范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
小学三年级数学说课稿篇一
“24时计时法”是在学生认识了时、分、秒,年、月、日的基础上进行学习的。教材先编排了“认识24时计时法和探索24时计时法与普通计时法之间的关系”,再编排“认识时间和时刻的区别和计算简单的经过时间”,符合学生的认知规律。24时计时法在邮电、交通、广播等部门有着广泛应用,但由于三年级的学生对普通计时法中表示时间的词语知之甚少,再加上平时很少使用24时计时法,因此用24时计时法表示下午几时或上午几时时,学生往往感到不太习惯。
由于概念不能简单植入学生的头脑,学生要将概念内化,才能成为他们自己的,才能使数学结构与学生的认知结构对接。课堂上将采用自主探索、合作交流的学习方式,在直观演示、动手操作中,加强对钟面认识;在发现规律、总结规律中探索普通计时法与24时计时法的关系;在应用知识解决生活实际问题的过程中,建立时间观念,为后继学习打下坚实的基础。
基于以上分析,我制定了以下学习目标:
1、学生在具体的生活情景中,了解24时计时法的特征,会用24时计时法正确表示一天中的某一时刻,并能正确进行两种计时法的互换。
2、学生经历认识、收集、应用24时计时法的过程,体会24时计时法在生活中的应用,建立时间观念。
3、学生在探索24时计时法与普通计时法的互换中,促进思维发展。
为了实现学习目标,我把运用24时计时法正确表示一天中的某一时刻定为学习重点,把探索24时计时法与普通计时法的关系定为学习难点。
为了突出本课的重点,突破难点,促进学生发展,我设计了如下的学习活动。
(一)创设情景,质疑自探
1、创设生活情景,形成探究问题
课件出示:安阳市新华书店门口牌子上写着:营业时间冬9:00——19:00、夏9:00——20:00,如果你想去书店买书,你可以几点到书店呢?为什么?
学生可能会说到:上午10时,上午11时,下午1时,下午2时……,可能有的同学会说到:因为20时就是晚上8时,所以只要在晚上8时之前到都可以。
我首先肯定个别同学的生活经验很丰富,同时揭示出:像我们平常说的上午几时、下午几时或者晚上几时,这是普通计时法,也叫12时计时法,而像19时、20时是一种新的计时法,叫24时计时法。在生活中经常会用这两种计时法的互换。今天我们就来学习24时计时法。
(设计意图:利用现实生活素材,创设开放的问题情景,让学生自然而然地说出上午几时、下午几时,或者晚上几时,为揭示12时计时法或普通计时法提供物质基础。而学生在思考“为什么”过程中,引出“19时、20时就是我们平时说的几时”的数学问题。问题是数学的心脏,这样导入新课,不仅可以激活学生的问题意识,形成探索任务,而且符合数学来源于生活又服务于生活的课程理念)
2、交流信息,激发浓厚的探究兴趣
师:“课前同学们收集了用24时计时法表示的时间,哪位同学先来与大家交流一下。”
学生可能会收集到:手机上、电脑上、电视上、电子表上的时间;火车票上、公共汽车站牌上的发车时间;超市门口、药店门口的营业时间;电视报上节目播出时间等等。学生边交流,教师边有选择的进行板书,并提问学生:“想一想这个时间你会在做什么呢?这些时间你能用普通计时法表示出来吗?”
(设计意图:数学教育要给学生一双能用数学视角观察世界的眼睛,给学生一个能用数学思维思考世界的头脑。在生活这个大课堂中,学生经历了收集24时计时法表示时间的过程,了解了这一全新的知识在生活中的应用,初步感悟到数学的应用价值。课上学生通过交流与思考,不仅加深了对24时计时法的认识,而且尝试了两种计时法的互换,激发了浓厚的探究兴趣)
(二)小组学习,合作交流
1、动手操作,促进感知
师:要解决这个问题,我们请钟表来帮忙,好吗?一天有24个小时,而钟面上却只有12个大格,如果让你来设计一个能表示24小时的钟面,你会设计成什么样子呢?下面就以小组为单位,先说说你的想法,然后设计一个钟面。
(设计意图:德国教育家第斯多惠说:“教学的艺术不在于传授,而在于激励、唤醒和鼓舞。教师充分利用“一日有24小时,而钟面上却只有12个大格”这一显性矛盾,引发学生的认知冲突,激起学生动手设计的强烈欲望。纸上得来
终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行。教师创设轻松、愉快、和谐的学习氛围,学生自己动手绘制钟面,发挥了学生的创造性,使学生初步感悟到两种计时法的对应关系)
2、交流讨论,优化方法
师:“哪个小组愿意把你们组设计的钟面介绍给大家呢?”可能会出现三种情况:一是圆形或类似于圆形的大钟面,上面标有24个大格,从1到24;二是仍是12个大格的钟面,不过有两圈,内圈是从1到12,外圈是从13到24;三是其他画法。
师:“比较一下,哪种设计方法比较好?好在哪?”
学生会发现大圆钟面可以明确看出一日有24小时,但看着钟面要想说出下午几时,或者晚上几时,比较困难;而双圈钟面上能突出两种计时法的对应关系,利用这个钟面很快找到黑板上的24时计时法所对应的普通计时法的时间。
(设计意图:知识因交流而增值,思维因交流而碰撞,情感因交流而互融。学生在相互欣赏、相互评价的过程中,获得了成功的学习体验;在比较、分析钟面的特点时,经历了深层次的思考,体验到数学的优化思想;最后依托钟面的对应关系,把24时计时法换成普通计时法,积累了直观转化的数学经验。)
(三)精讲点拨,巩固训练
1、课件展示,强化两种计时法的对应。
师:请同学们边看边思考,你有什么新的发现?
播放课件:时针从0时开始,慢慢走动2圈,第一圈,依次从数字1到12,第二圈在外圈上依次出现13到24。配合演示相应时间的动画画面。
(设计意图:拨开云雾见天日。在学生自主探究后,利用多媒体教学课件,结合学生的生活实际,动态演示两种计时法的对应关系,充分调动学生多种感官参与学习的过程,提高了学习效率)
2、探究两种计时法的互换方法
师问:“同学们看着钟面,能很快找到了两种计时法对应的时间,那没有了钟面,你能发现他们之间互换方法吗?”
同学们通过观察发现普通计时法前面都有表示时间的词语,比如上午、下午、晚上,而24时计时法却没有这些;经过思考总结出由普通计时法向24时计时法转化时要去掉表示时间的词语,中午12时之后要加上12,中午12时之前不用加,反之由24时计时法向普通计时法转化时,要加上表示时间的词语,中午12时之后要减去12,中午12时之前不用减。
(设计意图:数学因抽象、概括而被赋于了简约美的化身。学生脱离了钟面这一形象、具体的实物载体后,对两种计时法的互换关系进入了“心求通而未能,口欲言而不得”的愤悱状态,此时教师引导学生观察、比较、概括,总结出两种计时法的互换规律,使学生思维达到一次质的飞跃)
3、巩固训练
1)、填空
(1)一天有()时,从钟面上看,时针正好走()圈。
(2)17时是下午()时,21时40分,晚上()时()分
(3)晚上12时是今天的()时,也是第二天的()时。
2)、连线:
3:408:20xx:3017:0015:40
下午5:00下午3:40凌晨3:40上午8:20晚上8:20
3)、师生互问
(1)教师联系生活实际,说出不同的计时法的时刻,让学生说出相应的计时法。
(2)由学生写在黑板上一个时刻,让教师写出相应的计时法。
(设计意图:教之功有限,习之功无限。为了巩固本课新知,我设计填空、连线、师生互问三个练习题。在练习中有意让学生认识多种表
示时间的词语,增强对普通计时法的认识。让学生出题考老师,不仅符合学生的心理特点和年龄特征,而且大大激发了学生的学习参与性)
(四)当堂检测,拓展应用
1、课堂总结:“同学们,这节课上你有哪些收获呢?”
(设计意图:在下课前引导学生从三维目标的达成进行本课的小结。不仅是一个回顾的过程,也是一个提升的过程)
2、当堂检测
1)判断下列时间用24时计时法,还是12时计时法。
下午6:0623:38凌晨18:06
取信时间:
第一次:8:00
第二次:14:00
第三次:18:30
中午12:301:20
2)第二次取信时间是下午()时,
第三次取信是晚上()时()分。
3)把下列时刻改写为12时计时法。
18:0023:0010:005:30
4)用24时记法表示下面的时刻
小明早晨6时30分起床:()
中午12时用餐:()
下午2时10分上课:()
下午4时50分放学:()
下午6时看动画片:()
晚上7时30分做作业:()
晚上9时睡觉:()
5)把下列时刻按一日里的先后进行排序
(1)上午10时0时下午1时30分18时13时
(2)傍晚凌晨中午上午深夜下午
(设计意图:为了更体现“学以致用”的课程理念,依据本课的学习重点,密切联系学生的生活实际,设计了5道不同层次检测题目,以期达到培养学生的应用意识)
3、拓展运用(二选一)
1)课外查阅:钟表发明发前,人们是怎样计时的?
2)用24时计时法记录自己或家人一天的作息时间。
(设计意图:好的一节课是让学生带着问题回家,让学习从课上延伸到课后,在拓展运用中我设计了二选一的题目,达到“课虽止而意犹存”的效应)
最后,我简单说明一下我的板书设计。
(设计意图:课题是课堂的眼睛,板书是课堂的靓相。采用数学化的板书方式,以简明、整洁的节奏,体现出数学知识的本质属性——符号化、对称化、比较化、分类化和过程化)
小学三年级数学说课稿篇二
����
������24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²¥ï¿½è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ã·ºó¦ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ê¾ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼¸ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼¸ê±ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
�������ú¸ï¿½ï¿½î²»ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ô£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ô½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½êµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����������ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£º
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ä³ò»ê±ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����îªï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ä³ò»ê±ï¿½ì¶ï¿½îªñ§ï°ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï°ï¿½ñµã¡£
����
����îªï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½
����1�����������龰���î³ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½å£ï¿½óªòµê±ï¿½ä¶¬9��00����19��00����9��00����20��00���������è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ãµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½10ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½11ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª20ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8ê±ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
���������è¿ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ü·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼¸ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼¸ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½12ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½19ê±ï¿½ï¿½20ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿ªï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼¸ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼¸ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¾12ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½19ê±ï¿½ï¿½20ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ëµï¿½ä¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£©
����2��������ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£»ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ú¡ï¿½ò©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿úµï¿½óªòµê±ï¿½ä£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½èµè¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ó½ç¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼î¬ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»è«ï¿½âµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24��ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ö»ï¿½ï¿½12�����������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ê¾24ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºí¹ï¿½ï¿½è¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ö»ï¿½ï¿½12�������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¬ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����õ¾ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����2���������û£ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½îµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24����ñ£¬´ï¿½1��24����������12���������棬��������è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ç´ï¿½1��12����è¦ï¿½ç´ï¿½13��24����������������
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ïºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á·¢ï¿½ö´ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼¸ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£»ï¿½ú±è½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½
���������������㲦������ñµï¿½ï¿½
����1���î¼ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç±ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½âµä·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
�������å¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½0ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½2è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��12���ú¶ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½13��24�������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ð¹ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½
����2��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½üºü¿ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½æ¶¼ï¿½ð±ï¿½ê¾ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è´ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ê±òªè¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12ê±ö®ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12������12ê±ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ê¾ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12ê±ö®ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è¥12������12ê±ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½è½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ïµ½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä·ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½
����3������ñµï¿½ï¿½
����1�������
������1��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½
������2��17ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½21ê±40�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3������12ê±ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½çµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������ߣ�
����3��408��20xx��3017��0015��40
��������5��00����3��40�賿3��40����8��20����8��20
����3����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ê¦ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï°ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¡ï¿½îªï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ì±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½
����ê¾ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ó¼¤·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
����1�������ü½á£ºï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ð¡ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
����2�����ã¼ï¿½ï¿½
����1���ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������6��0623��38�賿18��06
����è¡ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£º
������ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½8��00
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½14��00
���������î£ï¿½18��30
��������12��301��20
����2���ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½
����������è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����3��������ê±ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ð´îª12ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����18��0023��0010��005��30
����4����24ê±ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³¿6ê±30���𴲣�����
��������12ê±ï¿½ã²í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������2ê±10���ï¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������4ê±50�ö·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������6ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������7ê±30������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������9ê±ë¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5��������ê±ï¿½ì°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1������10ê±0ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1ê±30��18ê±13ê±
������2�������賿����������ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5����í¬ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����3����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����2����24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ê±ï¿½ä¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ñ¡ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì´æ¡±ï¿½ï¿½ð§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������ò¼ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½é·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¯ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ì»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
小学三年级数学说课稿篇三
《年、月、日》是人教版九年义务教育六年制小学数学第六册第四单元的知识内容。
●教材分析:
时间单位是较为抽象的计算单位。学生在前面已经掌握了小时、分、秒,并在日常生活中积累了年、月、日方面的感性经验。本课是在此基础上让学生观察年历来认识时间单位年、月、日以及相互关系,介绍大月、小月、平年、闰年的判断方法。教材力求体现知识的呈现与生活实例相结合,融知识性、趣味性、探究性为一体。
●教学目标:
根据新课标理念,结合学生的认知基础和需求,我制定了三方面的教学目标:
(1)知识与技能:认识时间单位年、月、日;知道大月、小月;初步会判断平年、闰年。
(2)过程与方法:让学生在观察、发现、操作、讨论等一系列活动中培养收集处理信息和交流合作的能力,促进学生数学思维的发展。
(3)情感教育与价值观:让学生在活动中体验学数学、用数学的乐趣,自觉养成珍惜时间的好习惯。
●教学重点:认识年、月、日,掌握它们的相互关系。
●教学难点:掌握平年、闰年的判断方法。
●教学准备:多媒体课件、年历卡、卡片、表格、计算器等。
新课标中指出,教师是学习的组织者、引导者、合作者,根据这一理念,我遵循激、导、探、放的原则,在教学中,我精心设计谜语激发学生的学习兴趣,让学生观察年历,引导学生思考、操作,鼓励学生交流、概括、总结,并应用知识,去大胆创新。
学生作为主体,在学习活动中的参与状态和参与度是决定教学效果的重要因素,因此,在学法上,我让学生观察、体验、质疑、讨论、概括、总结、实践运用,用这些手段来调动学生的积极性和主动性。培养学生的观察、探究、判断等多种学习能力,从而提高学习兴趣。
根据《新课标》中的“变注重知识获得的结果为知识获得的过程”的基本理念,我分五个环节进行设计:
(一)猜谜引入,激发学习兴趣
为了激发学生的学习兴趣,我利用猜谜语的形式导入课题,我是这样导入的:“同学们,数学博士给大家带来一个谜语,你们能猜得着吗?请注意听:有个宝宝真稀奇,身穿三百多件衣,天天都要脱一件,等到年底剩张皮!谁能说这是什么?”估计学生很快就能猜到这是日历。然后,教师出示一本日历,并告诉学生:今天这节课老师就要带领大家通过年历认识新的时间单位年月日,(板书课题)
(设计意图:通过学生猜谜语导入新课,直观形象,过度自然,同时吸引学生注意力,激发学生的学习兴趣,为下面学习新知打下基础。)
(二)合作交流,自主创新。
在这一方面,我又分五个小节来实施。
1、合作观察、自主探索
首先我让学生拿出课前准备好的年历卡(年历卡为1997年至20xx年各年的),学生四人一组,仔细观察,合作交流,然后完成老师布置的卡片内容。(可以用计算器)
卡片内容:
(1)、我们小组观察的年份是___________年。
(2)、这一年有__________月,其中
有的月是______天,这样的月有______________________月,共____个月。
有的月是______天,这样的月有______________________月,共____个月。
有的月是______天,这样的月有______________________月,共____个月。
这年一共有多少天?
学生合作完成后我请各组代表走上讲台,利用实物展台,把本组整理的情况进行汇报、交流。
(在此过程中,我适时点拨、及时评价。)
在小组充分交流的基础上,学生自主的发现了:(板书)一年有12个月,有的月份是31天,有的月份是30天,31天的月份有一、三、五、七、八、十、十二这几个月;30天的有四、六、九、十一这几个月;二月有的是28天,相对应的那一年是365天,有的是29天,那一年366天(板书28天、29天、365天、366天)。板书完后,我告诉学生通常把有31天的月份称为大月(板书大月),把30天的月份叫小月(板书小月)。
(设计意图:提供丰富的学习材料,充分的让学生合作观察、自主探索。并在此基础上,梳理、整理自己的观察结果,构建自己的认知体系,充分体现“学生是数学活动的主体,教师是学生数学活动的组织者、引导者与合作者”。)
2、亲身体验,开拓创新
在学生明确这些知识的基础上,我提出要求:要想和12个月宝宝交朋友,首先要记住它们,你有什么巧妙的方法吗?当学生提到书上介绍的拳记法时,课件及时引导学生共同观察:(课件)凡是凸起的地方表示大月,凹下去的地方除了二月都是小月。然后,让学生在自己的拳头上亲身体验这个规律,并与邻桌互相交流。同时引导学生读读教材上的歌谣,鼓励学生自己编写具有个性化的歌谣,培养学生的创新思维。
3、发现规律、突破难点。
这时我告诉学生,二月既不是大月,也不是小月,它是一个特殊的月份,为什么呢?再让学生观察不同年份的二月月历卡,发现二月份的天数只有两种情况,一种28天,一种29天,然后我说明:通常把二月份有28天的这一年叫做平年,有29天的那一年叫做闰年(板书平年、闰年)。
也就是说判断平年、闰年是由2月份的天数决定的,下面请你们仔细观察1997—20xx年2月的月历卡并统计天数,四人小组里完成表格的内容,说说你发现了什么?表格如下:(略)
学生通过统计各年份2月的天数,发现每4年总有一个闰年!闰年和4有什么关系?你能利用计算器计算年份与4的倍数关系吗?通过计算,
学生自主发现了:用公历年份除以4,能整除的一般是闰年(贴纸条)。
(设计意图:这一环节,我充分利用知识的规律性,学生通过观察、借助计算器动手操作、小组讨论等多种形式,进行充分探索,发现规律,达到自主建构新知的目的。)
4、扩展延伸
学生的求知欲是旺盛的,他们提出疑问:为什么会出现平年、闰年呢?为满足学生的求知,我出示了平年、闰年的来历这课外知识点,并向学生推荐一些书籍,如:《十万个为什么》(自然分册)《中国青少年百科全书》(自然分册)等。
(设计意图:从而达到了课外延伸的目的,培养了学生搜集处理信息的能力。)
5、巧设疑点
接着我让学生完成一组练习(课件),在学生回答1900年能被4整除是闰年时,我告诉他你判断是错误的,这时学生产生了认知上的矛盾,开始和老师争论起来。这时我出示1900年二月月历卡求证,1900年二月的确只有28天,这样一个巧妙的矛盾设置,瞬间调动了学生强烈的求知欲。然后我让数学博士带领同学们去了解原因。(课件)通过数学博士点拨,让学生认识到1900年确实不是闰年。(贴纸条:公历年份是整百年的,除以400能整除的才是闰年。)
这一小练习是为了让学生巩固判断整百年是平年还是闰年而设计的。
(设计意图:在这一环节中,通过激发学生的好奇心,适当的质疑给学生思维上的振憾,同时尊重学生的自我发现)
(三)精心设练,乐中求实。
为了巩固与发展前面的新知,按照新课标理念和循序渐进的原则,我在这个环节里分三个层次进行练习设计。
第一个层次是基本练习:
1、一年中有()个月,其中大月有()个,小月有()个。
2、8月1日的前一天是()月()日。
6月30日的后一天是()月()日。
3、5月的最后一天是()日。11月的最后一天是()日。
4、4月和5月共()天。
(本次的练习面向全体学生,有利于学生对基本知识的巩固。)
第二个层次是深化练习:
小冬满16岁的时候,只过了4个生日。他的生日是()月()日。
这年是平年还是闰年?
(这次的练习可有效地突破本节课的难点。)
第三个层次是拓展练习:
1992年2月13日是小红的第十五个生日,这一年爷爷再过几天,才过第十五个生日。
1、爷爷的生日是()月()日。
2、爷爷这一年是()岁。
3、爷爷过第十七个生日时是()岁。
(设计意图:这个练习的设计,具有一定的挑战性,可有效培养学生的创新思维。不同层次的作业设计,也有利于不同层面学生的知识掌握。)
(四)畅谈感受,交流收获
牐牨咀拧靶】翁茫大社会”的教育理念,本节课的总结将采取学生自我评价、自我教育、自我反思的方式进行,并引导学生谈一谈应该如何对待时间,对学生进行惜时教育。
(五)课后作业:收集年、月、日方面的知识及一些重大历史事件,和你的好朋友一起办一份内容丰富、设计精美的手抄报。
(设计意图:本作业具有较强的开放性和实用性,从而培养学生的应用意识,并启发他们要学会珍惜美好的光阴,更加努力学习,将来把我们的祖国建设得更美好。)
(五)说板书设计
本节课的板书设计和教学思路和谐统一,简明突出了本课的知识点,看上去一目了然,使学生记忆更为深刻。
年月日
一年12个月
(一、三、五、七、八、十、十二)大月31天
(四、六、九、十一)小月30天
平年(365天)2月28天
闰年(366天)2月29天
公历年份除以4,能整除的一般是闰年。
公历年份是整百年的,能整除400的才是闰年。
小学三年级数学说课稿篇四
����
�������ꡢ�â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
������ì²ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ç½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ãµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ô¡ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½å¡£
�������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º
���������â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º
������1��öªê¶ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£
������2�������뷽������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ò»ïµï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼î¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
������3����ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ê±ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
�������ñ§ï¿½øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
�������ñ§ï¿½ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ñ§×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡¢¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����
�����â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ��������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ô���ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½óµ¨´ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ðµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¡¢êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ì¡¢ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ïµè¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������ý¡ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ê¡·ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ï¿½îªöªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤
����îªï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶¼òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ë��ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ó£¬½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½âµï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î£ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������������������������â¡ï¿½
��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½
����1�������û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª1997����20xx�����ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½
������1��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½___________�ꡣ
������2������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½__________�â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½______�죬����������______________________�â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½____���â¡ï¿½
�����ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½______�죬����������______________________�â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½____���â¡ï¿½
�����ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½______�죬����������______________________�â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½____���â¡ï¿½
��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¿
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½õ¹ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú´ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12���â£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½31�죬�ðµï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½30�죬31����â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½30������ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ê®ò»ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½28�죬���ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½365�죬�ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½29�죬��ò»ï¿½ï¿½366�죨����28�졢29�졢365�졢366�죩����������ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½31����â·ý³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½30����â·ý½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���������飬���ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð©öªê¶ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12���â±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿µï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½è�ç·ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½û²ì£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â¡ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¸ï¿½ò¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ò¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ö¹ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£
������ê±ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼è²ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ý£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ýµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½â·ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½28�죬ò»ï¿½ï¿½29�죬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½28�����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½29�����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£©ï¿½ï¿½
����ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ð¶ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2�â·ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½1997��20xx��2�âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?�������â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2�âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿4������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4��ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4�ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¨ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµè¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¢ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½é¼®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½(��è»ï¿½ö²ï¿½)���ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¿ï¿½è«ï¿½é¡·(��è»ï¿½ö²ï¿½)�è¡ï¿½
����(�����í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
����5�������éµï¿½
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½1900���ü±ï¿½4����������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ïµï¿½ã¬ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò³ï¿½ê¾1900�������������ö¤ï¿½ï¿½1900����âµï¿½è·ö»ï¿½ï¿½28�죬����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ë½ï¿½ô�ò¡££ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½1900��è·êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½400�������ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä¡ï¿½
����(�����í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ñº¶£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
��������������������������êµï¿½ï¿½
����îªï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¢õ¹ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ�ò½¥½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô����������������������î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��8��1�õµï¿½ç°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����6��30�õµäºï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����3��5�âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½11�âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����4��4�âºï¿½5�â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£
���������îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½16���ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4�����õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½()��()�õ¡ï¿½
����������æ½ï¿½ê»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¿
��������îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½
�����������������õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����1992��2��13����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ù¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����1��ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����2��ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£
����3��ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½
����������å¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡±ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ü½á½«ï¿½ï¿½è¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ò»ì¸ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ô´ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������壩�îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������壩ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú¿îµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºí½ï¿½ñ§ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ð³í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ò»ä¿ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
����
����������
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½12����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½31��
�������ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ê®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½30��
����æ½ï¿½ê£¨365�죩2��28��
�������꣨366�죩2��29��
����������ý³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£
�������������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½400�ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£
小学三年级数学说课稿篇五
《年月日》时间单位是较为抽象的计量单位,学生在二年级已经学过与他们生活比较接近的时间单位时、分、秒。随着年龄增长,生活经验的增多,年、月、日的知识也越来越多地出现在他们的生活和学习中,有了形成较长的时间观念的基础。因而教材注意联系实际,提高学生的学习兴趣,使学生初步了解年、月、日的有关知识。
1、在观察年历卡的活动中,认识时间单位年、月、日,知道一年有12个月,分为大月、小月和二月,大月有31天,小月有30天,能记住一年中哪几个月是大月,哪几个月是小月。知道一年有365天或366天。
2、在年历上查找、交流一些有纪念意义的日子,感受数学与生活的联系,提高解决简单实际问题的能力,培养学生学习数学的兴趣。
3、通过独立思考、合作交流的方式,开展观察、操作、游戏、计算等学习活动,培养学生自主学习、合作探究的学习能力。。
学习重点:认识时间单位年月日,掌握它们之间的相互关系。
虽然年月日时间单位是个抽象的概念,但和人们的生活密切相关,孩子们有了一定的知识储备。所以在设计课时考虑到这一点,先了解学生已知的内容,自主探究,以新课程标准的理念为指导,创造性地使用教材,以学生活中的数学,学有用的数学,用数学知识解决生活中的简单问题为基本理念。把学习的主动权还给学生,发挥学生自主、探究、合作、创新的精神,通过学生的搜集、汇报、展示、交流,教师及时引导学生验证、推理、提升,在师生互动的动态生成中共同推进学习过程。
1、你知道自己出生的日子吗?
2、你还知道哪些特殊的日子?
3、这里有哪几个时间单位呢?对,这节课我们就来学习比时分秒更大的时间单位:年月日。板书课题:年月日
1、你们知道哪些关于年月日的知识?
2、分析年月日的产生。
3、引导探索:(1)出示年历卡,说说通过年历卡,你已经知道哪些知识?(请同学们拿出手中的年历卡,分组观察,讨论找出年历卡中有关年月日的知识,我们比一比,看看哪个小组发现的秘密多?
(2)小组讨论(3)生交流。师:谁来说说你们的发现?
(4)教师根据学生的回答,逐步完善板书:
大月(31天)1、3、5、7、8、10、12
一年有12个月
小月(30天)4、6、9、11
特殊月二月平年28天
闰年29天
对比xxxx年的日历看看有什么发现?(二月天数不同,我们把二月是28天的年份叫平年,把二月是29天的月份叫闰年。)关于平年和闰年的有关知识我们下一节课研究。
数一数:一年中有几个大月、几个小月、几个特殊月?
4、教学记忆大小月的方法
师:(1)你有什么好的方法记住每个月的天数呢?
a、歌诀法b、拳头记忆法。(出示拳头,师:这是什么?你们有吗?它能帮我们记住每月的天数,怎样帮呢?自学课本p48)
(2)你还有其它的方法吗?你喜欢哪一种就用哪一种。
(3)师生共同玩游戏:大月男生起立,小月女生起立。(二月为什么没人起立,二月既不是大月,也不是小月。)
5、结合实际进一步认识年月日
(1)刚才同学们通过研究年历卡,学到这么多的知识,你们真了不起。现在请你们在20xx年的年历卡上找到国庆节这一天,你是怎样找到这一天的?在找出儿童节、教师节、劳动节。你们知道妈妈的生日吗?找出自己的生日
(2)请你想一想今年有哪些让你高兴、难忘、或值得庆祝的日子?在今年的年历卡上圈出来。(学生交流,并说出为什么?)
(3)同学们已经学会了看年历卡,而且通过年历卡知道了有关年月日的知识。现在同学们结合自己的实际想一想,从什么时候到什么时候经过的时间是一年?一月?一日?举例说明。
平均数对于三年级的学生来说它也是一个非常抽象的概念。谢老师通过教学让学生明白平均数是怎么产生的,使学生认识到它并不是一个实实在在的数,而是一个虚拟的数,使学生理解平均数含义,初步学会简单的求平均数的方法。本节课有许多亮点。
本节课谢老师通过联系学生自己身边的事,在人数不同的情况下参赛比较,“这样比公不公平”引发学生思维的冲突,让学生感到数学就发生在自己身边,引起学生的兴趣,激发解决问题的欲望,从而引出求平均数的问题,认知的“不平衡”激发他们的求知欲,好奇心。教学有了这个过程,学生对平均数的统计意义以及作用才有比较深刻的理解,也才能在面临相类似问题时,能自主地想到用平均数作为一组数据的代表,去进行比较和分析。
谢老师在教学中能通过直面的课件演示让学生体验这种方法,并启发学生发现移动前和移动后什么变了?什么没有变?在此,初步小结:什么是平均数?通过例题的深入研究,学生进一步感知平均数的取值范围。帮着学生理解平均数是一个虚拟的数,它表示的是一组数据的整体情况,从而使学生对“平均数”的认识逐步清晰。
在整个教学过程中,谢老师注意从生活实例入手,通过练习设计,让学生借助于具体问题、具体数据进一步理解平均数的性质,丰富学生对平均数的理解。将知识与生活紧密相连,生活中处处有数学。让学生充分体验到数学从生活中来,回到生活中去。在整个教学过程中,注重学生主体意识的培养,提高学生的观察、分析、判断能力。
小学三年级数学说课稿篇六
����
�����������õ¡ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ç½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ò²ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµêµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1���ú¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12���â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½âºí¶ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½31�죬ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½30�죬�ü¼ï¿½×¡ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â¡ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½365���366�졣
����2���������ï²ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����3��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï°ï¿½øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ê¶ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����
������è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
����
����
����1����öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���㻹öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
����3���������ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����������õµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ò»ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é·¢ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶à£¿
������2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½3����������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
������4����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ°ï¿½ï¿½é£º
�������â£ï¿½31�죩1��3��5��7��8��10��12
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12����
����ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½30�죩4��6��9��11
���������â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½28��
��������29��
�����ô±ï¿½xxxx�������������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½28�����ý½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½29����â·ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
����4����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½âµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1������ê²ã´ï¿½ãµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����a�������b��èí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾èí·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½×¡ã¿ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î±ï¿½p48��
������2���㻹�������ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
������3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼è²ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5�����êµï¿½ê½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1���õ²ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20xx������������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3��í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ò¾¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê£¿ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ò»ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����
����
����æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ð»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½êµêµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£
����
�������ú¿ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ä³ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ð±è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±è½ïºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ð»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ê²ã´ã»ï¿½ð±ä£¿ï¿½ú´ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½á£ºê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªæ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡öµï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
小学三年级数学说课稿篇七
今天上午有幸听了王老师的讲课,讲了一节三年级数学上册关于“长方形和正方形周长的计算”的课程,从听课中可以总结出一下几点:
课堂开始王老师以复习长方形和正方形的性质和特点作为铺垫,让学生回顾长方形的对边相等,有四个直角,正方形的四条边相等这些知识,还有就是知道周长的定义,为后面计算周长买下伏笔。
设计了一个十字绣的图,长方形和正方形,让学生计算给十字绣装边框需要多长边框,从而引出问题,开始探究长方形和正方形的周长。
探究新知时候,给出了长方形的长和宽以及正方形的边长,让学生根据刚开始的知识计算出长方形的周长,并小组合作用摆小棒的方法解释方法,让学生明白每种方法的原理,尤其是在推出长方形的周长公式时,通过摆小棒重复解释了公式的含义,学生一目了然。后面用同样的方法推出正方形的周长公式。整个过程教师一直在引导,学生在自主探究,最后总结概况周长公式。
课堂一开始教师就给学生提出了两条课堂的建议,鼓励学生上课积极回答问题。课堂也不是的鼓励和反馈学生的回答,聆听别人的建议等等。提示长方形周长公式中的小括号时,也没有直接说明,而是间接引起学生的关注,印象深刻。
建议:
1、长方形周长公式中还有一种2个长和2个宽的计算方法也需要给学生渗透一下,为后面的学习提供帮助。
2、练习题的设计跳跃性较大,最后一个题难度较大,建议可以拆分成几个题逐步渗透思想和方法,层层递进,让学生更容易掌握。
小学三年级数学说课稿篇八
������������������������ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ä¿î³ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ã£º
����
�������ã¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ìµæ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä¶ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½å£¬îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����
���������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½à³¤ï¿½ß¿ò£¬´ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê±ï¿½ò£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä³ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä±ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¸õ¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�������������æ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ê½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ä¿ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ê¦ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½í¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµè¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ðµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ã»ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
�������飺
����1���������ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½2������2�����ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ã·½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ô½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è½ï´ó£¬½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ö³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ë¼ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
小学三年级数学说课稿篇九
1.知识目标:结合具体情境,探索并掌握正方形的周长的计算方法。
2.能力目标:能正确计算正方形的周长。能运用正方形的周长的计算方法解决实际生活中的简单问题。
3.情感目标:采用身边的实物来探究正方形周长的计算方法,并启发学生用多种方法计算。感受数学在日常生活中的应用。
能正确计算正方形的周长。
能运用正方形的周长的计算方法解决实际生活中的简单问题。
一、创设情境,导入新课
1.出示一些精美的图案,如:装饰图案,装饰后的地板等。
2.在这些图案上,都有正方形。同学们,你们还在什么地方见过正方形吗?
3.我们教室的地面就是由一块块正方形地砖拼成的。我们今天就一起来研究地砖的周长。提示课题:地砖的周长
二、合作交流,解读探究
1.测量地砖的边长。
教室里有很多的地砖,我们可以随便选取一块。如果想知道它的周长,怎样才能算出来呢?必须先测量它的边长。要测量几条边呢?
请你用测量工具测量出你需要的数据。
说一说你是怎样测量的。注意如果学生手中的尺子不够长,可以多测量几次。
2.计算地砖的周长。
我们已经测量出我们需要的数据。你能算出这块地砖的周长吗?和你的同伴交流一下,看看你能不能完成这个任务。
方法1:把四条边的长度加起来。60+60+60+60=240(厘米)
方法2:用边长乘以4。
方法3:先把两条边长加起来,再乘以2。
三、应用迁移,巩固提高
1.独立完成教材第48页做一做。要求独立完成,再与同伴交流方法。
2.讨论计算正方形的周长的方法有几种?哪一种最简单?你能用一句话来说一说正方形的周长的计算方法吗?
3.用你刚才选择的最简单方法完成教材第48页做一做。
第2题求篱笆的长度就是求正方形的周长。
四、总结反思,拓展升华
1.说一说今天的数学课你有什么收获?
2.在生活中哪些地方会用上你学会的知识?举例说一说。
五、布置作业:作业本上的作业。
小学三年级数学说课稿篇十
����1��öªê¶ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ã·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ã·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����3�����ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ã·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
��������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������������îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ã·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½
����1����ê¾ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£º×°ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½îºï¿½äµø°ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����2������ð©í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ç½ï¿½ï¿½òµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½×©æ´ï¿½éµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½×©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½
���������������������ì½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������ש�ä±ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ðºü¶ï¿½äµï¿½×©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡è¡ò»ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
���������ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
����ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä³ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����2�������ש���ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������1���������ߵä³ï¿½ï¿½è¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½60+60+60+60=240�����ף�
��������2���ã±ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4��
��������3���è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��
��������ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������é½ì²äµï¿½48ò³ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����û¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ã·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3������õ²ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ì²äµï¿½48ò³ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2������êµä³ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½á·´ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½õ»ï¿½
����2������������ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½
�����塢������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½
小学三年级数学说课稿篇十一
各位领导、各位评委、老师们:
大家好!
今天我说的课题是《面积和面积单位》。下面我将从教材、、教学目标、教学重点、教学方法等环节进行说课。
1、教学内容:今天我所要讲的是人教版小学教材三年级下册第六单元《面积与面积单位》这部分的内容。
2、教材简析:
本节课是在学生已经学过长方形和正方形的特征,掌握了计算它们周长的基础上学习的,教材中从学生的生活事例入手,通过现实生活来体验面积的含义并通过动手操作、合作交流来形成对几个面积单位的初步感知。
3、教学目标
知识与技能
理解面积的含义,认识常用的面积单位,培养能够使用适当的参照物比较图形面积的技能,进一步发展学生的空间观念。
数学思考
初步建立1平方厘米、1平方分米、1平方米的正确表象,增强动手操作、归纳与进行合理选择的能力。
解决问题
学会根据物体的大小合理选择测量单位,增强解决问题的策略意识。
情感与态度
在有趣的学习活动中“乐学”,在实践操作中感知与体验面的大小,让学生积累学习感情,享受在求知过程中的成功体验。
4、教学重点和难点
根据教材的特点,我认为本节课的重、难点分别是:
重点:理解面积的意义,认识面积单位。
难点:初步建立1平方厘米、1平方分米、1平方米的表象,并对统一面积单位必要性的感悟。
本节课突破重难点的关键有三方面:
1、理解物体表面的这个“面”与它们的大小叫做面积的这个“面积”。
2、面积单位统一的必要性。
3、使学生从“线”的认识到“面”的空间飞跃,形成正确的表象。
三年级的学生正处于学习能力发展的关键期,他们具体形象思维也正向抽象逻辑思维过渡,我以学生自己已有的空间知觉为基础,在教学中安排了大量的观察、比较、测量、操作的活动,让学生在实践活动中经历这个从具体到抽象的过渡,真正落实培养和发展空间观念的目标。
在教学上我主要采用的是活动教学与启发式教学,学生进行学习的方法、方式就比较综合了,有观察、分析、操作、合作交流等,这些在教学过程中都会有所体现。
根据以上各方面的特点,我从以下个环节来进行教学。
(一)激情导趣,导入新课。
俗话说:好的开始是成功的一半。所以课一开始我尽量让绝大多数的学生能够参与进来。我用一把米尺与一把卷尺,让学生各抒己见说一说这两样东西的用途,学生已经学过长度单位,所以无论哪个层次的学生都能把心去动起来(板书:长度单位)这时再分别出示32开、16开、8开三张白纸,让学生说一说,这三张纸你来选一张,你将用来干什么?为什么?引出大小。(板书:大小)这时学生还没有一种表面的意识,再让学生摸摸身边的数学书、文具盒、桌子的表面并说一说自己的感觉,让学生亲自感知什么是物体的表面。(板书:物体的表面)为大家的这个发现起个名字吧,导出“面积”。(板书:叫做它们的面积)以上是我教学的第一个环节。
(二)动手操作,自主探索
学生通过观察可以很快的分出数学书面、文具盒的面、桌子的面的大小来,这时出示两个难以一下了分出面的大小的图形一个正方形、一个长方形。此时课堂中定会起争议,小组里商量一下,用你们讨论出来的方法来比较一下这两个图形面的大小。正所谓“学起于思,思起于疑”,这时学生的求知欲强、兴趣浓。学生会用剪一剪、拼一拼来比较;或用圆片;或用三角形;或是画格子来比较,这时就会出现有的用大格子的,有的用小格子的。这时学生对这两个图形的大小已经心中有数,汇报后教师故意不同意他们的意见,拿不同的两个组里的长方形和正方形的来比较,引出统一面积单位的必要性。并让学生选出一种最简便好用的形状来做为测量单位。这时学生已经明白不同大小的格子来比较物体面的大小是不正确的,所以要找出一些测量面积的单位来请学生们自己设计一些看,引出的1平方厘米。这时就可以让学生找一找生活中大约1平方厘米大小的东西,这些都是学生熟悉的、能亲身体会到的,有利于学生形成正确的表象。如果大的物体也用1平方厘米来量是很麻烦的,学生就会想着去找更大的面积来测量,就会发现还有1平方分米与1平方米,又用类似的方法让所有的学生对1平方分米与1平方米有个认识。所有的这些活动都是以学生主动参与为主,做到师生互动、学生主动。这是我进行教学的第二个环节。
(三)观察比较,促进迁移
通过上面的活动,学生对面积与面积单位有了一定的认识,学生们都沉浸在成功的喜悦中,如果此时安排适当难度的习题,让学生在富有挑战性的活动中层层深入,能使学生对所学印象更加深刻。正所谓“小疑则小进,大疑则大进”就是这个道理。对面积这一概念的强化中可以出示几个简单的图形,并有些是不封口的,让学生比较大小,这时学生就会明白只有围成的平面图形才能比较大小,围成的平面图形的大小叫做它们的面积。在面积单位的强化上,让学生比一比1分米和1平方分米,学生经过讨论得出这根本无法比较或者是每小组用同样长的绳子围出一个图来,各组一比较就发现周长相等的不同形状的图形面积却不相同等等,这些不但发展了智力、形成了技能,还能让学生的学习变得生动活泼起来。使学生能从“线”到“面”的真正飞跃,很好的突破了本课的难点。这是我设计教学的第三个环节。
(四)分层练习,巩固所学
这个教学环节可以安排得很灵活,教师可以使用课本中已有的课后练习,让学生做些选择题或是填空题。其间教师可以进行巡堂,了解学生掌握情况,对学生进行一个大概的评价。全班交流时也可以适当地引导后进的学生。还可以在这里渗透良好的学习习惯教育。
(五)全课总结
这个总结可以让学生来进行,不但锻炼了学生的语言表达能力,教师也可以从中了解学生这节课都学到了什么。
各位评委、各位老师,我的课就说到这儿,谢谢大家!
小学三年级数学说课稿篇十二
����
��������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ä½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½öºã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£»
����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ä³ò»ê±ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
����2��ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����
����ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô�ðµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ç»û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸é¡ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ê½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������������â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£º
������1����ïµêµï¿½ê½ï¿½ñ§24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ô±ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ç³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¼ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½14��00�ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½óªòµê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½×¢ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ïµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óªòµê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ê¾ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·¢æ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½î¶¯ê±ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ê®ï¿½ö·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½
������2������ë½ïºãµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµä£ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä³ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½âµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½10ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12ê±ï¿½èµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½²ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô��������ߵ��ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½0��12ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼äµ½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12��24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ßµï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½0��24ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½0ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ä½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xxxx���õ¸ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¼¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
�����ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ö®ç°ñ�����å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����1���龳���룺
�����éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����2��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½
������ï¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
�����ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12�������硢���硢���ï¡ï¿½ï¿½è³¿ï¿½è£ï¿½
������24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24��ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����3����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
������1�����������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ð´ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����2��������õ¾ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����3�����������æ¡ï¿½
����4����æ±ï¿½ï¿½
����5�����í¡ï¿½
����6�����󷢡�
����7������è¡ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½
������2�������ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½24ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ã³ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½
������è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3���������������ð¡ñ§xxxx���^��ï¢ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�����������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ì¶¼ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½24ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
小学三年级数学说课稿篇十三
��î»ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½î¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ç£ï¿½
������òºã£ï¿½
����������ëµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î¡ï¿½
����1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
����2���ì²ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å²¢í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é¶ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½
����3����ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����öªê¶ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ï¿½
������������äºï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
������ñ§ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
������������1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
���������ì¬ï¿½ï¿½
��������è¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����4����ñ§ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½
�������ý½ì²äµï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½
�����øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½
�����ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µä±ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ôµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú¿ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£º
����1��������������������桱�����çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������î»í³ò»ï¿½ä±ï¿½òªï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����3��ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡±ï¿½ä¿õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������꼶��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¿õ¼ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½è½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½åµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¡£
�����ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ç»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½í±è½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ð¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
�����������ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ¼è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½
�����׻�ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ç³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ºï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ù·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾32����16����8�����å°ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ò»ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ã½«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ä¾ßºð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä±ï¿½ï¿½æ²¢ëµò»ëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½öªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½æ£©îªï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
�������������ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºü¿ï¿½ä·ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ä¾ßºðµï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤å¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ò»æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½îµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ä±ï¿½òªï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ò³ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ô¼1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½é·³ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»á·¢ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
�����������û²ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½ï¿½
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ñ¶èµï¿½ï°ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ôµä»î¶¯ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µï¿½í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½éµï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ü±è½ï´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½éµï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½îµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½1���׺�1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½è½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¾í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½èµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºãµï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§
���������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½åµãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¿îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������壩è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½
��������ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������î»ï¿½ï¿½î¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¿î¾ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½
小学三年级数学说课稿篇十四
本内容是在学生认识了钟面,学习了时、分、秒有关知识的基础上学习的。教材充分联系了学生的生活实际,利用学生熟知的、感兴趣的素材进行教学,唤起学生已有的生活经验,从而主动探索24时计时法的规律,帮助学生理解和发现普通计时法和24时计时法之间的联系和区别,并能在两者之间进行互换。通过解决一些实际问题,帮助学生理解所学知识在生活中的应用,也达到巩固知识的目的。通过鼓励学生收集相关知识的内容来培养学生课外阅读的兴趣和多渠道收集信息的能力。
24时记时法在时间这部分内容中是一个教学难点,尤其是它与普通记时法之间的相互转化,学生在理解、表述的过程中容易产生混淆,怎样让学生学得轻松,知识点掌握得又好。特制定如下的教学目标;
1、通过具体的生活情景,使学生了解24时记时法,会用24时记时法正确表示一天中的某一时刻。
2、使学生在认识24时记时法的过程中,体会24时记时法在生活里的应用;帮助学生建立时间观念,会合理地安排作息时间,养成珍惜时间的良好习惯。
使学生理解和发现普通记时法与24时记时法之间的联系与区别,并能正确地把用24时记时法表示的时间与用普通记时法表示的时间进行互换。
根据教学内容和学生的认识规律,我觉得在这节课的教学中应该注重生活化、活动化、信息化,帮助学生更好的学习,让更多的孩子沉浸在学习数学的乐趣中。因此,要让学生在数学活动中学习数学,在于调动学生原有的知识的生活经验,发现问题,创造新知识,并在这个过程中培养学习兴趣,发展智慧,增长才干。在教学中,我注意实行启发式、讨论式、活动式的教学模式,现实生活中到处有数学,到处存在着数学思想,关键是教师能否善于结合课堂教学内容,去捕捉生活数学实例,学生已有知识经验,也激起学生的学习兴趣,为课堂教学服务。
具体体现在以下几方面:
(1)联系实际教学24时记时法。
生活中经常应用24时记时法,学生或多或少都有过接触。教材一方面利用学生熟悉的事例吸引学生有兴趣地学习,另一方面还引导学生继续观察生活,学会在生活中应用24时记时法。首先,出现电视台节目预报员预报电视节目,从学生喜欢的“六一剧场”的开始时间切入,让学生讨论“怎么会有14:00呢”,引入了24时记时法。接着,寻找生活中的24时计时法:出示银行的营业时间、公共汽车站牌上标注的服务时间、交通标志上的起止时间、火车票上的开车时间、麦当劳、大润发营业时间、邮局取信时间,然后学生展示自己搜集到的信息:轮船票、购物发票、游园活动时间等,无论是数学内容还是生活内容都十分丰富。
(2)设计了较好的教学形式。
学生理解并掌握24时记时法与12时记时法的关系是有些困难的,教材充分注意到这个难点。在学生已经知道一天里有两个8时、两个10时、两个12时等的基础上,例题首先利用连贯的三个钟面讲述24时记时法的基本原理,从左边到中间这两个钟面是24时记时法的0~12时,中间到右边这两个钟面是24时记时法的12~24时。右边的那个钟面上还完整地显示了一天中的0~24时。通过特殊的“0时”教学加深了学生对24时计时法的
(3)扎实、灵活地安排练习形式。
以练习两种记时法的互换为主。从把24时计时法记录的节目单改写成普通计时法,到生活中的不同计时法互换,再到亲自时间完成xxxx年颜港小学秋季作息时间表的两种计时法的互换。层层递进,使学生更好地掌握两种记时方法,同时也培养学生有条理思考问题的习惯。
学过程:
在本单元中,安排了两则“你知道吗”。其中第一则简单介绍原始人以及我国古代的计时工具;我把这些知识安排在上课之前循环播放,让学生在无意识中感悟古时候的计时工具。
1、情境导入:
由电视台播放的节目内容,引出课题。
2、探索新知:
结合课件,深入探讨。
得出:普通记时法数字不超过12,分上午、下午、晚上、凌晨等;
而24时记时法,全是数字且不超过24,没有上、下午的文字。
3、拓展练习:
(1)告诉你的是什么记时法?从这里你知道了些什么?
1、银行储蓄。
2、公交车站牌。
3、汽车禁行牌。
4、火车票。
5、麦当劳。
6、大润发。
7、三次取信时间
(2)生活中还有哪些地方用到了24时记时法?(学生交流)
拿出自己准备的材料,请用另一种计时法汇报一下。
既然这两种记时法,我们在生活中经常遇到。那么,我们要学会准确地使用这两种计时法。
(3)填表(北国中心小学xxxx年秋季作息时间表)
4、动手制作自己的“一日生活时间”(机动)
其实,我们每天都有很多事情要做,怎样才能合理安排时间,让每一个24小时过得很有意义呢?请用二十四时计时法制作一份双休日的“一日生活时间表”。
小学三年级数学说课稿篇十五
义务教育课程标准实验教科书苏教版小学数学三年级下册64-65页的教学内容。
学生认识分数,是从三年级(上册)开始的,已经认识了一个物体(或图形)的几分之一和几分之几,本课是系统研究一些物体平均分成几份,用几分之一表示其中一份,学好本课知识,有利于学生对分数的产生和发展有进一步的认识,同时为下面学习几分之几,解决求一个整体的几分之一是多少个物体的实际问题奠定了基础。教材首先创设小猴分桃的现实情境,根据4只小猴平均分4个桃,提出每只小猴分得这些桃是几分之几的问题。这里是每份1个桃的情况,让学生从分数的角度来研究和认识每份占整体的几分之几,学生通过具体情境的感知,可以利用已有的经验,理解把4个桃看做一个整体,这样的一份也可以用“1/4”来表示。“想一想”把4个桃平均分给2只小猴,在集合图的帮助下,让学生说出每只猴分得“这盘桃”的1/2。通过例题和“想一想”的教学,学生初步体会到把一些物体作为一个整体平均分成几份,这样的一份也可以用几分之一来表示。想想做做着重让学生通过动手操作,加深对刚才学习的几分之一的认识,进一步体会、理解几分之一的实际意义。
根据学生的知识经验,知识背景及本课的知识特点,我制定了以下教学目标。
1、认知目标:知道把一些物体看作一个整体平均分成若干份,其中的一份可以用几分之一来表示,进一步认识分数。
2、能力目标:通过自主探索,动手操作,合作交流等学习活动,使学生经历探索、发现和认识用分数表示一些物体的几分之一的知识获取过程,从而培养学生的观察、操作、概括等逻辑思维能力。
3、情感目标:引导学生积极参与具体的数学活动,体悟和感受数学学习的快乐。
重点:探索和发现把一些物体平均分成若干份,其中的一份可以用几分之一来表示的思想方法,认识几分之一,能正确表示出一些物体的几分之一。
难点:引导学生理解几分之一的意义,理解几分之一表示的部分与整体的关系。
小学数学教学法指出,教学法的选择和运用要适合学生的年龄特点和教材特点,这样才充分发挥学生的主体作用,结合本课内容和学生的实际,本课教学我主要采用了直观演示法,情境教学法,引导归纳法等进行教学。我充分利用农远资源,制作课件进行教学,通过形象生动的演示把一些物体看作一个整体平均分的过程。既激发学生的学习兴趣又能凝聚学生的注意力,让学生直观形象体会部分与整体之间的关系,加深理解几分之一的意义,突破重点,化解难点,以求达到良好的教学效果。还利用农远资源中的图片创设小猴分桃的情境贯穿整个新课的教学,使原来枯燥、抽象的数学知识变得生动形象有趣,激发学生的探索欲望,从而积极参与数学学习。
《数学课程标准》指出:有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依靠模仿与记忆,而是一个有目的的主动建构知识的过程,为此,我十分重视学生学习方法的指导,在本节课中我指导学生学习的方法为:动手操作法、自主探究法、合作交流法,让学生通过认真观察,动手操作,合作交流,真正经历把一些物体平均分成若干份,这样的一份可以用几分之一来表示的过程。
(本节课,我通过上网查阅,浏览网上资源,充分利用远程教育的案例资源吸收别人好的教学方法,结合本班的实际情况,整合出适合本班学生学习的教学案例)
第一环节:复习铺垫,导入新课
(1)情境:老师带来了一个桃子,准备把它分给2个同学,怎样分才公平呢?(平均分)
根据学生的回答用课件演示,并适时复习分数各部份的名称及各部份表示的意义。
(2)课件出示复习题1:用分数表示红色部分。(请个别学生说说想法)
(3)课件出示复习题2:请学生用分数表示红色部分(说说想法)
此题主要复习一个物体的1/4,为下面学习一些物体的1/4做好铺垫。
小结:把一个物体平均分成若干份,每份是这个物体的几分之一,是我们以前学过的知识。今天我们继续研究分数。(揭示课题)
(复习一个物体的几分之一,使学生对已学过的分数勾起回忆,感知平均分在分数中的意义,为下面学习一些物体的几分之一埋下伏笔,使新旧知识自然衔接。)
第二环节:操作交流,探索新知
这一环节的教学就是要调动学生已有的经验,为新知的学习找到相关的理论基础。让学生学会迁移。我主要创设三个情境,分三步进行教学:
1、初步体会(课件出示例题情境图)
情境:孙悟空给小猴们准备了一盘桃,要平均分给4只小猴,每只小猴分得几分之一? 你知道吗?请你拿出4个纸桃片片帮小猴分一分!
我先引导学生运用纸桃片片分一分,同学之间互相交流,估计学生通过动手分一分,根据已有的知识经验很快会得出每只小猴分得这盘桃的1/4,再运用课件演示:把这盘桃平均分给4只小猴,我们可以把这盘桃看作一个整体,平均分成4份,每只小猴分得4份中的1分,可以用1/4来表示。
(设计意图:使学生初步认识一个整体的几分之一,初步体会分数几分之一也可以表示1个物体。)
2、加深理解。(课件出示“想一想”题图)
(1)提问:如果把这盘桃平均分给2只小猴,每只小猴分得这盘桃的几分之几?为什么?
(2)先让学生拿出学具纸桃片分一分,交流,说说自己的想法。学生可能出现1/2和2/4两种情况。引导学生通过比较,使学生发现用1/2表示更符合题意
再用课件演示:把这盘桃平均分给2只小猴,是要把这盘桃平均分成2份,每只小猴分得这盘桃的1/2.
(3)对比1/4和1/2.(课件出示4个桃的1/4和4个桃的1/2)
引导学生通过对比知道同样是把4个桃平均分,分成的份数不同,表示的分数也不同。
(设计意图:使学生在比较中进一步感知几分之一的含义,进一步感知几分之一可以是多个物体)
2、 加深体会:(课件出示情境图)
提问:如果把6个桃平均分给3只小猴,每只小猴分得这些桃的几分之几?
(学生交流,指名回答,教师演示)
(设计意图:这一环节的教学,利用课件生动形象的演示:把一盘桃平均分成若干份,不管每份多少个都占整体的整体的几分之一。“无论每份是多少个都占整体的几分之一”,对学生来说,是一个知识点上的跨越,为了让学生顺利地实现这个跨越,我为学生提供合理的台阶,让他们通过观察演示,动手操作,讨论交流来获得具体的感性认识,并且通过引导学生归纳概括,从而抽象出“把一些物体平均分成几份,无论每份是多少个都占整体的几分之一”,使学生更加深刻地体会几分之一的意义。)
第三环节:看书质疑,解答疑问
爱因斯坦提出:提出一个问题比解决一个问题更重要。因此我十分重视学生在学习中提出来的每个问题,如此来了解他们在学习中的疑点并及时给予解答,使学生在课堂上消化、理解教学难点,更重要的是培养学生的问题意识。
第四环节:巩固练习,强化新知
练习是掌握知识,形成技能,发展智力的重要环节,根据学生的年龄特点和认知规律,结合本课的知识,我设计了以下几组练习:
1、基础练习
课件出示“想想做做”第1题
(1)先让学生仔细观察,完成填空,然后说说自己的想法。
(2)比一比,说一说,第一行的两幅图表示的平均分和第二行两幅图表示的平均分有什么相同和不同的地方吗?(小组讨论,全班交流)
小结:这两行的两幅图都是把一个整体平均分,第一行每份是一个的情况,第二行每份是几个的情况,每份都是整体的几分之一。
(设计意图:通过学生充分的比较,讨论,加上我的概括归纳,学生能更好地感知本课的教学重点,难点,有利于形成清晰的表象:把一个整体平均分后,不管每份是多少个,每份都是整体的几分之一。)
2、比较练习
课件出示“想想做做”第2题
让学生自己观察填写,填完后再交流,指名回答。
交流时重点让学生体会:这2副图虽然都是12个小方块,但平均分成的份数不一样,表示的分数也不一样。
3、操作练习
(1)、涂色练习:课件出示“想想做做”第3题图
教师指导学生先根据分数的含义确定平均分成几份,说说是怎么知道的。再把其中的一份涂色,涂好后看看这一份有几个,然后课件演示订正。
(2)、小棒游戏
拿出12根小棒的1/2和1/3你还能拿出这堆小棒的几分之一吗?
学生之间分一分,拿一拿,猜一猜,说一说。
(设计意图:通过猜一猜的活动,既可以调动学生的积极性,又可以充分发挥学生的自主性,可以培养学生用不同方法解决问题的能力,进一步理解分数的意义。)
第五环节:总结评价,拓展延伸
1、今天这节课我们学习了什么?通过今天的学习,你对分数又有了哪些新的认识呢?
总结:今天我们进一步学习了分数,知道不仅是一个物体,一些物体也能看作一个整体,只要把它平均分成若干份,其中的一份就能用几分之一来表示。
2、拓展延伸:你还能用分数来说说我们身边的一些生活现象吗?使学生了解数学与生活的联系。
以下是我的板书:
这样的板书设计,力求体现知识性和简洁性,便于学生归纳小结,突出教学重点。
以上说课,仅是我对现代远程教育资源辅助教学的一些粗浅的理解和做法。如何在信息
化的今天把远程教育资源运用到农村小学数学课堂中,还有待于我们农村教师进一步学习和探讨。
小学三年级数学说课稿篇十六
������������î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ì°ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½64-65ò³ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²á£©ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¨ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ð½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4���ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½1���òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ã¿ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ä¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¾ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4���ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½1/4������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½4����æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½2ö»ð¡ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ã¿ö»ï¿½ï¿½öµã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸õ²ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡£
����1����öªä¿ï¿½ê£ºöªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ä¿ï¿½ê£ºí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
�����øµã£ºì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½
�����ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½êºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½í½ì²ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½è¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ðµï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½á´©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ô������������ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½îªï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
���������ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½ï¿½ëºãµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½êºï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ìµæ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½
������1���龳����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½2��í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²å¹ï¿½æ½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
������2���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½1���ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½
������3���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½
����������òªï¿½ï¿½ï°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/4��îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/4�����ìµæ¡£
����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ý£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
��������ï°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½öªæ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½â¾ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¾ï¿½ï¿½é£¬îªï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������ᣨ�î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³í¼ï¿½ï¿½
�����龳������õ¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½òªæ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½4ö»ð¡ï¿½ï£¬ã¿ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½öµã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ ��öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½4��ö½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö£ï¿½
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¬ñ§ö®ï¿½ä»¥ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ã¿ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½1/4,�����ã¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½4ö»ð¡ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½4�ý£ï¿½ã¿ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½4���ðµï¿½1�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/4����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ê¾1�����塣��
����2���������⡣���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½
������1�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½2ö»ð¡ï¿½ï£¬ã¿ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/2��2/4�������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/2��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ã¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½2ö»ð¡ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½2�ý£ï¿½ã¿ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½1/2.
������3���ô±ï¿½1/4��1/2.���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾4���òµï¿½1/4��4���òµï¿½1/2��
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½4����æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ö³éµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±è½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£©
����2�� ������᣺���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½é¾³í¼ï¿½ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6����æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½3ö»ð¡ï¿½ï£¬ã¿ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½òµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð£¬½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¿ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ë¹ì¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½éµã²¢ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª
������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������ï°
�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��
������1������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½
������2����ò»ï¿½è£ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºíµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä±è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ãµø¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ó£º°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºó£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°
�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½
��������ê±ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½2��í¼ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³éµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��������ï°
������1����í¿é«ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3��í¼
������ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ù°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¿é«ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ãºó¿´¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·
�����ã³ï¿½12��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/2��1/3�㻹���ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½âµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½
�������廷�ú£ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ø£ï¿½
�����ü½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ý¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
����2����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ºï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
�����������òµä°ï¿½ï¿½é£º
���������ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ôºí¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½á£¬í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½øµã¡£
��������ëµï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢
�������ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½