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小学二年级数学说课稿篇一
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小学二年级数学说课稿篇二
今天我说课的内容是人教版二年级下册第四单元“表内除法的整理与复习”一课。
本节课教材安排的内容是把前面所学习的除法算式整理成表,引导学生通过观察发现规律、应用规律。整理复习这一内容可以帮助学生回顾与反思所学知识,使之系统化,并且这一节课又是后面学习较复杂的多位数除法的基础。
1.基础知识目标:让学生经历除法算式的整理过程,体验整理、归纳的思想方法,进一步提高利用乘法口诀求商的能力。
2.能力训练目标:培养有序思维能力。
3.创新素质目标:培养发现规律、应用规律的能力。
4.个性品质目标:养成自觉整理知识的良好习惯。
活动1:激发兴趣,引导探究;
活动2:观察分析,拓展应用;
活动3:课后实践,延伸兴趣。
活动1:激发兴趣,引导探究
小学数学二年级下册说课稿《表内除法的整理与复习》:整堂课以很多的除法算式要参加家族会议的情境导入新课。由于算式太多,会议现场乱糟糟的,怎样才能有秩序地入座呢?这一拟人化的问题能激起学生整理这些算式的欲望。接下来,师生共同交流,归纳出按商相同、除数相同、被除数相同的方法进行整理,进而学生4人一组在小组内选择自己最喜欢的方法进行整理,最后展示整理的结果。估计这三种方法都会有学生选择。为了培养学生的有序思维,在展示时,我特意选择两张都是按商相同进行排列的除法表格,其中一张既按商相同进行了排列,还将除数按照从小到大的顺序进行了排列;另外一张表格中的除数在每一列中都是无序排列。学生在对比的过程中,体验到既要按商相同进行排列,还可以在每一列中将除数按从小到大的顺序进行排列。最后引导学生对整理的方法进行优化。通过操作,学生不难发现按商相同的方法进行整理比较简便。
这一活动安排为4个小环节,目的是激发学生整理知识的欲望,让学生经历自主整理知识的过程,引导学生积极主动地学习。
活动2:观察分析,拓展应用
这一活动主要是引导学生通过横向、纵向等多角度进行观察、比较,发现表内除法算式之间的内在联系以及其中蕴涵的规律,给予学生充足的时间,让他们尽情地表达自己所发现的规律。这样课堂才会不断闪现智慧的火花,产生思维的碰撞。学生通过自主交流会发现:竖着看,当被除数和除数相同时商是1,每一竖列的商相同;被除数和除数同时乘一个相同的数,商不变。横着看,当一个数除以1还得原数;每一横排的除数都相同。这样,知识让学生自己整理。规律让学生自己发现,学生的学习兴趣就会愈来愈浓。
为了让学生感知这些规律的价值,紧接着,我便安排学生运用规律解决问题。这一环节设计了四个有层次的问题。
1.()÷()=1。
这道题是让学生运用规律进行发散性思维的练习。教师还可以将知识进行拓展,引导学生说出表内除法以外的等于1的算式,既能培养学生的发散思维能力,又能培养不完全归纳概括的能力。
2.()÷5=()。
在这一题中,学生可以根据5的乘法口诀按照被除数从小到大的顺序来填,还可以将知识进行拓展。个别学生可能填出50÷5=10、55÷5=11等这些表内除法以外的算式。这一题既能巩固用乘法口诀求商的知识,又培养了学生解决问题的能力。
3.6÷2=3:
(6×3)÷(2×3)=();
(6×4)÷(2×__)=3。
结合前面所发现的规律,这一题渗透了要到四年级才学习的商不变的性质,并且有意识地培养和发展学生的逆向思维能力。这里不要求每一位学生都掌握,只要能感悟到这一性质就行。
4.生活中的应用。
1瓶钙片24片,1个小朋友吃,每天吃3片,可以吃多少天?
2瓶同样的钙片,2个小朋友吃,每人每天吃3片,可以吃多少天?
接着要求学生自己往下编,3瓶同样的钙片呢?
这一题是用商不变的性质解决生活中的实际问题,主要是培养学生的类推能力,也只需要学生能有所感悟就行了,不要求全面掌握。
活动3:课后实践,延伸兴趣
为了发散学生思维,为学生提供一个自主创造的平台,在课后作业的布置中,我让学生选择其他不同的方法亲自动手制作“表内除法”表。对于学生的课外作业,我会抽时间将他们的优秀作品进行分析并展示,让他们有成功的体验,进一步激发他们学习数学的兴趣。
在这三个环环相扣的活动中,可以说学生一直处在思考的状态,每个活动对学生来说既有趣味性又有探索性。
整堂课我的设计体现了数学学习的思维过程,学生经历了整理知识、自己发现规律的过程,体验到了应用规律解决问题的乐趣,学会了整理和归纳知识的方法。
小学二年级数学说课稿篇三
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小学二年级数学说课稿篇四
我说课的内容是义务教育课程标准实验教科书人教版小学数学二年级下册第二单元《表内除法(一)》的第一节“除法的初步认识”——“平均分”的第一课时,教材第12页至14页例1、例2的教学内容。本节内容属数与代数领域,是在学生已经学习了简单的分类知识和表内乘法的基础上教学的,它是学生学习除法的开始,也是今后学习分数的基础,是较难理解的数学概念。除法的含义是建立在“平均分”的基础上的,要突破除法学习的难点,关键是理解“平均分”。教材设计了各种情境,结合学生的实际生活,向学生提供了充分的实践机会,通过观察了解“每份同样多”,引出“平均分”,再让学生充分参与平均分各种实物,让学生建立起“平均分”的概念,学生多次经历“平均分”的过程,并在头脑中形成相应的表象,为认识除法打好基础。新课标指出:教学应该以学生的认知发展水平和已有的经验为基础,面向全体学生,注重启发式和因材施教。引导学生独立思考、主动探索、合作交流,使学生理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能、数学思想和方法,获得基本的数学活动经验。二年级的学生在生活中碰到平均分的机会很多,所以已粗浅的接触了此类知识,脑海中已有浅略的表象,但却无系统的理念体系,这节课的目的就帮助学生把理论知识升华。
1、通过观察情境图,能举例说明“每份同样多”,并能说出平均分的含义。
2、初步感知平均分的特点,会将一些物体平均分成若干份,至少
80%的学生能比较规范地说出平均分的过程和结果。
3、在活动中培养学生的动手操作能力和语言表达能力。
教学重点:平均分的含义。
教学难点:平均分的方法。
(一)教学资源
充分利用教材主题情境,借助多媒体电子白板、实物学具,在真实的数学情境中引导学生掌握知识。
(二)主要教学方法
《数学课程标准》中这样规定:“数学教学,要紧密联系学生的生活实际,从学生的生活经验和已有知识出发,创设生动有趣的情景,引导学生开展观察、操作、猜想、推理、交流等活动,使学生通过数学活动,掌握基本的数学知识和技能,初步学会从数学的角度去观察事物,思考问题。”基于此,在教学中通过具体情境,引导学生通过观察、操作、交流等活动,学会用数学的眼光观察事物,解决问题,积淀经验。
本节课主要设计四个环节:(一)创设情境,直观感知“平均分”;(二)动手操作,探究“平均分”的方法;(三)应用新知,理解“平均分”(四)全课总结。下面就每个环节的设计流程及设计意图进行说明。
(一)创设情境,直观感知”平均分”。这个环节主要从以下四个步骤进行:
1、情境引入,初步体验“每份分得同样多”。通过课件出示教材第12页“二(1)班准备春游食品”的情境图,引导学生观察并把图中小朋友分东西的场景进行描述,尤其是对“分橘子”、“分糖果”的情景进行猜想:小朋友手里拿的橘子、糖果应该放在哪一堆里?
【设计意图:充分利用主题情境的原因是孩子们对发生在自己身边的事情具有浓厚的兴趣 ,这与他们的生活联系较为紧密,在观察分食品的场景中,那种要求分的公平、一样多的分配方案是出自孩子们内心需求的,因此,会很自然的产生每份分得同样多的要求,通过这一环节,让他们初步体验“每份分得同样多”。】
2、动手实践,初步形成“平均分”的表象。以四人小组为单位,利用各种学具图形代替实物 ,按照小组人数将这些“实物”进行分配,然后集体交流,汇报分的过程及方法。
【设计意图:这个过程是相对开放的,组内利用学具代替实物,各种“实物”的数量也不一样,按照4个人来分,会出现每人分得同样多,也会出现每人分得不同样多,在这种情况下,可以充分展示孩子们在解决问题时的策略方法,在合作交流中实现经验互补,也为教师调整教学预案提供现实情境。这个环节使进一步体验“每份分得同样多”。】
3、从学生的分配方案中,揭示“平均分”的概念。利用实物展台,选取平均分和没有平均分的小组进行对比,并交流每份分得同样多的分法, 由此揭示这种公平的分法——平均分的概念。
【设计意图:经过平均分和没有平均分的对比,让学生再次体验每份分得同样多的过程和分法,建立深刻的“平均分“表象—— 每份分得同样多。通过展示和交流,引导一部分学生能比较清楚地说出平均分的过程和方法。】
4、在渗透份数,每份数中进一步理解平均分的含义。课件出示练习三第2题:小红把8块糖平均分给4个小朋友,她有三种分法,哪种分法是对的?先由同桌互相说说自己想法,再指名汇报并说出理由。
【设计意图: 引导学生根据“平均分“的概念判断“哪种分法对”,让学生在运用“平均分”概念进行判断的练习活动中,渗透份数、每份数,巩固对“平均分”的认识。】