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三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇一
本课内容在人教版义务教育课程标准实验教科书小学数学三年级下册第70~74页。
教材简析:
《面积》属于空间与图形领域,是这一单元的起始课,它的教与学是在学生已经掌握了长度和长度单位,长方形和正方形的特征及其周长计算的基础上进行的。学生从学习长度到学习面积,是从一维空间向二维空间转化的开始,是空间形式“由线到面”的一次飞跃。学好本课,不仅能为学习面积的计算打好基础,更是为小学阶段几何教学做好铺垫。
教学目标:
(1)通过摸一摸、比一比、说一说等体验活动,使学生理解面积的含义。
(2)在解决问题的过程中,使学生感受建立面积单位的必要性,初步理解面积单位的建立规则。
(3)认识常用的面积单位:平方厘米、平方分米和平方米,并在活动中获得关于它们实际大小的空间观念,形成正确的表象。
(4)培养学生观察、操作、概括能力,使学生体验到数学来源于生活并服务于生活。
教学重点、难点:
重点:使学生理解面积的含义,掌握常用的面积单位并形成正确的表象。
难点:在操作中体会引进统一面积单位的必要性。
活动教学法:即以直观体验活动为主线,结合生活实例,创设数学情景,提出数学问题。
学生在活动中体验学习,建立正确的表象,掌握数学方法,解决问题。它遵循着从生活到数学、从具体到抽象的教学原则。
直观演示、动手操作法:空间与图形的教学中,提供直观是认知的起点。教学中,我注重直观演示和动手操作活动。让学生在运用学具、直观操作、合作探究中学习,在真实的感受中获得实实在在的直接经验。
自学辅导法:面积单位的制定不需要探究,教学中我会引导学生带着问题自学。通过自学,学生能迅速了解面积单位的含义,建立正确的表象,对形成常用面积单位实际大小的观念,具有重要的意义。
教具:多媒体课件;1平方厘米、1平方分米、1平方米的教具。
学具:两人一份面积相近但形状不同的长方形;大小不同的长方形、正方形、圆形、三角形纸片若干、1平方厘米、1平方分米的学具。
(一)游戏引入,初步感知
《课程标准》强调:从学生已有的知识和生活经验出发,让学生亲身经历将实际问题抽象成数学模型。第一个环节,先设计一个填色比赛:将全班分成两组,第一组涂这张大纸,第二组涂这张小纸,在规定时间里,哪组最先完成,就能取得胜利。游戏结束后,第一组的同学一定会怀疑这个游戏的公平性。
师问:为什么?
学生说明原因:因为两组比赛用的纸张大小不一样,谁要涂的纸面越小,谁在游戏中就越容易取得胜利。
这一环节,能激发学生的兴趣,而学生相关“物体表面”的经验也呼之欲出,自然体验由具体到抽象,引出对“物体表面”的研究。学生在观察比较中,也初步感知了面的大小,为下面学习面积的概念做好了铺垫。
(二)动手操作,探索新知
1.通过物体的表面感知面积。
古人有云:『纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事需躬行。』第二个环节,学生只有亲自动手感知,才能加深对“面积”这一概念的理解,并能在以后的学习中灵活运用。
(1)指一指:我们身边有很多物体,比如黑板、书本、课桌等等,让学生指出它们的表面在哪。
(2)摸一摸:让学生说说摸这些物体的表面时,都有些什么感觉?
(3)比一比:这些物体的表面,哪个大一些?哪个小一些呢?
通过以上几个环节让学生感受到了表面,并得出物体表面的大小就是它们的面积。
(4)运用“面积”一词造句:比如黑板的表面比课桌的表面大,现在还可以怎么说?
2.通过封闭图形进一步认识面积。
数学方法就是数学的行为。在教学封闭图形认识面积时,课件出示一组图形,让学生自己想办法、或小组讨论找到比较面积大小的方法。然后根据学生比的过程,归纳出观察、重叠等数学方法,最后通过课件的演示,使学生认识到封闭图形的大小就是它们的面积。
为了加深学生的理解,课件出示了一个不封闭的图形。师问:如果要给它涂色,会出现什么情况?这个图形的大小我们能确定吗?学生
通过仔细观察课件,便能发现,不封闭图形的大小是不能确定的,进而明确“封闭图形的大小就是它们的面积”。
3.小结:引导学生将面积的两个方面概括起来,得出:物体的表面或封闭图形的大小就是它们的面积。
4.体验统一面积单位的必要性。
课件出示:两个面积接近但形状不同的长方形,让学生比较它们的面积大小。学生在比较中产生了分歧,有些同学认为第一个图形面积大,有些学生认为第二个图形面积大,还有些同学想到把这两个图形叠放在一起进行比较,但是结果发现都无法很准确地比较出来。师问:那用什么方法可以准确比较出两者的大小?为什么?
引导学生借助几种测量工具(出示学具袋)。学生动手操作。操作过程中,选择的图形不同,拼摆的结果也不相同。
学生会发现:长方形长宽不同,不方便;圆片有缝隙,不准确;正方形和三角形能测量出结果,比较起来,正方形最合适。因此,归纳得出:比较两个图形的面积大小,要用统一的面积单位,用正方形测量面积最合适。
5.认识常用的面积单位。
对于学生“听过了会忘记,看过了能记住,做过了就理解。”面积单位的制定不需要学生探究。这一环节的教学,采用自学辅导方式,让学生带着问题自学。
(1)说一说:常用的面积单位有哪些?展示汇报结果。
(2)拿一拿:让学生从学具中分别拿出1平方厘米和1平方分米的正方形。并检查学生拿出的是否正确。
(3)找一找:我们身边哪些物体的面积接近1平方厘米?1平方分米?(4)试一试:这张1平方米的纸上能站多少个同学?
在这些活动中,学生充分得感知到了面积单位的实际大小,并和身边的某个面建立联系,从而起到帮助表象记忆的作用。
(三)结合实践,综合运用
为了检验学生对本节课内容的掌握情况,课件出示课本练习。
学生完成练习后,出示小资料:有关各国首都人均绿地面积表。
师问:有什么感想?由此想到了什么?
练习的设计遵循由浅入深的原则,在估、测、说中进一步巩固对面积和面积单位的认识,并结合生活实际对学生进行爱国和环保教育,从而体验到数学来源于生活并服务于生活。
(四)回顾全课,小结延伸
今天这节课你学到了什么?有什么收获?关于面积和面积单位你还想知道什么?
全课小结时我采用总结式,并将总结的任务抛给学生,让学生在回顾所学知识的同时,也对这节课有完整的认识,并能在他们的理解上加以延伸。
面积和面积单位
物体的表面
或的大小,就是它们的面积。
封闭图形
常用的面积单位:
平方厘米、平方分米、平方米
板书与讲解同步进行,层次分明。通过板书能发挥学生的思维能动性,加速概念的形成。面积的概念和常用的面积单位,是本节课学习的重点,板书力求简洁明了,突出教学的重难点,有利于帮助学生掌握正确的概念。
三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇二
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三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇三
:义务教育课程标准实验教科书(人教版)三年级下册第91-92页的内容, 完成练习二十中的1-2题。
基础知识:结合情境初步理解以米或元为单位的一位小数的含义,知道小数各部分的名称,知道整数和自然数。
基本技能:能正确地认读写一位小数,并用小数解决生活中简单的问题。
基本思想:让学生在经历在生活中体验小数的含义过程中,思考探究合作交流,渗透抽象和“迁移、识转化“等推理的数学思想。
基本活动经验:在经历小数含义的探索过程中,获得通过观察思考,合作交流、比较分析、综合概括等惊醒数学学习和解决问题的经验。
情感与态度:进益步体会数学与生活的紧密联系,通过了解小数的产生和发展过程,提高学习数学的兴趣,增强学习数学的信心。
重点: 初步理解以米或元为单位的一位小数的含义,知道小数各部分的名称。 能正确地认读写一位小数,并用小数解决生活中简单的问题。
难点: 知道十分之几可以用一位小数表示,经历小数含义的探索过程,并用小数解决生活中简单的问题。
多媒体课件
一、复习导入,揭示课题
师:同学们,请看大屏幕,谁能说一下,下面这些数是什么数?
1/2 、2、 35、 100 、2/4 1/3 、
生: 1/2 是分数;2是整数; 35是整数 ; 100是整数; 2/4 是分数; 1/3是分数。
师:我们以前学过像 2、35、100这样的整数,还学过像 1/2 、 2/4 、 1/3.这样的分数。生活中你还见过什么数?
生:数字中带小圆点的数
师:数字中带小圆点的数我们叫做“小数”,你在哪里见到过小数呢?
生:在超市,每样物品多少钱有小数;
也是在超市,物品的重量在电子台秤上也有小数
量身高时,我的身高是1.35米。
量体温时,我的体温是38.5度
师:同学们真的很善于观察,生活中有许多的小数,小数和我们的生活联系很紧密,今天老师就和大家一起来研究小数,好不好?(板书课题)
二、自主合作,探究新知
(一)结合情景,认识小数的读写。
1、小数的认识
师:老师也找到了一些有关小数的信息,请大家观察这些数,有什么共同特点?
生1:这些数中间都有小圆点
生2:小数点前面有数,小数点后面也有数。
师:同学观察很仔细。像3.45 0.85 2.60 36.6 1.2 和1.5 这样中间有一个小圆点的数,叫做小数。
师:下面谁在能说一说,在日常生活中你在哪里见过小数?
生1:我的视力是1.5
生2:数学书的价钱是7.20元
生3:我看到大瓶饮料是1.5升
师总结:刚才同学们说了这么多小数,说明小数就在我们身边,我们的生活也离不开小数。
2、以3.45为例介绍小数的读法
师:我们认识了小数,这些小数你会读吗?谁能试一下?
生:3.45(根据学生回答板书:读作:三点四五)
师:小数的中间这个小圆点叫做"小数点",读作"点",小数点是小数的重要标志。我们以小数点为界,小数点前面的部分是整数部分,小数点后面的部分是小数部分。
多媒体再次出示商品标签、体温图片等图片,
师:请同学们来试读其它的小数
生:学生读出小数。(结合具体的情境,学生读出小数,体会小数在实际生活中的应用)
师:刚才我们读了这么多小数,谁能说一下我们应怎么读小数呢?
生:整数部分按照整数的读法去读,小数部分要按照顺序读出每个数字。
(三)教学例1。
师:学校组织同学们测量身高,王东的身高是1米3分米,只用米作单位,怎样表示王东的身高? 小组讨论,然后交流
生1:1米我们会用1米来表示,但3分米怎样用米表示我们组就不会了。
生2:应是1.3米,1米用1表示,3分米是0.3米 ,加起来就是1.3米
师:为什么3分米是0.3米你能给大家讲解吗?
生:把一米分成10份,一份就是1/10米,也是0.1米
师:刚才这名同学说的非常好,其实小数和我们以前学过的分数有着非常密切的联系,把1米平均分成10份,每份是几分米?1分米是几分之几米?(板书)
生:把1米平均分成10份,每份是1分米。 1分米是十分之一米
师:1/10米我们还可以写成0.1米。请同学们一边观察米尺,一边思考下面的问题:
教师在大屏幕上出示:
把1米平均分成10份,每份是1分米。
1分米是(1 )/(10 )米,还可以写成( 0.1 )米。
3分米是( )/( )米,还可以写成( )米。
师:你还能仿照上面的例子,说几个小数吗?
生1:8分米是8/10米,还可以写成0.8米
生2:6分米是8/10米,还可以写成0.6米
师:小红身高1米3分米,写成小数是多少米?为什么?
生 :1.3米。因为1米是1米,3分米是3/10米,也是0.3米,1米3分米也就是1.3米。
4、通过分数和小数之间的关系,理解小数的含义
师:1分米是1/10米,还可以写成0.1米,1分米和0.1米的关系是什么?
生: 1/10米=0.1米
师:3分米是3/10米,还可以写成0.3米。怎样用式子表示?
生: 3/10米=0.3米
师:如果老师去掉每个式子中的单位名称,左右两边还相等吗?
1/10 = 0.1 3/10 = 0.3 (板书)
师:谁来读一读这几个式子。
师:根据上面的规律,谁能很快地告诉老师:4/10=( ) 7/10=( ) 9/10=( )
生:4/10=(0.4 ) 7/10=(0.7 ) 9/10=( 0.9)
师:通过观察,你能发现什么?
生1:等式左边都是十分之几,等式右边都是零点几
生2:十分之几就可以写成零点几
师:在线段图上,你能很快的找到0.2 0.9 吗? (学生理解分数和小数的关系后,脱离分数,理解小数的意义。)
师:请同学们完成课本92页做一做
三、实践应用,巩固提高
1、朋友聚会,小数进入蓝房子,不是小数的进入粉房子。
师:动物朋友举行聚会,小数进入蓝房子,其它的数进入粉房子,谁能说一说这些动物都应进入那个房子呢?
2、多媒体出示课件练习二十课件
师:请同学们读出下面的小数,谁能说一说你是怎样来读这些小数的?
3、我来填小数
(1)用小数表示阴影部分的面积
师:谁会来填这些小数呢,并说一说是怎么想的?
四、了解历史,拓展知识
我国古代用小棒表示数。为了表示小数,就把小数点后面的数放低一格。如3.12的表示。在西方,小数出现很晚。最早使用小圆点作为小数点的是德国数学家克拉维斯。 还有一部分国家是用逗号表示小数点的。
五、课堂小结
师:同学们这节课表现得非常不错,谁来说一下你这节课有什么收获呢?
师:看来同学们的收获可真不少,今天我们又认识了“数”家族的一个成员---小数,小数在我们生活中应用广泛,对于小数你还想知道哪些?下课后同学们可就感兴趣的问题查查资料。在以后生活中,请同学们多观察小数并正确使用小数。
三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇四
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三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇五
本节课的重点是让学生掌握因数中间或末尾有0的计算方法,对于因数中间有0的计算在三年级已经有所了解,我以三个计算题(190×8=37×40=207×9=)在班中进行调查,部分中下生对位时是末尾对齐;部分优秀生已经能把8和9对位进行计算,但还不是很清楚为什么要这样对位,看来这些学生的数感很好;对于中间有0的乘法已能很熟练的掌握。根据我班学生的实际情况,我把重点放在了因数末尾有0的简便运算,使学生体会到末尾有0简便对位的好处。
学生所学习的笔算都要求数位对齐,正是因为受这种定势的影响,大多数学生在接受因数末尾有0的简便运算都有一定困难,为了突破这一难点,我在课前就铺垫了一些整十、整百数及中间有0数的乘法口算练习,并强调学生说出口算过程。
40×72=600×30=530×3=
102×7=608×5=4×908=
竖式复习,并理解竖式中8和9的位,把54×728写成728×54的形式方便计算。
54×728=708×6=790×8=
由此再引出例题学习例2(同时出示课题,继续学习因数中间或末尾有0的乘法),在此我对教材进行适当的处理,把例2中的题以问题的形式,让学生独立思考你能提出提出什么数学数学问题,然后口答算式。培养学生的提问能力。
特快列车1小时可行160千米,
普通列车1小时可行106千米,
它们各行了30小时,?
在教学160×30时,要求学生用你认为比较方便的竖式方法进行计算。由于前面准备题的竖式铺垫,在此部分优生可能会用这样的竖式形式进行计算160
×30
4800
简便计算。与其它的不同方法进行比较突出这种方法的方便。
在教学106×30时,由于学生对刚才对位方法的了解,有部分学生可能已经会用简便的对位方法。与
106
×30
3180
其它出现的方法进行对比,进一步体会这种对位方法的简便。
在此后,以书本做一做中已经对好数位形式的竖式让学生试一试,加深竖式的对位形式。在此基础上设计了3题有象征性的题(390×13=305×50=180×50=),让学生自己摆竖式进行计算,巩固竖式的简便摆法。在此基础上再来尝试总结因数中间或末尾有0的计算方法。(先把因数末尾0前面的数相乘,然后把因数末尾的0添在积的末尾。)
本节课还设计了2题生活中的例子(课本55页第3、4两题),不但培养学生的计算能力,还把数学应用到生活中去,使学生感受到数学源于数学用于数学。
最后加入一题拓展题,□□×□□=2400,要求学有余力的学生有序思考,培养学生有序思考问题的能力,也为以后学习积的变化规律等知识作铺垫。
课堂小结,培养学生自我总结、归纳的能力和习惯。
三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇六
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三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇七
位评委、老师们
上午好!我说的课题是《面积和面积单位》。下面我将从教材、前测、教学目标等环节进行说课。
本课内容在义务教育课程规范实验教科书小学数学三年级下册第70~74页。
教材简析:《面积》属于空间与图形领域,被布置在三年级下册第六单元。这一单元具体包括:面积和面积单位,长方形、正方形的面积计算,面积单位的进率,常用的土地面积单位四局部。本课是这一单元的起始课,它的教与学是在同学已经掌握了长度和长度单位,长方形和正方形的特征和其周长计算的基础上进行的。同学从学习长度到学习面积,是从一维空间向二维空间转化的开始,是空间形式“由线到面”的一次飞跃。学好本课,不只是学习面积计算的基础,更是小学阶段几何教学的基础知识。
为了协助同学建立面积概念,教材在编写上非常重视展现面积概念的形成过程、注重常用面积单位表象的形成、注重在直观操作和形式多样的活动中体验。教材依照先认识面积(包括物体外表的大小和封闭图形的大小),然后归纳面积的概念,再认识常用的面积单位(包括统一面积单位的必要性),为什么用边长是“1”的正方形作面积单位和认识常用的面积单位(平方厘米、平方分米、平方米)。
关于面积和面积单位同学知道些什么呢?对三年级两个班同学的前测结果统计标明:
关于面积,87%的同学通过其他渠道或自学课本知道“面积”一词,13%的同学表示从未听说;15%的同学对“面积”的含义有错误认识,56%的同学认为“面积”和物体的大小有关,29%的同学表示说不清楚。
关于面积单位,69%的同学表示通过其他渠道或自学课本知道“面积单位一词”,31%的同学表示从未听说;10%的同学对面积单位的含义有错误认识,47%的同学认为面积单位和物体的大小有关,43%的同学表示说不清楚。
据此,我制定了以下教学目标:
三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇八
本课是义务教育课程规范实验教科书人教版第五册第92~93页的内容。几分之一这局部内容是分数知识中最为基础的内容,它是在同学掌握了一些整数知识的基础上来认识分数的。分数和整数无论在意义上,读写方法以和计算方法上,都有很大差别。认识分数是同学数的`概念的一次扩展,同学学好这局部内容,可以为后续学习小数和进一步系统学习分数作铺垫。认识几分之一是小学数学概念学习中比较笼统的内容,同学开始掌握分数的意义是比较困难的。
小同学从认识整数发展到认识分数,是一次飞跃,同学在生活中听说过二分之一,三分之一,但是他们并不理解。分数的发生是从等分某个不可分的单位开始的,儿童生活里有这样的经验,但不会以分数来表述。
《课程规范》对这节教材的要求是这样的:能结合具体情境初步理解分数的意义,能认、读简单的分数。根据教材地位、课程规范的要求和同学的认知特点,确定以下教学目标和重点难点:
使同学结合具体情境初步认识几分之一,能用实际操作的结果表示几分之一,并学会运用直观的方法比较这类分数的大小。
结合观察、操作、比较等数学活动,引导同学学会和同伴交流数学考虑的结果,获得积极的情感体验。
同学体会数学来自生活实际的需要,感受数学与生活的联系,进一步发生对数学的好奇心和兴趣。
教学重点:初步认识分数和理解几分之一的含义。
教学难点:理解分数的含义,形成“几分之一”的表象。
三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇九
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三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇十
《数学课程标准》明确指出:“数学教学要紧密联系学生的生活情境,从学生的生活经验和已有知识出发,使学生初步感受数学与日常生活的密切联系。”“数学学习的内容应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战的。”“数学源于生活,以用于生活”。因此,我将“加强生活体验,注重学生发展”设定为本节课的教学理念和指导思想。《秒的认识》是义务教育课程标准实验教科书二年级下册的教学内容,通过前两节课的实践活动,学生已对1分钟、1小时持续的时间具有一定感性体验,知道时与分之间的进率关系,能正确认读几时几分,本节课是在学生已初步建立时、分观念的基础上进行地顺势教学。
根据本课的设计理念和教学内容,结合学生的实际我制定了以下教学目标:1、认识钟面上的秒针,了解时间单位秒,知道1分=60秒,初步建立秒的时间观念。2、经历联系实际生活解决简单问题的过程,初步培养学生的观察、交流、合作探究能力,并有效地促进个性思维的发展。3、让学生充分感受数学与生活的密切联系,激发学生积极、愉悦的数学情感。并且我认为本节课教学重点应为初步建立秒的时间观念;教学难点是如何才能让学生正确区分时间单位时、分、秒,并能在实际生活中学以致用。我认为,学生是否能选用恰当的时间单位进行事件表述,是其时间观念建立情况的反馈,而数学在生活中的应用也正是我们教学追求的最终目标。
为了突出教学重点,突破教学难点,力求体现本课的设计理念“实践活动,体验交流,培养应用意识”这一教学思想,在教学中主要采用了以下教学方法:
1、设疑激情:生活化的问题情境容易引发学生的兴趣和问题意识,使学生产生自主探索和解决问题的积极心态。在导入时我利用奥运冠军刘翔夺金时的场景,询问其夺冠所用时间,在旧知和生活经验的影响下,由学生自己引出“秒”,学生初步感受到秒是比分更小的时间单位,揭示课题“秒的认识”让学生积极主动参与到学习的全过程来。
2、引导探索:当学生产生探索欲望和兴趣之后,教师所要考虑的应是如何提供适当的条件,引导学生通过观察、操作、思考、交流去探索知识。在教学中,我通过开放性的发问“你还知道秒针走几大格就是几秒?”,让学生自主探索秒针的走动情况;组织学生拍手体验60秒,观察分针走动情况,让学生知道1分=60秒;通过集体活动、合作活动、小组活动形式,多角度感受秒的持续时间。
3、应用提高:学习数学知识不是目的,重要的是运用这些数学知识解决生活中的实践问题,从中体会到数学在生活中的价值,体验到学习数学的乐趣。教学中,我让学生欣赏秒在生活中的应用,从而更深刻地感受秒这一时间单位应用的广泛性。练习中,我加入有关明明的短文,实际是综合考察了学生对时间单位的应用能力。
4、交流评价:通过交流评价引导学生愉快地交流活动中的感受和经验,交换意见与看法,一方面可将每一个成功的经验收获转化成为大家共同的财富,成为影响其他同学的关键因素,另一方面学生在评价过程中,要不时对照目标要求,形成自我反馈机制。在小组交流中认识自我,也学会评价他人的学习。
“教法为学法导航,学法是教法的缩影”。鉴于这样的认识,本节课在学习过程中,主要指导学生掌握以下的学习方法:
①观察的方法,通过观察钟面,认识秒针与分针、时针的区别;观察分针和秒针的走动,抽象出1分=60秒。
②活动实践的方法,通过多种形式的活动体验秒。为了学生能更有效地学会用拍手等方式估测活动的时间,集体活动时我将电子表放于课件屏幕上,由此学生可以进一步巩固1秒的感受在,在此基础上再进行同桌练习。
③独立思考的方法,在数学教学中,必须重视把积极思维、独立思考的方法教给学生,最重要的是给学生创设积极思维、独立思考的机会。例:在教学中,开放性的发问“你还知道秒针走几大格就是几秒?”,学生通过独立思考说出自己的答案。
④小组交流的方法,在小组交流中每一个成员的发现转化成为大家共同的财富,成为影响其他同学的关键因素。对于教学中的部分环节,采用小组讨论交流的方法更有利于学习。例如:练习中有关明明的短文,交流更有利学生发现问题,解决问题。
⑤课外阅读的方法,学生在欣赏秒在生活中应用短片的过程中,更深刻地认识了秒,认识了交叉学科的知识。
依据这节课的教材知识结构及小学生认知规律和发展水平,为优化教学过程,实现“加强生活体验,注重学生发展”的课堂教学要求,这节课是这样安排的:
同学们,你知道在希腊雅典奥运会上,我国共夺得了多少枚金牌吗?其中有一枚金牌获得者被世界称为“东方神鹿”,他是中国人的骄傲,你知道他是谁吗?(刘翔)
让我们来重温一下刘翔110米栏的夺金时激动人心的场景吧!感觉怎么样?为了给祖国争光,刘翔奋力拼搏,跑出了好成绩。画面上显示12.91的12表示的是他刚才所用时间是12小时吗?12分钟?那是多少呢?
秒是比分更小的单位,今天我们就一起来认识秒。(揭示课题:秒的认识)
[设计意图:“兴趣是最好的老师”,而对低年级的学生来说,在学习中培养他们的学习兴趣,激发学习的热情尤为重要。本节课开始由激动人心的奥运比赛录像引入,紧紧抓住了学生的注意力,同时紧密联系学生的生活实际,让他们感到数学并不神秘,数学就在自己的身边,更激起了他们的探索新知的欲望。]
1、认识秒针
让我们观察一下商店里的钟,你发现钟面上的针有什么不同吗?(有的两根针,有的三根针)有两根针的各是什么针?其实,钟面上应该有形影不离的三兄弟,看又来了一根针,你知道它叫什么吗?对!秒针长什么样?(引导:和时针、分针比呢?秒针最长最细)
①我们知道分针走1小格是一分,秒针走1小格是多长时间呢?(1秒)请两生完整地说,同桌互说。(秒针走1小格的时间就是1秒)
②秒针走1大格的时间又是多少呢?为什么?你还知道秒针走几大格是几秒?举例。
③秒针从12走到6是多长时间?秒针走一圈呢?(板书:60秒)
2、秒与分的关系
下面我们跟着秒针弟弟的每一下走动,边数数边轻轻拍手,感受一下60秒有多长,好吗?注意观察秒针走一圈,分针有什么变化。
分针有什么变化?(秒针走一圈分针走了一小格)同桌互相说。
分针走了一小格是多长时间?(板书:1分)
你发现了什么?(1分=60秒)两生说一说。(板书:=)
3、思考:想想时针、分针、秒针每天都在钟面上赛跑,谁跑得最快,谁跑得最慢?为什么?小组讨论,再集体交流。(引导:这说明了1时、1分、1秒,谁的时间最长?谁的时间最短?对比把握好时、分、秒之间的关系)
4、老师这里有个电子表被花瓶挡住了一部分,你会认这个时间吗?(8时30分)你是怎么认的?把花瓶拿开这个时间你会认吗?(8时30分34秒)还差多长时间就是8时31分?
(课件演示)电子表计时介绍:只有秒在走,满60秒,增加一分。满60分,增加一时。
[设计意图:通过对比认识秒针的特征,秒与分之间的进率关系以及电子钟的计时方式。以拍手的形式,初步感受1秒的时间。小组交流讨论,区别时、分、秒三个时间单位,正确理解它们之间的关系。]
大家想进一步感受秒,和秒做朋友吗?
1、集体活动
①请两生同时跳绳20下,其他生用喜欢的方式为他们计时,可以拍手、心中默数数,有困难的同学随着屏幕中的电子表秒的走动计时。
② 同样的方法,估测从教室后走到前面用了几秒。
2、同桌活动
同桌合作,互测做一次深呼吸用了几秒。
3、小组活动
由组长分配小组成员,分别进行四项活动。
①写字:老师 百年 乒乓 买肉 网夹 丢尽(都为六画)
②口算:小组内集体检查。
③数脉搏:
④数数:从0开始尽可能快而清楚地数
(教师用秒表计时15秒)
通过活动,你觉得秒怎样?你知道了什么?
[设计意图:通过分层次性的活动,让学生感受秒,逐渐学会用秒作单位的估测,也是学生进一步建立“秒”概念的过程。在活动中,培养学生的合作意识。]
1、刚才老师帮大家计时用了专门测秒的计时工具,叫秒表。瞧!你还在什么时候见过它吗?(体育课计赛跑时间)用法介绍:按一下计时开始,再按一下计时结束。
2、你知道哪些事情需要用秒做时间单位?秒虽然是很小的时间单位,但生活中用到它的机会可不少!让我们一起走进生活看一看!
(课件介绍:①猎豹是陆地上的跑步冠军,它最快时每秒约跑30米。
②雨燕是飞行健将,它的最快记录约是每秒飞行47米。
③日本的磁悬浮列车每秒行驶约153米,是目前世界上最快的高速列车。
④光每秒总大约跑300000000米,只要一秒,光就可以在北京和上海之间跑一百多个来回
⑤南京紫金电视塔的高速电梯每秒上升6米。
⑥全球每30秒就因交通事故造成一人死亡,43人受伤,为了生命安全,请多等几秒!)
看了这些和秒有关的信息,你有什么想法?
[设计意图:在生活中感受秒的应用。]
3、闯关
小朋友们,我们已经学习了哪些时间单位?根据生活实际我们应该选择合适的时间单位,你会用吗?敢不敢接受挑战,去闯闯关?
①想想做做3(填合适的时间单位)
抢答,有问题的集体交流。
②日记:
明明是个乖孩子。每天他总是早早起床,把语文书读20小时才吃早饭。妈妈说吃饭不能太快,所以明明会花15秒把早饭吃得干干净净才上学。明明家就在学校旁边,今天上学时刚巧碰到了玲玲,他们用了3小时边说边笑地跑进了教室。上午的体育课上,明明跑50米只用了12秒,全班第一名。为了下午上课有精神,明明总会睡30秒钟的午觉。放学后,他回到家便抓紧时间写作业,一般1分钟就能做完。晚上,他经常会陪爷爷看30秒的新闻联播。有时,他知道爸爸每天工作8分钟很累,就说学校有趣的事让他开心。
a、这篇日记,在你的小组中讨论一下有没有问题?
b、你觉的明明怎么样?(有哪些值得你学习的地方?)
③趣味智力题:想想做做5
小组讨论再交流。
改“5人各唱这首歌要多长时间?”
④认时刻:想想做做4(可依时考虑是否纳入教学内容)
小组讨论先认时刻,在说说这些时刻同学们各在做什么。
[设计意图:在层次性的练习中,巩固所学知识,能够灵活应用。闯关1是基础性练习,闯关2是综合性练习,通过小组交流,让学生经历合作发现问题、解决问题的过程。闯关3是道趣味智力题,通过对教材的改编“5人各唱这首歌要多长时间?”,学生更深刻地加强了对本题的认识,提高了学生解决问题的能力。]
今天学习了秒,你有什么收获?
[设计意图:让学生自己回忆归纳本节课所学内容,让学生由感性认识上升到理性认识,形成知识网络,培养了抽象概括能力。]
三年级下册数学说课稿全册篇十一
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