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二年级数学说课稿人教版 二年级数学说课稿 西师版篇一
1、本册教材是在学生已有的知识经验的基础上,让学生进一步体验数据的收集、整理、描述和分析的过程;本册教材最大的变化是随着统计数据的增加,条形统计图的每格表示 2 个单位。这一部分内容,是一年级下学期所学的统计知识的继续, 同时又是为下学期学习复式统计表和条形统计图 (每格表示 5 个单位)进行知识的铺垫,具有承上启下、过渡衔接的作用。
2、在内容的选择上,教材注意联系学生的生活实际,激发学生的学习兴趣;在内容的编排上,教材注意让学生经历数据的收集、整理和描述的过程,使学生在这个过程中,既学习一些简单的统计知识,又初步了解统计的方法,认识统计的意义。
3、通过以上对教材的分析,制订这部分内容的教学目标为:
(1)使学生体验数据的收集、整理、描述和分析的过程,初步了解统计的意义,会用简单的方法收集和整理数据。
(2)让学生初步认识条形统计图(1 个代表 2 个单位)和统计表,能根据统计图表中的数据提出并回答简单的问题。
(3)通过对学生身边有趣事例的调查活动, 激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的合作意识和实践能力。 教学的重点难点是指导学生认识用 1 格表示 2 个单位的条形统计图。
接下来,是对二年级学生情况的分析。 在学习使用本册教材之前,学生已经具备了一定的知识基础,他们早在一年级下册的教材中, 已经学习了一些简单的统计图表知识,初步体验了数据的收集、整理、 描述和分析的过程, 初步具备了运用简单方法收集和整理数据的基本技能,尤其是正字记录方式,初步认识了条形统计图(1 个表示 1 个单位)和简单的统计表,并能根据统计图表中的数据提出并回答简单的问题。 另一方面,除了这些必要的知识基础以外,与一年级学生相比,二年级的学生在语言表达方面有了进一步的发展, 他们能够比较清晰的表达自己的想法和意见。同时,二年级学生已经积累了一定的小组合作的经验,合作学习活动中不再带有较大的盲目性,合作意识已经初步形成。
二年级数学说课稿人教版 二年级数学说课稿 西师版篇二
6的乘法口诀是人教版九年制义务教育小学数学第三册第三单元第六课时的内容。是在学生已经初步理解了乘法的意义,学会了1——5的乘法口诀的基础上进行教学的。教材在编排上先出现一组准备题,每次加6,把得数填在空格里;再出现例10,看图写出乘法算式,并编写出乘法口诀;然后进行巩固练习、并运用所学知识解决实际问题。乘法口诀的教学是本单元教学的一个重点,也是本学期教学的一个重点,它是学生以后进一步学习乘除法的基础。根据教学内容、学生实际和新课程标准的要求,我从知识与技能,过程与方法,情感态度与价值观等几方面制定了本课的教学目标:
教学目标:
1、知识目标:学生通过操作软件,在学习乘法口诀的过程中进一步理解意义,让学生在实际问题情景中感受乘法口诀的形成过程,并能用口诀熟练地进行计算。
2、能力目标:在口诀的整理中,初步培养学生发现简单规律的能力,提高应用乘法解决实际问题的能力。
3、情感目标:学生在编口诀和利用口诀解决实际问题的过程中,初步培养学习能力,积累学习情感,享受成功的喜悦。
根据教学目标,我把本课的教学重点定为让学生在1——5的乘法口诀的编写经验上,自主探索,编出6的乘法口诀,并熟记口诀。
同时,又由于低年级的学生年龄小,受其表达能力的限制,将其探索发现的知识抽象出来,概括形成口诀形式这一过程和发现口诀的内在规律,对学生来说,又是一个难点。
教学难点:编写乘法口诀,发现口诀的内在规律。
小学数学教学法指出,教学方法的选择和运用要适合学生的年龄特点和教材特点,这样才能充分发挥学生的主体作用,使学生生动活泼地发展。本课教学是在网络环境下进行的,结合本课内容和学生实际,本课教学采用故事情境法,发现法、尝试法等进行教学。通过创设情境,学生讨论交流,达到师生互动、生生互动,教师可以通过网络转播学生的练习,达到人机互动。
新课程强调教育必须以学生的发展为本,必须以学生为中心,采用多样化的学习方式。为此,本课教学注重发挥学生的主体性,以自主,合作、探究的学习方法为主,通过让学生观察、比较、动手操作等方式充分调动学生多种感官的参与,让学生全面参与新知的发生、发展和形成过程。
根据学生的年龄特点和认知规律,结合教学内容,本课的教学程序设计包括以下几个方面:
(一)创设情境,激发兴趣
精彩的课堂开端,不仅能很快地集中学生的注意力,而且能激发学生的学习兴趣。我结合低年级学生的心理特征和年龄特点,一开始就给学生创设一个小熊请客的情境,并结合课件的动态演示,配以优美的音乐,把学生带入了复习准备环节:小熊来到了一座小桥边,可桥上只有一个数字,怎么过桥呢?小熊正在纳闷,这时飞来一只小鸟,它告诉小熊用桥上的数字每次加上6,说出得数,就可以把桥搭上。让学生说出得数后再填表算一算,填表算一算起两个作用:一是解决问题策略多样化,二是让学生熟悉6的连加,为学习6的乘法口诀打下基础。
(二)发现问题,自主探索
布鲁纳说过:“探索是数学的生命线。”新课程标准也指出:有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依靠模仿与记忆,动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。让学生去“经历、体验、探索”学习数学的过程,使每个学生根据自己的体验,用自己的思维方式自由地开放地去探索,去发现、去“再创造”。只有这样的教学,才能使课堂充满生命的活力。
在探索6的乘法口诀的过程中,我设置了6种不同的水果,让学生自主选择进入练习,给了学生可选择的空间,体现了学生的个性化学习。6个练习都是编6的乘法口诀,这里多个数的连加可以看屏幕数出,从而解决了乘法算式的得数问题。“再想一想”“你真棒”的提示,体现了人机对话。教师通过转播的形式达到人机互动,起到了互相学习、集思广益的效果。接着让学生运用前面掌握的方法填出积,编出6的乘法口诀。同时在做题的过程中内化了思维方法。我这样设计,是为了实现“人人学有价值的数学、人人都能获得必需的数学;不同的人在数学上得到不同的发展”这一教学理念。
(三)激导探究,巩固知识
练习的设计应遵循“多样性、灵活性、开放性”原则,给每个学生都有展示自我的舞台,让不同的人保证得到不同的发展。
在这个环节中,我设计了以下三个练习。
练习一:通过“探险”主题,让学生自由选择,可进入“小兔”或“海豚”两个画面,每幅图都有两种理解,能列出两个乘法算式,使用的口诀也是相同的。怎样理解图意,学生可以自由选择。这里学生可通过人机对话来判断对错,通过教师转播达到互动。
练习二:小狗爬楼梯,学生每算对一个乘法算式的得数,并说出所用的乘法口诀,小狗就爬一步楼梯。这样的练习,既可以激发学生的学习兴趣,又培养了学生的计算能力。
练习三:通过让学生看动画,列出两个乘法算式,并说出所用的口诀。既能提高计算能力,又再次看到一句口诀能算两道乘法算式。分页标题#e#
这三个练习,都配以美丽的色彩,优美的音乐,还配上了感情色彩,激发了学生的学习的兴趣,提高了学生学习的主动性。
(四)应用知识,内化提高
数学来源于生活,又作用于生活。课堂教学应该着力体现“小课堂,大社会”的理念。让学生在生活情境中发现数学问题,并运用所学的数学知识解决问题,培养学生综合运用知识以及作出决策的能力,让学生体验到数学与日常生活的密切联系,从而体会到数学的内在价值。为此,在学生掌握了6的乘法口诀之后,我设计了以下4个练习。
练习一:通过“送信“游戏,让学生发现口诀的排列规律,并说一说自己所发现的规律。这些规律学生在学习中已初步发现,通过操作会感受更清楚,在游戏情景中,印象会更深刻。让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中轻松地突破了难点。
练习二:帮帮我们。通过人机对话,培养学生运用乘法解决实际问题的能力,教师可以通过转播,达到思维的交流,同时对学生进行品德教育。
练习三:创设实际生活情境,让学生互动讨论,找出实际问题,培养学生在生活中寻找数学问题的兴趣和能力。
练习四:引导学生从1只青蛙身上找出问题,如:1只青蛙有1张嘴、2只眼、4条腿……接着以人机对话的形式进入2只、3只、4只、5只、6只的填空练习。这个练习既巩固了1——6的乘法口诀,又让学生体会到了成功的喜悦,并在游戏中内化了知识,熟练了乘法口诀。
为了让学生进一步体验成功的满足与喜悦,激发学生的学习积极性,我在评价方式上主要采取了让学生以自评、互评与组评相结合的评价形式,让他们畅谈学到了什么,学得怎么样,有哪些收获,还有什么问题。
为了体现本节课的设计意图,更好地突出重点,我的板书力求简洁、美观、清楚。
总之,本课教学是在网络环境下进行的,教师可以通过网络转播学生的练习,达到人机互动,直接诱发了学生在感情和行为上的参与意识。练习中生动有趣的画面,直观动态的演示,强有力地吸引着学生,把学生带进一个个崭新的学习境界,创造出激动、高昂、活泼的获取知识信息的氛围,让学生在自主探究中尝到学会创造、追求真知的乐趣,其参与性学习的程度是普通形式下的授课所难以达到的。同时增强了课堂密度,强化了学生思维的.整合度,给学生个性思维的发展提供了空间,很大程度地提高了教学效率。
二年级数学说课稿人教版 二年级数学说课稿 西师版篇三
《等候时间》是人教版教材第七册《数学广角》中的内容,是继“烙饼问题”、“沏茶问题”之后再一次向学生渗透运用运筹思想解决生活实际问题的新增内容。排队论是关于随机服务系统的理论,其中的一项研究是怎样使服务对象的等候时间最少的问题。这部分知识对学生来说,比较抽象,难以理解的。但由于学生在日常生活中都有过排队等候的经历,所以,在这节课的教学中,我想就用这个学生熟悉的情境为切入口,通过演绎、例举、观察、分析、优化,形象地帮助学生理解什么是“等候时间的总和”,以及归纳出按怎样的顺序安排才会使等候时间的总和最少。
本节课采用“阅读-讨论式教学法”。通过让学生阅读教材中的主题图和相关文字,初步感知生活中的数学现象,通过讨论,合作学习,探索出各种排队等候的方案,在通过计算,对每种方案进行选择,从而找到最优化方法,在此过程中,让学生体会到运筹思想在解决生活中实际问题的作用。
基于以上思考,我制定了一下教学目标:
1、通过生活中常见的一些简单事例,让学生从中体会到运筹思想在解决问题中的作用
2、使学生逐渐养成合理安排时间的良好习惯,形成寻找最优化方案解决问题的意识。
本节课我是这样安排的:首先谈话引入课题。在谈话中,不但回顾了前两节课的内容,又导入到新课;在新课中,我通过多媒体课件出示主题图,让学生从图中得到信息,并提出数学问题,然后出示导学案中的问题。
在解决问题中,事先让学生做了导学案,预习了排对问题,就是卸货可能出现的顺序,有6中顺序,在学生预习、讨论的基础上来让学生帮助完成我的课件-----填表格(即是卸货的六种顺序的讨论结果)。学生在展示讨论的过程中把每一种卸货顺序占用的总时间,总结出最节约时间的一种顺序都一一说清楚。
在巩固新课中,我安排了三道练习,一道是“小明、小亮、小叶三人同时来到学校医务室,他们所需要的时间分别是5分钟、3分钟、1分钟,要使三人的等候时间的综合最少,应该怎样安排他们的就诊顺序?”这也是导学案中的一个巩固练习,在展示时考虑此题相对比较容易就没有再让学生来展示。
第二道也就是实际展示的第一道,是在例题的基础上的一个提升题“是要使四艘货船的等候时间的总和最少,应该按怎样的顺序卸货?”
第三道题是一个巩固新知题“一个装满货物的仓库,如果用小型车装货物,需要 20 分钟装完;如果用中型车装需要 35 分钟装完;如果用大型车需要 55 分钟才能装完。仓库只能一车一车地装。要使这三辆车等候的时间总和最少,应该怎样安排装货的顺序?这样安排,这三辆车等候时间总和是多少分钟?”
学生通过观察、操作、合作探索、提高了合作交往能力,这不是老师给予的,而是通过自己学习感悟的。 学生的视觉感官在多媒体课件刺激下,极大的激发了学生的兴趣。通过在课件上完成表格,使学生民百排队等候时如何最节约时间。巩固新知的习题,层层深入,逐步拔高,使他们圆满得完成学习任务。
二年级数学说课稿人教版 二年级数学说课稿 西师版篇四
大部分学生已初步了解了乘法的意义,掌握了连加的计算方法,他们已能根据情境列出的乘法算式,并结合情境用数数或连加的方法算出乘法算式的得数,这些知识储备都为学生在本课进行自主编制口诀奠定了一定的基础,而且有一部分学生对乘法口诀已经有了初步的认识,有的甚至可以背出部分的乘法口诀。
1、经历编制5的乘法口诀的过程,使学生知道5的乘法口诀的来源,理解乘法口诀的含义,使他们产生自觉记忆口诀的欲望。
2、能够归纳学习步骤,掌握乘法口诀的学习方法。
3、掌握5的乘法口诀,会用5的乘法口诀进行计算和解决简单的实际问题。
4、培养学生初步的观察和分析能力。
5、有机地重组教材,以五环旗为整节课的学习情境,在潜移默化中对学生进行人文关怀。
教学重点:经历编制5的乘法口诀的过程
教学难点:记忆5的乘法口诀
教材主要包括数松果、算一算、练一练三大块,根据教材内容主要设计了情境导入、探究性学习、游戏、应用四大部分。重点从导入的处理、探究性学习过程的安排、乘法口诀学习方法的掌握三个方面来说一说。
新课程在教学中非常注重三维目标的整合,不仅注重培养学生的知识技能,而且非常关注他们在情感、态度、价值观方面的发展,强调了对学生进行人文关怀。于是,我改变教材中数松果的情境,用北京奥运开幕式及运动员夺冠的片段为情境导入,以此为契机,利用多媒体展示了举行北京奥运会时人们各种兴奋欢呼的场面,在一个个精彩的片段和欢呼声中,学生热爱祖国、热爱奥运的激情在不自觉中已被成功激起。然后出示奥运五环旗,由学生说说对它的认识,教师再进行简单介绍。
①五环旗及算一算两部分的整合。
在新课探究这一环节中,原本教材分数松果和算一算这两大部分,潜意识已经把解决一共有多少个松果?这个问题的解决方法割裂为先用最基础的数数的方法来解决,而后才是采用根据图意列乘法算式的方法。学生对于5的乘法口诀的学习,已有了充分的知识准备,根据学生这一实际情况,我将教材中的数松果这部分换成五环旗的内容,并与算一算这部分进行有机的整合,在导入部分教学完后直接出示9面五环旗,让学生观察并提出问题,在学生自主提问以后,便将一共有多少个环?这一问题抛给学生,大胆地放手让学生自由选择适应于自己知识基础的方法进行解决,而且将这一环节安排小组活动,这样每个学生不仅可以有自己的方法,还能够获取别人的好方法。这样将教材的有效整合,给学生提供了更大的自由选择学习方式的空间,而且更能够适用于各个学习层次的学生。
②、口诀的学习。
在学习口诀这部分内容中,设计时力求将情境图、算式、口诀三部分联系起来,整段教学流程突出简化二字。让学生从理解图意出发,根据图意将具体的图抽象简化成用乘法算式表示,再根据有关5的乘法算式的规律,将5的乘法算式简化成5的乘法口诀,即看算式编口诀。这样学生在自主探索中,便潜移默化地感受到了口诀是由生活实际中逐步抽象、简化成数学知识的,且能充分体会到口诀的作用,自觉产生记忆口诀的欲望。
③口诀的记忆。
在学生记忆口诀时,重点让学生观察口诀说说自己发现了什么?因为发现了规律才能更好更快地记住口诀,然后让学生说说有什么好办法可以很快记住口诀,这样学生自然而然就会利用规律去记忆口诀,即找规律记口诀。另外,在学生利用规律记忆口诀后,安排游戏看手指说口诀和对口令,也是为了加强学生对口诀的记忆,尤其是看手指说口诀这个游戏,更能激发学生记忆口诀的兴趣,由于我们每只手都有5个手指,所以让学生进行小组游戏,根据整个小组伸出手的数量来说出口诀,这样学生更容易也更深刻地记住口诀。
掌握学习方法是学生知识过程的基础,在新课程课堂教学中,让学生学习知识的过程结构,指导学生掌握学习的步骤,学生才能逐渐地、独立地策划自己的学习活动,在学习同类知识的过程中,真正地发挥主体作用。因此,在整个教学设计中,引导和帮助学生在学的过程中,归纳出乘法口诀的学习步骤:①看算式编口诀;②找规律记口诀;③用口诀做算式。学生在掌握了口诀的学习方法后,在教学其他乘法口诀时,学生就可以进行自主学习了。这样,既有利于学生认知结构的形成,又为学生的主动学习提供了方法上的迁移,便于学生真正的独立学习。
1、出示课件:举办奥运时的欢乐场面。
2、介绍五环旗。
1、问题的提出与解决
①提出问题:a、你们看这里有这么多面五环旗,观察一下你发现了什么?
b、想一想,根据这幅图你能提出什么问题?(学生自由发言)
②解决问题:
a、师:今天我们就来解决一共有多少个圆环?这个问题,你们想一想有什么好办法可以解决,和小组的同学说一说。
b、小组交流汇报:方法可能有数数(5个5个数)、列乘法算式等。
c、组织学生边数数边列出乘法算式。
2、编制口诀。(看算式、编口诀)
①小组合作,试着编一编。
②交流汇报:你是根据哪个算式遍出了哪个口诀?
3、理解口诀的含义。
举出其中几个乘法口诀让学生说一说表示什么意思?
4、观察口诀找规律。(找规律、记口诀)
师:观察这些口诀,你发现了什么?有什么好办法可以很快记住这些口诀?试着记一记。
1、看手指说口诀。
2、对口令。
1、基本联系:练一练第2题(用口诀、做算式)
2、联系实际:练一练第4题。
二年级数学说课稿人教版 二年级数学说课稿 西师版篇五
等边三角形是八年级数学上册的内容,主要内容是等边三角形的性质定理和判定定理以及判定定理的推理证明和初步应用。是学生学习了轴对称图形和等腰三角形有关知识后学习的,本课学习不仅是学生进一步认识特殊的轴对称图形——等边三角形,更是今后证明角相等、线段相等的重要工具。要求学生探索并掌握等边三角形的性质、判定方法。
建立初步的符号感,发展抽象思维。经过观察实验、猜想证明等数学活动,发展合情推理能力。
(1)了解等边三角形的概念。
(2)情感目标:激发学生积极参与数学学习活动的兴趣,培养学生良好的创新意识。
等边三角形判定定理证明。
(1)等边三角形判定定理的发现和证明。
根据“获得数学知识的过程比获得知识更为重要”的理念。我确定本课的教法为:探究发现法,即学生在老师的正确引导下,积极主动参与探索发现、归纳类比等数学活动获得知识。
“教学中让学生发现一个问题比解决一个问题更重要。”因而本课的学法指导是让学生在“观察——发现——论证——归纳”的学习过程中自主参与知识的形成的过程。从而培养学生探究问题,交流合作的良好品质。
《数学课程标准》明确指出:“数学教学是数学活动的教学,学生是数学学习的主人。”为能更多地向学生提供从事数学活动的机会,我将本节课的教学过程设为以下四个环节:
创设情景导入新课先借助多媒体展示一组图片。让学生观察实物图片,在众多图形中认识等腰三角形,辨认特殊的等腰三角形。揭示课题
2、合作交流探究新知:从实物抽象出等腰三角形、等边三角形的几何图形,并用课件展示图形。请同学思考下列问题:
问题1图中的等腰三角形有什么特殊之处?——学生回答后自然引出等边三角形的定义。
问题2等边三角形的三个内角有什么关系?让学生根据定义画一个等边三角形,用量角器度量三角形内角的角度进一步验证这个结论。
问题3我们从边、角两方面描述等边三角形的性质,那么我们要判定一个三角形是等边三角形,从边、角如何判定?(提出问题后,应给学生自主探索、思考的时间)然后归纳等边三角形的判定方法1:三个角都相等的三角形是等边三角形。
问题4你认为有一个角等60度的等腰三角形是等边三角形吗?你能证明你的结论吗?请把你的证明思路和同伴交流。(提出问题后,再次让学生合作交流,归纳:等腰三角形判定方法2,有一个角是60度,等腰三角形是等边三角形。
3、应用新知巩固提高1。例题解析;课外兴趣小组
(1)由学生们分组相互探讨,共同研究此题的已知、猜想结论部分,然后由小组派代表阐述推理过程,教师板书,在板书的过程中,请其它小组的同学提出合理化建议,使此题证明过程条理更加清晰,从而培养他们语言表达能力。
(2)、课堂练习(然后我又设计了两种不同类型的练习题
第一部分设计了两道有关等边三角形推理的练习。目的是对等边三角形性质和判定进一步理解,并考察学生掌握的情况。
二年级数学说课稿人教版 二年级数学说课稿 西师版篇六
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