”。
镇北堡影视城西部地区最大的影视城,俗话说南有横店,北有西部影城,名气很大。
宁夏镇北堡西部影城(现通称镇北堡西部影城),被誉为“东方好莱坞”,地处宁夏银川西郊镇北堡,原址为明清时代的边防城堡。在中国众多的影视城中,西部影城以其古朴、原始、粗犷、荒凉、民间化为特色,是中国三大影视城之一,也是中国西部唯一著名影视城。
在此摄制影片之多,升起明星之多,获得国际,国内影视大奖之多,皆为中国各地影视城之冠,故被誉为“中国一绝”。
西部影视城已逐步将单纯参观型的旅游点发展成既有观光价值,又有为游客制作影视片及餐饮、购物、陶艺、骑射等多样化服务的娱乐型旅游区。
镇北堡历经数百年沧桑,以其雄浑、古朴的风格,成为贺兰山东麓风景旅游景观;并以它那特有的神秘韵味,引起了中国许多著名电影艺术家的浓厚兴趣,被艺术家们称赞为“神秘的宝地。
在被誉为“东方好莱坞”的宁夏西部影视城,自1993年成立以来,已接待国内外摄制组近100家,主要影片有《大话西游》、《新龙门客栈》、《双旗镇刀客》、《大旗英雄传》、《红河谷》、《黄河绝恋》、《越光宝盒》、《刺陵》等,现在,镇北堡已成为中国西部题材和古代题材的电影电视最佳外景拍摄基地。
游历完整个影视城后终于明白,为什么宁夏人民称它为宁夏之宝。因为作为一个外乡人的我,也早已被它深深吸引。
介绍宁夏的导游词篇四
宁夏回族自治区简称宁,位于祖国西北部的黄河中上游地区,地处北纬35°14’~39°23’、东经104°17’~107°39’之间。东邻陕西省,西部与北部接内蒙古自治区,南部与甘肃省相连,总面积6.64万平方公里。地形南北狭长,地势南高北低,自北向南为贺兰山地、宁夏平原、六盘山地。宁夏南北相距456公里,东西相距约250公里。宁夏地处黄土高原与内蒙古高原的过渡地带,从地貌类型看,南部以流水侵蚀的黄土地貌为主,中部和北部以干旱剥蚀、风蚀地貌为主。境内有较为高峻的山地和广泛分布的丘陵,也有由于地层断陷又经黄河冲积而成的冲积平原,还有台地和沙丘。地表形态复杂多样。据20xx年初统计资料显示,宁夏地形中丘陵占38%,平原占26.8%,山地占15.8%,台地占17.6%,沙漠占1.8%。平均海拔为1090-20xx米。贺兰山是宁夏平原的天然屏障,主峰敖包圪垯海拔3556米。黄河从中北部穿越12个市县,境内流程397公里。
宁夏地处内陆,属温带大陆性半干旱气候。跨东部季风区和西北干旱区,西南靠近青藏高寒区,大致处在我国三大自然区的交汇、过渡地带。年平均气温为5℃~9℃,昼夜温差大。年降水量一般为200~600毫米。全年日照达3000小时,无霜期170天左右,是中国日照和太阳辐射最充足的地区之一。
宁夏是中华远古文明的发祥地之一。宁夏灵武水洞沟旧石器时代晚期人类活动遗址和出土文物表明,早在3万年前就有人类在这里繁衍生息。
春秋战国时期,境内就开始修筑闻名世界的长城。秦始皇统一中国后,派兵在宁夏屯垦,开始了引黄河水灌溉的历史,到汉代(前206~220),这里农耕经济已相当繁荣。唐代天宝十四载(755)爆发了“安史之乱”,太子李亨进入宁夏,在灵武登基称帝,史称唐肃宗。当时,宁夏已成为中国东西交通贸易的重要通道之一。北宋宝元元年(1038),党项族首领李元昊以宁夏为中心建立了大夏国,史称西夏,定都兴庆府(今银川市)。蒙古灭西夏后,于元至元二十四年(1287)设宁夏府路,始有“宁夏”地名。明设宁夏卫。清设宁夏府。民国初年,宁夏府改为朔方道,1920xx年成立宁夏省。1949年中华人民共和国成立后,于1954年撤销宁夏省。1958年10月25日成立宁夏回族自治区。
宁夏矿产资源丰富,农业、能源和旅游优势突出。全区有耕地128.8万公顷。其中水浇地33.3万多公顷。有待开发的宜农荒地66万余公顷,其中可开发水产养殖的荒滩13.3万公顷、荒水面积5.6万公顷,有草场300万公顷。已发现的矿产资源有50多种,人均自然资源潜在价值为全国平均价值的163.5%,居全国第五位。尤其是非金属矿产资源丰富,主要有煤炭、石膏、石油、天然气等。石膏蕴藏量居全国第一。全区近三分之一的土地下蕴藏有丰富的煤炭资源,探明储量300多亿吨,居全国第五位。仅灵武煤田探明储量就达270多亿吨,相当于中国东北地区探明储量的总和。全国十大煤种,宁夏就有9种。世界著名的优质无烟煤太西煤,年出口量达100万吨。地跨宁夏的陕甘宁盆地天然气田,已探明储量20xx多亿立方米,是世界特级大气田。
自治区下辖银川、石嘴山、吴忠、固原、中卫5个地级市,兴庆、金凤、西夏、大武口、惠农、原州6个市辖区,灵武、青铜峡2个县级市,永宁、贺兰、平罗、同心、盐池、中宁、海原、泾源、西吉、隆德、彭阳11个县和红寺堡开发区(县级移民开发区),首府银川市。
宁夏有回、汉等35个民族,20xx年末总人口603.73万人,其中汉族377.42万人、回族206.49万人。宁夏是我国最大的回族聚居区,回族群众信仰伊斯兰教。
中国回族形成于元代。关于回族的来源可以上溯到公元七世纪中叶,那时就有阿拉伯和波斯商人到中国经商和留居。元代大批中亚人、波斯人和阿拉伯人来到中国,由于通婚和社会经济关系,与汉、维吾尔、蒙古等族在长期相处的过程中形成回回民族。早在宋代,就有信仰伊斯兰教的波斯人在宁夏经商定居。元代大批中亚阿拉伯的穆斯林与蒙古人一起,迁今宁夏屯垦戍边。元末明初回族逐渐形成,宁夏回族进入一个相对稳定发展的时期。
回族人居宁夏,最早可追溯到唐末。到北宋、西夏时期,东来的穆斯林多从玉门、酒泉经西夏属地至中原。到元代,大批阿拉伯人、波斯人、中亚人被征调或迁徙,以半军事、半屯牧的形式生存。明初,大批回回人以“归附土达”身份被安插到灵州(今灵武市一带)及固原各州县,加之不断迁徙来宁夏开发、屯垦的回回人,形成了许多回族聚居点。到了清乾隆年间,“宁夏至平凉千里,尽系回庄”,宁夏回族人口剧增。至同治年间(1862-1874年),西北回民反清起义遭到残酷镇压,义军及眷属被迁赶到偏僻地区,其中部分回民移居灵州、化平(今宁夏泾源县)、隆德、海原等县。
作为宁夏主体民族的回族,信仰伊斯兰教。在宁夏回族聚居地区,建有不同建筑形式和不同规模的清真寺3000多座,有阿訇约4000名。回族穆斯林群众一般信奉五项“功课”即:念、礼、斋、课、朝。回族的传统节日有开斋节、古尔邦节(又称宰牲节)和圣纪节三大节日。自治区和各市、县建有各级宗教社会团体即伊斯兰教协会,管理自己的宗教生活。自治区在银川市开办了宁夏伊斯兰经学院,在同心县开办了同心阿拉伯语专修学校,帮助穆斯林群众培养了大批有宗教学识的人才。除伊斯兰教外,宁夏还有群众信仰、佛教、天主教、基督教、道教。自治区人民政府对各种宗教一视同仁,群众正常的宗教活动受到保护,各种宗教人士在宁夏长期和睦相处。
宁夏回族在衣着、饮食、起居卫生、婚嫁、丧葬等方面形成了独具特色的风俗习惯。回族男性都喜欢戴白色的小圆帽,穿黑色的马甲。回族妇女还喜欢戴盖头,戴金银耳环、戒指、手镯等。回族特别讲究卫生,室内外清洁整齐,灶具洁净。平时洗手、洗脸多用汤瓶,沐浴用吊罐。
回族喜欢吃牛、羊、骆驼等反刍类的偶蹄目食草动物肉,也吃鸡、鸭、鹅、鱼肉,禁食猪肉,不食动物血液和自死的禽畜。虔诚的教徒食用的禽畜,必须由阿訇代宰。回族一般不吸烟,不喝酒,男女老少都爱喝泡有冰糖、茶叶、枸杞、核桃仁、芝麻、桂圆、红枣、果脯等营养佐料的“八宝”盖碗茶。喜庆节日,回族多制作油香、馓子、油果等油炸食品。有尊贵客人时,会以丰盛的“全羊席”和各种回族小吃热情接待。婚姻方面,实行一夫一妻制。回族婚礼很隆重,且有许多宗教和民族的特点。如举行婚礼时,要请阿訇念“尼卡哈”,即用阿拉伯经文进行证婚和祝贺。回族丧葬简易,实行土葬、薄葬。葬礼包括清洁埋体、白布裹尸、阿訇主持举行宗教祈祷仪式、入葬四道程序。
清真寺,又称礼拜寺。阿拉伯语为“麦斯吉德”,意即叩头的地方。既是伊斯兰教信徒聚众礼拜的场所,某些地方又兼有文化教育中心、社会活动中心的功用。宁夏清真寺的创建从元代开始,经明、清两代,清真寺的数量和规模得到了相当的发展。拱北,是伊斯兰教某地域杰出人物的陵园。道堂,是伊斯兰教某分支宗教领导人礼拜、诵经、讲学和居住的地方。宁夏伊斯兰建筑集中反映了伊斯兰文化与中国传统文化相结合的过程,并具有鲜明的地方文化特色和民族个性。