当工作或学习进行到一定阶段或告一段落时，需要回过头来对所做的工作认真地分析研究一下，肯定成绩，找出问题，归纳出经验教训，提高认识，明确方向，以便进一步做好工作，并把这些用文字表述出来，就叫做总结。总结书写有哪些要求呢？我们怎样才能写好一篇总结呢？以下是小编为大家收集的总结范文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
英语虚拟语气的归纳总结篇一
概述：
如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢？ 1.i wish i were a request that you be here tomorrow.也许你会说:“哈哈，第一句的 i were 错了，应该是 i was；而第二句中的 you be是什么东东呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!” 其实上面的句子都是一种称为 subjunctive 类型的句子。subjunctive mood 有的书译为“假设语气”，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。subjunctive mood中文译作“虚拟语气”，似乎不及“假设语气”那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(subjunctive present)和虚拟过去(subjunctive past)两种；但它们和时态(tenses)上所指的现在时态(present tense)和过去时态(past tense)是有所不同的
一、虚拟现在(subjunctive present):
虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如：
1.1 现在时态(simple present):(右边为虚拟语气)i work----i work you work----you work he works----he work(注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works)she works----she work(不是 she works 喔）
it works----it work(同样不是 it works 喔)we work----we work they work----they work 1.2 现在进行时态(present continuous)右边为虚拟语气）
i am working----i be working(注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)
you are working----you be working he is working----he be working she is working----she be working it is working----it be working we are working----we be working they are woring----they be working 1.3 现在完成时态(present perfect)右边为虚拟语气)i have worked----i have worked you have worked----you have worked he has worked-----he have worked(用的还是have喔)she has worked----she have worked it has worked----it have worked we have worked----we have worked they have worked----they have worked 1.4 现在完成进行时态(present perfect continuous)右边为虚拟语气)i have been working----i have been working you have been working----you have been working he has been working----he have been working(是 he have, 不是 he has)she has been working----she have been working it has been working---it have been working we have been working----we have been working they have been working----they have been working
二、虚拟过去(subjunctive past)
虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去 中要用 were。
2.1 过去时态(simple past)右边为虚拟语气)i worked----i worked you worked----you worked he worked----he worked she worked----she worked it worked----it worked we worked----we worked they worked----they worked 2.2 过去进行时态(past continuous)右边为虚拟语气)i was working----i were working（注意是 i were）
you were working----you were working he was working----he were working(是 he were 喔)she was working----she were working it was working----it were working we were working----we were working they were working----they were working 2.3 过去完成时态(past perfect)右边为虚拟语气)i had worked----i had worked you had worked----you had worked he had worked----he had worked she had worked----she had worked it had worked----it had worked we had worked----we had worked they had worked----they had worked(耶，全部都用 had!)2.4 过去完成进行时态(past perfect continuous)右边为虚拟语气
i had been working----i had been working you had been working----you had been working he had been working----he had been working she had been working----she had been working it had been working----it had been working we had been working----we had been working they had been working----they had been working(全部都是 had been 喔）
三、简单的祝愿和命令： 3.1 祝愿
you be happy.(注意那个 be)祝你幸福。
you have a good the friendship between us last long, a good journey!祝你旅途愉快！3.2 命令
注意：1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(simple present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not。
! harder! more alert!(虚拟语气动词 be) go out! not work so hard.(do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)'t be afraid.(口语中常用don't 代替 do not)
四、在现在时态句里，用情态动词(modal verb)的过去时态
(could,might,should,would)表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼、委婉等： you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.(情态动词 would,表示客气有礼) would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)
五、虚拟语气在宾语从句(subordinate clasue)中的用法： 5.1 在wish后的虚拟语气宾语从句(可省略它的that)：
表示：a.和现在的事实相反；
b.和过去的事实相反；
c.对将来的主观愿望。
5.1.1 现在情况的虚拟，从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)：
1.i wish(that可省略,下同)i knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式 knew)
我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2.i wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)
但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3.i wish i were a bird.(wish, were)
但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能,难道是鸟人？呵呵) she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) that he is in china, he wishes he understood chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)5.1.2 过去情况的虚拟，从句动词用“had + 过去分词”（时间上较前): 1.i wish(that可省略，下同)i hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)4.i wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) will wish they had listened to us sooner.(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)5.1.3 将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)，从句动词用“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(时间上较后):
(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同喔)1.i wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)2.i wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)4.i wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)为了这个wish的部份，可花了我不少时间喔。i wish you would appreciate my work.5.2 除了wish之外，下列各动词(如 suggest)的后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，其谓语用 ：“should + 动词原形”表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气： * suggest(建议), recommend(推荐), advise(劝告), propose(建议)* insist(坚持), consent(允诺)* decide(决定), order(命令)* request(要求), demand(要求), desire(期望), ask(要求)* maintain(主张), urge(催促)1.i suggest that we(should 可省略,下同)start the meeting at once.(suggest, should + start)(表示建议立即开会) doctor suggested that he(should)try to lose his weight.(suggested, should + try)(表示建议你应该减肥喔) insisted that all of us(should)be there on time by any mains.(insisted, should + be)(表示坚持,无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没用哩！) insisted that we(should)tell him the news.(insisted, should + tell)(表示非要你告诉他不可) ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.(ordered, should + wash)(表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)
六、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：
下列名词后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should + 动词原形” 表示虚拟语气： * demand(要求), desire(请求),requirment(要求)* advice(劝告), recommendation(建议),suggestion(建议)* order(命令)* necessity(必要地), preference(优先)* proposal(计划), plan(计划), idea(办法) advice is that we(should 可省略，下同)leave at once.(名词advice，should + leave)(表示加以劝告) idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.(idea, should + get)(表示做出主意)3.i make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.(proposal, should + hold)(表示做出计划)虚拟语气之类的语法真是错综复杂，不是一时半刻就能弄清楚的。再会
七、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
句型：it is(或was)+ 形容词(或过去分词)+ that …… +should + 动词原 形……
句子：it is natural that she should do so.(形容词natural, should+动词原 形do)常用的形容词：
* natural(自然的), appropriate(适当的),advisable(合适的), preferable(更可取的), better(更好的)* necessary(必须的), important(重要的), imperative(急需的), urgent(急迫的), essential(本质的), vital(必不可少的)* probable(很可能的), possible(可能的)* desirable(极好的)常用的过去分词(past participle): * required(需要的), demanded(要求), requested(被请求的), desired(要求)* suggested(建议), recommended(推荐)* orderd(命令) is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have)(表示有需要去散步) was necessary that we(should)make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make)(表示有必要事先做好准备) is required that nobody(should)smoke here.(required, should + smoke)(表示要求不要在此抽烟) is important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rule of school.(important, should + be)(表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)'s important that we(should)take good care of the patient.(important, should + take)(表示重要的是照顾好病人)
八、虚拟语气在条件从句(protasis)中的用法： 条件从句有两类：（1）真实条件句；（2）虚拟条件句。如果假设情况有可能发生的，就是“真实条件句”。如：
time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为“虚拟条件句”。如：
it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）这回我们要谈的就是关于“虚拟条件句”的一些句型。
* 这种句子一般由“从句”（subordinate clause)和“主句”(main clause)组成。如上 例：
if it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.“if it had rained yesterday” 就是“从句”；“we would have stayed at home” 则为“主句。
* 无论”从句“或”主句“的谓语都要用虚拟语气。它们所用的动词有三种时态(tenses)，就是：
现在时态、过去时态、将来时态。* 句型：
8.1 与现在事实相反的假设(事情的发生都在同一时间内): 从句：if + 主语 + 动词的过去式(be 用 were)+ ……
主句：主语 + would(should, could , might)+ 动词原形 + ……
i were you, i would go with him.(从句 if i were you, 主句 i would go with him.) i were you, i should buy it.(从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形 buy) i had time, i would study french.(如果有时间，我会学习法文。）
（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形 study）
she knew english, she would not ask me for help.(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)
(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：”主语 + would be + 进行式动词 + ……“ they were here, he would be speaking to them now.(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用 would be speaking)8.2 与过去事实相反的假设(假设从句的事实为过去的事)：
从句：if + 主语 + had +过去完成式动词 + ……
主句：主语 + would(should, could, might)+ have +过去完成式动词 +……
you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)
如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)
如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。
you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用 have caught)
如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。 it had snowed, i would have skied in the park.(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用 have skied)
如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。
注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：”i主语 + would + have + 完成进行式动词+……
they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用 have been speaking)8.3 与将来的事实可能相反(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)：
从句：if + 主语 + should(或were)+ 动词原形 +……
主句：主语 + would(could, should, might)+ 动词原形 +……
it should rain, the crops would be saved.(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用 be)
如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。
he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用 tell)
如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。
he were here, i would give him the books.(从句动词用 were, 主句动词用 give)
如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。
注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句喔)要用：“if + 主语 + 过去进行式动词+……” she were staying here now, i would let her ride my horse.(从句动词用 were staying, 主句动词用 let)
如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。
8.4 从句的 if 有时可省略，那么从句中的动词(were, had, should)就得移到主语前 面：
1.原句：if she were younger, she would do it.去if：were she younger, she would do it.(把动词were移到主语she的前面)2.原句：if he had tried it, he could have done it.去if：had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)8.5 有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1.i could help you.(只有主句）
i had time.(只有从句）
should have come to the meeting.(只有主句) he had much more money.(只有从句)8.6 有时虚拟条件句的从句和主句地动词动作时态会不一致：
8.6.1 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
if they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.8.6.2 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
if i were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, i would have gone to see the film with you last night.8.6.3 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
if we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.8.6.4 从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
if we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, i would go shopping now.九、其他虚拟语气在句子中的应用：
9.1 用as if(或 as though 好象)的状语从句，表示与事实相反：
pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）
他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。
old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)
那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。
talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)
他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。
9.2 用 had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情。
其宾语从句的谓语要用“would + 动词原形”：
1.i had hoped that she would go to the study there, but she said she liked to stay in china.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中 国。
9.3 用 without / but for / in the absence of 表示“要不是”、“如果没有”，表 示条件虚拟句：
t air, nothing could live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。
for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。
the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。练习：
surely desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in the travel schedules.√ s ed informed at the terrible trouble i your advice! √ followed follow followed 3.i wish go to the movie with you tonight, but i have to finish myhomework then.a.i can √b.i could c.i will d.i would ble, we would certainly have sent him to the was n’t john √ john been had been 5.i would have come sooner but i that you were ’t known ’t known √’t know known you had told me in advance, i him at the airport.√ have met meet met ody has ’s time we the meeting. start started start √d does not dare to leave the house in will recognize √ should be recognized
is recognized recognizes in looked as though he ill for a long been √ been 10.i’d rather you about it for the time ’t think √’t think not think not thought is necessary that mark in time to attend the meeting.√ come is working hard for fear that behind fall behind √ fall behind fall behind is imperative that hurst wood to hospital at taken be taken √ be taken be taken driver looked over the engine carefully lest it on the down down break down √ break down ow, i ivory would surely be she comes she comes break down √ break down
is highly desirable that a new chairman for the be elected elected √ elected talks as if she on the √ been 18.i didn’t go to the i do wish i √ been is requested that every student a plan for the nest √ make make librarian recommended that the professor the newly published books.√ ed have borrowed ing if she there, margaret could not have done anything being √ been
22.i don’t think it advisable that darcy the job as a secretary since he has no experience.√ assigned be assigned assigned been assigned
英语虚拟语气的归纳总结篇二
2011——2012年第一学期期末语法课考试题型
elements(10 points)
read the sentences and analyse the clause elements in each of the letters s,v,o,c and a to represent the various elements:
subject
(s)verb
(v)object
(o)complement
(c)adverbial
(a)
the first sentence is an livingstone | lived | in africa | for more than ten years.s
v
a
a
filling(20 points)fill in the blank with the verb given in the le choice(20 points)there are twenty incomplete sentences in this each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and the one that best completes the your answer in the numbered squares filling(10 points)fill in the blanks in the following short passage, using appropriate articles or other correction(10 points)this is a composition written by a 13-year-old t the grammatical errors in the following the corrected version ation(20 points)ate the following sentences into english.(2 points each)
ate the following sentences into chinese.(3 points each)
ent, question, command, exclamation(10 point)read the following headlines taken from punctuation marks have been left each headline, write in the blank the type of communicative function they serve: statement, question, command or exclamation.
英语虚拟语气的归纳总结篇三
the subjunctive mood虚拟语气(必修6)
teaching goals 教学目标
language 目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
wish， aggressive, scholar, in the flesh
b.重点句式
i wish...were / did...if...were / did...,...would / could / should / might do...y goals能力目标
enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly in different goals 情感目标
enable the students to use the subjunctive mood to express their emotion teaching important and difficult points 教学重难点
enable the students to use the correct form of the subjunctive ng methods教学方法
summarizing;comparative method;practicing ng aids教具准备
a projector and a ng procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
step ⅰpresentation
at first, give the students an example to present what the subjunctive mood is andin what situations we should use the subjunctive , show them the sentence structures of the subjunctive mood.t: now please listen to the following example: suppose i’m a basketball fan, yao1
ming is coming here to play a basketball game this unfortunately, i haven’t got a ticket for it.i feel sorry about that and what should i say in this situation? iwill say: i wish i watched the basketball game./ if i had got a ticket, i would go to watch the basketball you ever heard such kind of sentences?
ss: use the subjunctive mood.t: then do you know what is the subjunctive mood and in what situations weshould use the subjunctive mood?
s: the subjunctive mood is used when we want to express a wish, request,recommendation or report of a command.s: also, the subjunctive mood is used to express something that is contrary to thefact, highly unlikely or doubtful.t: can we show our feelings in such situations? we can use the following two sentence structures to express our t + wish + object clause
time verb object clause
now： wish would do / could do / were / did
past： wished had been / done
future： wish would do / could do / were / did
2.“if” clause..., main clause...time verb main clause
now： were / did would / could / should / might do
past： had done would / could / should / might have done
future： were / did would / could / should / might do
samples:
fact request subjunctive mood
not getting a ticket(if i got a ticket,)watch the game(i could watch the game.)i wish i watched the basketball having wings(if i had wings,)fly in the sky(i could fly in the sky.)i would flyfreely in the having enough money(if i had enough money,)buy a new computer(i couldbuy a new computer.)i could buy a new ⅱ practice
first, show the students some more raise some questions and askthem to discuss them according to the situations in groups of four, using thesubjunctive last, get them to show their sentences.t: now i’d like to give you some more discuss how to answer thequestions using the subjunctive mood in groups of them on the has been living with aids for many she is celebrating her
birthday with her you were helen, what kind of wishes would you make?
is said that a falling star can let your dreams come you saw a fallingstar, what kind ofwishes would you make?
s a falling star, a magic lamp can also let your dreams come youhad a magic lamp, what would you ask it to do for you?
after discussion
t: all right, now who would like to be volunteers to speak out your wishes?ss: if i were helen, i would ask for living longer / follow the doctors’ advice.(i wish i had a longer life / i followed the doctors’ advice.)
if i saw a falling star, i would promise to have a flourish future./ i would promise
to make my parents happy forever.(i wish i would have a flourish future / make my parents happy forever.)
if i had a magic lamp, i would ask it help the poor / i would ask it to bring peace tothe whole world.(i wish it could help the poor / bring peace to the whole world.)
step ⅲ consolidation
ask the students to do exercises 1 ＆ 2 in discovering useful structures on page 4and exercises 1-4 in using structures on page check the ⅳhomework
write five sentences by using the subjunctive mood
英语虚拟语气的归纳总结篇四
英语（高中）虚拟语气教案
年级：高三
教师：张勇
2018年1月23日
一、教学主题：虚拟语气
二、教学内容：if引导的虚拟条件句
三、教学目标：①掌握if引导的虚拟条件句的一般形式（与现在、过去、将来 事实相反的情况）
②掌握虚拟语气中if引导的错综时间条件句 ③掌握if省略句的构成
虚拟语气的含义：虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议与事实不符的假设等等，而不表示客观存在的事实。
知识点一：表示与现在事实相反的情况
eg: if i were you, i would take an umbrella.从例句得出相应的语法结构：
从句：if+主语+动词一般过去时（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形
知识点二：表示与过去事实相反的情况
eg: if i had got there earlier, i should/would have met her.从例句得出相应的语法结构： 从句：if+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done
知识点三：表示与将来事实相反的情况
从句：①if+主语+should+动词原形
②if+主语+were to+动词原形
③if+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）
主句：主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形 eg: if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to she were to be here next monday, i would tell her about the you were there next month, we would play basketball with you.知识点四：
注意：①，错综时间条件句
含义：当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
eg：if you had studied hard before, you would be a college student they had informed us, we would come here now.②，if省略句
在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
eg: if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to him.变为：should he come here tomorrow, i would talk to she were to be here next monday, i would tell her about the matter.变为：were she to be here next monday, i would tell her about the you were there next month, we would play basketball with you.变为：were you there next month, we would play basketball with you had studied hard before, you would be a college student ce：习题讲练
1, if he should not ____ tomorrow, we should put off the come
come
come
2, if they were to ____ the research next tuesday, i would come with
done
done 3, if she worked hard next month, we would improve her
worked
worked 4, if you had listened to my advice before, you ____ better
be
have been 5, should he not ____ tomorrow, we should put off the come
come
come
6, were they to ____ the research next tuesday, i would come with
done
done 7, had you listened to my advice before, you ____ better
be
have been 3
英语虚拟语气的归纳总结篇五
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理
英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：
1.虚拟语气
he is honest.他很诚实。（陈述语气）
don‘t be late next time.下次别迟到。（祈使语气）
if i were you，i would not go.我要是你，我就不会去。（虚拟语气）i wish i had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多钱就好了。（虚拟语气）2第一类
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如： if i have time，i will go.假若我有时间，我就去。（陈述语气）
if i were you，i would go.假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气）
条件句的谓语时态类型 主句谓语形式 例句 形式
i were you, i should 动词过去式 与现在事实would/should/could/might+ v原study 相反 形 2.i would certainly go if *be 多用were i had time. you had taken my
advice, you would not have 动词过去完成would/should/could/might + failed in the test.式 have done i had left a little had done earlier, i would have caught the train.与过去事实相反
you came tomorrow, we ①动词过去式 would have the meeting.① 与将来事实would/should/could/might + v②should +v it were to rain 相反 原形 原 tomorrow, the meeting ③were + to do would be put off.③
*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）
注：特别说明
1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
if you tried again，you would succeed.要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)if you tried again，you might succeed.要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)if you tried again，you could succeed.要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
2、错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
if it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
you would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
3、if虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：if it weren’t for„和if it hadn’t been for„，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：
if it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。
if it hadn’t been for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=but for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=without your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。
4、if虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：
were i in school again(= if i were in school again), i would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。
had you asked me, i would have told you.(=if you had asked me,„)如果你问我，我会告诉你。
3第二类
使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：
1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1）we hope they will come.(we don’t know if they can come.)
（2）we wish they could come.(we know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来。
only 与 i wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：
if only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。
if only i had listened to my parents!我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
if only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿做什么”，具体用法为：
① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
i’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
i’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你没有这样说过。
if(though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例： he acts as if he knew me.他显得认识我似的。
they treat me as though i were a stranger.他们待我如陌生人。
he talks as if he had been abroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1)从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
it looks as if we’ll be late.我们似乎要迟到了。
(2)注意 it isn’t as if„的翻译：
it isn’t as if he were poor.他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
4第三类
从句中should+动词原形，should可省略
1.在 lest，for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
she walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
2.表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct督促urge提议move, vote希望desire坚持insist打算intend安排arrange 例如：
i insisted that he(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。
he urged that they go to europe.他督促他们到欧洲去。
he suggested that we shouldleave early.他建议我们早点动身。
he ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。
i ask that he leave.我要求他走开。
he requires that i(should)appear.他要求我出场。
i move that we accept the proposal.我提议通过这项提案。
he arranged that i should go abroad.他安排我去国外。
she desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。
the general directed that the prisoners should be set free.将军指示释放那些俘虏。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气
比较：
he insisted that ihad read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。
he insisted that i should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。
he suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。
i suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。
,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
l “it is(was)+ 紧急 重要--带感情色彩
上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词 或
important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词 后的主语从句
is ordered that the army(should)get there by 4 is necessary that she(should)be sent there at once.注：*it is necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper,obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.；it is a pity；it is requested/suggested/desired/proposed
第四类
it’s time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了
*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)
’s time we went [were going, should go].我们该走了。
it’s time i was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)
it's time = it is(the very/high/right/about)time
第五类
表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。
may godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。
may you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。
第六类
在少数句型中，谓语用虚拟语气。
1）有that引导的句子（表示愿望或沮丧情绪）that the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下来。
2）由would that引导的句子（表示但愿）would that he wear gone.但愿他已走掉。
3）由to think引导的句子（表示没想到）to think that i trusted him.没想到我竟然信了他。5 wish和as if
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish(that)+ 从句主语 + 动词过去式（be 一律用were）
例如：i wish i knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。
i wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。
we wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish(that)+ 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词 例如：i wish that you had called yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。
i wish that i could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。
i didn’t go to the party, but i do wish i had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：主语 + wish(that)+ 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如：i wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。
i wish that someday i should live on the wish that they would come if 引出的虚拟。
as if„.表好像„„我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：it is as if„„。(就好象是„„)
as if + 从句，主句。（好像„„ sb.+ do„）表达一种假设的条件。而 as if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。
l.33 a day to remember 中原句，“as if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。
注：something is to happened，i'm to face it。
6注意事项
使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：
1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
if you had followed my advice just now, you would be better you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.2．if 省略句在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 变为倒装句式。如： if i were at school again, i would study harder.→ were i at school again, i would study you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→ had you come earlier, you would catch the it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→ should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：were it not for the expense, i would go abroad now.但不能说：weren't it for the expense, i would go abroad now.3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
what would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)
we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(= if we hadn't got your help)
but for the rain(= if it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.4．含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
i was ill that ise, i would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)he telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or i would have known nothing about it.(连词)
a man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.（定语从句）i might have given you more help, but i was too busy.(连词)
everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly.(独立主格结构)
混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气
1。混合型虚拟语气：
当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为“混合条件句”，这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如：
if you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had+过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在，因此用would+动词原形)
2.含蓄型虚拟语气：
有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中
（1）.用but for、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句，如
without electricity human life would be quite different=if there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different
(2)用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。如： i lost your ise,i would have visited you long before.=i lost your i hadn't lost your address ,i would have visited you long before.(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如：
he would have given you more help,but he was too busy
他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙
he would lose weight,but he eats too much
他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多
