在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
外贸函电发盘英文及中文篇一
1.我们愿与贵公司建立商务关系。
2.我们希望与您建立业务往来。
3.我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务,希望与贵方建立商务关系。 例句:
are willing to eatablish trade relations with your company.
allow us to express our hope of opening an account with you.
corporation is specialized in handing the import and export business in electronic products and wishes to enter into business relations with you.
b.自我推荐
1.请容我们自我介绍,我们是……首屈一指的贸易公司。
2.本公司经营这项业务已多年,并享有很高的国际信誉。
3.我们的产品质量一流,我们的客户一直把本公司视为最可信赖的公司。 例句:
us introduce ourselves as a leading trading firm in…
company has been in this line of business for many years and enjoys high
international prestige.
products are of very good quality and our firm is always regarded by our
customers as the most reliable one.
c.推销产品
1.我们从……获知贵公司的名称,不知贵公司对这一系列的产品是否有兴趣。
2.我们新研制的……已推出上市,特此奉告。
3.我们盼望能成为贵公司的……供应商。
4.我们的新产品刚刚推出上市,相信您乐于知道。
5.相认您对本公司新出品的……会感兴趣。
例句:
name has been given by…and we like to inquire whether you are interested in these lines.
are pleased to inform you that we have just marketed our newly-developed….
are pleased to get in touch with you for the supply of….
will be interested to hear that we have just marketed our new product.
will be interested in our new product…….
d.索取资料
1.我们对贵方的新产品……甚感兴趣,希望能寄来贵公司的产品目录及价目表。
2.我们从纽约时报上看到贵公司的广告,但愿能收到产品的价目表及详细资料。
3.获知贵公司有……已上市,希望能赐寄完整的详细资料。
4.如蒙赐寄贵公司新产品的详细资料,我们将深表感激。
5.如蒙赐寄有关……的样品和价目表,我们将甚为感激。
例句:
are interested in your new product…and shall be pleased to have a catalog and price list.
have seen your advertisement in the new york times and should be glad to have your price lists and details of your terms.
hear that you have put…on the market and should be glad to have full details.
should appreciate full particulars of your newly developed product.
should be obliged if you would send us patterns (or samples)and price lists of your….
e.寄发资料
1.很高兴寄你一邮包,内装……
2.欣寄我方目录,提供我方各类产品的详细情况。
3.欣然奉上我方产品样品,在贵方展厅展出。
4.为使贵方对我方各种款式的手工艺品有一初步了解,今航邮奉上我方目录和 一些样品资料,供您们参考。
例句:
are pleased to send you by parcel post a package containing…
have pleasures in sending you our catalogue, which gives full information
about our various products.
should be pleased to let you have samples to give a demonstration at your premises.
order to give you some idea of various qualities of handicrafts we carry, we have pleasure in forwarding you by airmail one catalogue and a few sample books for your perusal.
f.附寄资料
1.随函附上本公司新出品的……样品,请查收。
2.随函附上购货合同第××号两份,希查收,谅无误。请会签并退我方一份备案。
3.我们很高兴地附上询价单第××号,请贵方报离岸价格。
4.我们确认向贵方购买……,随函附上订单确认书供参照。
例句:
will find enclosed with this letter a sample of new….
please find two copies of purchase contract no.…,which we trust will be found in sign and return one copy for our file.
have pleasure in enclosing our file.
confirm having purchased from you ….a confirmation order is enclosed for
your reference.
g.请求做代理商
1.我们深盼与英国公司接洽,希望成为其销售代理商之一。
2.如蒙考虑担任销售你们……代理商,我们将十分高兴。
例句:
are anxious to contact some british firms with a view to acting as their selling angents.
should be glad if you would consider our application to act as agents for the sale of your….
h.请求报价
1.兹函请提供……的报价。
2.请将定期供应……之报价赐知。
3.请将下列货品的最低价格赐知。
例句:
are writing to invite quotations for the supply of….
let us have a quotation for the regular supply for….
quote us your lowest prices for the goods listed below.
i.询价
1.随函寄上询价单一份。
2.如果贵方对……感兴趣,请告具体询价。
3.一收到贵方具体询价单,我方马上航空邮上样品册并报价。
例句:
are enclosing here with an inquiry sheet.
you are interested in our…,please let us know with a specific inquiry.
and sample books will be airmailed to you upon receipt of your specific inquiry.
j.价格
1.我们发现你方报价比我们从其他地方收到的略为偏高,请你方降价,以适应竞争。
2.我们很抱歉地通知你方价格无竞争力,若贵方能降低价格,使我方可接受的话,我们仍对交易感兴趣。
例句:
find your quotation slightly higher than those we have received from other sources,and ask you to reduce your price to meet the competition.
re sorry to inform you that your price has been found uncompetitive, but were still interested in doing business if you can bring down your price to a level acceptable.
外贸函电发盘英文及中文篇二
外贸英语函电课后翻译参考答案中英文对照版
chapter two
1. 我们从中国驻东京大使馆商务参赞处 得知贵公司的行名和地址并了解贵公司是经营家用电器产品有经验的出口商
we obtained your name and address from commercial counsellor’s office of the chinese embassy in tokyo. they have informed us that you are experienced exporter in the market for home electrical appliances.
2. 我们的一个客户对你们的新产品感兴趣
one of our customers is interested in your new production.
3. 我们的一个日本客户想要购买中国红茶
one of our customers in japan wants to be in the market for black tea.
4. 如你所知我们的外贸政策是在平等互利的基础上与各国人民做生意
外贸函电发盘英文及中文篇三
外贸英语函电范文1
建立贸易关系的常用书信
letters for establishing business relations
writes to exporter
dear sirs,
we have obtained your address from the
commercial counsellor of your embassy in london and are now writing you for the establishment of business relations.
we are very well connected with all the major
dealers here of light industrial products, and feel
sure we can sell large quantities of chinese goods if we get your offers at competitive prices.
as to our standing, we are permitted to mention the bank of england, london, as a reference.
外贸函电发盘英文及中文篇四
to introduce myself(介绍我自己) hello,every one!(大家好)my name is **** . (我叫****) im a 15 years old boy. (我是一个15岁的男孩)(具体情况自己改) i live in the beautiful city of rizhao.(我住在美丽的rizhao城)(你可以把rizhao
改成自己家乡的城市的名称的拼音)im an active ,lovely and clever boy.(我是一个活跃的可爱的聪明的男孩) in the school , my favourite subject is maths . (在学校,我最喜欢数学) perhaps someone thinks its difficult to study well .(也许有些人认为这很难学)
but i like it.(但我喜欢他)i belive that if you try your best, everything can be done well.(我相信每件
事付出努力就会有害结果)
i also like sports very much.(我也很喜欢运动) such as,running,volleyball and so on. (像跑步、排球等等)im kind-hearted.(我很热心)i hope we can be good friends!(我希望我们能成为好朋友) is me .a sunny boy.(好了,这就是我,一个阳光男孩) 首先要看你写信的性质。是官方而正式的书信?还是朋友间的通信? 无论是哪一种,基本的英文书信格式应包括四大部分:日期,称呼,正文,和落款(包
括敬语)
1、朋友间的
october,16,2011(右起顶格) dear jimmy(左起顶格) im glad to receive your letter...(正文,开头空四格) yours sincerely,
jack(右下,包括敬语和落款)
2、官方、正式的书信信内应包含收信人地址(西方古时防止信封损坏地址无着而沿用至今的传统)、日期、称
呼、正文、落款等。其实官方的书信更多应该参考第3点,越全面越表示你对他们的重视。001th,happy road, 9th district 250013, new york, (地址同样顶格写,从小写到大) (以下同1)
october,16,2011(右起顶格)dear jimmy(左起顶格)im glad to receive your letter...(正文,开头空四格) yours sincerely,
jack(右下,包括敬语和落款)
3、更为严格的商务英语电函,包括有十几种元素。难度很大,但是是英文商务信函的必
(信头是寄信人地址、公司信息,收信人地址,经由转交,参考号,日期,称呼,主题,
正文,敬语,落款,签名,附注,附件等等) 提问者评价
谢谢,相当详细
评论(11)|128
按默认排序|按时间排序其他11条回答
2008-04-17 14:16dan6490341|七级先名字后日期
一般为:
yours truly
[提问者采纳]|评论(1)|17
2006-05-21 18:02chrintar|四级 英文书信的格式
1、 信头(heading)指发信人的姓名(单位名称)、地址和日期,一般写在信纸的右上角。一般公函或商业信函的信纸上都印有单位或公司的名称、地址、电话号码等,因此就只需在信头下面的右边写上写信日期就可以了。 英文地址的写法与中文完全不同,地址的名称按从小到大的顺序:第一行写门牌号码和街名;第二行写县、市、省、州、邮编、国名;然后再写日期。标点符号一般在每一行的末尾都不用,但在每一行的之间,该用的还要用,例如在写日期的时候。
2、 日期的写法:如:1997年7月30日,英文为:july 30,1997(最为普遍); july 30th,1997;30th july,1997等。1997不可写成97。
3、 信内地址(inside address): 在一般的社交信中,信内收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上,要求与对信头的要求一样,不必再写日期。
4、 称呼(salutation):是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般用逗号(英国式),也可以用冒号(美国式)。
(1)写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时,用dear或my dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名(这里指名字,不是姓氏)。例如:my dear father,dear tom等。
(2)写给公务上的信函用dear madam,dear sir或gentleman(gentlemen)。注意:dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。gentlemen总是以复数形式出现,前不加dear,是dear sir
的复数形式。
(3)写给收信人的信,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:dear prof. tim scales, dear dr. john smith。
5、 正文(body of the letter): 位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的是,正文中一般不用hello!(你好!)正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。在正文下面的一、二行处,从信纸的中间偏右处开始,第一个词开头要大写,句末用逗号。不同的对象,结束语的写法也不同。
(1)写给家人、亲戚,用your loving grandfather,lovingly yours,lovingly等;
(2)写给熟人、朋友,用yours cordially,yours affectionately等;
(3)写业务信函用truly yours(yours truly),faithfully yours(yours faithfully)等;
(4)对上级、长辈用yours obediently(obediently yours),yours respectfully(respectfully yours)等。
7、 签名(signature) :低于结束语一至二行,从信纸中间偏右的地方开始,在结束语的正下方,在签完名字的下面还要有用打字机打出的名字,以便识别。职务、职称可打在名字的下面。当然,写给亲朋好友的信,就不必再打了。
8、 附言(postscript) :一封信写完了,突然又想起遗漏的事情,这时用.表示,再写上遗漏的话即可,要长话短说。通常在信末签名下面几行的左方,应于正文齐头。 注意:在正式的信函中,应避免使用附言。
9、 附件(enclosure) :信件如果有附件,可在信纸的左下角,注上encl:或enc:例如:encl:2 photos(内附两张照片)。如果福建附件不止一项,应写成encl:或encs。我们有时可看到在称呼与正文之间有re:或subject:(事由)字样。一般在信纸的中间,也可与“称呼”对齐。还应在底下加横线,以引起读信人的注意,使收信人便于在读信之前就可了解信中的主要内容。事由一般在公务信函中使用,也可以省略。flat 3, building 3
41 zhongyuan road
zhengzhou textile institutezhengzhou, 450007
china
february 25, 2005
dear zhang li,
im sending you this short letter of thanks with a small present, which i hope
you will like. thank you very much for helping my father last sunday, when he broke
his legs on the stairs.
once again, my parents and i want to express our gratitude for all you have done for our family. you are such a warm-hearted student. best truly,
mahui
评论(5)|33
2006-05-21 19:59rafflesrules|五级 heres the format ive been using writing formal letters to various organisations:mr ....
associate professor ( desination, . manager) physical education and sports science(department)national institute of education14 may 2006 dear mr chia re: (subject)body of letter
yours sincerely
zhang yan (printed)(signature)
( your position)
(name of organisation)this should be sufficient for a formal letter, yup! 评论(1)|8
2008-04-17 14:15xiaozhu_2222|五级篇二:自我介绍英语(中文翻译)good morning. my name is xxx .it is really a great honor to have this opportunity
to introduce myself,and i hope i can make a good performance today.早上好。我的名字是某某某。非常荣幸能有这个机会来介绍我自己,我希望今天我能有个
外贸函电发盘英文及中文篇五
【发函】发挥自己想象,写一封和外国公司建立业务关系的函电,要求:
1.说明从何渠道得知对方公司名称和信息
2.对自己的公司做简单介绍
3.表示希望和对方建立业务关系
dear sirs
we have your name and address from the commercial counselor’s office of the japan embassy in china. we have the pleasure of write this letter to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you.
to give you a general introduce of our company. our company is one of the leading importers of mobile phones and enjoy a wide range of communication field .we have many years’ experience in this particular line of business and have concluded some satisfactory business all over the world.
外贸函电发盘英文及中文篇六
混合式:每一段的首行缩进两格。落款在信末中间靠右下的位置。
齐头式:信的所有内容都靠左,段与段之间空一行。
英文信函的习惯用法,由以下几个方面组成:
(1)信头 the heading 信头是指信纸上印刷或打印的企业名称、厂称、地址、电话号码、电报挂号、主管人姓名等。通常情况下,公司都会专门印制带有信头的信笺纸,包括发信人的姓名,地址,电话,传真等。当我们撰写传统信件时,直接使用这种信笺纸就可以。
(2)编号和日期 the reference number and the date
方便以后查信使用。your ref: (你方编号) our ref: (我方编号)
日期通常打印在信头的右下方位置,或在寄信人姓名和地址的下方位置。日期的英式写法是日、月、年;美式写法是月、日、年。为了避免误解,日期、年份用数字表示,月份则用英文表示,第一个字母要大写,也可用缩写。比如may,1998(美式写法);1,may,1998(英式写法)。
(3)信内地址 the inside address
与信封上的收信人名称和地址相同,通常打印在信纸的左侧,低于日期位置2—4行,也可在签字位置下2—4行。
书写收信单位名称时,应特别尊重对方的习惯,不能随意增删公司名称前的冠词the,也不能随意改用繁写及缩写,如company与co.之间不能互换,否则会被认为是不礼貌的行为。收信人地处的书写格式与信封相同。
(4)称谓 the salutation
在英文信函中,相同于“阁下”、“先生”等类礼貌性称谓,常用dear sirs”;称呼企业,公司的妇女组织常用madams,ladies;无具体收信人姓名用dear sir or madam 称呼收信者。
收信人是个人,就应在收信人姓名之前加称谓,如mr.(先生),mrs.(夫人),miss(小姐),hon(用于称呼市长、部长、大使等),pres.(总经理、会长、总统等),prof.(教授)等等。
(5)开头语the open sentences
开头语没有统一的格式,但习惯上先用客套的语句把收到对方来信的日期,主题及简单内容加以综合叙述,使对方一目了然这是答复哪一封去信的。如果是第一次通信,也可以利用开头语作必要的自我介绍,并表明目的要求。开头语一般与正文分开,自成一节,要求简单明了。
(6)正文 the body of the letter
正文的地位和内容与中文书信相同。在英文商业信函中,信文从称谓下两行起书写,行间相距一行,段落间空两行。信文以占信纸的四分之三为宜,四周留出一定空白,每一行左起第一字要取齐,右起第一字不必一律取齐,但尽量要考虑到整齐美观。
(7)结尾语the closing sentences
结尾语一般用来总结文本所谈的事项,提示对收信人的要求,如“希望来信来函定货”,“答复询问”等,另外也附加一些略带客套的语气。正文结束后,另起一段写结尾语。
(8)结束语 the complimentary close
英文商业信函的结尾是写信人的谦称,相当于“敬上”的意思。若收信者为公司,谦称则常用:
yours truly,truly yours,yours faithfully等;若收信者为个人,则常用:yours sincerely,sincerely yours等。需要注意的是,结尾的谦称后必须加逗号。
(9)签署 the signature
签署由两部分组成,一是写信人的签名,二是打印出的写信人的姓名。签名用钢笔或圆珠笔写在结尾谦称下5行的位置内。尽量不要用印章,用印章的话,说明该信件并非本人亲自过目,只是通函而已,不为人重视。为易于辨认,在签名下还应打印姓名,有时还将职衔一并打印。常见的职衔有:
chairman of the board of directors(董事长),president或genera1 manager(总经理),director(董事),stand director(常务董事),manager(经理),head of department(职员),manageress(女经理),
head of a department(处长),section chief(科长)等。
需要指出的是,写信人如要代表企业单位或代理签署时,应在结尾谦称下打印出全部大写的企业单位名称,然后才签署,以表明该信不是以写信人个人身份写的,信由所述事宜均由企业单位负责。
(10)、附件 enclosure
如果信中有附件,应在左下角注明encl. 或enc.。
例如: encls: 2 invoices
enc.: 1 b/lading
(11)其它
商业信函除上述内容外,还经常遇到以下情况: 1.写信人提请对方特定人员注意时,可在信内姓名及地址的下面或在称呼同一行之右侧说明,并加上attn.(attention的缩写)字祥,也可在字下划横线表示。
2.写信人为使对方迅速、正确地理解信所谈的主题与目的,常在信内列出“事由”项,记在信文的上方,并在subject底下划横线,以提醒对方注意。
3.为便于商业信函留存查阅并分清责任,书信下部注有发信人及打字员姓名的第一个字母,位于署名下两行的左下方。
4.为说明信所附附件,便于收信人清点,可在发信人及打字员姓名的字母下行加注。
5.如信文写完后需要补充一点,或加附与信文主题无关的简短内容时,可在信文末尾附件下加附言,用.(postscript的缩写)引导。 对国外商业业务往来信函的结构格式举例如下:
日期 may,20,1998,收信人 mach &.welson,
地址340 camedle ave kemlworttl,,
注意 attn:mr. jack g. johnson
scharfman bros. inc
cable address export一manufacturers telephones
信头 hempsts representatives一importers (516)292一1750
sauco 393 front street
telex: 96-7725 hempsted
new york 11550
称呼 dear sirs。
thank you for your interest in the meylan line of stopwatches,timing device,etc。
信文:
we are leased to inform you that we act as extensive export representatives for meylan corp。
p1ease advice if you are interested in receiving our full catalog and price list。
信尾谦称 very truly yours,
公司名称 schrtfman .
签 字
写信人姓名 michael seharfmah
附 件 encl. one
样信一:
1、收信人的邮箱
2、发信人的邮箱
3、写信日期:写日期时,请注意以下几点:
a. 年份要写完整,不能用03代替2003。
b. 月份要写英文名称,不能用数字来代替,如31/3/03 不能在正式的信件中出现。但是可
以用英文缩写,比如用aug.代替august。
4、时间
5、主题
6、称呼
7、正文
8、结束语
9、签名
10、联系方法:
外贸函电发盘英文及中文篇七
sample 1
dear sirs,
we know your name and address from the website of and note with pleasure the items of your demand just fall within the scope of our business line. first of all, we avail ourselves of this opportunity to introduce our company in order to be acquainted with you.
our firm is an chinese exporter of various canned foodstuffs. we highly hope to establish business relations with your esteemed company on the basis of mutual benefit in an earlier date. we are sending a catalogue and a pricelist under separate cover for your reference. we will submit our best price to you upon receipt of your concrete inquiry.
(我公司是一家中国的出口企业,主营各类罐头食品。我们非常希望能在双赢的基础上尽早同贵公司建立业务关系。我们给您发出了产品目录和价格表以供参考。如果能够收到您具体的询盘,我们将为您提供最优惠的价格。)
we are looking forward to receiving your earlier reply.
(期待您的尽早回复。)
yours faithfully,
****** co., ltd.
******department
leon chang
sample 2
进口商给出口商的信
dear sirs,
we have obtained your address from the commercial counsellor of your embassy in london and are now writing you for the establishment of business relations.
we are very well connected with all the major dealers here of light industrial products, and feel sure we can sell large quantities of chinese goods if we get your offers at competitive prices.
as to our standing, we are permitted to mention the bank of england, london, as a reference.
please let us have all necessary information regarding your products for export.
yours faithfully,
sample 3
出口商给进口商的信
(1) dear sirs,
your firm has been recommended to us by john morris & co., with whom we have done business for many years.
we specialize in the exportation of chinese chemicals and pharmaceuticals, which have enjoyed great popularity in world market. we enclose a copy of our catalogue for your reference and hope that you would
contact us if any item is interesting to you.
we hope you will give us an early reply.
yours faithfully,
(2) dear sirs,
through the courtesy of messrs. freemen & co., ltd., lagos, nigeria, we come to know your name and address. also we are informed that you are a prospective buyer of chinese cotton piece goods. as this item falls within the scope of our business activities, we shall be pleased to enter into business relations with you.
we enclose a brochure and a pricelist to acquaint you with our commodities now available for export. quotations and samples will be airmailed to you upon receipt of your specific inquiry.
your favourable reply will be highly appreciated.
yours faithfully,
sample 4
生产厂家的自我介绍。
dear sirs,
we have learned, from the china daily, that you are a leading importer of household electric appliances, and at present you are in the market for electric fans.
we, therefore, take pleasure in informing you that we are an enterprise manufacturing various electric fans and have recently produced a new model of gentle breeze electric fan entitled xxxchang fengxxx whose quality as well as functions has been proved by a scrupulous test, and the designs and colours have been clearly explained in our illustrated catalog enclosed.
considering the improvements it offers, we believe you will find our xxxchang fengxxx a very good seller in your market.
if you have interest in dealing with us in xxxchang fengxxx or other types of the goods shown in our catalog, please inform us of your requirements together with your bankers name and address.
for our credit standing, please refer to the following bank:
the bank of china, xian branch (address)…
your immediate reply would be highly appreciated.
yours faithfully,
sample 5
厂家给进口商的信
dear sirs,
we owe your name and address to the chamber of commerce, tokyo, who informed us that you are in the market for personal computers.
we are one of the largest computer manufacturers in our country and have handled with various kinds of the products for about 10 years. we approach you today in the hope of establishing business relations with you and expect, by our joint effects, to enlarge our business scope.
in order to acquaint you with our business lines, we enclose a copy of our illustrated catalogue covering the main items suppliable at present. if you are interested in any of the items, please tell us by fax. well give you our lowest quotations and try our best to comply with your requirement.
our customers are always satisfied with our products and the service after sale. and we believe that you will be so too, after we do business together.
our bankers are the bank of tokyo, japan. they can provide you information about our business and are looking forward to your early reply.
yours faithfully,
sample 6
dear sirs,
we have your name and address from the commercial counselor’s office of the chinese embassy in ghana. we wish to inform you that we specialize in both industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals, and shall be pleased to enter into trade relations with you.
to give you a general idea of our products, we enclose to a complete set of leaflets showing various products being handled by this corporation with detailed specifications and means of packing. quotations and samples will be sent upon receipt of your specific enquiries.
we look forward to your early reply with much interest.
yours sincerely
china national import & export corp.
manager
sample 7
dear sirs,
learning from the commercial counselor’s office of our embassy in your country that you are one of the leading importers of canned foodstuffs, we have the pleasure of introducing ourselves to you as a state corporation specializing in the export of canned goods, and express our desire to enter into business relations with you.
in order to give you a general idea of our canned goods, we are sending you by separate airmail a copy of our latest catalogue. quotations and samples will be sent to you upon receipt of your specific enquiries.
we are looking forward with interest to hearing from.
yours sincerely
china national import & export corp.
manager
外贸函电发盘英文及中文篇八
1询盘
dear mr. li,
your firm has been recommended 1 to us by the dickson electrics company, with whom we have done business for many years.
we are interested in your electric typewriters for use in offices and shall be glad if you will send us a copy of your illustrated catalogue 2 and current price list.
yours sincerely,
susan block
manager
a reply
dear ms block,
we welcome you for your enquiry of fed. 1 and thank you for your interest in our commodities. we are enclosing 3 some copies of our illustrated catalogues and a price list giving the details you asked for.