当前位置:网站首页 >> 作文 >> 最新《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念(28篇)

最新《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念(28篇)

格式:DOC 上传日期:2023-03-23 16:49:18
最新《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念(28篇)
时间:2023-03-23 16:49:18     小编:zdfb

在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文,欢迎大家分享阅读。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇一

1、学会本课3个生字及新词,会用有关词语造句,认识大榕树的奇特和美丽,体会大榕树上众鸟纷飞的壮观景象。领悟“鸟的天堂”的含义。

2、学习课文描写景物表态和动态的方法。

1、体会大榕树的美和众鸟纷飞的景象。

2、体会文中人与自然友好相处和谐之美。

第一课时

1、题解:天堂(人们通常把幸福美好的生活比喻为天堂)出示幻灯片1

师:这节语文课,我们一起跟随巴金爷爷去游览那鸟的天堂,让学生读课题,读出自己的感悟。

生读:鸟的天堂

师:评价学生突出(强调)的是“鸟”还是“天堂”

让学生一起读

师:同学们都预习了课文,那你第一次看到这个题目的时候,你想到了什么?

生答:什么是鸟的天堂?鸟的天堂在哪儿?……

师:你们带着问题初读了课文后有什么收获呢?

生答:我知道鸟的天堂是一棵大榕树。

生答:我知道鸟的天堂在广东省

生答:我想鸟的天堂一定很美好,鸟儿在那里生活一定很快乐

……

师:作者几次经过鸟的天堂,每次给他印象最深的是什么呢?请同学们试着说一说。

生答:作者两次去了鸟的天堂,第一次的印象最深的是大榕树,第二次的印象最深的是鸟,(出示幻灯片2)

师:现在就让我们跟随作者去看一看那株不平凡的大榕树,请同学们把作者描写大榕树的句段找出来,好好地读一读,体会体会,也可以小组分工读。

让学生感受作者是怎样描写榕树的?分小组读(按作者由远及近的观查顺序不同,远处看到的是……,渐渐的……,近处看到的是……,按感受的不同:远看有很多株,)

师:怎样理解体会大榕树的茂盛?

生:(第8自然段的句子都可说明)出示幻灯片3

师:在理解大榕树的茂盛这一部分,同学们有没有什么要探究的问题?

生:学生可以说出自己的问题(比如说为什么说大榕树好象把它的全部生命力展示给我们看?为什么说每片绿叶上都有一个新的生命在颤动?)

师:这些问题提得很好,我跟大家一起来交流,我在读这一段话的时候也产生了一些问题,我把它写下来了,同学们来看(出示幻灯片4、5、6)

当我看到了大榕树的时候,我才真正领悟了作者为什么这样表达。请同学们一起来看一看大榕树,好不好?播放光盘(12’31’’大榕树的片段)

师:同学们看了大榕树的录像,有什么样的感受?

生答:大榕树太美了;大榕树太茂盛了,大榕树太大了,……

师:只有用这样的句子,才能表达出作者对大榕树的赞美和崇敬之情,“那么、那、这”这些看似平凡的词语,都有了不平凡的意思,都在赞美这美丽的南国的树。

让我们一起有感情地朗读一下这一段吧!

生读:

师:同学们想读出大榕树什么样的美?

生答:我想读出大榕树神奇的美,我想读出大榕树茂盛的美……

先让学生自己练习读,等会儿全班一起读。(出示幻灯片7)

从同学们的朗读中,我听出了,出感受到了这棵大榕树那独特的美,神奇的美,让我们感到它是那么伟大。

同学们换一种方式读:第一句全班一起读,第二句男生读,第三句女生读,最后一句全班一起读。

总结:这节语文课我们跟着巴金爷爷一起去欣赏了美丽的大榕树,同学们可以把自己喜欢的句子抄下来。比如我们刚刚读的这一段话,可以把它摘抄下来。

第二课时

一、谈话导入

同学们,上节课我们体会到作者第一次经过鸟的天堂看到了那茂盛的大榕树,他满怀深情地赞美了“这美丽的南国的树”,我们再有感情地朗读一下这段文字。(生读第8自然段)

二、探讨新知

1、同学们上节课已经读了作者第二次经过鸟的天堂看到的是————鸟。作者第二次经过鸟的天堂看到了什么景象呢?请同学们把这部分内容好好地读一读。(幻灯片2)

师:谁能说一说作者第二次经过鸟的天堂看到什么景象呢?

生:很多的鸟;非常热闹……

师:同学们,你们能想象出这样的情景吗?请同学们再把这一部分好好地读一读,把你最有感受的句子画一画,可以同桌交流一下,你感受到了什么?

生:读并交流……

师:同学们,现在我们来交流一下,把你最有感受的句子读给大家听,说一说你感受到了什么……

生:读……并说自己感受到什么。(鸟多)

师:这句话很好,我们一起把这句话读一读。

师生:读

师:我们继续拍掌,……大的,小的,花的,黑的…

让学生读这一句,并让他们体会这些描写真如作者说的鸟多。

生:“我注意地看……”体会:鸟多得使作者的眼睛应接不暇。

师:什么是应接不暇?

生答:……

师:是呀,你们看“看清楚了这只,又错过了那只,看见了那只,另一只又飞起来了。”——这的确使作者的眼睛“应接不暇”

现在我们一起来读一读这一段话,读出你的感受。(读第13自然段)

师:读得不错。现在让我们一起来看一看大榕树的热闹景象(播放光盘8:31’——9:37’)

同学们看到了刚才的景象,你们有什么感受?

生答:我感到鸟太多了……

师:说得很好,现在请同学们把作者第二次经过鸟的天堂的部分再读一遍。

生读:“第二天,我们…那歌声真好听

师:同学们,现在我想请你们把描写大榕树这一部分和描写鸟的这一部分结合起来读一读,看看这样你又有什么新的发现?

生:读这两部分。

师:同学们读了两部分有什么体会?

生答:我感到前面写了大榕树的茂盛,后面写了大榕树里有很多的鸟。“鸟的天堂”的确是“鸟的天堂”。

师:是啊,作者前面写了大榕树,侧重写了大榕树的静态美,后面写了鸟,那么多的鸟,那么热闹,侧重写了大榕树的动态美。这个动态美,是鸟儿们带来的欢快,热闹带来的。

现在同学们再来读一读,看看你由此联想到什么?

生读:

师:读完之后,你有什么想法?

生:大榕树的茂盛,给鸟儿们带来了家温暖,而鸟儿们的热闹又给大榕树增添了勃勃生机。

师:是啊,

现在我们再来读一读最后一个自然段。

生读

师:“我回头看那……”同学们那鸟的天堂的确是鸟的天堂作者发出的这句感慨,你们有什么想法?

生答:

师:好,现在我们再来读一读这句“我回头……

师:我们再来把这句话读一读“那鸟的天堂的确是鸟的天堂”看一下,你们知道鸟的天堂在哪?

生:

师:好,现在我们就来看一看那鸟的天堂。(出示幻灯片8)让一位学生读一读。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二

����

����1��ñ§ï¿½á±¾ï¿½ï¿½3�����ö¼ï¿½ï¿½â´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½×³ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å¡£

����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1��������������������׷éµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2���������������è»ï¿½ñºï¿½ï¿½à´¦ï¿½ï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����1����⣺���ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬1

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡±»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ã¶«ê¡

�������������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½

����������������è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬2��

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²»æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºãµø¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½

������������8��è»ï¿½îµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬3

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´òªì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¿

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµîªê²ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ëµã¿æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºüºã£ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬4��5��6��

�������ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½12��31������������æ¬ï¿½î£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½

�������𣺴�����ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ã¯ê¢ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ç¾´ö®ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î°é£ï¿½

����������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������������������������������������ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬7��

������í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´î°ï¿½ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ü½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½å°í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸õ¸õ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ò»ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

��������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª

����1��í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµú¶ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµú¶ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºãºãµø¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬2��

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµú¶ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

���������ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£»·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºãºãµø¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½üµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

��������������������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½üµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������������ëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£©

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½üºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½úµä¡ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£

������������ע��ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½

�������𣺡���

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£¨²ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8��31������9��37����

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸õ²åµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½

���������ò¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ãºüºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµú¶ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡£

�������������ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½âµä·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

�����������������ö¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½á£¿

���������ò¸ðµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡£¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½

����������������ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

��������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½

��������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡°ï¿½ò»ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

��������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬8����ò»î»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇三

《鸟的天堂》(人教版第十一册)这篇课文,是著名作家巴金的一篇写景名作。对于这一课的教学,已有许多成功的先例。而随着教改的深入,教材大胆而又科学地确定了一系列新的教学要求与训练重点。无疑,突破陈规,势在必行。笔者在本课的探究实践中,获得了一些成功体验。

新课程强调语文的学科性质,重视对语言的积累、感悟和运用。新理念下的语文教学,是以学生为主体的开放式教学,致力于学生语文素养的形成与发展,积极倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式。这种教学方式的变革,只有经过师生互动、生生互动才能体现出来。在教学过程中,教师要关注每一位学生,关注他们的生活经验、知识积累、情感体验、人格的养成等;要激起学生的阅读期待,注重学生的阅读反思,引导学生在读中整体感知,在读中培养语感,力求“读得进、记得住、用得出”,从而达到提高语文水平的目的。

《鸟的天堂》这篇课文在表达上很有特色,动静结合,层次清晰,语言准确、生动,使用标点也极其讲究,是一篇值得赏析的写景典范。“领悟作者的表达方法”是本课所属单元的训练重点,这个训练的目的就是培养学生在理解课文思想内容的同时,体会作者是怎样表达的,领悟作者的表达方法,从而提高鉴赏能力和写作水平。

文后“思考·练习”设置精妙,围绕目标,循序渐进,因而把它作为本课的目标任务,就不会导致教学内容芜杂,加重学习负担。这一认识,使我明确了一条清晰的教学思路,取得了较好的教学效果。

语文教学应在师生平等对话的过程中进行。学生是语文学习的主人,语文教学应激发学生的学习兴趣,注重培养学生自主学习的意识和习惯,为学生创设良好的自主学习情境,尊重学生的个体差异,鼓励学生选择适合自己的学习方式;教师是学习活动的组织者和引导者,应转变观念,更新知识,不断提高自身的综合素养,创造性地理解和使用教材,积极开发课程资源,灵活运用多种教学策略,引导学生在实践中学会学习。

具体做法梳理如下:

(一)激趣

1、肯定主体。学生的主体地位得到肯定,那么就调动了学生学习中最积极、最活跃的内部心理动力。强制性的思维活动,难以结出创造性的成果;反之,发自内心的自主思维,往往能创造出精彩的课堂效果。如在探讨“枝上又生根,有许多根直垂到地上,深进泥土里。”一句时,我鼓励学生用自己喜欢的方式表达自己的感悟。学生兴味盎然,有的动手作画,凭借简笔画介绍榕树的奇特、繁茂;有的反复吟诵,以声传情:好奇之意、惊讶之感、喜爱之情……一时课堂气氛热烈,学生的学习积极性被充分调动。

2、赏析同步。兴趣来自于形式。在感知课文语句的过程中,适时插入生动的录像画面,使得教学信息在传递过程中更丰富多彩,有利于集中学生的注意力,激发学习的动机。当大榕树的奇特景象伴着柔和的音乐展现在学生面前时,他们个个睁大双眼,惊叹不已。带着直观的感受再读课文时,我感到,字里行间的大榕树活了!趁势,我问道:文中作者表达得到位吗?学生们兴致勃勃进入文中品读、鉴赏……

3、放飞想象。追求理解的深刻与表达的有血有肉,就必然要开启学生想象的闸门。想象原本就是儿童的天性。让他们无拘无束地述说自己内心世界的想象,本应是十分自然、十分快乐的充满童趣的事。如一同学在介绍“鸟的天堂”的热闹时,列举了“麻雀”、“黄鹂”、“乌鸦”、“喜鹊”等他所熟知的鸟名。对这小小的“创意”,我大加赞赏。此举迅速加快了其他同学的思维,激发了大家的悟性、灵性和创造性。同学们情绪高涨,众说纷纭。甚而有同学生动地描述了数年后“鸟的天堂”的情景:榕树更加繁茂,覆盖了天马河大半水面;鸟儿成群,屋巢精致,规划统一……我完全陶醉在了活跃的课堂气氛中,眼前的一个个“小机灵”隐约成了欢快的鸟儿……

(二)导学

1、巧点拨。学生被激活了,可并不意味着教学目标达成了。这也是很多教师对教改的一大疑虑。怎样平衡“灌”与“放”,这就要求教师始终不能偏离重心。《鸟的天堂》一文的重点在课文的第七、第八自然段和第十二、第十三自然段。尽管学生的思路迥异,但也不难协调“民主”与“集中”。如在交流“思考·练习”2时,部分同学喜欢的句子不在“重点”之中,但他们有自己的见解,实在无可厚非。其实,不必固执地追求形式上的同一。对于“目标句”,我让喜欢它的同学表达自己的见解后,引导其感情朗读,在此基础上巧设一环:愿意读的同学一起来试试,其他同学欣赏。这不,读的同学声情并茂,欣赏的同学回味无穷,作者准确生动的语言渗透到了每一位同学的心中。

2、善启发。文中佳句、好段着实需要细细品析。可如何才能在欣赏之余,挖掘出作者的匠心独运?其实方法很多:探究讨论、品读感悟、对比发现……如在感悟“大的,小的,花的,黑的,有的站在树枝上叫,有的在扑翅膀。”一句时,我有意识地把逗号换成顿号,启发学生对比体味。很快就有学生欣喜地向我汇报,逗号给了他想象的余地,读起来抑扬顿挫,也更能表达出喜爱之情。瞧!作者的手法多么精妙啊!学生深受启发,进而探讨起“那‘鸟的天堂’的确是鸟的天堂啊!”一句中引号的使用学问……

3、课内外结合。单纯的课内知识,毕竟有限。在了解课文内容后,我布置学生利用图书馆、互联网络等课程资源收集有关“鸟的天堂”的资料。课上,在练写“鸟的天堂”解说词时,我深切地感到了此举的意义所在:拘泥于课本,“导游”的知识广博怎能体现?

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇四

������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ê®ò»ï¿½á£©ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°í½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ì¸äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ì²ä´óµ¨¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½í»ï¿½æ³â¹æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

�����â¿î³ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ë·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï£¬ö»ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½×¢ã¿ò»î»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾­ï¿½é¡¢öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµè£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡°¶ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªöµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½

�����äºï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½î£¬î§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ñ­ï¿½ò½¥½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬¾í²ï¿½ï¿½áµ¼ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ïºãµä½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ä½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½è¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ó¦×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½

�������������������â£ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤

����1���ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é¡­ï¿½ï¿½ò»ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2������í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ê¹ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ý¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ûµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3���å·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½í±ï¿½è»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¢ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬±ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½öµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»í¬ñ§ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²èµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ù¼ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ç¡¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ã¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½æ£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½æ»®í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡±ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ñ§

����1���éµã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½å½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½çºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô½ì¸äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½à¡±ï¿½ë¡°ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ê¼ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½äµäµï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îºíµï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½2ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡±ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¿éºï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ïµï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½â²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²¢ã¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����2�������������ð¼ñ¾ä¡¢ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½òªï¸ï¸æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶à£ºì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡¢¶ô±è·ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ò¡°´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½úµä£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ò¡£¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ø°ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½é¶ùºå£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ì£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é¡£ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3���������ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµø¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ë´ë¾ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ã²©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇五

知识与技能:学习本课3个生字,能正确读写课后练习题3的9个词语;

过程与方法:在有感情地朗读课文的基础上,背诵课文最后三个自然段;

情感态度价值观:默读课文,理解内容,感受文中描写的“鸟的天堂”那人与自然友好相处的和谐之美,增强保护生态环境的意识;

1、指导学生有感情朗读课文,积累、运用语言;

2、体会“鸟的天堂”的美。鼓励学生在阅读中领悟作者的表达方法,发表自己的独特见解,并能用各种方式表达个人阅读感受。

1、课前师生以小组合作的形式上网或查阅有关《鸟的天堂》的资料(文字、图片、音像等),开资料展示会。

2、多媒体课件。

2课时

第一课时

一、自选目标,展示预习成果。

课前,教师提供给学生能体现层次性并带有方法提示的“预习要求”,学生根据自己的学习水平,自选目标和方法来预习。课前5分钟,学生对照“预习要求”,汇报自己完成哪些任务。课始,教师随机检查,巩固预习所得。

(评:语文学习是个性化行为。自选目标的预习考虑了学生个体差异和潜能的独立学习。预习成果的展示,让学生体验到成功的乐趣。)

二、整体感知课文。

1、交流自学感受:鸟的天堂给我留下了怎样的印象?要求学生分别用一个词、一个短语或一句话来说。

2、速读课文:找出文中写出了作者经过鸟的天堂后发出赞叹的句子。

课件出示:“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂!

三、揭示研读专题,开展研读。

(一)让学生围绕以上这句话提出问题,从中提炼研读专题:

①前一个“鸟的天堂”指什么?后一个鸟的天堂指什么?

②为什么巴金爷爷会发出“‘鸟的天堂’的确是鸟的天堂”这样的赞叹?

独立研读课文。小组合作研读,得出初读成果。

(二)集体交流:

引入学习描写大榕树的相关段落。重点学习七、八自然段,体会榕树的美。

1、围绕描写榕树枝杆多、树大的相关语句,利用多媒体课件演示,让学生了解大榕树的特点,体会、领悟作者的表达方法。

(通过交流,相互启发,共享学习心得。教师顺势进行朗读指导)

2、围绕描写榕树叶子的相关语句,启发学生联系上下文,联系学生实际,以及自己的感受谈体会,鼓励学生充分发表自己的独特见解。(教师要珍视学生的个体感受。)

通过以上环节,归纳:

远:许多株一簇簇。

近:一株干:不可计数绿。

根:垂伸茂盛。

枝:富有生命力。

叶:翠绿堆。

(三)教师参与朗读7、8两段,进一步指导学生有感情地朗读课文,深入体会、感悟榕树奇特的美。

(评:把阅读与质疑有机结合,把阅读与思考有机结合,把阅读与感悟有机结合,让学生经历“读—思—悟—通”的学习过程,在“自主、合作、探究”的学习行为中,获取知识、形成能力)

2、引入学习描写群鸟的相关段落,体会百鸟齐飞的动态美。

(1)演示课件(群鸟齐飞图,配乐朗诵课文),让学生重点品味12、13自然段;

(2)自由练读12、13自然段,再小组个人赛读,每组评出最棒的一个人;

(3)小组推荐,选两位同学朗读12、13自然段;(课件配乐)

(4)交流感受:你想到了什么?

(5)师生共同感悟,这“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂啊!

(评:以不同形式的读来代替讲,在读中理解文章内容,感悟表达技巧,拓展升华和积累语言,提高学生的语文素养。)

四、创设情境,进行语文实践。

推荐“小鸟”参加鸟类演讲比赛。课件出示主题:我们的生活多么快乐。

要求:根据课文12、13自然段的内容,发挥想象,自由表达。

1、以小组为单位,自由练说,评出一位高手参赛。

2、生准备后交流,生生互相评价。

小结:精彩的演讲,使我们更加喜爱大榕树,也更加珍惜我们快乐自由的幸福生活。当然也忘不了人类对我们的友善与保护。此时,我们也更能体会出巴金老爷爷的赞叹:

齐读:“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂!

(评:把演讲这一学生熟悉的活动方式引进课堂,把教材“还原”成生活场景,让学生在现实的、生活化的“生命态”中展开“对话”,活化了教材。)

五、自选练习

教师出示以下三组不同形式的练习,学生可根据自己的喜好和特长任选其中一项,可以小组合作完成。

1、摘抄:把本课中自己喜欢的好词佳句或精彩片段摘抄下来;

2、画鸟的天堂:根据文中描写的情景来画鸟的天堂,可插入简短的文字说明;

3、结合课文,参考课前搜集到的资料卡片,设计导游词,可以小组合作实地当一回导游。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇六

����öªê¶ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½3��9�����

���������뷽�������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

�������ì¬ï¿½è¼ï¿½öµï¿½û£ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ñºï¿½ï¿½à´¦ï¿½äºï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½

����1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½

����2����ᡰ������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

����1����ç°ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½á¡£

����2����ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ê±

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ä¿ï¿½ê£¬õ¹ê¾ô¤ï°ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ô¤ï°òªï¿½ó¡±£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ä¿ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°5���ó£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ô¤ï°òªï¿½ó¡±£ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡£¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

��������������ñ§ï°ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½üµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����1��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½

����2���ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºó·¢³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

����������ê¾ï¿½ð¶ï¿½×¨ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½×¨ï¿½â£º

������ç°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ö¸ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������îªê²ã´ï¿½í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½á·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½

���������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������彻����

��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½øµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ë¶à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½äµã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ë³ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ø´ø¡ï¿½

��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½

������������ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ñ¡ï¿½

������������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½7��8���î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1����ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½æ·î¶12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

������2����������12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

������3��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ê¶ï¿½12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

������4���������ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������5��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¼ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ñ¡±²î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����òªï¿½ó£º¸ï¿½ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12��13��è»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����1����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����׼�������������������û¡ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½è»ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½

�����������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

�������������ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ë½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����塢��ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï°

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����1��õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã´ê¼ñ¾ï¿½ò¾«²ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����������ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3����ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½î´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½øµï¿½ò»ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇七

教学目标:

1.知识目标

(1)学习本课3个生字,能正确读写课后练习题3的9个词语;

(2)有感情地朗读课文,背诵课文最后三个自然段;

2.能力目标

默读课文,理解内容,感受文中描写的“鸟的天堂”那人与自然友好相处的和谐之美,增强保护生态环境的意识;

3.情感目标

领悟作者抓景物特点进行联想的表达方法,体会文章语言的准确、生动。

教学重难点:

1.指导学生有感情朗读课文,积累、运用语言;

2.体会“鸟的天堂”的美。鼓励学生在阅读中领悟作者的表达方法,发表自己的独特见解,并能用各种方式表达个人阅读感受。教具:多媒体课件。

教学时间:1课时

一、自选目标,展示预习成果。

课前,教师提供给学生能体现层次性并带有方法提示的“预习要求”,学生根据自己的学习水平,自选目标和方法来预习。课前5分钟,学生对照“预习要求”,汇报自己完成哪些任务。课始,教师随机检查,巩固预习所得。

二、整体感知课文。

1.交流自学感受:鸟的天堂给我留下了怎样的印象?要求学生分别用一个词、一个短语或一句话来说。

2.速读课文:找出文中写出了作者经过鸟的天堂后发出赞叹的句子。课件出示:“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂!

三、揭示研读专题,开展研读。

(一)让学生围绕以上这句话提出问题,从中提炼研读专题:

1.前一个“鸟的天堂”指什么?后一个鸟的天堂指什么?

22.为什么巴金爷爷会发出“‘鸟的天堂’的确是鸟的天堂”这样的赞叹?

独立研读课文2。小组合作研读,得出初读成果。

(二)集体交流:

1.引入学习描写大榕树的相关段落。重点学习七、八自然段,体会榕树的美。

(1)围绕描写榕树枝杆多、树大的相关语句,利用多媒体课件演示,让学生了解大榕树的特点,体会、领悟作者的表达方法。

(通过交流,相互启发,共享学习心得。教师顺势进行朗读指导)

(2)围绕描写榕树叶子的相关语句,启发学生联系上下文,联系学生实际,以及自己的感受谈体会,鼓励学生充分发表自己的独特见解。(教师要珍视学生的个体感受。)

通过以上环节,归纳:

远:许多株一簇簇 榕树大

近:一株干:不可计数 绿

根:垂伸 茂盛

枝:卧富有生命力

叶:翠绿堆

(3)教师参与朗读7、8两段,进一步指导学生有感情地朗读课文,深入体会、感悟榕树奇特的美。

2.引入学习描写群鸟的相关段落,体会百鸟齐飞的动态美。

(1)演示课件(群鸟齐飞图,配乐朗诵课文),让学生重点品味12、13自然段;

(2)自由练读12、13自然段,再小组个人赛读,每组评出最棒的一个人;

(3)小组推荐,选两位同学朗读12、13自然段;(课件配乐)

(4)交流感受:你想到了什么?

3(5)师生共同感悟,这“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂啊!

四、创设情境,进行语文实践。

推荐“小鸟”参加鸟类演讲比赛。课件出示主题:我们的生活多么快乐。

要求:根据课文12、13自然段的内容,发挥想象,自由表达。

1.以小组为单位,自由练说,评出一位高手参赛。

2.生准备后交流,生生互相评价。

小结:精彩的演讲,使我们更加喜爱大榕树,也更加珍惜我们快乐自由的幸福生活。当然也忘不了人类对我们的友善与保护。此时,我们也更能体会出巴金老爷爷的赞叹:

齐读:“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂!

五、自选练习

教师出示以下三组不同形式的练习,学生可根据自己的喜好和特长任选其中一项,可以小组合作完成。

1.摘抄:把本课中自己喜欢的好词佳句或精彩片段摘抄下来;

2.画鸟的天堂:根据文中描写的情景来画鸟的天堂,可插入简短的文字说明;

3.结合课文,参考课前搜集到的资料卡片,设计导游词,可以小组合作实地当一回导游,演习一下。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇八

������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º

����1��öªê¶ä¿ï¿½ï¿½

������1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½3��9�����

������2���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

����2������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½

����ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ñºï¿½ï¿½à´¦ï¿½äºï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½

����3�����ä¿ï¿½ï¿½

������������ץ�����øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£º

����1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½

����2����ᡰ������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ê±ï¿½ä£º1��ê±

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ä¿ï¿½ê£¬õ¹ê¾ô¤ï°ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ô¤ï°òªï¿½ó¡±£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ä¿ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°5���ó£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ô¤ï°òªï¿½ó¡±£ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡£¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

�������������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����1��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½

����2���ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºó·¢³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

����������ê¾ï¿½ð¶ï¿½×¨ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½×¨ï¿½â£º

����1��ç°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ö¸ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����22��îªê²ã´ï¿½í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½á·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½

���������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������彻����

����1������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½øµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1��î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ë¶à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½äµã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ë³ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2��î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ø´ï¿½ ������

��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��

������������ ã¯ê¢

����ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½

������3����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½7��8���î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1����ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½æ·î¶12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

������2����������12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

������3��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ê¶ï¿½12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

������4���������ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����3��5��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ñ¡±²î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����òªï¿½ó£º¸ï¿½ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12��13��è»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����1����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����׼�������������������û¡ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½è»ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½

�����������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

�����塢��ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï°

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����1��õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã´ê¼ñ¾ï¿½ò¾«²ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����������ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3����ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½î´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½øµï¿½ò»ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇九

1、理解课文内容,了解大榕树为什么被称为“鸟的天堂”

2、学习作者动静结合的描写方法,并体会这样写的好处。

一、板书课题

今天我们学习第4课《鸟的天堂》

二、出示目标

1、理解课文内容,了解大榕树为什么被称为“鸟的天堂”

2、学习作者动静结合的描写方法,并体会这样写的好处。

三、第一次先学后教

自由读课文,要求读准字音,读通课文。思考:作者和他的朋友去了鸟的天堂几次?第一次见到了什么景象?为什么两次所见所闻会不一样?(时间:5分钟)

1、生自由读

2、指名反馈

3、指名分段

4、师生共议

四、第二次先学后教

默读课文2——4段,思考:为什么这里会成为鸟的天堂?小鸟是怎样在这个天堂里生活的?用笔勾画出相关句子。(时间:3分钟)

1、生默读

2、指名反馈

3、出示相应语句

4、这些语句突出了大榕树的什么特点?属于啥态描写?

5、指名反馈(大而美的特点是静态描写)

6、齐读这两句话。

五、第三次先学后教

指名读5——8段,思考:哪些语句写了群鸟欢闹的情景?用笔画出来。(时间:3分钟)

1、指名读

2、指名反馈

3、师出示相应句子(我们继续拍掌……)

4、这些语句属于啥态描写?(指名反馈:动态)

5、齐读这两句话。

六、第四次先学后教

再写品读课文中动态、静态描写得语句。想一想:动静结合突出景物的特点,这样写有什么好处?(时间:2分钟)

1、生自由读

2、指名反馈

3、师:动静结合给事物增添了情趣,让人感受到一种蓬勃向上的活力。

七、拓展:

为什么说那“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂呢?

一、当堂训练

你能说说《鸟的天堂》这篇课文是怎样前后照应的吗?在习作中你也这样用过吗?

二、板书设计

鸟的天堂

(按游览的顺序)

《鸟的天堂》教学设计大榕树(静态)喜爱

许多鸟(动态)赞美

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十

����

����1������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½äºã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½4�î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����������ê¾ä¿ï¿½ï¿½

����1������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½äºã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»á²»ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£º5���ó£ï¿½

����1�������é¶ï¿½

����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½

����4��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����4�î£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ã±ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£º3���ó£ï¿½

����1����ä¬ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4����ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½øµã£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½

����5��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½

����6����������仰��

�����塢��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5����8�î£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£º3���ó£ï¿½

����1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4����ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½

����5����������仰��

�����������ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ð´æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£º2���ó£ï¿½

����1�������é¶ï¿½

����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ߡ���õ¹ï¿½ï¿½

����îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½

��������ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������

�����������

��������������ë³ï¿½ï¿½

������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½

���������ñ£¨¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十一

语言大师巴金的文章,流畅自然,朴实生动,富有热情。《鸟的天堂》一文更是如此,语言上准确生动,朴素优美,简洁洒脱,富有节奏感。巴金善于运用确切的词语,描绘事物的性质、状貌,恰到好处地抒情表意。在表现榕树生命力之美时,这样写道“那翠绿的颜色,明亮地照耀着我们的眼睛,似乎每一片绿叶上都有一个新的生命在颤动。”“似乎、颤动”传神地把当时作者的感受、联想融入于景,具有“物我两忘”的心态,意境深远,妙不可言。写榕树的叶子亮丽,又反客为主,写成“翠绿的颜色,明亮地照耀着我们的眼睛”。叶子对人的吸引力太大了,让人不得不看,榕树的生命力可谓强矣。

第二次去看榕树,写群鸟嬉戏,“到处是鸟声,到处是鸟影”,极言场面之广大。从听觉写“声”,从视觉写“影”,写影比写鸟本身更能体现当时的热闹纷繁。用“大的、小的、花的、黑的,有的站在树枝上叫,有的飞起来,有的扑翅膀”。充分写出形态的多种多样,生动形象,给人以身临其境之感。此篇文章语言生动准确,朴素优美,在教学时,老师应抓住语言文字让学生品中读,品中悟,品中感受。

1、能有感情地朗读课文,在熟读的基础上当堂背诵第8自然段。

2、通过朗读,品味词句,能认识大榕树的奇特和美丽,体会大榕树上众鸟纷飞的壮观景象

3、能充分感受文中描绘的“鸟的天堂”中人与自然和谐相处的生命景观之美,感悟大自然中无处不在的整体和谐性。

1、指导学生有感情朗读课文,积累、运用语言。

2、体会“鸟的天堂”的美,感悟大自然中无处不在的整体和谐性。

多媒体课件。

一、创设情境,感知“天堂”美

1、课件播放画面:

师语言描述。

2、课件出示:

“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂!

3、质疑:读着这句话,你有什么疑问吗?

二、研读体悟,感受“天堂”美

1、引入学习描写大榕树的相关段落,重点学习七、八自然段,体会榕树的美:

⑴ 围绕描写榕树枝杆多、树大、茂盛的相关语句,利用多媒体课件演示,让学生了解大榕树的特点。

句子1:

关于榕树“大”:

我有机会看清它的真面目:是一棵大树,有着数不清的丫枝。枝上又生根,有许多根直垂到地上,伸进泥土里。一部分树枝垂到水面,从远处看,就像一棵大树斜躺在水面上一样。

学生自由读,注意突出数量词,抓住描红的词让学生读中感悟,读中体会,读中想像,读出榕树之大。

句子2:

关于榕树的茂盛和美丽:

现在正是枝叶繁茂的时节。这棵榕树好像在把它的全部生命力展示给我们看。那么多的绿叶,一簇堆在另一簇上面,不留一点缝隙。翠绿的颜色明亮地在我们的眼前闪耀,似乎每一片绿叶上都有一个新的生命在颤动。这美丽的南国的树!

学生自由读句子,注意读好“簇”、“一堆”、“翠绿的颜色”……“这美丽的南国的树!”等词句,同时课件播放录像引导学生看图感受。

齐读、试背、指名背、齐背。

⑵ 看着这株美丽奇特的大榕树,朋友说这里是“鸟的天堂”,作者听了有什么感受?

⑴ 课件播放群鸟活动情景。

⑵ 自由练读12、13自然段,指名读:

重点指导:

到处都是鸟声,到处都是鸟影,大的,小的,花的,黑的,有的站在树枝上叫,有的飞起来,有的在扑翅膀。

① 指导朗读:

读出鸟的数量之多,不可胜数,鸟儿活动之美。

② 谁来说说,小鸟们都在大榕树上干什么呀?

⑶ 感悟齐读。

⑷ 师生共同感悟:

这“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂啊!

(此环节的设计体现“以读为本”,激发学生赏阅美文的热情,让学生自由读,读出个人的体会,尊重个性差异。学生自己的感情体验,代替了整体划一的朗读指导,在朗读中感悟榕树的大、美和鸟多、欢的特点,以及作者用词之精当。从中培养语感,积累语言,张扬个性。)

三、选择角色,感悟和谐美

1、选择其中一个角色,以第一人称的方式夸一夸一下自己,尽量用上书上的句子。

2、学生准备,小组讨论交流。

3、学生以第一人称的方式描述鸟和树,展示交流。

4、小结、读作者赞叹的句子。

【板书设计】

鸟的天堂

榕树 鸟

枝叶繁茂 千姿百态

生命力旺盛 活泼可爱

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十二

����

�������ô´ï¿½ê¦ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ðµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½×´ã²ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ã¿ò»æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ñµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ç¿ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ó¡£´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ó°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½úµä£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ò¡±¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾³ö®ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

����

�����������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ðµú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

��������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·î¶ï¿½ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½×³ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ü³ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½à´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

����

��������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

����������ᡰ������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

����

������ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½æ£º

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

�����������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½øµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ë¶à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£

�������ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������󡱣�

�������ð»ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½

�������ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ö¦ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ã¿ò»æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ê¾ä£¬í¬ê±ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

����������ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±³ï¿½ï¿½

������ ���������������øµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½

������ �î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½

������ ��������������������è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����øµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������������������������ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½úµä£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½

������ ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������ö®ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ ë­ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ê²ã´ñ½ï¿½ï¿½

������ ���������

������ ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����⡰������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ë»ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ò»ï¿½ë³æµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ò»ï¿½ë³æµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ð¡ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

������������æ¡ï¿½

�����������

�������� ��

����ö¦ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ ç§ï¿½ë°ï¿½ì¬

ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¢ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿é°ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十三

设计理念:

《语文课程标准》明确指出:阅读教学是学生、教师、文本之间对话的过程。应让学生在积极主动的思维和情感活动中,加深理解和体验,有所感悟和思考,受到情感熏陶,获得思想启迪,享受审美乐趣。《鸟的天堂》这篇课文写了作家两次经过“鸟的天堂”,感受到“鸟的天堂”的和谐之美,文章语言优美,寓情于景,在教学时,应以“读”为主,激发学生的学习兴趣,为学生创设良好的自主学习情境,鼓励学生自主择文, 自主择法,合作探究,珍视学生独特的感受、体验和理解,培养语感。

教学目标:

知识点:学习生字,能正确读写;理解内容,感受“鸟的天堂”和谐之美。

能力点:有感情地朗读课文,领悟作者抓住景物特点描写和寄情于景的表达方法。

情感点:感受大自然的美好,激发学生对大自然的热爱。

教学重难点:

1、学习文章对大榕树和群鸟欢闹情景的描写,领悟文章表达方法。

2、体会文中含义深刻的句子。

课前准备:录像资料,有关大榕树的资料。

教学流程:

1、学生齐读课题“鸟的天堂”

师:读了课题,你们想到了什么?

生自由回答

2、生初读感知。

师:读了课文,你们知道了什么?

学生反馈,当讲到两次经过“鸟的天堂”,师适时引导学生找出课文的“两次”。

(从课题引思,激发学生的学文兴趣,激活学生的思维,再带着问题初读感知,大略把握课文的主要内容,理请文章的条理。)

1、学生自由选择其中一次,带上学习任务独立学习。

师:好,今天这节课,大家自由选择你们喜欢的其中一次,叫上要好的朋友,搭上巴金爷爷的船,一起鸟的天堂看个究竟吧!

师:不过,要带上学习任务,回来时,要把自己见到的,感受到的跟大家说一说。

读一读,具体描写鸟的天堂的景象的段落。

想一想,体会含义深刻的句子。

议一议,将自己的体会或疑难找学习伙伴交流交流。

2、学生先默读学习任务,带着任务择文,独自学习自己感兴趣的其中一次。

3、找学习伙伴相互交流讨论。

(出示学习目标,让学生按着目标去学,发挥了教学目标的导向、激励作用,学生自主择文、择友,体现了学生是学习的主人。同时给予充裕的时间让学生自读自悟,使小组探究不流于形式)

1、学习“第一次”

∴※重点理解榕树的“大”和“茂盛”。

(1)你(你们)从哪儿感受到榕树的“大”,找出具体的句子

▼“真是一株大树,枝干的数目不可计数。枝上又生根,有许多根直垂到地上,伸进泥土里。”

学生自由表达自己的理解。

“枝干的数目‘不可计数’是怎么回事,让我们去瞧瞧”

出示枝干纵横交错的课件,学生观察进一步说感受

师:真是一株奇特的大榕树!自己读读,看谁能把它“大”的特点读出来

学生自由读,指名朗读

▼对榕树的“大”还有补充吗?

(2)这株榕树真大呀,你们还有不同的感受吗

▼理解“那翠绿的颜色,明亮地照耀着我们的眼睛,似乎每一片绿叶上都有一个新的生命在颤动。”

师:这样吧,请大家反复读这句话,然后可以联系上下文,可以联系生活实际和平时的感受,看自己有什么新的体会。

生自由地读,体会;生生交流,师参与其中。

学生自由发表,师适时评价

指名读,愿意读的站起来读一读,全班齐读

师:多么奇妙的感受呀,难怪巴金爷爷会情不自禁的发出这样的赞叹:这——生(齐):美丽的南国的树!

(3)看课件,师解说

一起配乐朗读7、8自然段

2、学习“第二次”

师:同学们,美好的景致是百看不厌的。第二天清晨,当一切显得更加光明的时候我们再次畅游其间。起初,周围是静寂的,后来,忽然起了一声鸟叫,我们把手一拍,(师拍手),一只大鸟飞了起来!(随着师的叙述多媒体播放一声鸟叫,飞出一只大鸟)我们继续拍掌!(师生伴着节奏拍掌,多媒体播放群鸟纷飞的情景。)树上变得热闹了!到处都是鸟声,到处都是鸟影,大的……我们的眼睛应接不暇。

(1)谁来说说,小鸟都在树上干什么。

生想象说。

师:就让我们一起走进课文,欣赏那热闹的场面吧!放声读读课文,你可以 坐着读,也可以站着读,还可以找伙伴一起读。

生自由读文。

(2)师:这回给你印象最深的是什么呢/

生回答

▼“到处都是鸟声,到处都是鸟影。大的,小的……”

指导读

理解“应接不暇”联系上下文说说,并且提醒学生注意生字“暇”的书写与意思联系。

师:为了欢迎我们的到来,鸟的天堂还派出了可爱的使者呢

▼“一只画眉鸟被我们的掌声一吓……那歌声真好听”

指名读,(多可爱的画眉鸟啊,我们全班一起来读读)全班齐读

师:听,它在歌唱什么?(播放画眉鸟唱歌的画面)

师:哪只画眉鸟愿意和大家交流?

学生表达

(以学定教,顺势而导,鼓励学生畅所欲言,引导通过对重点句段、词语的理解、品析,以多种形式的朗读将体验感悟推向深入,并合理利用现代化的电教手段,播放大榕树和众鸟纷飞的课件,真实再现“鸟的天堂”的壮观景象,使学生有身临其境之感,加深了对内容的理解,诱发了学生的审美体验。)

师:今天,我们随着巴金爷爷的足迹,两次经过鸟的天堂,领略到不同而又奇妙的景象,我知道你们心中必定有很多话想说。

生自由表达

师:是啊,如此美景,我们想说的太多,那我们就借用作家的话来表达我们内心的感受吧!“那‘鸟的天堂’的确是—— ……”(引导学生读出自己的情感。)

(让学生从内容、文章表达方法上等方面自由表达读文感受及收获,将体验推向高潮,认识推向深入)

1、朗读喜欢的段落,并背诵下来

2、拟一份导游解说词

4、推荐阅读巴金先生的《旅途随笔》

(作业设计重在积累、运用语言,激发阅读兴趣,扩大阅读面。)

板书设计:

鸟的天堂

大榕树 美 众鸟纷飞

教后反思:

一、创设情境,让学生主动参与学习

老师恰到好处地播放多媒体课件,创设了良好的学习情境,使学生仿佛身临其境,不仅解决了认识上的难点,还给学生带来美的体验,极大地激发了学生的学习兴趣,积极主动地参与到学习中去。而且,学文时,让学生自主择文,自主择友,充分体现了学习的自主性,并给予充裕的读书思考、讨论交流的时间,课堂上气氛活跃,不时高潮迭起。

二、注重朗读,让学生享受独特体验

文章文质兼美,老师注重以读书为主线,以学定教,顺势而导,鼓励学生畅所欲言,引导通过对重点句段、词语的理解、品析,以多种形式的朗读将体验感悟推向深入,并珍视学生在读文过程中的独特体验,善于用激励性的语言评价学生,以情激情,使学生不断读有长进,并获得心理的满足和精神上的享受。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十四

����������

���������ä¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ �����ñ·¨£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º

����öªê¶ï¿½ã£ºñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������㣺�ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ðµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£º

����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��������ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

������ç°×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½

����

����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

���������é»ø´ï¿½

����2����������öªï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

������ò»ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½áº¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����3����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½

��������ê¾ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½è¥ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ò¡¢¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

��������øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ó¡±ºí¡ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1���㣨���ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ó¡±£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

������ö¦ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½

������ê¾ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºá½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡±µï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½

�������������ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ó¡±»ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2�������������ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������⡰�ç´ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ã¿ò»æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½êºï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£

���������éµø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ö°í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ëµ

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½7��8��è»ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ù¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµã¸ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½åµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½å²¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½å²¥ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½

������1��ë­ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����������ëµï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������é¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

������2��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½/

�������ø´ï¿½

��������������������������������ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������⡰ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë»ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ë¿é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ñ°¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸è³ªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ñ³ª¸ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½æ£©

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ë³ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµä¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾³ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½õ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶à»°ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½

���������é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü°é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½õ»ñ£¬½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£©

����

���������ê¶ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½

����4���æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½

��������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����������æ£ï¿½

�����������

���������� �� ����׷�

�����ìºï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°

������ê¦ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ע���ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ë³ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼¤ï¿½é£¬ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十五

理解“鸟的天堂”是怎样的,体会大榕树的壮观。

读课文描写大榕树的重点词句,启发学生进入情境,进行合理想象,感受大榕树蔚为壮观的美丽,从而激发学生热爱南国风光,热爱大自然的情感。

课件。

一、揭题导入

1、(板书“天堂”)

问:“天堂”常用来比喻什么?

(美好的生活环境。)

2、(板书“鸟的”,构成课题──“鸟的天堂”)

问:这又是一个怎样的环境呢?

(让鸟儿生活得美好、快乐的地方。)

3、导入:现在,就让我们随着巴金爷爷的妙笔去南国领略鸟的天堂的风采。

二、初读质疑

1、找中心句:

请同学们用自己喜欢的方式读读课文,体会作者游了鸟的天堂后感受最深的是什么?请用书上的一句话来说说。

2、质疑:

课件出示:

“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂啊!

一起读句子,有什么想问的吗?

(前一个指大榕树,后一个指鸟儿生活的乐园。)

(板书:榕树、乐园)

3、介绍榕树:

为什么说这棵榕树就是鸟的天堂呢?哪位同学课前搜集到了相关的资料,能给我们来介绍一下这棵被称为“鸟的天堂”的大榕树?

(课件展示“大榕树”的全貌。)

三、体会榕树的壮观

1、你能用一个或几个词来形容这棵榕树吗?

(板书:枝叶繁茂)

2、研读句子:

作者在课文中是怎样描写榕树的呢?请同学们自由朗读描写榕树的段落,看看哪些地方自己能读懂,记住它,待会儿咱们来交流;哪些地方自己读不懂,可以在旁边做上记号,等会儿提出来。

⑴ 生自由读、思、划。

⑵ 交流:

自己读懂了哪些写榕树的词句?

⑶ 重点学习第8小节。

3、体会作者情感:

师小结:多么壮观的大榕树啊!难怪作者由衷地赞叹──“这美丽的南国的树!”

指导读好“这美丽的南国的`树”。

4、解疑:

对于写榕树的这部分,同学们还有什么地方不懂?

5、小结写法:

作者是按什么顺序,从哪几方面写大榕树的?

四、总结

“鸟的天堂”真是一棵让人称奇的大榕树,可是树上却没有一只鸟。真是这样吗?下节课我们来解开这个谜。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十六

����

�������⡰������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½û¡ï¿½

����

������������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµîª×³ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµ¼ï¿½ï¿½

�������������顰���ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

���������ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������顰��ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½â©¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

�������������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������룺���ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä·ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����������������

�������������ä¾ä£º

������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½

�����������é£ï¿½

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ç°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������飺��������ô°ï¿½ï¿½

������������������

����îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������î¼ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������������׳��

��������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼¸¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������飺ö¦ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ï¿½ï¿½

���������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

���������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼çºå£ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ �����é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ ������

�����ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ê¾ä£¿

������ �øµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ú£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú¡ï¿½

�����������������ð£ï¿½

����ê¦ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ã´×³ï¿½ûµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½`������

�����������é£ï¿½

��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ç°ï¿½ê²ã´ë³ï¿½ò£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½

������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ã»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十七

1、了解大榕树的奇特和美丽以及众鸟纷飞的壮观场景,体会作者对鸟的天堂的由衷赞美,感受人与自然、动物的和谐之美,受到热爱大自然的教育和美的熏陶。

2、学会本课生字、新词,并能从“陆续”“展示”“继续”“应接不暇”中任选两个词语造句。

3、理解重点词句,体会作者的思想感情。

4、有感情地朗读课文,背诵第八、第十二自然段。

理解文中描写的大榕树的奇特美丽以及众鸟纷飞的幸福欢乐的景象,体会作者的思想感情。

课文第8、12自然段,理解并体会作者对鸟的天堂的由衷赞美和留恋之情。

:大榕树、众鸟纷飞的图片和录像片;

有关巴金和大榕树的相关资料等。

:三课时

教学内容:了解课文内容,能正确流利地朗读课文,试提出不懂的问题,自己解决。师生合作,明确下一步学习的内容以及解决这些问题的方法。

一、谈话揭示课题:

自古以来,人们对幸福都充满着无限的憧憬,都渴望拥有天堂般的生活。(板书:天堂)

问:你们知道什么是天堂吗?

今天,我们要去鸟的天堂观光游览,这也就是第七课(板书:7、鸟的),请大家齐读课题。

二、检查预习情况:

1、课下同学们已经预习了课文,下面我请同学谈谈你进行了怎样的预习。(生可能谈及关于生字新词的解决,读书等)

2、对于“鸟的天堂”,你已经有了哪些了解?还希望了解一些什么呢?

3、指名分自然段朗读课文,师生检查朗读课文的情况并请同学评议他们读得怎么样?

(针对班级的具体情况,机动安排自由选读没有把握的段落)

三、初读课文,感知课文内容:

自由读课文,思考:鸟的天堂给你留下了怎样的印象?(美丽、榕树大,鸟儿多等;)

四、再读课文,理清课文内容:

谈话:巴金先生用他清新流畅的语言向我们描述了鸟的天堂的美丽景象。你们愿意再读读课文吗?

1、请默读课文,看看你从课文中又了解了什么,还有什么不懂的问题,分别在书上做上标记。(给时间学生自读自悟)

2、小组内交流:你还有什么不懂的地方?(同学在小组内可以互相帮助交流解决简单的问题,也可以向别人介绍自己读书自学的方法)

[此时应让学生理清:作者两次来到鸟的天堂,第一次只看到了一棵茂盛的大榕树,第二次看到了许多的鸟。初步理解原因是去的时间不同(注意使学生知道经过深入学习后还会有新的理解)。课文重点部分是写两次所见到的景象。鸟的天堂就是那棵大榕树等。如果学生没有谈及这些重点的内容,教师可以用一定的问题引导:如课后的思考题1、2]

3、以小组汇报形式,全班交流:小组内没解决的问题,也可以谈谈学生认为已经解决的但认为很有价值的问题。

课文写了作者 次经过鸟的天堂,第一次只看到了 ,没有看到 ,所以他认为 ;但当他再次经过时却看到了 ,他感到 。

(1)(出示投影)填空:

(2)交流学生的质疑情况:

(在学生质疑时,教师肯定那些能围绕重点内容提问的同学,对简单的问题生生之间交流解决;或者根据学生实际予以提示:课文介绍的是“鸟的天堂”,我们提问应该围绕重点内容:可以读一读书中描写大榕树的语句和关于“鸟的天堂”的语句,结合上下文来提出或设计问题)

(师生共同筛选较好的问题,教师将与课文重点部分密切相关的、比较有价值的问题,简要板书在黑板上。教师要注意保护学生的积极性)

学生可能会出现如下问题:

1、朋友说这里是“鸟的天堂”,为什么我却没有看见一只鸟?

2、为什么“我”对鸟的天堂有一点留恋?

3、为什么作者说“昨天我的眼睛骗了我”?

4、朋友说这里是“鸟的天堂”,我的感受是什么?

5、为什么说“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂?

6、为什么说是“鸟的天堂”而不是鸟的乐园(或世界)?

7、“鸟的天堂”(或大榕树)为什么会成为鸟的天堂?

……

四、全班共议明确学习方向:

师:同学们提出来的这些问题,就是我们进一步学习课文所要解决的,可以把它们作为进一步研读课文的一个学习目标。

1、谈话明确学习的途径:我们要进一步理解课文内容,感受鸟的天堂的美丽景象,必须抓住写大榕树和写鸟的这两部分重点内容,并将这两部分合在一起考虑。

2、鼓励学生试针对自己学习的需要自拟学习方案。

3、交流展示学生的自拟学案情况。(教师在巡视时注意把握学生情况,选择一份或几份学案,师生共同进行修改和补充(如果生有困难,师给予提示:我们要读懂课文,不外有这些办法:可以读一读,动笔画一画,然后抓住重点词句反复读一读,反复体会, 还可以边读边思考,边想象,与同学共同讨论、利用资料等))

4、(出示学案):

师:老师这里设计了两份学习方案:(假设:如果学生的学习情况较好则出示将学案2与学案1调换顺序的学案,逐步引导学生自拟。)

3、指名读学案,说明:你可以用自己拟定那份学习方案,继续研究你认为有价值的问题;也可以选择老师给的方案,还可以参照老师的方案进行修改和补充。但教师更欢迎同学自拟学案。如果你们需要老师提供帮助,随时可以向老师提出来。

4、自主选择喜欢的方式自学或自拟学案自学(师统计学案的选择或拟定情况,指导学生可以自主选择学伴共同学习。)

五、学生自主探究(机动):

六、课后提示:

多搜集一些资料,有助于我们对课文内容的理解;练习把自己喜欢的段落有感情地读出来,也可以展示你对课文内容的理解。

一、谈话导入新课:

(问好)今天我们继续学习第7课。

谈话:上节课,我们已经初读了课文,了解了课文内容并进行了初步的探究。今天这节课,我将和同学们一起继续深入学习这篇课文,追随巴金先生去鸟的天堂感受那里美丽和谐的景象。

二、生自主学习。师巡视,提供帮助。(时间依生实际确定)

三、统计学案情况,以大多数同学的选择组织交流。

㈠假设按学案(a)学习的同学占多数:(要求学生在汇报时先说明自己喜欢的景象,读找到的语句,并说明自己为什么喜欢,适时指导有感情地朗读或介绍)

a:介绍大榕树

1 大:许多棵 窄

叶:多、密、绿 (堆、簇、缝隙)

枝干:枝上生根、数不清(投影,指出根、枝、干、叶联系生长特点)

生命盎然:全部展示、颤动(看录象)

2 有感情朗读相关的语句。

①叶多②枝干多③生命力强④作者由衷地赞叹(评价)怎样读好?(当学生谈到第8自然段时,可以在反复朗读的基础上试背诵)

3、师生合作叙述所喜欢的景象:

(投影)夕阳西下,灿烂的红霞染红了河水。我们的小船在宽宽的河面上静静地流动,远远地 小船渐渐前行,逼近了大榕树,这次我 望着这株奇特的大榕树,我不由得

b:导入介绍“鸟”

朋友告诉我这里是“鸟的天堂”,而我却没有看到一只鸟,我感到 ;而当我在第二天再次经过时,却感到

为什么这样说呢?请你仿照刚才我们叙述介绍大榕树的方法,试自己学习一下众鸟纷飞的情景。

1 、鸟多:到处、到处

大 小 花 黑 应接不暇

快乐:叫、飞、扑

(生谈到哪儿就练习读一读,可以背诵第12自然段)

提问:你觉得在这里鸟儿生活得怎么样?

(看录象)我们一起来看看众鸟纷飞的场面吧!

提问:你认为这个地方怎么样?

练习有感情地读一读这两个自然段。

2、师生合作叙述所喜欢的景象:

朝霞落在了树梢,朝阳照亮了河面,我们的小船又来到了“鸟的天堂”。起初 后来 接着 。我虽然注意地看着,但是 。忽然我看见了 鸟儿生活在这里,真是

若b a

导入:鸟儿幸福地生活在这个美丽的地方,让我们感到了它们的幸福和快乐。而作者第一次经过鸟的天堂时,却是感到 。谁学习的是这部分请先来汇报一下。

处理(一)以后,询问按学案(二)学习的同学还有什么不懂的问题?你还有什么疑问?(处理为什么会成为鸟的天堂等问题)

※然后练习用因果关系的句式回答问题。

c:最后结语下课。

㈡假设按学案(二)学习的同学占多数:(汇报提出的问题,并说明自己是如何读书解决的。相机进行朗读的训练)

1、指名小组汇报

榕树 (同前)

鸟儿 (同前)

2、用因果句式,结合上面问题练习说话。(质疑)

※3、结合学案(一)的要求试介绍鸟的天堂的美丽景象。

结语:(看板书)

树与鸟,鸟与水结合在一起,构成了一幅多么生动活泼的画卷呀!这里不仅有树的奇美,有鸟的欢乐之美,更有人与自然、与动物的和谐之美,所以这里才是真正的天堂。让我们共同努力,去创造更多的人间天堂。

作业:1、搜集一些人与自然、与动物和谐相处的故事。

2、有兴趣的同学读读巴金先生的原文。

3、有感情地朗读文中描写大榕树和鸟的段落,有兴趣的同学练习说一篇解说词,介绍那里的美丽景象。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十八

����1���ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½×³ï¿½û³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õ¡ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï¿½á±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½â´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ó¡ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

����3�������øµï¿½ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����4���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµú°ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����������ð´ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

�������äµï¿½8��12��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é¡£

����������������׷éµï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½

�����ð¹ø°í½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµè¡ï¿½

������ê±

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º

�����ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµï¿½ï¿½ã½£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������죬����òªè¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹û¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ß¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£º7����ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

�����������ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ì¸ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´êµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½

����2�����ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ë½â£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(��ô°à¼¶ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½õµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

���������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½

�������é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½

����ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1����ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����[��ê±ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡£³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ó»¹»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��2]

����3����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ì¸ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ã»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����ðµï¿½ ��

������1������ê¾í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½

������2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼òµ¥µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬é¸ñ¡ï¿½ïºãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¡ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òª×¢ï¿½â±£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º

����1������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½è´ã»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½

����2��îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½æ­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����5��îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

����6��îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£©ï¿½ï¿½

����7����������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

��������

�����ä¡ï¿½è«ï¿½à¹²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê¡£

����1��ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3������õ¹ê¾ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ê±×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý»ò¼¸·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¸äºí²ï¿½ï¿½ä£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½øµï¿½ê¾ä·´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ �����ô±ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4������ê¾ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½1����ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½â¶¨ï¿½ç·ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ð¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¸äºí²ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó­í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4������ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¦í³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é¹²í¬ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����塢ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

�������ñ¼ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î£ï¿½

�������êºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½7�î¡ï¿½

����ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������í³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������谴ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½a��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ã±¨ê±ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½îªê²ã´ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½

����a�����ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1 ������� õ­

����ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¦ï¿½é£ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¨í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£©

����������è»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½

����2 �ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

������ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8��è»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½

����3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµäºï¿½ï¼è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����������øµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½

����b��������ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ã»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ðµï¿½ ���������úµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ðµï¿½

����îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¸õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ§ï°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½

����1 ����ࣺ����������

������ ð¡ �� �� ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾

�������ö£ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½12��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ï°ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����2��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���� ���� ������è»×¢ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����è»ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����������������

������b a

�������룺����ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ò»ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ç¸ðµï¿½ ��ë­ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ñ¯ï¿½ê°ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¿ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©

������è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ä¾ï¿½ê½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

����c���������â¿î¡ï¿½

��������谴ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨

�������� ��í¬ç°ï¿½ï¿½

������� ��í¬ç°ï¿½ï¿½

����2���������ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

������3�����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������飩

��������������ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð£¬¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶¯ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½í¬å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

������òµï¿½ï¿½1���ñ¼ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½à´¦ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½

����2������è¤ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����3���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï°ëµò»æªï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇十九

《语文课程标准》指出:“学生是学习和发展的主体。”为了充分发挥学生的主动性和创造性,本课的教学设计了“依托教材、借助问题、运用语言”的学习思路,利用问题、情境等要素,让学生在“读中想,读中说,读中悟,悟中读。”在不断领悟“鸟的天堂”丰富内涵的同时,积累语言、发展思维,受到情感的熏陶、人文的启迪。

(一)教学内容分析:《鸟的天堂》是六年制小学语文s版教材第八册第七单元的第一篇精读课文,是著名作家巴金先生写景抒情散文。文章记叙了作者和他的朋友两次经过鸟的天堂时所见到的不同景象,表现了大榕树的庞大、茂盛和美丽奇特,以及被称作“鸟的天堂”的名不虚传,本文具体描写了傍晚静态的大榕树和第二天清晨群鸟纷飞,百鸟齐鸣的景象。表达了作者对大自然中这种生命现象的热爱和赞美。本文语言优美,用词准确,读起来是一种美的享受。这篇课文表达上的特点主要表现在抓住景物特点,进行静态和动态的描写。所以本课的训练重点是在理解课文的基础上,引导学生领悟作者动静结合的表达方法。

(二)教学目标:

1.会写本课3个生字及新词,理解并会用有关词语造句。

2.认识大榕树的奇特和美丽,体会大榕树上众鸟纷飞的壮观景象。领悟“鸟的天堂”的含义。体会那人与自然友好相处的和谐之美,增强保护生态环境的意识。

3.学习课文描写景物静态和动态的方法。

4.有感情地朗读课文,背诵喜欢的段落。

(三)教学重点、难点:

1.领悟作者的表达方法,体会两次去鸟的天堂所看到的不同景象。有感情地朗读课文。

2.学习课文描写景物静态和动态的方法。

(四)教材课型:讲授课(第一、二课时)

(一)教学准备:教师在认真钻研教材的基础上,设计教学预案,制作课件(下载白鸟鸣叫的音乐,截取“鸟的天堂”的视频音画);学生预习课文,查阅搜集相关资料。

(二)教法与学法设计:依据教学目标、教学重难点、教材内容特点及学情,以学定教。所以本课的教学设计主要有一下几点:1.从课题入手激发兴趣直接引入,初读课文整体感知;2.抓住榕树的奇特引导阅读批注,从语言文字中感受茂盛和美丽,品味静态美;3.练笔迁移(或者做小导游写解说词),学法迁移引入学习白鸟齐鸣的段落,感受群鸟纷飞的景象;4.拓展探讨,认识保护自然和保护鸟类的重要性。

在学法上主要采用先示范引领学习第一部分榕树,掌握抓住重点词句理解、体会,有感情的朗读的方法,然后进行学法迁移学习鸟的部分,培养圈画和做批注的能力,以有感情的朗读再现文字描写的景象,以练笔促语言积累。

第一课时

(一)从“天堂”入手,激趣导入,走近课文,整体感知,

1.谈话:自古以来,人们对幸福都充满着无限的憧憬,都渴望拥有天堂般的生活。(板书:天堂)你印象中,什么样的地方是天堂?

2.(板书“鸟的”补充完整板书):在你心中你觉得怎样的地方才能称得上“鸟的天堂”?

(从课题入手,谈话激发兴趣,为感受大榕树的茂盛和美丽做好铺垫)

3.教师讲神话传说引入(传说略)。(带着你们的想象再读课题。)

(教师声情并茂的讲述神话故事,调动学生情绪,创设氛围,引入新课)

4.认读生字词,读准三个新字和三个多音字(一簇簇、不计其数、树梢、做巢、应接不暇、兴奋)(检查预习情况)

5.结合预习,快速默读课文,说说课文主要写了什么?(如有难度提示两次分别看到了什么?)

(课标要求中段要学会默读,在四年级要求要把握文章的主要内容,也是检验学生的整体感知能力;其次,要培养学生养成良好的预习习惯,通过这种检查方式进行促进预习的养成。)

引:这是怎样的一棵榕树啊?让我们伴着夕阳的余晖,走进这株大榕树。

(二)学习“榕树”,品味写法

1.(指名读1-9自然段)请同学们边听边想象,你仿佛看到一株怎样的榕树?(边交流边板书)

(部分学习中继续进行整体感知训练,同时也检验学生的概括能力和快速分析文字信息的能力)

2.当作者清楚的看到这株大榕树的时候发出了怎样的感叹?

小结:这是作者第一次来到鸟的天堂最直接最真切的感受。请同学们齐读这句话。(这美丽的南国的树!)你从这句话中读出什么来了?(体会句子:这美丽的南国的树!)

3.作者是怎样把榕树这些特点写出来的?默读课文5-8自然段,找出重点的词、句体会。可以动笔标注出来。(把自己的感受用简单的词语写在旁边)

(读中体会用词的准确,读中领悟作者的表达方法。不动笔墨不读书,培养学生批注的习惯和能力)

4.交流感悟、体会,指导朗读。(抓住重点词语和句子)

(1)大榕树的“大”,你从哪些地方看出来的?

(让学生在充分阅读的基础上,从文本具体的语句中感悟体验出大榕树独木成林的奇特。)

(2)指名朗读

引:让我们再次走近这株大榕树,引读:“我们的船渐渐地逼近榕树……作者还怎样写榕树的特点?

(3)大榕树的“茂盛”、“富有生命力”,你是从哪儿看出来的?再读你划出来的这些句子,感受大榕树的活力。

重点理解(“那翠绿的颜色,明亮地照耀着我们的眼睛,似乎每一片绿叶上都有一个新的生命在颤动。”)

1.去掉“似乎”行不行?

2.再读这句,你有什么疑问?(交流中指导朗读)。

(课标在中年段要求能联系上下文,理解词句的意思,体会课文中关键词句在表达情意方面的作用。在“榕树”部分学习的过程中充分抓住重点句子,通过不同方法训练学生的体会感悟能力)

(4)播放视频课件:美丽的大榕树(学生观看,教师配乐朗读5-8自然段)

(5)有感情的朗读第8自然段,指导交流背诵。(再次播放视频课件)

(充分利用现代远程教育资源截取播放鸟的天堂视频资料,发挥多媒体课件的直观作用,让学生通过视频观看,再现文字描写的生动,图文结合加深印象激发兴趣。)

(三)练笔迁移,引向学习“鸟”

谈话引入:(略)1.假如你就是那第一只飞来的仙鹤,你发现这么美丽的南国的大榕树树,你将怎样召唤你的亲人、朋友来此安居呢?请你写下最能打动他们的话。(提示:可以用文中的话也可以用自己的话)稍后交流。

(在阅读理解,感悟朗读的基础上,进行背诵后再用这种方式让学生进行语言的输入与输出的转化训练,达到语言文字训练的目的,实现在语文教学中工具性与人文性的统一。)

2.课件播放:,众鸟齐鸣的景象(配乐鸟鸣声)。

问:你听到了什么?仿佛看到了什么?(生交流)

3.小结,(略)

结束:文学巨匠巴金又是怎样通过文字来展现众鸟纷飞,百鸟齐鸣的生命之美的?请同学们运用今天的学习方法学习文章的第二部分,再次去感受这天下奇观

第二课时

(一)复习引入

1.指名背诵课文第7、8自然段。

2.说说学习大榕树方法和收获。

(复习回顾,再次强化,明确学法,为下一步学习做好准备)

(二)学法迁移,抓住重点语句,感悟体验

引:天堂里的鸟儿生活得怎样呢?

1.学生默读课文描写“鸟”的这一部分,边读边划边想,读完以后,想一想,说说你有哪些体会收获?

2.读12、13自然段,这里的鸟儿怎样?(读中品味用词准确生动,读中升华,读中领悟表达方法。)

(1)鸟“多”(数量多、种类多)你是从哪些语句中看出来的?鸟儿欢快自由,你又是从哪些语句中看出来的?

(2)轻声朗读课文,边读,边想象群鸟盘旋飞舞,婉转啼鸣,欢快自由的场景,把这幅图景深深地留在自己的脑海中。

(3)再读讨论:作者是怎样描写众鸟纷飞的情景的?标出有关语句,体会作者当时的心情。

(这部分学习主要采用放手的方式让学生运用第一课时的方法进行自学,在交流时检测学习效果,实现“授之以渔”的目的。)

(4)扮演角色,想象说话。

(那只画眉鸟站在小枝上兴奋地叫着,它可能在说些什么?)

(5)感情朗读,体会作者是怎样描写的。

(6)请你展开丰富的想象,说说你想对这些鸟儿说些什么?

(7)指导朗读。

(通过两次说话练习,既让学生在表达中展现语言文字训练的自然,又能够考察学生对文章学习的感悟,渗透情感教育,是一举三得的好策略。)

(三)齐读最后一自然段

为什么作者说“昨天是我的眼睛骗了我,那‘‘鸟的天堂‘‘的确是鸟的天堂啊!”?(这两个“鸟的天堂”有什么不同吗?)(加深理解,体会作者表达的思想感情)

(四)拓展延伸,鼓励探索。

1.能说说为什么会有这么美的地方吗?

2.生自由发言。

3.比较榕树的静默与鸟的活动,体会静态描写和动态描写的表达方法。

(语文教学的最终目的就是让学生学会表达,所以阅读教学既要让学生通过阅读知道文章写了什么,要表达什么,更重要的是要让学生知道怎样写,教材无非是个例子,教学过程中就要认真的凭借教材这个例子逐步渗透怎样写的方法。)

(五)作业菜单:(第一题必做,二、三、四选作)

1.摘抄:把本课中自己喜欢的好词佳句或精彩片段摘抄下来,背诵自己喜欢的段落。

2.“鸟的天堂”目前已成为一处游览胜地。请你根据课文内容,并想办法搜集一些有关的材料,为导游写一篇简短的解说词。

3.课文的倒数第三自然段描写了众鸟纷飞、百鸟齐鸣的热闹景象。请你回忆一下生活中遇到过的热闹场面,选择一个写下来。

4.如果你生活在鸟的天堂,为使鸟的天堂更美丽,你会怎样做?试将你的做法写下来。(补充资料:人们最近前往“小鸟天堂”观鸟,却颇感失望,绕小岛两圈,没有见到小鸟群飞的盛景。据当地人介绍,由于小鸟生存的生态大环境发生了改变:即小鸟周边被开发,原有的农田、水塘被破坏,环绕小岛的天马河的水质遭到污染,小鸟不断地飞到其他地方觅食,不再回来,护鸟措施也就显得有些力不从心。)

(作业设计体现开放性,照顾所有不同层次学生,让他们根据自己兴趣和能力进行选择,既鼓励学生又激发他们兴趣。)

(一)预测教学过程的成功之处及原因本课的教学过程中从课题入手能极大的激发学生学习的积极性,对于榕树的奇特美丽的特点学生和鸟儿活动的场面学生应该能够通过抓住重点词语能够感悟到,在此基础上通过多媒体课件的展示,图文结合,而通过有感情朗读再现情景,指导背诵复现情景的策略和过程,不仅会使鸟的天堂的美丽令学生喜爱,对于语言文字的积累也大有好处。其次,小练笔和解说词激发兴趣的同时会使学生语言由积累到运用的一个转化过程,达到语文教学语言文字训练的目的。

(二)预测教学过程中可能出现的不足一是时间的安排,第一课时可能容量较大,恐怕完成不了;二是指导学生学习课文描写景物静态和动态描写相结合的方法是难点,怎样的渗透比较恰当能使学生明白,是否能够达到效果是令人担心的问题。

(三)预设改进的设想根据学生预习的情况和阅读理解能力的而定,做好“大榕树”的学习方法指导的扎实有效,以及朗读背诵指导的落实,可以把引入“鸟”的学习部分直接放在第二课时,将静态与动态相结合的写法体会学习放在两部分都学完之后进行对比中体会,这样更有利于学生理解和接受。

(一)呈现板书:

树大而茂盛(独木成林)静态美

鸟的天堂(赞美、热爱)

(和谐) 鸟多而快乐(群鸟纷飞)动态美

(二)说明板书设计的意图和目的。本课板书这样设计,主要表现的内容有:1.课文的主要内容“大榕树”与“群鸟纷飞”的特点;2. 课文描写景物静态和动态的方法;3.人与鸟类和谐共处的主题。这样用精练的语言概括课文主要内容、富于启迪,让学生能够在其中品出一些“味儿”来。其次主题的提炼给学生留下思考和想象的余地,能充分调动学生思考的积极性。最后,这样的板书能为学生学习做阅读批注起到示范的作用。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二十

���������ä¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½í·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë³ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½

����(ò»)��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½s��ì²äµú°ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ôªï¿½äµï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³¿èºï¿½ï¿½×·é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡£±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ì¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(��)��ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º

����1.��ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3�����ö¼ï¿½ï¿½â´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

����2.��ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½×³ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ñºï¿½ï¿½à´¦ï¿½äºï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½

����3.ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾²ì¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4.�ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

����(��)��ñ§ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã£º

����1.�������ߵä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����2.ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾²ì¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(��)�ì²ä¿ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½(��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±)

����(ò»)��ñ§×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì²äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½(���ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½);ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½

����(��)�ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡¢ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¼°ñ§ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ã£º1.�ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª;2.ץס���������������ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·î¶ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½;3.����ç¨ï¿½ï¿½(������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½)��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½×·éµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;4.��õ¹ì½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô¡ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½øµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����(ò»)�ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½

����1.ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµï¿½ï¿½ã½£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£(���飺����)��ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����2.(���顰��ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)��������������������äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³æµï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½?

����(�ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½)

����3.��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»°´ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(��ëµï¿½ï¿½)��(�������çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£)

����(��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²¢ã¯ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»°¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½)

����4.�ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(ò»ï¿½ø´ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½)(���ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����5.���ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªð´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?(�����ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·ö±ð¿´µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?)

����(�î±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶òªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;��î£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ô¤ï°ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½é·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ù½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½)

������������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?�����ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(��)ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·î¶ð´ï¿½ï¿½

����1.(ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1-9��è»ï¿½ï¿½)��í¬ñ§ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ð¿´µï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(�߽����߰���)

����(����ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ù·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����2.����������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò·¢³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ì¾?

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½(���������ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½!)�����仰�ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(�����ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½!)

����3.������������������ð©ï¿½øµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5-8��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ä´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(���ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼òµ¥µä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½)

����(��������ã´êµï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����4.����������ᣬö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(ץס�øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����(1)�������ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ó¡±£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����(��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½)

����(2)ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½

���������������ù´ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½?

����(3)�������ä¡ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?�ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ã»®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(���ç´ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ã¿ò»æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����1.è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����2.�ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½)��

����(�î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����(4)������æµï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½5-8��è»ï¿½ï¿½)

����(5)�ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½(�ù´î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½î¼ï¿½)

����(��������ö´ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó¼¤·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½)

����(��)����ç¨ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£º(��)1.����������çµï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éº×£ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä»ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½)�ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(���ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½)

����2.�î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(����������)��

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?�â·ð¿´µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?(������)

����3.ð¡ï¿½á£¬(��)

������������ñ§ï¿½þ½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµäµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����(ò»)��ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½7��8��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����2.ëµëµñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½

����(��ï°ï¿½ø¹ë£ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½)

����(��)ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½æ£ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������������������������?

����1.ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡±µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½?

����2.��12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(����æ·î¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����(1)�ñ¡°¶à¡±(�����ࡢ�����)���ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����(2)�����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����(3)�ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½?����ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����(�ⲿ��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½öµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡±ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½)

����(4)���ý½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(��ö»ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·üµø½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµð©ê²ã´?)

����(5)�����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����(6)����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµð©ê²ã´?

����(7)ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµäºã²ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½)

����(��)������ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½

����îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½æ­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½!��?(��������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½?)(�������⣬������߱����ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����(��)��õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1.��ëµëµîªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����2.�����é·ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

����3.�è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¾²ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½í¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(���ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����(��)��òµï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½)

����1.õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã´ê¼ñ¾ï¿½ò¾«²ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

����2.��������ã¡ï¿½ä¿ç°ï¿½ñ³ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·¨ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ð¹øµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ìµä½ï¿½ëµï¿½ê¡ï¿½

����3.���äµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4.�����������������ã£ï¿½îªê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?�ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(�������ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½éµï¿½ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ó»·¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ä±ä£ºï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ðµï¿½å©ï¿½ï¡¢ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµ½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ñ²»¶ïµø·éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½)

����(��òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ñ£¬¼è¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½)

����

����(ò»)ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä³é¹ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ò±¾¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ½£ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ôºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºí½ï¿½ëµï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����(��)ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½öµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ó£¬¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾²ì¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½è½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

����(��)ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡°ï¿½ñ¡±µï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½úµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ë¶¯ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

����

����(ò»)���ö°ï¿½ï¿½é£º

���������ã¯ê¢(��ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½

�����������(�������è°ï¿½)

����(��ð³) ��������(èºï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½)��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½

����(��)ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½1.���äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡°èºï¿½ï¿½×·é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½;2. ������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾²ì¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;3.���������ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二十一

1、认识“浆、耀”等14个生字,会写“隙、暇”等8个生字,能正确读写“应接不暇、不可计数”等20个词语。

2、正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,并背诵描写最美的或自己喜欢的部分。

3、感受大自然和谐之美,激发热爱自然的情趣。

感受大自然和谐之美,激发热爱自然的情趣。

1、课前发动学生搜集有关鸟、树的词语。

2、制作大榕树,百鸟飞翔和画眉的课件。

3、词语卡片。

第一课时

一、揭题

1、出示“天堂”,提问:这个词常常用来比喻什么?(比喻羌好的生活环境,没有烦恼,只有快乐的地方,那地方如仙境一般)

2、那“鸟的天堂”指什么?

二、出自学生字、新词、试读课文

1、初读课文,不认识的生字根据注音拼读一下,读不通的地方多读几遍。

2、学生试读。

3、交流:你喜欢读哪一节?

教师相机出示学生感到陌生或困难的词语:

缝隙、颤动、应接不暇、静寂。

三、精读大椿树部分

1、学生自由读课文。

2、图文对照:欣赏图画(课件——大榕树),把能表示榕树特点的词写到黑板上,可以从课文找,也可以用自己的词来概括。

3、我们来看同学们所写的词,有不合适的吗?井把它划去。

4、大榕树的这些特点,都交叉地写在课文第七、八自然段,现在老师只要求你们通过自古的朗读,把这些特点表现出来,你先自己试试。

5、指名读。

我有机会看清它的真面目,真是一株大树,枝干的数目不可计数。枝3c5l生根,有许多根直垂到地上,伸进泥土里。

(1)你为什么这样读?

(2)“垂”写出榕树最与众不同的特点,独木成林,盘根错节。

(3)“枝上生根、不可计数”写出榕树很奇特、很壮观的景象。

(4)就让我们把奇特、壮观、美丽的榕树朗读出来。

那么多的绿叶,一簇堆在另一簇上面,不留一点缝隙,那翠绿的颜色,明亮地照耀着我们的眼睛,似乎每一片绿叶上都有一个新的生命在颤动。这美丽的南国的树。

(5)读了这句话,你最喜欢哪里?为什么?

(6)看着这一切,作者被榕树的勃勃生机震撼了,产生了联想,请你再读这一段话,想一想哪些是作者看到的?哪些是作者联想到的?

(7)这么美的大树,这么美的语言,让我们美美地读一读。

(8)通过刚才的朗读,我们感受到了大榕树的奇特和美丽,让我们再来有感情地朗读大榕树这一部分。

(9)把你最喜欢的部分背下来。

第二课时

四、复习旧课,导入新课

导入:通过上一课的学习,我们感受到了大榕树的奇特、美丽。其实在这棵树上栖息着成千上万只小鸟。第二天清早,我们又来到这里,有幸目睹了百鸟欢腾,群鸟纷飞的情景,你们想看吗?点击课件——百鸟纷飞图。

五、精读写鸟部分

1、请大家静静地看,仔细地看,你感受到了什么?看到了什么?

2、老师指图,你看这只鸟在干什么?感受到了什么?

3、那么巴金爷爷是怎样把百鸟欢腾写出来的呢?

出示课文,请你想一想怎样读才能表现这种场面?

(1)读好的,老师马上说:老师感觉到你刚才这里的短句子读得特别好,像跳舞似的,你能说说你为什么这样读吗?

(2)读不好的,老师说:老师觉得这句子写得很特别,你看都是两个字两个字的短句组成,你想想怎么读才能读出韵味来。

(3)师读后,师点评:

对呀,大大小小,各种颜色,还用了四个短句子就写出来了,读起来多有节奏感啊,就像刚才同学说的像跳舞似的。好,现在你能读好了吗?老师相信你一定能读好的。

(4)13小节呢?你能读出“应接不暇”吗?好,试试看。

4、刚才大家用自己的嗓音读出了小鸟的欢乐,小鸟的欢腾,那么,小鸟们为什么如此的快乐?如此的开心呢?

5、联系第九自然段,生自由谈。

6、师接着说:是啊,你的意思老师明白,繁茂的大榕树给了小鸟一个舒适美丽的家,你看,生活在大榕树怀抱里的小鸟,它们没有烦恼,没有忧愁,没有敌人,没有威胁,没有争吵,只有快乐,只有自在,只有欢乐,只有幸福。就好像生活在天堂一般。小鸟因树而可爱,树因小鸟而充满生机,你感受到了吗?(齐读第十三自然段)是啁,树离不开鸟,鸟离不开树,所以,画眉时常引歌高唱,站在树枝上唱起了婉转动听的歌呢!看图——点击画眉图,你想想画眉会唱些什么歌呢?

7、所以,作者情不自禁地发出了感叹:那“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂啊!

抄写句子,积累语言

把描写优美的语段抄写在作业本上,并背诵。

六、拓展练习,读写结合

“鸟的天堂”现已成为一处浏览胜地,根据课文内容和搜集到的资料,写一篇导游词。

七、板书设计

鸟的天堂

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二十二

����

����1����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½14�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20�����

����2����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����3�����ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½

����

�������ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1����ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����2���������������������í»ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ä¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3�����│æ¬ï¿½ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½öµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£©

����2���ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ö¸ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½â´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1���������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3����������ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú£ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£º

������ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½

��������������������

����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����2��í¼ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ä´ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3����������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

����4������������ð©ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹åµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

����5��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ð»ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦3c5l�������������ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������1����îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½

������3����ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ûµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������4���������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½×³ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ã¿ò»æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������5��������仰������ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������6��������ò»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������7����ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������8��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²åµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

������9��������ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½é¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½

�������룺í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½å³ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ð¡ï¿½ñ¡£µú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿´ï¿½ð£¿µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½

�����塢����ð´ï¿½ñ²¿·ï¿½

����1�����ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����2����ê¦ö¸í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����3����ã´ï¿½í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½æ£¿

������1�����ãµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2�������ãµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¶ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½í¬ñ§ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¡ï¿½

������4��13ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿ºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4���õ²å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����5����ïµï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½

����6��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ò£ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³î£¬ã»ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¡£ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»­ã¼ï¿½á³ªð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����7�����ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����������õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ³ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ð´ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ê¡ï¿½

�����ߡ��������

�����������

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二十三

《鸟的天堂》是巴金先生的一篇写景抒情散文。课文记叙了作者巴金和他的朋友两次经过“鸟的天堂”时所见到的不同景象,说明大榕树的美丽奇特以及被称作“鸟的天堂”名不虚传,表达了作者热爱大自然、赞美大自然的思想感情。

这是本课教学的第二课时,要通过有感情地朗读课文,认识大榕树的奇特和美丽,体会大榕树上众鸟纷飞的壮观景象,同时受到热爱大自然、热爱美的教育,并建立环保意识。要让学生在读中感悟大榕树根的神奇,枝叶的盛艳,群鸟的欢愉。

让学生在朗读中了解大榕树的外形特点,体会“鸟的天堂”的含义,明白大榕树为什么能成为鸟的天堂的原因,从中悟出作者要表达的感情,说出自己的见解和感受。

《鸟的天堂》这一课在本册教材中有其独特的作用,担负着指导学生进行“阅读要有自己的见解”的重点训练的实践任务。新的课程标准强调语文的实践性,“着重培养学生的语文实践能力”,“在积累和实践中把握运用语文的规律”。因此,教学方法应遵照本单元训练重点的内容来安排。我们组在设计本课教学方式时,以读、思、悟、说、做作为路线,大胆尝试一种新的教学模式,让学生在读中去勾划,去想象,去感悟,去畅谈,走出由老师设计好板书非让学生钻死胡同的旧的教学模式,在本课的教学中让学生充分实践“阅读要有自己的见解”,感受并畅谈景物静的深沉与动的欢畅。

王宇平老师上课说话风趣幽默,具有跳跃性,总体来说这一课上得比较有特色。

新课标倡导“打破了课堂内外、学科内外、学校内外的界限”。王老师遵照这一新理念,设计的教学活动颇具匠心。使学生在活动中入情入境,获得“美”的享受和陶冶。

1、采用“音乐激情”的方式,点燃了学生学习的热情。

设计以《百鸟朝凤》的音乐引入课文的手段,创设美的意境,

激发学生对鸟的天堂无限向往的感情。用再次再次播放《百鸟朝凤》来烘托群鸟欢跃的热烈气氛。最后以《回家》这首曲子结束课文,启发学生静静地深思:鸟儿们应该有一个怎样的家,我们人类应该怎样帮助它们建立一个安宁快乐的家。通过这些手段,我们希望学生感受到鸟儿们在大榕树上快乐生活的怡然美,激发起热爱大自然的思想感情。

2、采用“活动寓情”的方式,寓教于乐。

新课标提倡做到“沟通课堂内外……开展综合性学习活动……拓展学生的学习空间,增加学生学习语文实践的机会”的全新教学模式。王老师尝试这一模式,不仅将音乐引进语文课堂创设情景,还将绘画也引入语文教学课堂。如在研究榕树根部的教学时,眺望老师就创设了让学生在图上补画气根的活动。又如,为了引导学生体会群鸟欢愉的场面时,设计让学生将课前画的自己喜欢的小鸟,在《百鸟朝凤》的乐曲中,贴在大榕树上的活动。希望通过这些活动让学生感受到人与自然和谐共存的亲和美,同时产生亲近大自然的思想感情。

3、用“畅谈抒情”的方式,让学生充分发表自己的见解。

文中“农民不许人去捉它们”一句具有丰富的人文内涵。王老师抓住了在人们讲求保护大自然的意识日益深入人心的今天,本文的人文性就更有新义的特点,为了让环保观念深置于学生的思想,他不仅让学生明白这鸟的天堂是当地群众精心保护的成就,而且为了树立从小重视环保的理念,要求学生在课前收集由于人类的破坏,导致鸟儿没有家和由于人类注重环境保护,鸟儿又有了理想的栖息之地的资料,为课文扩大了人文性外延。让学生通过畅谈环保与人类生活密切相关的联系,交流对大榕树的神奇、盛艳和鸟的欢愉的感受,抒发自己的情感美,达到愉悦身心陶冶情操的精神境界。

新课标提倡“独立阅读、自主阅读、探究性阅读、创造性阅读”。我们组遵循这一新的精神,设计了一系列朗读训练。如在研究教学描写大榕树枝干部分时,我们设计了探究性朗读的训练,意在让学生通过朗读,感受到榕树枝干和气根的神奇美。再如研究榕树叶子部分的教学时,我们设计了自主性阅读训练,目的在于引导学生想象榕树叶子茂盛浓密、苍翠欲滴、随风摇曳,在阳光下不时闪叶子部分的教学时,我们设计了自主性阅读训练,目的在于引导学生想象榕树叶子茂盛浓密、苍翠欲滴、随风摇曳,在阳光下不时闪亮的静谧美。我们还设计了让学生在齐声朗读中感悟鸟群活动的热烈气氛,从而体会到百鸟群集的欢跃美。希望通过这些阅读形式,让学生感悟到作者热爱大自然,赞美大自然的思想感情,从而受到美的熏陶与感染。

然而王老师对这一课有其自己独到的见解和体会。因此,上课的形式与我们当初的设想有较大的差距。

1、在朗读的形式上显得单一,而且采用一句一顿的朗读方式,其结果是不仅破坏了原作的音韵,而且让学生难以通过朗读悟、明理。

2、“思”的过程太急,没有充分让学生思考,学生的想象没有发挥够,每个环节都显得有些仓促。因此,学生的主体性没有得到足够的体现。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二十四

1、认识8个生字茫、桨、律、榕、隙、耀、暇、抛,会写14个生字。正确读写“灿烂、竹竿、白茫茫、规律、缝隙、照耀、树梢、静寂”等词语,积累文中的佳句。

2、有感情地朗读课文,背诵课文中自己喜欢的部分。

3、默读课文,理解内容,感受文中描写的“鸟的天堂”那人与自然友好相处的和谐之美,增强保护生态环境的意识。

4、领悟作者抓景物特点进行静态、动态的表达方法,体会文章语言的准确、生动。

1、指导学生有感情朗读课文,积累、运用语言。

2、正确体会“鸟的天堂”的美。鼓励学生在阅读中领悟作者的表达方法,发表自己的独特见解,并能用各种方式表达个人阅读感受。

1、课前师生上网或查阅有关《鸟的天堂》的资料(如文字、图片、音像等),开资料展示会。

2、多媒体课件。

1、解决师留出的质疑:一共出现五次“鸟的天堂”,四次加引号的是作者引用别人的话,指天马河上的那棵大榕树,表示一种特定的称谓,是对大榕树的一种夸张的形容;而课文题目和最后一句话中不加引号的“鸟的天堂”是因为作者亲眼见到被人们誉为“鸟的天堂”的大榕树后,感到鸟儿们的生活十分自由、幸福,真像天堂中一样,所以在作者的心里,大榕树是确确实实的鸟的天堂。

2、你背的哪一部分,相互检查。

3、你最喜欢哪一部分,为什么?

1、演示课件(群鸟齐飞图,配乐朗诵课文),让学生重点品味12、13自然段;说说为什么写得这么可爱,主要抓住“鸟”的什么来写。(动态)

2、自由练读12、13自然段,再小组个人赛读,每组评出最棒的一个人;

3、小组推荐,选两位同学朗读12、13自然段;(课件配乐)

4、交流感受:你想到了什么?

1、自己读描写“树”的部分,画出自己喜欢的句子,说说为什么喜欢?(这些句子有什么特点?)

2、交流:(体会静态描写的好处):抓特点,用恰当的词语表达。

教师出示以下三组不同形式的练习,学生可根据自己的喜好和特长任选其中一项,可以小组合作完成。

1、摘抄:把本课中自己喜欢的好词佳句或精彩片段摘抄下来;

2、画鸟的天堂:根据文中描写的情景来画鸟的天堂,可插入简短的文字说明;

3、结合课文,参考课前搜集到的资料卡片,设计导游词,可以小组合作实地当一回导游演习一下。

有兴趣的同学读读巴金先生的原文。

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二十五

������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½

����öªê¶

����1���ï¶ï¿½1�ö¡ï¿½

����2����ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ë¼æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é¡£

������ñ§ï¿½øµã£ºï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªô­ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªô­ï¿½ï¿½

���������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����1���ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿

����2����������ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ö²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����1������2��è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ä¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½

��������ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

����2������è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½

����3�����é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½æ­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4�����é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢ï¿½ï¿½

����2�������ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3�������ð½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½7��8��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

����4���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1�����é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½æ­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½

����2�����ôµú¶ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½æ­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½

����3�����룺îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµäµï¿½11��12��è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä³ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£

����5���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����6�����é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½

�����������

����������� �� �� ��ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ã¯ê¢

������������

������ �� ���ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������

����ó¦ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¾

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二十六

教学目标

知识

1、认读1字。

2、能说出“我们”两次去“鸟大天堂”看到的景象。

能力:懂得大榕树为什么是鸟的天堂,并能把理由简要地写出来。

思品:感受大榕树的奇特美丽,是鸟的天堂;体会作者对大自然的热爱、赞美之情。

教学重点:了解鸟的天堂的特美丽,大榕树成为鸟大天堂的主要原因。

教学难点:大榕树成为鸟大天堂的主要原因。

“天堂”是什么意思?“鸟的天堂”是什么意思?读了课题你最想知道什么?这节课我们就随巴金爷爷一起去鸟的天堂、

1、自读课文,边读边思考:课文主要讲了什么?写了哪些景或物?

2、按游览的顺序给课文分部分?说一说,每部分都写了什么?

1、作者2次去鸟的天堂,不同时间看到的景物有什么不同?

(第一次:一棵大榕树。第二次:众鸟欢闹)

2、两次去鸟的天堂的感受有什么不同?尤其是第二次作者经过鸟的天堂发出了怎样的感叹?速读课文,从文中找出一句话来说一说。

3、质疑:读一读这句话,你有什么疑问?出示:昨天我的眼睛骗了我。“鸟的天堂“的确是鸟的天堂啊!

4、存疑:这些问题通过读书去解决。

1、读一读描写大榕树的段落,说一说你感受到了什么?(大、茂盛)

2、你从哪些地方感受到的?读、画、思、议

3、交流中教师适时点拨。(重点理解课文7、8自然段)

4、有感情的朗读,体会大榕树的静态美。

1、释疑:昨天我的眼睛骗了我:朋友说这就是鸟的天堂,我看到的是大榕树,没看到一只鸟。

2、所以第二次经过时作者说我的眼睛骗了我。

3、引入:为什么说“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂啊?

4、引导学生学习课文的第11、12自然段体会鸟儿欢乐的场面。

5、有感情的朗读。

6、释疑,你怎样来理解文章的最后一句话。

板书设计

鸟的天堂 树 大 独木成林

茂盛

生命颤动

鸟 欢 鸣叫飞扑

应接不暇

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二十七

����1����ê¶8������ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´14�����ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ñ¾ä¡£

����2���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����3��ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ñºï¿½ï¿½à´¦ï¿½äºï¿½ð³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½

����4����������ץ�����øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

����2����è·ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

����1����ç°ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½á¡£

����2����ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1�����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ëµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ç¿ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·è·êµêµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����2���㱳����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����3������ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����1����ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½æ·î¶12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ëµëµîªê²ã´ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡±µï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½

����2����������12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

����3��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ê¶ï¿½12��13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

����4���������ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����1���ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ëµëµîªê²ã´ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½øµã£¿ï¿½ï¿½

����2������������ᾲì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½äºã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����1��õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã´ê¼ñ¾ï¿½ò¾«²ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����������ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3����ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½î´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½øµï¿½ò»ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½

��������è¤ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

《鸟的天堂》教学设计理念篇二十八

������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ç°í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß°í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

�������ç±ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·éµï¿½×³ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ö¦ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ê¢ï¿½þ£ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ü³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ô­ï¿½ò£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

������������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¹ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªâ·ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½æºã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¾éµä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶¯ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������æ½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµã±è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½

����

�����â¿î±ê³«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½æµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä¾ß½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½

����1�����ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½é¡±ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

��������ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ³¯·ï¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ù´î²ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ³¯·ï¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¼ò¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����2�����ã¡ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ô¢ï¿½é¡±ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ô¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

�����â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½á³«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½õ¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á¡±ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»­ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ³¯·ï¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����3���ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡±ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

�������ð¡ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ó±£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¾í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¼òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ö®ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ê¢ï¿½þºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ùµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾³½ç¡£

����

�����â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½á³«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ­ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½öµä½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢å¨ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½öµä½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ê¢å¨ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½

����è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï´ï¿½ä²ï¿½à¡£

����1�����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµãµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ö´ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ðµãµï¿½ï¿½ã¹»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

全文阅读已结束,如果需要下载本文请点击

下载此文档
a.付费复制
付费获得该文章复制权限
特价:5.99元 10元
微信扫码支付
已付款请点这里
b.包月复制
付费后30天内不限量复制
特价:9.99元 10元
微信扫码支付
已付款请点这里 联系客服