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数学说课稿小学简单 小学数学说课稿精简篇一
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数学说课稿小学简单 小学数学说课稿精简篇二
教材在“简单的数据整理”之后编排了“平均数”这一课,可以看出平均数与统计知识间存在密不可分的联系。可以说,平均数是统计知识中的一个信息数,让学生通过实验、猜测、探究等活动理解“平均数”的意义,这对学生应用平均数解决实际问题的能力,为今后学习复杂的统计知识都有十分重要的作用。
新课标明确指出“估算能力、统计概率的思想和方法已成为未来公民必备的常识。”依据新课标的要求,结合本课的知识特点和学生认知能力情况,确定本节课的教学目标、重点、难点如下:
教学目标:
1、让学生在动手操作,合作探索中理解平均数的意义,感知平均数在生活中的应用。
2、培养学生参与、体验、应探究意识,提高学生构建和应用数学知识的能力。
3、 渗透“移多补少”“估算”等数学思想动态的分析和解决问题,体验用数学知识解决实际问题的乐趣。
数学重点:理解平均数的意义。
教学难点:平均数的应用。
教法和学法是体现在教学过程中的。新课标指出:有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿与记忆,动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。拫据这一基本理念和本课知识学生可操作性强的特点,因此我采用尝试教学法为主。激励、演示、迁移为辅的教学方法。学生采用观察分析、实验探究、合作交流的学习方式。
这节课中,老师准备了实物投影片、大小一样的4个水杯等教具;学生4人一组准备大小一样的4个水杯等学具。
本节课的教学环节如下:
设疑激趣→实验探究→应用拓展→回顾小结
下面我从这四个环节谈谈我的教学设计
第一环节:设疑激趣
采用淡话导入,问学生从小学一年级到现在,学过哪些带有“数”(板书:数)这个字的数学知识,学生通过说发现数学真和“数”这个字联系紧密,于是设疑:这节课我们就来学习一个和“数”这个字有联系的数学知识,它是什么呢?老师想,同学们通过自己的努力,一定能自己发现这个秘密。你们有信心吗?本环节学生谈的过程,就是整理原有生活经验的过程,激活初步形成的数学思想,为学生参与学习活动做知识上、方法上、情感上的准备。
第二环节:实验探究(分二步进行)
第一步、动手实践,感知均等。
采用小组合作的学习方式,把桌上4个不同高度的水杯的水倒匀,鼓励学生用最少的次数,最快的速度完成。
学生充分活动后,小组汇报实验过程时,请完成最快的一组到前面边演示边谈谈怎样快又准的分均,从而渗透移多补少、巧合均分的思想,提高学生解决问题的能力。
第二步:估计预测,探究解疑。
让学生估计一下现在水面的高度,并把这个数记下来。那准确的高度是多少呢?让学生探究解决。预计学生会用尺子量,或先求总高度,再求每杯水的平均高度。学生得出结论后,最好选择有差异的两个小组汇报并板书,在讨论中达成共识。在肯定学生的方法后,让学生看板书说想的过程。教师再让学生说4厘米怎样得来的?通过这样的强化,学生明确4厘米就是把4杯水的总高度平均分成4份,就求出每杯水的平均高度,我们可以叫它什么数呢?(板书:平均)让学生再谈谈对平均数的理解?由此揭示课题,突破重点。
本环节让学生在实践、猜测、探究中亲历亲为知识的形成过程,培养学生构建数学知识的能力。运用小组合作的方式共同探究,目的是降低个人学习的难度,培养学生合作意识,发展学生的求异思维。在学生讨论时,老师参与其中,及时帮助有困难的学生,使课堂教学在着眼发展,凸显主体中进行。
第三环节:应用扩展(分四个层次进行)
1)、列举实例:生活中什么地方你遇到过平均数?学生谈完,教师出示一组平均数的资料。此题目的是让学生进一步感知平均数与生活的联系。老师出示的资料,既开拓学生的视野,又对学生紧张的学习情绪起到缓解的作用。也对学生进行保护环境等方面的教育。
1、未来1000年,人类的平均寿命将达180岁。
2、一年里,有1032万顷的森林从地球上消失。森林正已平均每分钟20公顷的速度减少着。
3、一天平均笑15次。
4、通过开展大课间体育活动,学生的身高明显上升。7~12岁男生平均身高增长2.1厘米,女生增长1.7厘米;13~15岁男生平均身高增长1.9厘米,女生增长0.8厘米。
2)、尝试练习:出示例3,让学生尝试计算,然后对照课本我检查,培养学生自主学习能力。通过和自己的身高对比,以及猜测全县四年级学生的身高为一组,推广对全省以至于全国四年级学生的平均身高。
3)、明辨真伪:深化学生对平均数的理解,关注学生应用能力的提升。通过课前了解自己家每月平均电费的.支出,对学生进行节约能源教育。
数学说课稿小学简单 小学数学说课稿精简篇三
尊敬的各位评委老师,
大家早上好,根据评委老师的要求,我今天说课的内容是《真分数和假分数》。我将从教材、教学目标、教学重难点、教法学法、教学过程以及板书设计这几个方面进行说课。
真分数和假分数是苏教版小学数学五年级下册第四单元《认识分数》中的内容,这部分内容是在概括了分数意义的基础上进行教学的,主要包括认识真分数和假分数以及初步探索并解决求一个数是另一个数的几分之几的实际问题,进一步拓展对分数的认识。这部分内容分3课时进行教学,今天我说课的内容是第1课时即教材第38页例2、例3,39页练一练。
学生在前一阶段所认识的分数都是分子比分母小的分数,而且这些分数表示的都是一个数量中一部分与这个数量的关系。例2利用学生对分数意义和分数单位的已有认识,通过在图形里涂色,先后引出对4/4和5/4的认识。例3让学生通过在图形里涂色进一步丰富对假分数的认识。在此基础上,教材引导学生对上面例题中的分数进行分类,结合学生分类后的交流,明确真分数和假分数的含义。“练一练”安排了两道题,第1题是让学生用分数表示每组中的涂色部分,巩固对假分数的认识,第2题是让学生读分数,并说出题中的分数哪些是真分数,哪些是假分数。
根据课程标准、教材具体情况以及高年级学生特点,我制定了以下教学目标:
(一)知识与技能:理解和把握“真分数”和“假分数”的意义,能正确判定真分数和假分数,加深对分数意义的理解。
(二)过程与方法:进一步培养学生的数感,培养学生的抽象、概括、实践、创新、语言表达等能力。在动手操作,自主探索与交流合作中,把握观察、分析、比较的方法。
(三)情感态度与价值观:了解分数在日常生活中的应用,增强自主探索与合作交流的意识,树立学好数学的信心。
理解真分数和假分数的意义、能正确判断真分数和假分数。
布鲁纳说过:“最好的学习动机莫过于学生对所学材料本身具有内在的兴趣。” 所以在数学教学中,要努力把数学这种内在力量显示出来,使学生潜移默化的对数学产生深刻的兴趣。本课教学中通过让学生涂一途、说一说、分一分、比一比来调动学生的积极性,在操作中学习,在小组合作交流中学习,以教师为引导、学生为主体。
《新课程标准》全新地强调:“动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。”研究性学习作为培养学生学习能力的重要学习方式愈来愈受到重视。所以在设计“真分数和假分数”这一课时,我力图把研究带入学习之中,让学生在学习中进行研究,在研究中学到知识、发展能力。
分数教学有两个最基本的概念,一个是分数的意义,一个是分数的单位.学生在理解的基础上掌握了这两个概念,学习分数就可以举一反三,因此在教学真分数和假分数时,我首先帮助学生从分数意义上理解和掌握新课的内容。通过让学生叙述分数的意义,回答分数的分数单位及有几个这样的分数单位等内容,为学生学习真分数和假分数奠定基础。例2通过让学生涂色的操作,使学生经历假分数的产生过程。教学时,让学生根据制定的分数涂色,思考:分别把一个圆平均分成了几份?要表示这样的几份?每个分数中各有几个1/4?从而使学生由“1/4里有1个1/4,3/4里有3个1/4”顺利类推出4/4里有4个1/4?从而让学生认识到:表示5个1/4要用两个圆,先在第一个圆中涂出4份,再在另一个圆中涂出同样的一份,把这两个圆中涂色部分合在一起就能表示5个1/4。同时还要明确:5个1/4应该写成5/4.
教学例3时,可以先让学生按要求在每组图形里涂色,再要求说说涂色时的思考过程。要让学生说清楚每个分数的分数单位以及每个分数中各有几个这样的分数单位,以使学生进一步丰富对假分数的感知。在此基础上,充分发挥教师主导和学生主体的作用.用提问的方式启发学生思考,让学生合作探究,引导学生学生比较例2、例3中每个分数分子和分母的大小,提出“你能根据分子和分母的大小关系给这些数分分类吗?”然后依据学生的分类,引导学生在已经掌握的分数概念的基础上,通过观察、比较、抽象、概括,从特殊到一般,理解并掌握真分数、假分数的概念,自己得出应用的判断和结论。通常人们把分子比分母小的分数叫做真分数;把分子比分母大或分子和分母相等的分数,叫做假分数。(板书)。
练一练1,通过涂色,让学生从图形中感受真分数和假分数,教师在这时要进一步追问“你能说说这些分数的分数意义以及分数单位吗?”第一个图形还可以问“谁能把没涂色的部分用分数表示?”让学生初步感受3/5和2/5合在一起就是“1”,为六年级学习相关应用题做铺垫。在练一练第2题中,还可以进行抢答,下列句子表述的对不对,“分子比分母小的都是真分数”“分子比分母大的都是都是假分数”“假分数的分子和分母一样大”,这些抢答可以让学生思维活跃并且巩固学生对真分数和假分数的理解。
好的板书能够将教师对教材的深刻理解用精要的书面语言展示给学生,将教师的教学思路以直观、清晰的形式教给学生,快速吸引学生的注意力,所以在板书时要做到了书之有用,本节课板书把真分数和假分数的区分以图示的形式展现给学生,清晰明了。
数学说课稿小学简单 小学数学说课稿精简篇四
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