无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都尝试过写作吧,借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
质量守恒定律说课稿篇一
本节内容位于人教版九年级上册第五单元第一小节,在此之前学生们已经对化学学科中的元素符号 化学式 分子原子进行了初步的学习,而且在本节内容之后,学生们又将面临化学方程式的书写和化学方程式的计算这些知识的学习,所以本节内容在整个化学学科学习中起到承上启下的作用,对于学生来说这一节内容在整个化学学习中非常重要。根据教材特点和学生情况的分析我确定了我的教学目标
知识目标:识记质量守恒定律内容,能够理解质量守恒定律的涵义和化学变化前后质量守恒的原因
能力目标:在探究活动中注重锻炼学生交流和表达能力,分析和观察能力。
情感目标:通过对质量守恒定律的探究,让学生体会成功的乐趣,培养学生团结协作的团队精神。
教学重点:通过实验探究建立质量守恒定律
教学难点:对质量守恒定律理解和正确的应用
针对初中学生好奇、好动、好强的心理特点,以及随着这几年新课改的展开,学生有着一定的探究问题的能力,因此,在解决本节课通过实验探究建立质量守恒定律这个重点问题上,我主要采用创设情景和活动探究的教学方法,通过三个个实验探究和三个教学活动,指导学生在和谐、愉快的氛围中主动学习。
教法始终服务于学法。本节教学学生有着较多的动眼观察、动手探究、动脑分析和动口表达的空间,他们在自主探究和合作交流中达到学会和会学的目的。
我对教学过程的设计包括导入新课,新课教学,小结和课外延伸四个部分,共六个教学环节。
第一个环节,即是导入新课,我用电视剧狄仁杰中的片段作为新课的导入,在这段视频中,狄仁杰遇到了两个困惑的问题:1.为什么蜡烛燃烧后质量会变小了呢?2.为什么铁刀放置一段时间后质量会增加呢?通过这样一则小故事,将学生的思绪带进我们的课堂。让学生思考:物质发生化学变化前后的总质量有没有什么变化呢?让学生产生疑问,分歧。并运用历史上科学家对于质量守恒的贡献讲述质量守恒定律的发展史,拉近学生和科学家之间的距离。
设计意图:这样的环节设计引起学生的思维冲突,调动学生的学习兴趣以及积极性,让学生和科学家产生共鸣并感觉到到化学和生活紧密相连,进一步调动学生学习本节课的热情,增强自信心。
第二个环节 教师演示天平上白磷在锥形瓶中的燃烧实验,提醒学生注意观察和总结实验现象,从而初步引出质量守恒定律的概念。
设计意图:在这个环节中注重锻炼学生的观察和总结能力,并在学生脑海中初步形成质量守恒思想。
第三个环节 学生分组亲自动手做“铁钉和硫酸铜溶液的反应试验”和“碳酸钠和稀盐酸的反应”,在实验中要求学生记录实验条件,实验现象,并总结叙述实验结论,而在这两个实验中因为实验条件的不同,会发现学生的实验结果不一,教师从中引导,让孩子在脑海中自主建构在封闭条件下,化学变化前后反应物和生成物物质的质量不变。
设计意图:让学生自己发现定律,并且认识到定律的严谨性,锻炼了学生动手能力,观察能力,总结能力,并培养学生团队协作精神。培养学生自主学习的思想。
第四个环节,播放电解水演示实验使学生更深入的理解质量守恒定律,对于质量守恒定律中因为变化过程中原子的种类、原子的数目、原子的质量都没有改变,让学生对于质量守恒定律的理解进一步得到升华。
设计意图:让学生从微观上进一步理解质量守恒定律
第五个环节 归纳概括,小结课题这个环节,以质量守恒定理为中心,把本节课的知识点做一总结。本节课主要探究了质量守恒定律的含义,适用范围,应用以及实质。以图表的形式直观的展示给学生。
设计意图:进一步加深学生的印象,巩固知识。
第六个环节? 运用所学知识解决课题开始前导入问题,让学生亲自体验一把做狄仁杰的感受,并利用所学知识去解决一些实际问题。以此扩大知识的应用面,拓展学生的思维,使他们能够把知识转化为能力。为了进一步锻炼这种能力,我们把课堂延伸到课外,我给学生布置了家庭小任务。
设计意图? 通过反馈练习和拓展延伸培养了学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,让学生切身感受到,化学来源于生活,又服务于生活。
本节课的教学设计着重“两个体现、三个突出”。“两个体现”,即体现新课程教育的教学理念和体现学生自主学习、合作探究的学习方式。“三个突出”,即以实验为基础,引导科学发现;以思维为核心,开展问题探究;以学生为主体,促进知识内化。
质量守恒定律说课稿篇二
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质量守恒定律说课稿篇三
尊敬的各位老师好!今天,我说课的题目是人教版九年级化学上册第五单元 课题1 质量守恒定律 第一课时。在学习新课程后,新课程所体现出三大课堂教学理念“生活性、发展性、生命性”。只有在这样的教学理念指导下,才会使课堂焕发活力。今天我的说课也将在这样的教学理念指导下,从以下五个方面展开。
一、教材的地位及其作用
在前面的学习中学生关于化学反应主要是从定性的角度来分析的。本节课是学生从定性角度向定量角度过渡的第一站。同时,他又为后续学习化学方程式的书写与计算做铺垫。所以,本节课在整本书中起到承上启下的重要作用。
鉴于此,我把本节课的教学目标设置如下:
(1)知识与技能:认识质量守恒定律,运用质量守恒定律解决相关问题。
(2)过程与方法:通过探究实验、小组讨论等活动,培养学生动手能力、实践能力、分析推理能力。
(3)情感态度与价值观:在参与过程中体验科学探究的艰辛和喜悦,感受化学与生活的密切联系。
三、教学重难点:
教学重点:通过实验探究认识质量守恒定律。
教学难点:从微观的角度解释质量守恒定律。
二、学情分析:
现在教学要求从学生的实际情况出发,那么学生在学习本节课时是怎样一种情况呢?
(1)知识状况:学生已经了解了元素符号、化学式等基础知识,并初步掌握了一些简单的化学反应。
(2)能力状况:学生已经掌握了简单的化学实验基本操作技能,但对探究实验学习方法尚处于启蒙阶段。
(3)心理状况: 学生对于化学实验,在情绪和心理都处于比较好奇和兴奋的状态,往往渴望动手进行实验探究。这些都为本节课的学习做了很好的准备。
本节课中我主要采用的教学方法是“实验探究法”,分组合作法、讨论法等作为辅助方法进行教学,整个的课堂以实验探究为核心,以“学生为主,教师为辅”为原则,通过“激疑—探究—形成”这条教学思路,最终让学生自主形成质量守恒定律。那么,到底这个定律是如何形成在学生头脑中的呢?让我们一同走进我的课堂!
该过程由以下四部分构成
(一)创设情境,引入课题
课堂之初, 我会给我的学生举两个生活小例子:1、为什么蜡烛燃烧后质量会变小了?2、为什么铁刀放置一段时间后质量会增加?让学生思考:物质发生化学变化前后的总质量是否变化呢?对这个问题,学生出现了分歧,引发了思维冲突,从而顺利进入实验探究阶段。
(二)合作探究,解决课题
整个探究环节共分为三个部分:
首先,第一部分:我向学生介绍课本上未曾涉及的,对化学反应定量研究作出贡献一位科学家—波义尔,他在敞口的容器中进行实验测得质量不相等了,而另一位科学家是拉瓦锡,他用较精确的实验法在密闭的条件下测得反应后总质量相等。这样通过化学史料的矛盾将学生的思维冲突推向一个新高度。这也是本节课的一个小亮点。
接着第二部分是教师的演示实验,我准备的演示实验是氢氧化钠和硫酸铜反应。在做实验之前,我会强调学生观察实验操作、现象及天平的平衡状态,最终得出结论:反应前后,参加反应的物质总质量相等。本环节的目的是使质量守恒思想在学生头脑中初步形成。
接着乘胜追击,第三部分学生的探究实验。我为学生准备的探究实验共有两组,探究实验一“铁钉和硫酸铜溶液的反应”,该反应在反应容器是敞口和密闭的两种方案下进行,结果相同;实验二“碳酸钠和稀盐酸的反应”,这个实验反应在两种方案下前后质量不相等。这样通过探究实验,学生自主建构了:反应在密闭条件下总质量相等。到此质量守恒思想形成。接下来我会给学生重点讲一下质量守恒定律需注意点,完善理解。
为了使学生更深入的理解质量守恒定律,我带领学生继续探究质量相等的原因。我以电解水微观动画过程为例,学生会观察到在整个变化过程中,分子分裂为原子,原子重新组合成新的分子,(按一下ppt)。学生讨论得出:化学反应前后质量之所以守恒是因为变化过程中原子的种类、数目、质量都没有改变。到此,通过教师的演示实验,学生自主探究实验,以及学生观察讨论,本节课的教学重点和难点,都得以解决,质量守恒定律也真正的建构在学生的脑中。
(三)归纳概括,小结课题
为了加深学生印象对本节课做了归纳小结。读
(四)反馈练习,巩固课题
准备几道小题使学生能够把知识转化为能力。
总体上看,本节课的教学过程贯穿“激疑—探究—形成”这样一条教学主线,体现了生活性、发展性、生命性的教学理念。正如教育家叶澜教授说过的一句话“让课堂焕发出生命的活力!”
我的说课到此完毕,谢谢大家!
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质量守恒定律说课稿篇六
一、说教材
1.教材内容的地位和作用
在本节之前,学生已经学习了一些化学知识,知道了物质经过化学反应可以生成新的物质,但是并没有涉及到反应物与生成物质量之间的问题。而本节开始了从生成何种物质向生成多少物质方面的过渡,引导学生从量的方面去研究化学反应的客观规律,为化学方程式书写和计算的教学做好理论准备。以往一些学生不能正确书写化学方程式或进行有关计算,就是因为没有正确理解质量守恒定律,所以本节内容是第四章的基础,也将对全部初中化学乃至今后的化学学习起到至关重要的作用。
2.教学目标
教学目标的确定必须科学、简明,切合教材要求、切准学生实际,切实突出重点,体现全面性、综合性和发展性。为此,确定了以下教学目标:
(1)知识目标
①记住质量守恒定律的内容,能理解质量守恒定律的涵义,会运用质量守恒定律解释,解决一些化学现象和问题。
②学有余力的同学能对质量守恒定律的简单应用进行分类归纳。
(2)能力目标
①培养学生的实验操作能力、观察能力。
②培养学生全面分析、逻辑推理和综合归纳能力。
③初步了解自然科学研究的基本方法。
(3)情感目标
①树立透过现象认识事物的本质的辩证唯物主义观点。
②体验科学发现真理的途径和方法。
3.教学重点、难点
根据教学大纲、教材内容设置及对今后教学的影响,本节的教学重点为理解和运用质量守恒定律。这也是本节教学的难点。
二、说教法
根据教学目标的要求、教材和学生的特点,本节课我采用讲授法、谈话法、讨论法、实验法。
1.讲授法。它能在较短的时间内通过口头语言,简捷地传授化学知识信息。如上课之初,教师导出本节课所要学习的主题,提出所要达到的目标,这样便于学生明确探索方向,激发学习动机。
2.谈话法。就是教师根据学生已有的知识和经验,帮助学生发现问题,让学生基于以往的经验,依靠他们的认识能力、形成对问题的解释、提出他们对问题的假设的方法。如在本节中当学生发现“反应物的质量同生成物的质量之间究竟有什么关系”这个问题后,教师引导学生对自己发现的问题作出尽可能多的假设,教师不压抑学生思维,不管对或错,都不忙于作出结论,这样学生的思路会开阔,思维的火花会闪现。
质量守恒定律说课稿篇七
《质量守恒定律》是人教版九年义务教育课程标准实验教科书9年级上册第五章课题1的内容。
本节是从化学变化中生成了什么物质向生成了多少物质的过渡,是后面学习化学方程式书写和根据化学方程式计算的重要基础。同时,质量守恒定律是中学化学中的一个重要定律,对今后学习化学起到关键作用。
(1)通过让学生提出假设、对化学反应中反应物与生成物质量的测定、交流合作、得出结论的科学探究方法,使学生理解质量守恒定律以及在化学反应中, 参加化学反应的各物质的质量总和等于反应后生成的各物质的质量总和的原因。
(2)通过直观教学手段,激发学生学习化学的兴趣,从而培养学生的空间思维和抽象思维。通过指导学生观察,培养学生的定量研究和分析推理能力。
质量守恒定律含义及其理解、应用
主要有托盘天平、烧杯、锥形瓶、玻璃管、酒精灯、气球、镊子、石棉网等。白磷、cuso4溶液、铁钉、镁带、碳酸钠、稀盐酸。
1、教育对象是初三.5、6班学生,接触化学这门课后,已知道在化学反应中能生成其他物质。但本堂课的实验是学生接触的第一个定量化学实验,在教学中,我运用多媒体教学,通过利用电脑动画模拟化学变化中分子分解成原子, 原子再重新组合成新的分子的运动, 从而帮助学生把抽象的理论知识直观化,让学生更容易接受。同时,通过让学生划读、熟读课文相关内容,增强理解和记忆。
2、难点突破
本课中,质量守恒定律的含义通过2个演示实验方案,学生是很容易理解。但为什么质量会守恒呢?由于这个问题需要用微观粒子运动的理论去解释,比较抽象,学生理解就会有困难。因此,借助课件,主要作用就是把在化学变化中,原来的分子被分解成原子,原子再重新组合成新的分子或直接构成物质这一运动过程用动画模拟出来。
例如,(电脑展示)电解水:
水在通电的条件下,可分解成氢气和氧气,其中正极产生的是 ?(学生回答:氧气)负极产生的是 ?(学生回答:氢气)
水 通电 氢气+氧气
我们用大蓝圆圈表示氧原子,用小红圆圈表示氢原子。每个水分子是由两个氢原子和一个氧原子构成,每个氧分子是由两个氧原子构成,每个氢分子是由两个氢原子构成,相应的表示方法我们媒体显示出来。
氧原子 氢原子 水分子 氧分子 氢分子
我们在水中通电:
通电 →→→ +
2个水分子 2个氧原子 4个氢原子 1个氧分子 2个氢分子
说明:
1、水分子首先被分解成氧原子和氢原子
2、每两个氧原子组合成1个氧分子,每两个氢原子组合成1个氢分子。3、氧分子在正极聚集成氧气,氢分子在负极聚集成氢气。
启发学生思考,在整个化学变化中,原子的种类有没有发生变化?因为用了固定的颜色和大小来表示同种原子,所以学生容易发现反应前后只有h、o原子,原子的种类没有改变。
再问:“在化学变化中,你们有没有看到有些原子逃跑了?或者突然多了一些出来呢?”学生会回答:“没有。”于是,学生就可以十分直观的了解到:在化学反应中,反应前后原子的种类没有改变,原子的数目没有增减,因此,原子的质量也没有变化,质量守恒。同时加大点难度,让学生根据媒体的显示,写出符号表达式,其实就是下节课要书写的化学方程式:2h2o通电 2h2↑ + o2 ↑。
1、 复习化学变化与物理变化的区别,引导学生思考,化学变化是生成了新物质,物质的种类改变了,那么物质的质量有没有变化呢?
2、通过课本两个演示实验方案:白磷燃烧及铁和硫酸铜的反应,注意称量记录反应前的总质量是多少克,反应后的总质量是多少克。结果是反应前后称取物质的总质量都不得没有改变,引出质量守恒定律。
3、为什么质量守恒呢?用电脑动画模拟电解水,在化学变化中,水分子被分解成h、o原子,h、o原子再重新组合成氢分子和氧分子。使学生看到,整个过程中原子没有增加,也没有减少,原子的种类也没有改变。因此,原子的质量也没有变化,十分直观地引出质量守恒的原因是什么。
4、再演示碳酸钠和稀盐酸反应、镁与氧气反应的实验,通过观察天平指针的变化引出前后总质量不同,从而引导学生探究不守恒的原因。
前一反应生成的co2扩散到空气中去了,质量减少,后一反应增加了氧气的量,质量当然增加。不过要用规范的语言描述:镁在空气中燃烧,是镁和氧气反应生成氧化镁,根据质量守恒定律,参加化学反应的镁和氧气质量总和等于生成的氧化镁的质量,所以氧化镁的质量比镁带质量大。
这种解释实际生活中现象要注意强调答题的格式,先说化学反应变化,再联系质量守恒定律,如果有气体,要加(减)气体,最后得出结论。同时仍然是符合质量守恒定律的。
5、课堂练习:精选2道习题练习,讲评。完成书上p96 4题
6、小结:化学变化中,物质的质虽然发生了变化,但量却没有改变。
7、作业:p95 1题和2题(做在书上) 3题(做在作业本上)
参加化学反应的各物质的质量总和,等于反应后生成的各物质的质量总和。
磷 + 氧气 点燃 五氧化二磷 铁 + 硫酸铜---铜 + 硫酸亚铁
2h2o通电 2h2↑ + o2 ↑
化学反应前后原子的种类没有改变,原子的数目没有改变,原子的质量也没有变化。所以,化学反应前后各物质的质量总和相等。
化学反应前后变化情况:
宏观:元素种类不变、物质的总质量不变、物质种类改变。
微观:原子的种类不变、原子的数目不变、原子质量不变。
分子种类要变,分子个数可能要变
镁 + 氧气 点燃 氧化镁 碳酸钠 + 盐酸---氯化钠 + 水 + 二氧化碳
:
1、在a+b--c+d反应中, 5克a和4克b完全反应生成3克的c和 克d
2、某物质在空气中燃烧后生成了二氧化碳和水, 则它肯定含有那些元素?
a. h b. o c. h o d. c o
质量守恒定律说课稿篇八
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