无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都尝试过写作吧,借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文,希望能够帮助到大家,我们一起来看一看吧。
通分说课稿人教版篇一
下面我就来讲一讲我是怎样上《通分》这一堂课的。
本课是浙江版六年制小学数学第十册第三单元“分数的意义和性质”中的内容,p99~101。
通分是分数基本性质的一种应用,是学生已经掌握了分数的基本性质和求几个数的最小公倍数的基础上进行教学的。同时,通分又是分数四则运算的重要基础,是比较异分母分数大小和计算异分母分数加减法的重要步骤,因此,必须使学生切实掌握好。课本例1是教学通分的意义和方法,着重使学生懂得这个公分母应该是几?课本试一试是给三个数通分,其中还有带分数,关键是提醒学生注意在带分数通分时,只要把分数部分的分数通分,整数部分不变。但每个带分数通分后,不能丢掉整数部分。
根据本课的教学内容和学生的特点,我确定了以下教学目标:
1、使学生认识通分的意义,理解和掌握通分的方法,并能正确地通分。
2、培养学生的观察、分析和归纳等思维能力。
为了使学生能比较顺利地达到教学目标,我确定了如下的教学重点和难点。
教学重点:理解通分的意义,掌握通分的方法。
教学难点:理解通分的算理以及通分的关键:找准分母的最小公倍数作公分母。
为了更好地突出本节课的重点和难点,我采用了以下教法:
1、讨论法。通过学生的讨论让他们自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法。
2、借助投影的演示进行直观教学,帮助学生理解通分的算理,培养了学生的观察、分析能力。
3、运用不同形式的练习,使学生巩固了所学的知识,使教学得到反馈。
4、循循善诱,启发引导学生,鼓励学生积极发言,引导学生动口、动脑、动手,逐步掌握新知。
通过本节课的学习,使学生学会联系旧知识解决新问题,通过对操作演示的观察、分析,自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法,体现了学生的自主。
一、复习铺垫(出示小黑板)
1、求下面每组数的最小公倍数13和398和1116和20
2、(课本准备题)把和化成分母是12而大小不变的分数(填空题)。
(设计思路:通分是在求几个数的最小公倍数和分数的基本性质的基础上学习的,因此,在新授前我先安排了求两个数的最小公倍数和分数的基本性质的复习。复习第(1)题让学生回忆了两个数是互质关系、倍数关系和一般关系时怎样求它们的最小公倍数;复习第(2)题时先让学生填空,再说一下这样填的根据,为通分过程打好基础。这两题都分散了教学中的难点;
二、创设情景,导入新课。
上节课我们学习了约分,并且知道通过约分可以不改变分数的大小而使分数的分子和分母发生变化。那么还有没有其它的方法使分数的分子和分母发生变化而大小不变呢?今天我们就来学习这种新的方法。
三、探究新知。
1、出示例一。
把1/6和2/9化成和原来分数相等的同分母分数。
(1)化成和原来相等的同分母分数,首先要确定什么?(相同的分母)
(2)这个相同的分母如何确定?(讨论)这个相同的分母我们可以简单的称作什么?所以我们首先做的一步也可以叫什么?(找公分母)
(3)怎样把1/6和2/9化成分母是18,而大小不变的分数?
(4)看图验证,什么变了?什么没变?
(思路:在教学例1时,我先通过例题中的分数,引出异分母分数的概念,再引导启发学生把1/6和2/9化成分母相同的分数,公共的分母必须是6和9的公倍数,从而引出了公分母的概念,再引导学生思考:为了计算简便,取哪一个公倍数作公分母,然后出示了通分的关键。)
2、归纳通分的意义并揭题。
看书了解我们刚才做的书本上称做什么?
3、总结通分的方法。
通过刚才的计算我们发现通分一般先确定什么?如何确定?再怎样?
4、尝试练习。
(1)课本练一练第1题
(2)试一试把3/4、2、和7/8通分。
第(2)题又是一个教学的关键点。首先引导学生讨论有3个分数怎么办?再讨论其中的带分数又如何处理,然后学生练习,教师巡视,把出现的情况进行反馈总结。
(设计思路:在教学通分过程时,我重点是解决对照公分母思考把原来的分母和分子要同时乘以几,引导学生想:公分母是原来分母的几倍,原来分数的分母和分子要同时乘以几。)
四、巩固练习
1、找一找下面每组中两个分数的公分母。(强调通分的关键)
2/3和1/4、3/8和5/12、4/21和1/7、3/4和7/10
11/15和5/6、7/12和5/8、5/22和4/33、10/39和9/52
2、把下面每组中的两个分数通分。(练一练第2题,强调通分的几种特殊情况)
3、把下面每组中的三个分数通分。(练一练第3题
五、综合练习
1、小明、小红和小军三人赛跑,跑同样长的一段路,小明用3/5分钟,小红用7/10分钟,小军用5/8分钟,请帮助他们排出名次。
4、找出几个比1/3大,比2/3小的最简分数。
六、课堂总结
1、这堂课,你学会了什么?(让学生自己归纳,起到了画龙点睛的作用)。
2、什么叫通分?通分的依据是什么?怎样通分?
3、通分和约分有什么相同点和不同点?
我的说课完了,谢谢各位领导和和老师!
通分说课稿人教版篇二
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通分说课稿人教版篇三
各位领导、各位老师:
大家好!
下面我就来讲一讲我是怎样上《通分》这一堂课的。
本课是六年制小学数学第十册第四单元“分数的意义和性质”中的“通分”第一课时。
通分是分数基本性质的一种应用,是已经掌握了分数的基本性质和求几个数的最小公倍数的基础上进行教学的。同时,通分又是分数四则运算的重要基础,是比较异分母分数大小和计算异分母分数加减法的重要步骤,因此,必须使学生切实掌握好。
根据本课的教学内容,我确定了以下教学目标:
1、 使学生认识通分的意义,理解和掌握通分的方法,学会把两个分数通分,能通过通分比较异分母分数的大小。
2、 培养学生的观察、分析和归纳等思维能力。
为了使学生能比较顺利地达到教学目标,我确定了本课的教学重点和难点。
教学重点:理解通分的意义,掌握通分的方法。
教学难点:理解通分的算理以及通分的关键:找准分母的最小公倍数作公分母。
为了更好地突出本节课的重点和难点,我采用了以下教法:
1、 讨论法。通过学生的讨论让他们自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法。
2、 借助投影的演示进行直观教学,帮助学生理解通分的算理,培养了学生的观察、分析能力。
3、 运用口答、投影等形式的练习,使学生巩固了所学的知识,使教学得到反馈。
4、 循循善诱,启发引导学生,鼓励学生积极发言,引导学生动口、动脑、动手,逐步掌握新知。
通过本节课的学习,使学生学会联系旧知识解决新问题,通过对操作演示的观察、分析,自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法,体现了学生的自主。
1、通分是在求几个数的最小公倍数和分数的基本性质的基础上学习的,因此,在新授前我先安排了求两个数的最小公倍数和分数的基本性质的复习。复习第(1)题让学生回忆了两个数是互质关系、倍数关系和一般关系时怎样求它们的最小公倍数;复习第(2)题时先让学生填空,再说一下这样填的根据,为通分过程打好基础。这两题都分散了教学中的难点;第(3)题是为例2学习异分母分数的比较作准备,并通过 和 的比较,设置悬念,引出今天的内容。
2、(1)在教学例1时,我先通过题中具体的分数,引出异分母分数的概念,再引导启发学生把 和 化成分母相同的分数,公共的分母必须是6和9的公倍数,从而引出了公分母的概念,再引导学生思考:为了计算简便,取哪一个公倍数作公分母,然后出示了通分的关键。
(2)在教学通分过程时,我重点是解决对照公分母思考把原来的分母和分子要同时乘以几,引导学生想:公分母是原来分母的几倍,原来分数的分母和分子要同时乘以几。为了帮助学生真正理解通分的道理,我借助教材上图形的直观,采用抽拉投影片演示,取得了较好的效果。在此基础上,引导学生对照板书自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法。
在教学例1后,我就指导学生练习练习十九第2题和练一练1,有利于进一步巩固通分的道理和通分的方法 。
(3)在教学例2时,我着重引导学生想应该先通分再比较异分母分数的大小。有了例1的教学通分的过程,学生已有能力解决,所以我让学生直接口答,没有作过多的追问,而且例2的最后一步的关系符号由学生自己填写,有利于学生能力的培养。
3、教学例2后,就进入了巩固练习阶段。通分的关键是找到分母的最小公倍数作公分母,因此我首先安排了练习十九第1题:很快说出两个数的最小公倍数,然后练习了练习十九的第四题提高了学生的辨别能力,防止通分的两种错误类型。
4、最后我进行了课堂总结,让学生自己归纳:这堂课,你学会了什么?起到了画龙点睛的作用。
5、在一堂课结束之前,我还安排了一定的作业时间,既当堂检查了教学效果,又减轻了学生的课后负担,并在作业时,我进行了个别辅导,让后进生能得到进一步的理解和掌握。
最后我忠心希望各位领导、老师多提宝贵意见,谢谢大家!
通分说课稿人教版篇四
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通分说课稿人教版篇五
一、教材分析:
通分是分数基本性质的一种应用,是已经掌握了分数的基本性质和求几个数的最小公倍数的基础上进行教学的。同时,通分又是分数四则运算的重要基础,是比较异分母分数大小和计算异分母分数加减法的重要步骤,因此,必须使学生切实掌握好。
二、教学目标:
根据本课的教学内容,我确定了以下教学目标:
1、学生认识通分的意义,理解和掌握通分的方法,学会把两个分数通分,能通过通分比较异分母分数的大小。
2、培养学生的观察、分析和归纳等思维能力。
3、在发现中体验成功,在练习应用中感受知识应用的价值。
三、教材重点和难点:
为了使学生能比较顺利地达到教学目标,我确定了本课的教学重点和难点。
教学重点:理解通分的意义,掌握通分的方法。
教学难点:理解通分的算理以及通分的关键(找准分母的最小公倍数作公分母。)
四、教法分析:
为了更好地突出本节课的重点和难点,我采用了以下教法:
1、讨论法。通过学生的讨论让他们自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法。
2、借助多媒体的演示进行直观教学,帮助学生理解通分的算理,培养了学生的观察、分析能力。
3、运用口答、投影等形式的练习,使学生巩固了所学的知识,使教学得到反馈。
4、循循善诱,启发引导学生,鼓励学生积极发言,引导学生动口、动脑、动手,逐步掌握新知。
五、学法分析:
通过本节课的学习,使学生学会联系旧知识解决新问题,通过对操作演示的观察、分析,自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法,体现了学生的自主。
为了实现本课的教学目标,我对本课进行了如下的预设:
六、教学过程:
(一)再现导入
通分是在求几个数的最小公倍数和分数的基本性质的基础上学习的,因此,在新授前我先安排了求两个数的最小公倍数和分数的基本性质、比较分数的大小的复习。复习第(1)题让学生回忆了两个数是互质关系、倍数关系和一般关系时怎样求它们的最小公倍数;复习第(2)题让学生回顾分数的基本性质,为通分过程打好基础。这两题都分散了教学中的难点;第(3)题是为例3学习异分母分数的比较作准备,并通过四分之三和六分之五的比较,设置悬念,引出今天的内容。
(二)引导探索
1、在教学例4时,我先通过题中具体的分数,引出异分母分数的概念,再引导启发学生把四分之三和六分之五化成分母相同的分数,公共的分母必须是4和6的公倍数,从而引出了公分母的概念,再引导学生思考:为了计算简便,取哪一个公倍数作公分母,然后出示了通分的关键。
2、在教学通分过程时,我重点是解决对照公分母思考把原来的分母和分子要同时乘以几,引导学生想:公分母是原来分母的几倍,原来分数的分母和分子要同时乘以几。为了帮助学生真正理解通分的道理,我借助教材上图形的直观,采用多媒体演示,取得了较好的效果。在此基础上,引导学生对照板书自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法。
3、在教学例4后,我就指导学生练习“试一试”,有利于进一步巩固通分的道理和通分的方法。
(三)、巩固练习
巩固练习我把它分为四个层次。
第一层次:首先我安排的是练习十二第2题,因为通分的关键是找准分数的公分母,也是本课教学的难点,此题的安排有利与巩固学生对公分母的确定,提高学生的解题速度,掌握解题的技能,夯实学生的基础。
第二层次:我安排了练习十二第1题,教学时,我着重引导学生进行通分。有了前面的基础,学生已有能力解决,所以我让学生直接口答,没有作过多的追问,由学生自己填写,有利于学生能力的培养。
第三层次:我安排了练习十二的第3题,目的是为了提高学生的辨别能力,防止通分的两种错误类型。
第四层次:我安排了竞赛题。把下面分数通分。三组题,男女生竞赛,每个小组可以先在小组内讨论出正确答案,推举一个成员到前面抢答,目的的激发学生学习的兴趣,培养学生的竞争意识与合作能力,培养学生的集体荣誉感。
(四)反馈总结
最后我进行了课堂总结,让学生自己归纳:这堂课,你学会了什么?起到了画龙点睛的作用。同时对所学知识的梳理,帮助学生建构完整的知识网络。
这是我对这部分内容初浅的理解也预设,不足指出请批评指正。谢谢各位的耐心倾听!
通分说课稿人教版篇六
各位领导、各位老师:大家下午好!
首先感谢三所学校给我这样一个展示自我的平台,同时也给我提供了一个良好的学习机会,下面我就来讲一讲我是怎样上《通分》这一堂课的。
本课时教学内容是九年义务教育课程标准实验教材五年级下册第四单元的《通分》。通分是分数基本性质的一种应用,是已经掌握了分数的基本性质和求几个数的最小公倍数的基础上进行教学的。同时,通分又是分数四则运算的重要基础,是比较异分母分数大小和计算异分母分数加减法的重要步骤,因此,必须使学生切实掌握好。
根据本课的教学内容,我确定了以下教学目
1、学生认识通分的意义,理解和掌握通分的方法,学会把两个分数通分,能通过通分比较异分母分数的大小。
2、培养学生的观察、分析和归纳等思维能力。
3、在发现中体验成功,在练习应用中感受知识应用的价值。
为了使学生能比较顺利地达到教学目标,我确定了本课的教学重点和难点。
教学重点:理解通分的意义,掌握通分的方法。
教学难点:理解通分的算理以及通分的关键(找准分母的最小公倍数作公分母。)
为了更好地突出本节课的重点和难点,我采用了以下教法:
1、讨论法。通过学生的讨论让他们自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法。
2、借助直观的演示进行教学,帮助学生理解通分的算理,培养了学生的观察、分析能力。
3、运用口答、多媒体课件等形式的练习,使学生巩固了所学的知识,使教学得到反馈。
4、循循善诱,启发引导学生,鼓励学生积极发言,引导学生动口、动脑、动手,逐步掌握新知。
通过本节课的学习,使学生学会联系旧知识解决新问题,通过对操作演示的观察、分析,自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法,体现了学生的自主。
(一)再现导入
通分是在求几个数的最小公倍数和分数的基本性质的基础上学习的,因此,在新授前我利用多媒体课件,先安排了求两个数的最小公倍数和分数的基本性质、比较分数的大小的复习。复习第(1)题让学生回忆了两个数是互质关系、倍数关系和一般关系时怎样求它们的最小公倍数;复习第(2)题让学生回顾同分子同分母分数的分数的大小比较方法,让学生自主尝试完成填空题。然后让学生自己归纳两行分数的共同点,并自己总结出怎样比较同分母分数的大小,怎样比较同分子分数的大小。
为通分过程打好基础。这两题都分散了教学中的难点。
(二)引导探索
1、在教学例4时,我先通过让学生思考:如果两个分数既不同分母也不同分子那又该如何比较它们的大小呢?学生思考并分组讨论,每一组推荐一名代表来说出思路,这时会有多种不同的思路:将分数化成小数;借助线段比较;化成同分子分数比较;化成同分母分数比较。我首先肯定这几种思路都是可以的。然后借助题中具体的分数,引出异分母分数的概念,再引导启发学生把和化成分母相同的分数,公共的分母必须是5和4的公倍数,从而引出了公分母的概念,再引导学生思考:为了计算简便,取哪一个公倍数作公分母,然后出示了通分的关键。
3、在教学通分过程时,我重点是解决对照公分母思考把原来的分母和分子要同时乘以几,引导学生想:公分母是原来分母的几倍,原来分数的分母和分子要同时乘以几。为了帮助学生真正理解通分的道理,我借用多媒体演示,取得了较好的效果。在此基础上,引导学生对照板书自己总结归纳出通分的意义和方法。
4、在教学例4后,指导学生练习“做一做”,有利于进一步巩固通分的意义和通分的方法。
通分说课稿人教版篇七
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通分说课稿人教版篇八
本节课是人教版小学五年级下册第四单元“分数的意义和性质”中的通分第一课时。在此之前,学生已经学习了分数的意义、性质、公因数、公倍数,本节课是学习分数的加减、分数大小比较的基础,起着承上启下的作用。
小学五年级的学生还是以具体形象思维为主,抽象思维处于快速发展阶段,但还比较低级。他们的观察能力,概括能力和想象能力都有了一定的发展。同时,这一阶段的学生好动,注意力容易分散,爱发表自己的见解,希望得到老师和同学们的认可。在教学过程中,我抓住这些特点,一方面注意运用直观教学法,利用生动的生活经验进行引入,从而激发学生的学习兴趣,抓住他们的注意力;另一方面,创造让学生发表自己见解的机会,充分发挥他们的主动性。
根据对教材的分析和对学情的把握,我设立了以下三维目标:
【知识与技能】
掌握通分的概念,能够利用通过比较异分母的大小。
【过程与方法】
经历异分母大小比较的过程,提高类比迁移能力。
【情感态度与价值观】
经历异分母分数大小比较的过程,发现数学与生活的密切联系,提高学习数学、应用数学的热情。
在教学目标的实现过程中,我抓住主要矛盾和关键因素,设立了以下教学重难点:
【重点】
掌握异分母分数通分。
【难点】
掌握异分母分数通分。
现代教学理论认为,学生是学习的主体,教师是学习活动的组织者、引导者、合作者。一切教学活动都须须强调学生的主动性、积极性为出发点。根据这一理念,结合本节课的内容特征和学生的年龄特点,针对本节课我采用讲授法、启发法、小组讨论法等教学方法。以提出问题、分析问题、解决问题为主线,问题的设置始终在学生知识的“最近发展区”,倡导学生主动参与到教学实践活动中来。
新课标指出,教学过称是师生互动,共同发展的过程。为使得教学过程有序、有效地进行,针对本节课,我设置了以下教学环节:
(一)导入新课
情境导入,提出三个问题,启发学生思考。
问题一:有一桶水,分装了7个瓶子。熊大喝了其中的两瓶,熊二喝了其中的三瓶。谁喝的多呢?你能用分数表示出来这一多少关系吗?
问题二:熊大和熊二各有同样多的一桶矿泉水。熊大把自己的水正好装满了7个大瓶子,喝了其中的三瓶。熊二把自己的水正好装满了13个小瓶子,也喝了其中的三瓶。问,谁喝的水多呢?你能用分数表示出来这一不等关系吗?
问题三:熊大和熊二各有同样多的一桶矿泉水。熊大把自己的水正好装满了7个大瓶子,喝了其中的2瓶。熊二把自己的水正好装满了13个小瓶子,也喝了其中的4瓶。你能判断谁喝的多吗?
前两个问题,可以分别化为同分母比较大小和同分子比较大小,学生可以利用直观常识直接得出结论。第三个问题,分子分母各不相同,导致判断困难。让学生思考不能比较大小的原因,进而引出新课。新课的导入,贴近生活实际。问题导入层层递进。利用启发的教学方法,激发学生的学习兴趣,从而为本节课的顺利进行打下了良好的基础。
(二)探索新知
在探究环节,根据导入环节的三个问题,我设置以下三个探究活动
探究一,同分母比较大小的探究。
师:问题一能比较大小的原因是什么?
生:装水的瓶子大小相同,亦即单位相同。
师:所对应的分数能比较大小的原因呢?
生:分数单位相同。
师:由此可以得出同分母分数比较大小的规则是什么?
生:同分母比较大小看分子,分子大的数大,分子小的数小。
教师板书
探究二,同分子比较大小的探究。
师:问题二能比较大小的原因是什么?
生:瓶子的数量相同,大小不同。
师:所对应的分数能比较大小的原因是什么?
生:分子相同,分数单位不同。
师:可不可以由此得出同分子分数比较大小的规则呢?
生:同分子比较大小看分母,分母大的数反而小,分母小的数反而大。
教师板书
探究三,异分母分数比较大小
师:我们学习了同分母的大小的比较。那么异分母的分数的大小该怎么比较呢?下面请各小组的小组长带领大家进行小组探究。在探究的过程中注意利用我们已经掌握的分数比较大小的知识。
在学生探究的过程中,教师进行巡视和点拨。此探究过程的关键有两个:第一,想到把异分母分数转化为同分母分数进行比较;第二,异分母分数等价转化为同分母的理论基础,亦即分数的性质。在学生进行探究的过程中,教师根据学生探究的实际,可以给出进一步的提示。比如,异分母比较大小有困难,那么我们会比较什么样的分数呢?他们之间有何关联呢?不动声色的进行启发引导。
探究结束,学生分享探究结果。老师在关键点上予以澄清和强调,并板书。并在此时给出通分的概念,强调通分的目的是把异分母的分数转化为相同分数单位。
把形象直观的生活问题,转化为较为抽象的数学问题。启发学生用数学语言对生活中的实际问题进行描述,并在此基础上进行新知探究。体现了从直观到抽象,从易到难的层次教学理念。整个探究过程以凸显了教师的组织者、引导者和学生的学习主体的角色分工。
(三)巩固提高
活动1
以小组竞赛的方式进行巩固练习,比赛规则,第一个多部正确的小组在当月的英雄积分榜上积3分,第二个多部正确的小组在当月的英雄积分榜上积2分;第三个多部正确的小组在当月的英雄积分榜上积1分。其余小组不积分。竞赛题目如下。
比较一下分数的大小。
(1) 3/7与4/7
(2) 8/19与8/21
(3) 4/5与3/4
(4) 3/8与5/6
(5) 4/6与7/9
活动2
同桌之间互相出题。一个扮演老师出题,一个扮演学生答题。在规定的时间内答题成功,老师给学生揉揉肩、捶捶背。反之学生给揉揉肩、捶捶背。
活动3
智力闯关,ppt上出示如下题目,要求学生用不等号依次填空,第一次出错的地方即为学生所闯关数。在规定的时间内,看谁闯关最多,谁能通关。
3/4 ○ 4/4 ○ 4/5 ○ 5/6 ○ 7/9 ○ 10/12 ○ 21/24
在巩固提高环节,我注重多种形式的练习的思路,从易到难,把新知的巩固分散在三个活动中。多种比较新颖的练习形式,除了让同学们动脑之外,还让同学们多身心的进行互动。体现了小学阶段要让学生在学中玩,玩中学的教学理念。
(四)小结作业
小结环节,我采用如下一问一答的形式,引导学生对本节课的核心内容进行回顾总结。并设置课后练习题第1题和第2题为课后作业,并让同学们在作业中把今天所学的内容通过作业与父母一起分享。
通分
比较同分母分数的大小,分子大的分数较大。
比较同分子分数的大小,分母小的分数较大。
异分母分数大小比较,先把它们化成同分母分数,再进行比较。
2/7=26/91 4/13=28/91 因为28/91>26/91 所以4/13>2/7
把异分母分数化成和原来分数相等的同分母分数,叫做通分。
通分说课稿人教版篇九
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