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人教版小学科学说课稿篇三
《科学课程标准》指出,科学课程要面向全体学生,学生是科学学习的主体;科学学习要以探究为核心。科学课不仅要让小学生学科学、用科学,还要教会他们做科学,即引导他们进行科学探究,并通过探究来形成他们的科学素养,开发他们的科学思维能力与动手能力。
推力和拉力是生活中常见的两种形式的力,本课以学生们亲临的各种身边活动为载体,在探究中认识、发现有关力的科学规律,激发学生科学探究的兴趣。
(一)教学内容分析
课标中的位置:本课属于物质世界领域中运动与力之常见的力。课标中要求知道推和拉可以使物体的运动发生变化,推和拉都是力。力有大小和方向。过程与方法上要求,能用简单测量工具(测力计)对物体进行定量的观察测量,并做简单记录。
教材中,本课是第五册《力与生活》单元的起始课,后面有浮力,摩擦力,找找身边的力等课,本课要求学生知道推和拉是力,力可以使物体运动发生变化,力有大小和方向,并学会用测力计测量力的大小。为后面对浮力,摩擦力,身边其它力的探究学习打基础。
(二)学情分析
大部分学生知道推和拉物体时,物体会运动起来,是因为有人提供的动力,一半学生知道对运动着的物体施加推或者拉力时,物体运动可能会停止,或者改变运动方向。
知道生活中很多地方用到推或者拉,会用省力和费力描述推和拉时的感受,即力的大小。
(三)教学方式与教学手段说明
探究式,学生在身边各种推拉活动中,感受推力和拉力,知道力有大小和方向。在探究中认识、发现有关力的科学规律,激发学生科学探究的兴趣。
教师通过讲授、演示实验,指导学生学会使用测力计测量力的大小。
教学准备:小车,仪器车,小木块,测力计,钩码,记录表
教学目标:
1.通过推车,推木块、推门等活动的体验,知道什么是推力和拉力,力有大小和方向,知道力可以改变物体运动的状态,知道力的单位是牛顿,简称牛,用n表示。
2.学会使用测力计测量力的大小,初步具有根据实验现象归纳力的作用效果的能力。
3.能主动探究力的知识,对力学知识具有研究的兴趣。
教学重点:
知道什么是推力和拉力、力可以使静止的物体运动,也可以使运动的物体静止,改变物体运动的方向,学习使用测力计测量力的大小。
教学难点:
认识力可以改变物体的运动状态。
教学过程
1.引出课题:推力和拉力,知道推和拉都是力。力有大小和方向。
t:推动仪器车,问:老师做了什么动作?仪器车有什么变化?为什么会发生这个变化?(引导学生说车向前(右)运动)
预测:推车,车向前运动,是因为受到了老师的动力,(t:因为他受到了什么?才动起来。)
t:这个动力来自于“推”
t:谁还可以使仪器车向前运动起来?为什么会动起来?
预测:学生会向前拉动车。手上的动力。
t:这次的动力是“拉”
t:我们在做推和拉的动作时,都会施加给被推拉物体一个力,叫做推力和拉力。(板书:推力和拉力)
(设计意图:激发学生兴趣,充分调动学生积极参与教学活动)
t:静止的仪器车在受到了怎样的推力和拉力时,发生了向前的运动?
s:向前的推力和拉力。
t:怎样使静止的仪器车向后运动呢?
s:向后推动或拉动车,给车向后的拉力和推力。
t:也就是说力有方向,物体运动的方向和力的方向有关系。
t:板书图画,仪器车箭头
2。探究活动,认识力能使静止的物体运动,运动的物体静止。能改变物体运动的快慢和方向。
t提出问题:
(1)推力和拉力除了能使静止的仪器车运动起来,还能不能使其他静止的物体运动起来?
(2)对运动的物体施加怎样的推力和拉力,物体会发生怎样的变化?
(3)你能用实验来说明吗?出示材料(木块,小球,小车)
s小组交流、讨论、实验。教师巡视并参与到学生的讨论实验中去,t针对推、拉怎样改变物体运动状态即物体受力后怎样运动进行引导。引导的过程中
t谈话:请把你们小组试验的结果介绍给大家?
s预测给木块,小球,小车一个向前的推力或者拉力时,木块向前运动
给向前运动的小车一个向后的大的推力或者拉力时,小车向后运动,(小的力时,可能继续向前运动,慢了,或者静止。)
给小球一个向右的推力或者拉力时,小球向右运动。
t:通过上面的实验,你能得出什么结论?引导学生说成用力,力气小,也就是说力有大小,
t引导s小结:力可以使静止的物体运动,也可以使运动的物体静止,也就是说:力可以改变物体的运动状态。力可以改变物体运动的方向和快慢。
(设计意图:激发学生对力进行探究的兴趣,培养学生动手能力,使学生经历发现问题、猜测假设、实验证明的科学学习过程)
3、学习用测力计测量力的大小
t:力的方向我们能够直接分辨出来,那么力的大小是多少呢?我们可以通过测量工具测量得出。测量力大小的工具叫做测力计。测力计有圆通、平板测力计,握力计、测力环、skn系列测力计。我们要学习使用的是平板测力计,它有以下这些结构组成,出示ppt介绍提环,弹簧,指针,刻度,底板,挂钩。力单位是牛顿,简称牛,可以用字母n表示。板书
t:讲解测力计的使用方法。
第一步:检查测力计(板书)
a、右手提起测力计,让测力计自然下垂,检查测力计的指针是否指0n处;读数时视线要与指针相平。如果指针没有指在0n处,要进行调谐或更换测力计。经过检查,这个测力计的指针指在0n处
b、检查测力计的测量范围。通过检查,知道这个测力计的测量范围是0—0。49牛。每一小格是0。098牛。
c、用重0。49牛的钩码检验测力计的准确性:左手托住钩码,右手提起测力计,用测力计的挂钩钩住钩码,左手慢慢下垂,读数时视线要与指针相平。测力计指针读数0。49牛说明这个测力计很准确。
第二步:使用测力计测力的大小
a、测力计测量的力的大小时,不可超过测力计标定的最大数值。如果超过测力计的测量范围,可采用分割方法测量,不能分割的要换用相应的测力计。
b、首先来测量这把剪刀所受重力的大小。估测以下不会超过这个测力计的测量范围,在
测量时,由于我们不知道到底重多少,因此要手托着慢慢自然下垂。
s:测量提起物体时所用的力大小是多少,并记录。
t:巡视指导规范的操作方法。
c、我们用测力计测量拉动木块运动时所用的力。为保证测量数据的准确,测量时要手拿测力计的底板,避免测力计与桌面之间接触,在木块匀速运动时读取力的大小数值。
s:测量匀速拉动木块运动时所用力的大小并记录。
t:巡视指导规范的操作方法。
4、总结
t:这节课,我们通过推力和拉力的活动认识了力,力有大小和方向,改变力的大小和方向时可以改变物体的运动状态。还学会了怎样用测力计测量力的大小。力就在我们的身边,除这节我们接触到的推力和拉力外,还有那些种类的力呢,我们把一辆小车放到斜坡上,他会自己向下跑,是谁让它由静止变成运动的?还是推力和拉力吗?在后面的课中,我们继续研究。
1、从课堂气氛评价:学生能够自始至终积极围绕学习内容思考、实验、探究、讨论,表现出浓厚的兴趣。
2、问题评价:
(1)能举例说明推力和拉力在生活中的应用。
(2)拔河比赛中,我要比赛赢过你,那么就要求我用的力比你的()。方向是与你的方向( )
(3)推门时,门没有变化,说明我对门没有施加力。()
本教学设计与以往或其他教学设计相比的特点(300-500字数)
1、从学生生活入手。科学源于生活,生活蕴含科学。首先,本节课从学生生活入手,利用常见的推、拉开始,自然过渡到推力和拉力,从而激起学生学习探究的兴趣,充分调动学生积极参与教学活动。并使学生真切的感受到在我们日常的生活学习中,处处蕴含着科学知识。其次,本节课使用的实验材料是玩具小车,小球,木块,对这些学生非常熟悉的材料,兴趣更高。
2、培养学生初步设计科学实验的能力,让学生自主地获取知识。在学生探究力的大小和方向时,学生自己尝试设计实验,学生通过认真思考、讨论,能够在体验过程中,了解力的大小和方向。
3、精心设计课后延伸,激发学生继续学习的浓厚兴趣和继续探究有关力的知识。本课主要教学内容完成后,老师提出:“力就在我们的身边,除这节我们接触到的推力和拉力外,还有那些种类的力呢?我们把一辆小车放到斜坡上,他会自己向下跑,是谁让它由静止变成运动的?还是推力和拉力吗?如果你有兴趣不妨研究一下,你可能会有更大的发现。”为今后学习浮力、摩擦力等知识进行铺垫和准备。
人教版小学科学说课稿篇四
《食物包装上的信息》是小学科学四年级下册《食物》单元的最后一课,是学生们在探究储存食物的方法中延伸出来的一个观察活动。教材分为三部分:(一)观察食品包装袋或包装盒;(二)比较几种食品的保质期;(三)调查了解食品的配料。这三部分对食物包装上的信息的研究是由浅入深,由感性到理性,步步深入有序进行的。
科学学概念:
食品具有保质期,食用超过保质期的食品对人体有害。食品中的配料可以改善食品的品质,但有时也可能有害。
过程与方法:
学习搜集、整理信息的方法,并在分析处理信息过程中,产生问题,展开进一步深的研究。 情感态度与价值观:
提高选择食物的能力。
3、教学重点:
指导学生收集信息的方法,培养学生分析处理信息的能力;
4、教学难点:
探究怎样的食品信息才是可靠的、健康的。
课件
学生在课前每人收集3-5种食品包装袋;食品的生产日期和保质期记录表、牛奶饼干的配料表。
1、说教法
在学生活动的基础上,我除了采用讲述法、谈话法、演示法等作适当的点拨,还将科学教学与信息技术融为一体,把信息技术课程作为工具渗透到科学教学中去。以此启发学生从更宽广的角度去探究食物,主动获取食品信息。
2、说学法
科学探究是《小学科学课程标准》中的核心理念。我把教学过程分成了四个板块,每个板块有一个主题,学生们依据这个主题,从关注自己的日常生活、关注身边的科学入手,通过小组合作,观察讨论等形式不断深入到科学探究过程之中,并在经历一个个活动中提高科学素养。
( 一 )、我觉得这节课材料准备是非常重要的,所以,我把课前的材料准备作为教学过程的第一个板块。
在上课的前一个星期,我就布置学生收集家里近一周内吃过的食品包装袋。课前,我对小组间所拥有的包装袋进行了合理的调配和补充,确保每个小组都具有不同类型的包装袋,如,有装流质食物的包装袋,有盒装的包装袋,有罐装的包装袋等等。由于这些材料都具有一定的典型性、结构性,而且是自己或家人吃过的,这些研究起来,应该是更真实,更迫切,更得心应手。
(二)、我是最合格的设计师
孩子们在选择食品时更多的是受到广告宣传和精致包装外表的影响,而不去注意食物包装上的信息。怎么办?在让学生收集食品袋时,我就要求学生思考“食品包装袋上有哪些信息呢?”。解决问题的办法是仔细观察,询问家长或是上网查一查等。待到上课时,首先开一个“汇报成果庆功会”。让学生汇报自己收集到的信息,比一比,看谁说的最全面。在活动中,孩子们通过对信息的观察、收集、整理、汇报,初步了解到了食品包装上有:食品的名称、配料、营养成份、生产日期、保质期、储存要求、食用方法、生产厂家等内容。注意:净含量、方便撕开口、条形码、环保标志、质量合格标志等这些信息容易被忽略,教师可做有意识的引导和提示。之后,我拿出一包未包装的米粉,话锋一转,要求学生为这包米粉设计出一份合格的并且有创意的包装说明。在设计过程中,在活动中,孩子们通过亲身设计,更加有效地了解有关食品包装方面的问题了,提高了运用科学知识的能力。
(三)、我是最聪明的研究生
(1) 研究什么因素影响了食品的保质期。
要求小组内选择五种不同的食品包装进行调查,重点比较五种食品的生产日期和保质期,并且完成老师给的统计表。在活动中,学生通过观察、填表、讨论、比较,水到渠成,探究出食品的加工方式,包装方式,保存方式,食品配料等这些因素都会影响食品保质期的长短。
(2)研究食品的配料及其作用。
我先请孩子们品尝美味可口的达能饼干,然后,再请同学们依然是分小组来共同探讨,并把探讨内容记录表中。
你熟悉的配料: 作用:
你不熟悉的配料: 作用:
孩子们在向纵深方向的观察讨论过程中,会产生这样的疑问:这些不熟悉的配料对人体有没有害处呢?布置学生通过上网查找有关资料作深入的研究。
(四)、我是最精明的消费者
首先,通过电脑脑播放一段摆满了各种各样食品超市动画。让学生有一种亲临超市的感觉,从而激起学生购买欲。然后,让学生运用了解有关食品包装方面的知识来清除这个超市中的不合格产品,当然,我有意识地把一些无产品名称、厂址及已经过了期的食品放在购物架上,以此提高学生签别伪劣食品的能力及培养学生自我保护意识。最后,我又要求学生根据下列情况来模拟购物:
1、一天,爸爸让小敏随自己出去旅游,到北京都游玩两天。
2、星期日,小佳要到顺平去看望奶奶,给 奶奶买些食物。
3、王先生到国外探亲,想带一些国外不易买到的食物带给亲戚。
这些活动让学生感受到生活中处处有科学,提高学生选择食物的水平,并且能够培养学生灵活地运用科学知识指导健康生活的能力。
结合各板块的学习,通过对内容与方法的归纳,教师的点拨,最后形成了知识性强、趣味性浓的儿歌式的板书,帮助学生加深对知识的理解和记忆。
板书设计:
食物包装上的信息
包装上,信息多,同项归类整理好。 生产期,保质期,列表收集要记牢。 细观察,善比较,食用有效身体棒。 大胆猜测勤研讨,关注科学真奇妙!