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洛阳白马寺游记篇一
白马寺初创于东汉永平十一年(公元68年)，是佛教传入中国后，由官府正式创建的第一座寺院，是源于南亚次大陆的佛教在辽阔的中华大地赖以繁荣发展的第一座菩提道场，故历来被佛教界称为“释源”和“祖庭”。“释源”即佛教之发源地，“祖庭”即祖师之庭院。它对佛教在中国的传播和发展，对促进中外思想文化交流和发展各国人民的友谊，是起了重要作用的。1961年，国务院公布白马寺为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。1983年，国务院又公布白马寺为全国汉传佛教重点寺院。前不久，即20__年6月2日，白马寺又被国家旅游局定为国家4a级旅游景点。
白马寺自东汉创建起，到董卓火烧洛阳时第一次被毁，其后兴衰毁建，到武则天时，由主持薛怀义大兴土木，达到了鼎盛。随后又毁建不断，最近一次大规模重修是1972年为迎接柬埔寨西哈努克亲王，经周总理批示而进行的。
现存白马寺坐北朝南，为一长方形的院落，总面积约6万平方米左右。门前有宽阔的广场。寺内的主要建筑，都分布在由南向北的中轴线上。前后有五座大殿，依次为天王殿、大佛殿、大雄殿、毗卢阁，东西两侧分别有钟、鼓楼，斋堂、客堂，禅堂、祖堂，藏经阁、法宝阁等附属建筑，左右对称，布局规整。山门前的这两匹石马，通高1.8米，身长2.2米，形象温驯，雕工圆润。大家可能会问，这两匹马是否和白马寺的创建历史有关呢?
关于白马寺的创建，最流行的一种说法即“白马驮经”说。据在关佛籍记载，东汉永平七年的一天晚上，汉明帝刘庄(刘秀之子)夜宿南宫，梦见一个身高丈六，头顶放光的金人自西方而来，在殿庭飞绕。第二天早上，汉明帝召集大臣，把这个梦告诉给大臣们，博士傅毅启奏道：臣听说，西方有神，人们称其为佛，就像您梦到的那样。汉明帝听罢，信以为真，于是就派大臣蔡音、秦景等十余人出使西域拜求佛经、佛法。蔡音等人于公元65年，告别帝都，踏上了“西天取经”的万里征途。在大月氏国(今阿富汗境至中亚一带)，遇到印度高僧摄摩腾、竺法兰，见到了佛经和释迦牟尼佛白毡像，诚恳邀请二位高僧东赴中国弘法布教。永平十年(公元67年)，二位印度高僧应邀和东汉使者一道，用白马驮载佛经、佛像同返国都洛阳。汉明帝见到佛经、佛像，十分高兴，对二位高僧极为礼重，亲自予以接待，并安排他们在当时负责外交事务的官署鸿胪寺暂住。公元68年，汉明帝敕令在洛阳西雍门外三里御道北兴建僧院。为纪念白马驮经之，因此取名“白马寺”。“寺”字即源于鸿胪寺之“寺”字。再后来“寺”字便成了中国寺院的一种泛称。
说到白马寺，不少游人都会把它和“唐僧取经”的故事联系在一起。其实从时间上看，白马寺要比“唐僧取经”早560多年。
我们眼前的这两匹石马，原是宋代太师太保、右卫将军、驸马都尉魏咸信墓前之物，是两件优秀的宋代石雕作品。1935年前后，主持僧德浩法师重修白马寺时，将它们迁置于山门前。大家看到的这座山门，为牌坊式歇山顶，建于明代。1987年翻修了顶部，木质匾额上的“白马寺”三字，是中国佛教协会原会长赵朴初先生题写的。三个门洞，象征着佛教所说的“三解脱门”佛教称之为涅磐之门。三个门洞都是用砖和青石券砌而成的，部分券石上刻有工匠的姓氏名字，从字体上看此种券石应是东汉遗物，是白马寺内现存最早的文物。
白马寺山门内西侧，有一巨大的半截残碑，残高约1.7米，宽1.4米，相传此碑为宋代翰林学士、著名文人苏易简撰，因其碑文不是由上到下一长行通写到底，而是用短行分成几排写出来，别具格式，故称“断文碑”，为白马寺六景之一。
山门东侧，为元代所遗存的《洛京白马寺祖庭记》碑，通高3.5米，宽1.15米，碑额“洛京白马寺祖庭记”八字为篆书。此碑立于元代至顺四年(公元1333年)，由元代华严名僧仲华文才撰文，内有“上梦金人，自西飞至，身光炜，以迟旦告所梦于臣下”，“遣遵偕郎中蔡音、秦景等十八人，西访至天竺，遇沙门迦摄摩腾、竺法兰”等句子，碑文称白马寺为“祖庭”和“释源”，并说“释源居中天，权舆佛法之地”，实为“腾、兰二神僧开教之绪”。仲华文才后来到了佛教“四大名山”之一的五台山，成为五台山名刹佑国寺的开山第一代主持。这篇碑文，应是他卓锡白马寺时所撰。碑文楷书，字体潇洒工整，丰神秀骨，实为不可多得的书法艺术珍品。因此碑不曾留下书丹者姓名，碑文究竟出自谁手，遂成一桩悬案。但字体为“赵体”。
前面这座东西对称的建筑，东侧为新建的钟楼，钟楼前有民国时期所建的五间“门头堂”;西侧为新建的鼓楼，鼓楼前有民国时所建的“云水堂”。“门头堂”、“云水堂”现已辟为佛教法物流通处和旅游接中心。
在钟楼以东、鼓楼以西，靠近东西两侧围墙，分别为摄摩腾、竺法兰二位印度高僧之墓。二位高僧曾长期禅居白马寺内译经传教，在这里他们共同译出了中国最早的汉文佛经《四十二章经》。他们先后圆寂于白马寺，就葬于寺内，现墓前有明代崇祯七年(1634年)所立墓碑，“腾兰墓”也为白马寺六景之一。
现在我们看到的这座大殿称为天王殿，是白马寺内第一重大殿。此殿因殿内供四大天王而得名。迎面而坐的是大肚弥勒佛，他笑容满面，和蔼可亲，右手持念珠，左手握布带，形象生动有趣，为明代造像作品。在中国汉族的佛寺中，第一座大殿通常都供奉弥勒佛。人们进入佛寺中，首先看到这一乐呵呵的形象，会对佛门产生一种亲切之感。
佛像上面的这一座大佛龛，共雕有五十多条姿态各异的龙，雕工细腻，是清代上乘的木雕艺术品。
大殿内两侧，分塑四大天王，又叫“四大金刚”，分别是东方持国天王，手持琵芭;南方增长天王，右手持伞，左手握妖;西方广目天王，一手握龙，一手持宝珠;北方多闻天王，手托宝塔。按照中国个习惯，一他们手中所持法器不同，他们分别代表着“风”“调”“雨”“顺”，四大天王身材魁梧，威风凛凛，是一组清代泥塑作品。
这尊面北站像为韦驼天将，被称做“护法神”，着武将装，立于弥勒像后，正对释迦牟尼佛，执行着维护讲经道场，不许邪魔侵扰的任务，也是清代泥塑作品。
在天王殿的东西两侧，种植着许多石榴树。人们说“五月石榴红似火”，但在白马寺却恰恰相反，因为这里的石榴颜色是白色的。每至农历四五月份，树上开满了石榴花，晶莹洁白，如玉似雪，十分好看，真是“五月榴花白如雪”。
大佛殿是白马寺的第二重大殿，大佛殿前东侧，立有明代嘉靖三十五年(1556年)黄锦撰文的《重修古刹白马禅寺记》碑。高3.8米，宽1.03米，这方石碑对研究白马寺的历史沿革有重要的参考价值。
大佛殿是寺内主要殿堂，重大的佛事活动，均在这里举行。今存之大佛殿，是明代重建的，虽经后世重修，单仍不失明代建筑风格。
殿内正中佛坛之上供奉着七尊造像，正中释迦牟尼佛，结跏趺坐于须弥座上，像高2.4米。
这里的塑像，据说是他最后一次讲经说法时的形象，此次讲经，他并不讲话，叫做“不语说法”，只用右手持一朵鲜花，让众人猜测，即所谓“涅磐会上”“捻花示众”。大佛胸口字符号，表示大佛“福德无量”，“万德圆融”，所以身有瑞相，表示“吉祥之所集”，武则天定此符号读音为“万”。
释迦牟尼的左侧，为大弟子摩诃珈叶，在这次“不语说法”中，惟有他懂得了佛的真正用意，从而破颜微笑，后来被推为释迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中国禅宗推崇他为印度传承的第一代祖师。
右侧站像为大弟子阿难，他博闻强记，被称为“多闻第一”，中国禅宗又推他为在印度传承佛法的第二代祖师。
珈叶左侧为文殊菩萨，右持经书，《般若经》，以知识渊博，聪明智慧著称;阿难右侧为普贤菩萨，手持如意钩，德行圆满，功过无边，以“行愿”著称。
释迦牟尼佛与文殊，普贤菩萨，合称为“释迦三圣”，这是三尊明代泥塑造像作品。东西侍立的是两尊供养天人，手持鲜花，体态娇娜，也称“散花天女”。在大佛讲经时，供养天人在高高的天上，纷纷散花，“天花乱坠”一词由此而来。
洛阳白马寺游记篇二
白马寺位于河南省洛阳老城以东12公里处，创建于东汉永平十一年(公元68年)，为中国第一古刹，世界著名伽蓝，是佛教传入中国后兴建的第一座寺院，有中国佛教的“祖庭”和“释源”之称，距今已有1900多年的历史。现存的遗址古迹为元、明、清时所留。寺内保存了大量元代夹纻干漆造像如三世佛、二天将、十八罗汉等，弥足珍贵。
1961年，白马寺被中华人民共和国国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。1983年，被国务院确定为全国汉传佛教重点寺院。20xx年1月，白马寺被国家旅游局命名为首批aaaa级景区。
东汉永平七年(公元64年)，汉明帝刘庄(刘秀之子)夜宿南宫，梦一个身高六丈，头顶放光的金人自西方而来，在殿庭飞绕。次日晨，汉明帝将此梦告诉给大臣们，博士傅毅启奏说“西方有神，称为佛，就像您梦到的那样”。汉明帝听罢大喜，派大臣蔡音、秦景等十余人出使西域，拜求佛经、佛法。
永平八年(公元65年)，蔡、秦等人告别帝都，踏上“西天取经”的万里征途。在大月氏国(今阿富汗境至中亚一带)，遇到印度高僧摄摩腾、竺法兰，见到了佛经和释迦牟尼佛白毡像，恳请二位高僧东赴中国弘法布教。
永平十年(公元67年)，二位印度高僧应邀和东汉使者一道，用白马驮载佛经、佛像同返国都洛阳。汉明帝见到佛经、佛像，十分高兴，对二位高僧极为礼重，亲自予以接待，并安排他们在当时负责外交事务的官署“鸿胪寺”暂住。
永平十一年(公元68年)，汉明帝敕令在洛阳西雍门外三里御道北兴建僧院。为纪念白马驮经，取名“白马寺”。“寺”字即源于“鸿胪寺”之“寺”字，后来“寺”字便成了中国寺院的一种泛称。摄摩腾和竺法兰在此译出《四十二章经》，为现存中国第一部汉译佛典。
在摄摩腾和竺法兰之后，又有多位西方高僧来到白马寺译经，在公元68年以后的一百五十多年时间里，有一百九十二部，合计三百九十五卷佛经在这里译出，白马寺成为当之无愧的中国第一译经道场。
曹魏嘉平二年(公元250年)，印度高僧昙柯迦罗来到白马寺。此时佛教也从深宫走进了市井民间。随后，昙柯迦罗在白马寺译出了第一部汉文佛教戒律《僧祗戒心》。同一时期，安息国僧人昙谛，也在白马寺译出了规范僧团组织生活的《昙无德羯磨》。至此，戒律和僧团组织章程都已齐备，一条中土有缘人出家持戒修行的道路铺就，为中土戒律之始。
曹魏甘露五年(公元260年)，一场受戒仪式在白马寺举行，这是一个注定要深深印刻在中国佛教史上的事件。这一天，朱士行依《羯磨法》登上戒坛，长跪于佛祖面前，成了中国汉地第一位正式受过比丘戒的出家人。自此，儒家“身体发肤，受之父母，不敢毁伤”的古老传统被打破了。
佛教在中国扎根、传播最初的二百年，整个过程都与白马寺息息相关。这里是中国第一次西天求法的产物，是最早来中国传教弘法的僧人的居所;这里诞生了第一部中文佛经和中文戒律，产生了第一个中国汉地僧人……总之，白马寺是与中国佛教的许许多多个“第一”紧紧联在一起的，这让它成为名副其实的中国佛教的祖庭和释源。
洛阳白马寺游记篇三
大殿内两侧，分塑四大天王，又叫“四大金刚”，分别是东方持国天王，手持琵芭;南方增长天王，右手持伞，左手握妖;西方广目天王，一手握龙，一手持宝珠;北方多闻天王，手托宝塔。按照中国个习惯，一他们手中所持法器不同，他们分别代表着“风”“调”“雨”“顺”，四大天王身材魁梧，威风凛凛，是一组清代泥塑作品。
这尊面北站像为韦驼天将，被称做“护法神”，着武将装，立于弥勒像后，正对释迦牟尼佛，执行着维护讲经道场，不许邪魔侵扰的任务，也是清代泥塑作品。
在天王殿的东西两侧，种植着许多石榴树。人们说“五月石榴红似火”，但在白马寺却恰恰相反，因为这里的石榴颜色是白色的。每至农历四五月份，树上开满了石榴花，晶莹洁白，如玉似雪，十分好看，真是“五月榴花白如雪”。
大佛殿是白马寺的第二重大殿，大佛殿前东侧，立有明代嘉靖三十五年(1556年)黄锦撰文的《重修古刹白马禅寺记》碑。高3.8米，宽1.03米，这方石碑对研究白马寺的历史沿革有重要的参考价值。
大佛殿是寺内主要殿堂，重大的佛事活动，均在这里举行。今存之大佛殿，是明代重建的，虽经后世重修，单仍不失明代建筑风格。
殿内正中佛坛之上供奉着七尊造像，正中释迦牟尼佛，结跏趺坐于须弥座上，像高2.4米。
这里的塑像，据说是他后一次讲经说法时的形象，此次讲经，他并不讲话，叫做“不语说法”，只用右手持一朵鲜花，让众人猜测，即所谓“涅磐会上”“捻花示众”。大佛胸口字符号，表示大佛“福德无量”，“万德圆融”，所以身有瑞相，表示“吉祥之所集”，武则天定此符号读音为“万”。
释迦牟尼的左侧，为大弟子摩诃珈叶，在这次“不语说法”中，惟有他懂得了佛的真正用意，从而破颜微笑，后来被推为释迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中国禅宗推崇他为印度传承的代祖师。
右侧站像为大弟子阿难，他博闻强记，被称为“多闻”，中国禅宗又推他为在印度传承佛法的第二代祖师。
珈叶左侧为文殊菩萨，右持经书，《般若经》，以知识渊博，聪明智慧著称;阿难右侧为普贤菩萨，手持如意钩，德行圆满，功过无边，以“行愿”著称。
释迦牟尼佛与文殊，普贤菩萨，合称为“释迦三圣”，这是三尊明代泥塑造像作品。东西侍立的是两尊供养天人，手持鲜花，体态娇娜，也称“散花天女”。在大佛讲经时，供养天人在高高的天上，纷纷散花，“天花乱坠”一词由此而来。
大佛殿东南角悬挂的是一口明代大钟，由太监黄锦所铸，重二千五百斤。据说白马寺内原来还有一口大钟，每当月白风清之夜，更深人静之时，僧人敲击，钟声四野传响，经久不绝，可远闻数十里。更奇妙的是，只要这口大钟一响，远在二十五里之外的洛阳老城钟楼上的大钟，也会应声而和，老城钟楼上的大钟一响，白马寺的大钟也立刻响起来，这就是“马寺钟声”，为“洛阳八大景”之一，也称“夜半钟”，是白马寺六景之一。
洛阳白马寺游记篇四
friends:
today, i'm going to show you a famous tourist attraction in luoyang - baimatemple. baima temple is located about 12 kilometers east of luoyang city. it isclose to mangshan mountain in the north and luoshui river in the south. it hastowering pagodas, towering halls, long forests and ancient trees. not far to theeast, the ancient city wall of hazelnut groves still meanders on the yiluo plainintermittently, drawing out the grand outline of kyoto, a great power in thepast. that is the former site of luoyang city in the eastern han dynasty.
baima temple was founded in the 11th year of yongping (ad 68) of theeastern han dynasty. it is the first temple officially established by thegovernment after buddhism was introduced into china. it is the first bodhitaoist temple for buddhism originated from the south asian subcontinent toprosper and develop in the vast land of china. therefore, it has always beencalled "shiyuan" and "zuting" by the buddhist circles. "shiyuan" is thebirthplace of buddhism, "zuting" is the courtyard of the founder. it has playedan important role in the spread and development of buddhism in china, in thepromotion of ideological and cultural exchanges between china and foreigncountries, and in the development of friendship among the people of allcountries. in 1961, the state council announced that baima temple was the firstbatch of national key cultural relics protection units. in 1983, the statecouncil announced that baima temple is the key temple of chinese buddhism inchina. not long ago, on june 2, __, baima temple was designated as a national 4ascenic spot by the national tourism administration.
baima temple was founded in the eastern han dynasty. it was destroyed forthe first time when dong zhuo burned luoyang. then it rose and fell. at the timeof wu zetian, xue huaiyi, who was in charge of the construction, reached itspeak. the most recent large-scale renovation was carried out in 1972 to welcomeprince sihanouk of cambodia with the instruction of premier zhou.
the existing baima temple is a rectangular courtyard facing south, with atotal area of about 60000 square meters. there is a wide square in front of thedoor. the main buildings in the temple are distributed on the central axis fromsouth to north. there are five main halls in front and behind, which aretianwang hall, great buddha hall, daxiong hall and pilu pavilion. on the eastand west sides, there are bell, drum tower, zhaitang, hakka hall, zen hall,ancestral hall, sutra collection pavilion, magic weapon pavilion and otherancillary buildings, which are symmetrical and well arranged. the two stonehorses in front of the mountain gate are 1.8 meters high and 2.2 meters long,with gentle image and round carving. you may ask, are these two horses relatedto the founding history of baima temple?
on the foundation of baima temple, the most popular saying is "baimatuojing". according to records in guan's buddhist books, one night in theseventh year of yongping in the eastern han dynasty, emperor liu zhuang (the sonof liu xiu) spent the night in nangong. he dreamed that a golden man, who wassix feet tall and shining on his head, came from the west and flew around thepalace. the next morning, emperor hanming summoned his ministers and told themthe dream. doctor fu yi said: i heard that there is a god in the west, andpeople call it buddha, just as you dream. after hearing this, emperor han andming believed it, so he sent more than ten ministers, such as cai yin and qinjing, to the western regions to pray for buddhist scriptures and dharma. in ad65, cai yin and others bid farewell to the imperial capital and embarked on thejourney of "seeking scriptures from the west". in dayue kingdom (now afghanistanto central asia), i met indian eminent monks, such as shemoteng and zhufalan. imet buddhist sutras and white felt statues of sakyamuni buddha. i sincerelyinvited the two eminent monks to go to china to preach buddhism. in the tenthyear of yongping (ad 67), two indian eminent monks were invited to carrybuddhist scriptures and statues on white horses together with envoys of theeastern han dynasty to luoyang. emperor hanming was very happy to see thebuddhist scriptures and statues. he was very polite to the two eminent monks. hepersonally received them and arranged for them to stay in honglu temple, theofficial office in charge of foreign affairs at that time. in 68 a.d., emperorhan and ming ordered the construction of monasteries in the north of sanliyuroad outside xiyong gate in luoyang. in memory of the white horse carryingscripture, it was named "white horse temple". the word "si" comes from the word"si" in honglu temple. later, the word "temple" became a general term forchinese temples.
when it comes to baima temple, many visitors will associate it with thestory of "monk tang's learning from scriptures". in fact, from the perspectiveof time, baima temple was more than 560 years earlier than "tang monk's learningscriptures".
the two stone horses in front of us are two excellent stone carvings of thesong dynasty. around 1935, master seng dehao, who presided over the restorationof baima temple, moved them to the front of the mountain gate. as you can see,the gate is a memorial archway style hilltop built in the ming dynasty. in 1987,the top was renovated, and the three characters "white horse temple" on thewooden plaque was inscribed by mr. zhao puchu, the former president of chinabuddhist association. the three gates symbolize the "three gates of liberation"in buddhism, which is called the gate of nirvana in buddhism. the three dooropenings are all made of brick and bluestone. some of them are engraved with thesurnames of craftsmen. from the font, this kind of stone should be a relic ofthe eastern han dynasty, and it is the earliest cultural relic in baimatemple.
on the west side of the gate of baima temple, there is a huge half stonetablet, which is about 1.7 meters high and 1.4 meters wide. it is said that thistablet was written by su yi, a famous scholar and academician of the songdynasty. because its inscription is not written from top to bottom, but iswritten in several rows with short lines, so it is called "duanwen tablet",which is one of the six scenes of baima temple.
on the east side of the mountain gate is the stele of the yuan dynasty,which is 3.5 meters high and 1.15 meters wide. this monument was erected in 1333a.d. and was written by zhong huawencai, a famous monk of huayan in the yuandynasty. it contains the following words: "the man of shangmengjin, flying fromthe west to the west, was bright, and told his dream to his subordinates by chidan", "sent 18 people, including cai yin and qin jing, to visit tianzhu in thewest, and met with samanga, moteng and zhufalan ”the inscriptions call baimatemple "zuting" and "shiyuan", and say "shiyuan is in the middle of heaven, theplace of guanyu buddhism", which is in fact "the enlightenment of teng and lanmonks". zhong hua wencai later went to wutai mountain, one of the "four famousmountains" of buddhism, and became the first leader of youguo temple. thisinscription should have been written by him when he was in zhuoxi baima r script with inscriptions on steles is a rare art treasure ofcalligraphy. therefore, the tablet did not leave the name of the person whowrote the tablet, so it became a pending case. but the font is "zhao style".
in front of this east-west symmetrical building, on the east side is thenewly-built bell tower, in front of which are five "mentou halls" built in theperiod of the republic of china; on the west side is the newly-built drum tower,in front of which is the "yunshui hall" built in the period of the republic ofchina. "mentou hall" and "yunshui hall" have been set up as buddhist lawlogistics office and tourism center.
to the east of the bell tower and to the west of the drum tower, close tothe walls on the east and west sides, are the tombs of two indian monks. the twoeminent monks had been living in baima temple for a long time to translate andpreach buddhist scriptures, where they jointly translated the earliest chinesebuddhist scripture forty two chapters. they passed away in baima temple oneafter another, and were buried in the temple. in front of the tombstone, thereis a tombstone erected in 1634, the seventh year of chongzhen in ming dynasty."tenglan tomb" is also one of the six scenes of baima temple.
now the main hall we see is called tianwang hall, which is the first majorhall in baima temple. this hall is named for the four heavenly kings. facing himis maitreya tatu. he is smiling and amiable. he holds rosary beads in his righthand and cloth ribbon in his left. his image is vivid and interesting. he is asculpture of the ming dynasty. in the buddhist temples of the han nationality inchina, the first hall is usually dedicated to maitreya. when people enter thebuddhist temple, they will first see this happy image, which will produce a kindfeeling to buddhism.
the large niche above the buddha statue is carved with more than 50 dragonsof different shapes. the carving is exquisite, and it is the best wood carvingart of the qing dynasty.
on both sides of the hall, there are four heavenly kings, also known as the"four king kong". they are: the eastern heavenly king holding the kingdom,holding the pipa; the southern heavenly king holding the umbrella in his righthand, holding the demon in his left hand; the western heavenly king holding thedragon in one hand, holding the pearl in the other; the northern heavenly kingholding the pagoda in his hand. according to a chinese custom, one of the magictools they hold is different. they represent "wind", "tune", "rain" and "shun"respectively. the four heavenly kings are a group of clay sculpture works ofqing dynasty, which are burly and majestic.
this statue of wei tuotian general standing in the north, known as the"dharma god", is a clay sculpture of the qing dynasty. it is dressed as amilitary general and stands behind the statue of maitreya. facing sakyamunibuddha, it is performing the task of maintaining the preaching ground andforbidding the invasion of evil spirits.
there are many pomegranate trees planted on the east and west sides of thetemple. people say that "may pomegranate is as red as fire", but in baima templeit is just the opposite, because the pomegranate here is white. every april andmay of the lunar calendar, the trees are full of pomegranate flowers, crystalwhite, jade like snow, very good-looking, really "may pomegranate white assnow.".
the great buddha hall is the second major hall of baima temple. on the eastside of the front of the great buddha hall, there is a stele of "rebuildingbaima temple" written by huang jin in 1556. the stone tablet is 3.8 meters highand 1.03 meters wide, which has important reference value for the study of thehistorical evolution of baima temple.
the great buddha hall is the main hall in the temple, where major buddhistactivities are held. today's great buddha hall was rebuilt in the ming gh it has been rebuilt by later generations, it still has thearchitectural style of the blind generation.
there are seven statues on the altar in the middle of the hall. the statueof sakyamuni buddha in the middle sits on the seat of xumi, with a height of 2.4meters.
the statue here is said to be the image of his last sermon. in this sermon,he did not speak, which is called "speechless sermon". he only held a flower inhis right hand, which made people guess, that is, he "twisted the flower to showit to the public" at the nirvana meeting. the symbol on the chest of the greatbuddha means that the buddha has "boundless blessing" and "perfect harmony ofall virtues". therefore, the body has auspicious appearance, which means "theplace of auspiciousness". wu zetian defined the pronunciation of this symbol as"ten thousand".
on the left side of sakyamuni is mahakaya, the eldest disciple. in this"speechless saying", only he understood the real intention of the buddha, so hebroke his face and smile. later, he was promoted as one of the top ten disciplesof sakyamuni. chinese zen worshipped him as the first generation patriarch ofindian inheritance.
the standing statue on the right is ananda, the eldest disciple. he iswell-known and has a strong memory. he is known as "the first of many stories".chinese zen buddhism also promoted him as the second generation of patriarch whoinherited buddhism in india.
on the left side of jiaye is manjusri bodhisattva, on the right side isprajna sutra, which is known for its profound knowledge and wisdom; on the rightside of ananda is puxian bodhisattva, who holds ruyi hook, whose virtue isperfect and whose merits and demerits are boundless, which is known as"xingyuan".
sakyamuni buddha, manjusri and puxian bodhisattva are collectively known asthe "three sages of sakyamuni". these are three clay sculptures of the mingdynasty. east and west stand by two statues to support heaven and man. they holdflowers in their hands and have a delicate posture. they are also called "sanhuatiannv". when the great buddha preached the sermon, he offered support to heavenand man, and scattered flowers one after another in the high sky.
hanging in the southeast corner of the great buddha hall is a ming dynastybell, which was cast by eunuch huang jin and weighs 2500 jin. it is said thatthere used to be a big bell in the white horse temple. when the moon is whiteand the wind is clear and the people are still, the monks knock on it. the bellrings all over the place, lasting for decades. what's more, as soon as the bigbell rings, the big bell on the clock tower of the old city of luoyang, 25 milesaway, will also ring. as soon as the big bell on the clock tower of the old cityrings, the big bell of baima temple will ring. this is "the bell of horsetemple". it is one of the eight sceneries of luoyang, also known as "midnightbell". it is one of the six sceneries of baima temple.
the southwest corner of the hall is dafa drum. the bells and drums here areall the musical instruments that monks beat when they are engaged in buddhistactivities.
in the rear of the great buddha hall, this sitting statue facing the northis called guanyin bodhisattva. because of its back to the great buddha, it isalso known as "sitting upside down guanyin".
now what we see is the third main hall - daxiong hall. daxiong hall,originally rebuilt in yuan dynasty, was rebuilt in ming and qing dynasties. inthe east wall outside the hall, there is a stone engraved with the supernaturalrecords of the han dynasty by mo teng, which was re established in the songdynasty. bi wu said that it "has a unique typeface like the preface to the holyreligion, and the calligraphy of the northern song dynasty still has the styleof jin and tang dynasties, which is good and lovely." at this moment, the stonerecords the origin of the construction of qiyun tower by emperor han andming.
in the hall, on the ceiling. in the center of the hall, this hugedouble-layer niche with wood carvings and gold stickers is exquisitely carvedand resplendent. in the middle of the upper niche, there is a roc golden wingedbird, which kisses the human body. on both sides of the bird, there are threedragons in relief. according to buddhist legend, the dapeng golden winged birdlikes to eat dragons most. the dragon has no choice but to "complain" to thetathagata buddha. the tathagata buddha draws a bunch of silk from his cassockand covers a dragon with a piece of silk. from then on, the dragon was protectedby the tathagata buddha and no longer worried about the harm of mirs. thetathagata buddha also uses the supernatural power to make the offering changeinfinitely. by substituting the offering for the dragon, it meets therequirements of dapeng golden winged bird and solves the contradiction betweenthe two sides. both the dragon and the bird are happy. the design on the nicheprobably originated from this buddhist legend.
the three main buddhas in the niches are sitting on the lotus throne withknees on both sides. in the middle of the niches is sakyamuni, who is honored as"mahatma", that is to say, he is as powerful as a great warrior. as high as 2.25meters, the whole image gives people a sense of infinite solemnity, holiness andtranquility. on the left side of sakyamuni is the pharmacist buddha of the "pureglass world" in the east, and on the right side is amitabha buddha of the"paradise" in the west. the three buddhas have the same shape and style.
before the three main buddhas, wei tuo and wei li were standing oppositeeach other.
there are eighteen arhats on both sides of the hall. this group of eighteenarhats are sitting statues with different shapes. the height is between1.55-1.61 meters. on the west side, there is a arhat, wearing a corolla and askirt, which is a dignified and elegant female image, while the other 17 statueshave their top cut. some visitors call them the eighteen arhats.
the three main buddhas, the two heavenly generals and the eighteen arhatsin the main hall are all statues of the yuan dynasty. there are 24 maitreyabuddhas in the temple of heavenly kings. they were transferred from the greatbuddha hall of cining palace in 1973. they are rare cultural relics in them, the eighteen arhats are the only remaining set in china and are thetreasure of baima temple.
there are 5056 mural buddhas on the east and west gables.
wei litian, standing at the back of the hall, is the only remaining claysculpture of the yuan dynasty in the temple.
the reception hall is the fourth major hall in the temple. according tobuddhism, buddhists can be welcomed and guided to the western "paradise" byamitabha buddha when they have achieved certain achievements in their the center, the buddha is amitabha, with his right hand extending forward anddownward to make a leading shape, and his left hand pointing to the western"paradise". on the right is guanyin bodhisattva, and on the left is dashizhibodhisattva, collectively known as the "three saints of the west", all of whichare clay sculptures of the qing dynasty. the reception hall was destroyed byfire in tongzhi period of qing dynasty and rebuilt in guangxu period. it is thelatest and the smallest one built in baima temple.
now, please come with me to the qingliangtai. it is said that theqingliangtai used to be a summer resort and a reading place for liu zhuang,emperor of the han and ming dynasties, when he was a child. later, two indianmonks lived here and translated scriptures to preach. the first chinese buddhistsutra, forty two chapters sutra, was translated from this place. since theeastern han dynasty, it has always been a place for collecting scriptures. thename of qingliangtai originates from monk qingruxiu, and is known as the firstof the six scenic spots in baima temple. such as xiu neng, wen neng, poetry,calligraphy and painting are good. he named the six important monuments in baimatemple as the six sceneries of baima temple, which are qingliang terrace,burning sutra terrace, qiyun terrace, midnight bell, tenglan tomb and duanwenstele.
the whole stage, with pilu pavilion as the center, is surrounded by theaccessory hall, monk's room and veranda, forming a closed courtyard. pilupavilion is the last main hall in the temple. it was rebuilt in the mingdynasty, with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain. in the middle ofthe buddhist altar in the temple, the main statue is maha piluzana buddha, orpilu buddha for short, which means "da ri buddha", symbolizing the light andboundless buddhism. pilufa, an important sect in buddhism, is the highestworshipped by tantrism (also known as zhenyanzong)
洛阳白马寺游记篇五
朋友们：
今天我要带领大家参观的是洛阳市一处著名的旅游景点-----白马寺。白马寺位于今洛阳城东约12公里处，这里北依邙山，南临洛水，宝塔高耸，殿阁峥嵘，长林古木，肃然幽静。在它的东面不远处，蒿榛丛莽的古城垣，依然断断续续逶迤在伊洛平原之上，勾勤出一座昔日大国京都的宏伟轮廓。那就是东汉洛阳城的旧址。
白马寺初创于东汉永平十一年(公元68年)，是佛教传入中国后，由官府正式创建的座寺院，是源于南亚次大陆的佛教在辽阔的中华大地赖以繁荣发展的座菩提道场，故历来被佛教界称为“释源”和“祖庭”。“释源”即佛教之发源地，“祖庭”即祖师之庭院。它对佛教在中国的传播和发展，对促进中外思想文化交流和发展各国人民的友谊，是起了重要作用的。1961年，国务院公布白马寺为批全国重点文物保护单位。1983年，国务院又公布白马寺为全国汉传佛教重点寺院。前不久，即20__年6月2日，白马寺又被国家旅游局定为国家4a级旅游景点。
白马寺自东汉创建起，到董卓火烧洛阳时次被毁，其后兴衰毁建，到武则天时，由主持薛怀义大兴土木，达到了鼎盛。随后又毁建不断，近一次大规模重修是1972年为迎接柬埔寨西哈努克亲王，经周总理批示而进行的。
现存白马寺坐北朝南，为一长方形的院落，总面积约6万平方米左右。门前有宽阔的广场。寺内的主要建筑，都分布在由南向北的中轴线上。前后有五座大殿，依次为天王殿、大佛殿、大雄殿、毗卢阁，东西两侧分别有钟、鼓楼，斋堂、客堂，禅堂、祖堂，藏经阁、法宝阁等附属建筑，左右对称，布局规整。山门前的这两匹石马，通高1.8米，身长2.2米，形象温驯，雕工圆润。大家可能会问，这两匹马是否和白马寺的创建历史有关呢?
关于白马寺的创建，流行的一种说法即“白马驮经”说。据在关佛籍记载，东汉永平七年的一天晚上，汉明帝刘庄(刘秀之子)夜宿南宫，梦见一个身高丈六，头顶放光的金人自西方而来，在殿庭飞绕。第二天早上，汉明帝召集大臣，把这个梦告诉给大臣们，博士傅毅启奏道：臣听说，西方有神，人们称其为佛，就像您梦到的那样。汉明帝听罢，信以为真，于是就派大臣蔡音、秦景等十余人出使西域拜求佛经、佛法。蔡音等人于公元65年，告别帝都，踏上了“西天取经”的万里征途。在大月氏国(今阿富汗境至中亚一带)，遇到印度高僧摄摩腾、竺法兰，见到了佛经和释迦牟尼佛白毡像，诚恳邀请二位高僧东赴中国弘法布教。永平十年(公元67年)，二位印度高僧应邀和东汉使者一道，用白马驮载佛经、佛像同返国都洛阳。汉明帝见到佛经、佛像，十分高兴，对二位高僧极为礼重，亲自予以接待，并安排他们在当时负责外交事务的官署鸿胪寺暂住。公元68年，汉明帝敕令在洛阳西雍门外三里御道北兴建僧院。为纪念白马驮经之，因此取名“白马寺”。“寺”字即源于鸿胪寺之“寺”字。再后来“寺”字便成了中国寺院的一种泛称。
说到白马寺，不少游人都会把它和“唐僧取经”的故事联系在一起。其实从时间上看，白马寺要比“唐僧取经”早560多年。
我们眼前的这两匹石马，原是宋代太师太保、右卫将军、驸马都尉魏咸信墓前之物，是两件的宋代石雕作品。1935年前后，主持僧德浩法师重修白马寺时，将它们迁置于山门前。大家看到的这座山门，为牌坊式歇山顶，建于明代。1987年翻修了顶部，木质匾额上的“白马寺”三字，是中国佛教协会原会长赵朴初先生题写的。三个门洞，象征着佛教所说的“三解脱门”佛教称之为涅磐之门。三个门洞都是用砖和青石券砌而成的，部分券石上刻有工匠的姓氏名字，从字体上看此种券石应是东汉遗物，是白马寺内现存早的文物。
白马寺山门内西侧，有一巨大的半截残碑，残高约1.7米，宽1.4米，相传此碑为宋代翰林学士、著名文人苏易简撰，因其碑文不是由上到下一长行通写到底，而是用短行分成几排写出来，别具格式，故称“断文碑”，为白马寺六景之一。
山门东侧，为元代所遗存的《洛京白马寺祖庭记》碑，通高3.5米，宽1.15米，碑额“洛京白马寺祖庭记”八字为篆书。此碑立于元代至顺四年(公元1333年)，由元代华严名僧仲华文才撰文，内有“上梦金人，自西飞至，身光炜，以迟旦告所梦于臣下”，“遣遵偕郎中蔡音、秦景等十八人，西访至天竺，遇沙门迦摄摩腾、竺法兰”等句子，碑文称白马寺为“祖庭”和“释源”，并说“释源居中天，权舆佛法之地”，实为“腾、兰二神僧开教之绪”。仲华文才后来到了佛教“四大名山”之一的五台山，成为五台山名刹佑国寺的开山代主持。这篇碑文，应是他卓锡白马寺时所撰。碑文楷书，字体潇洒工整，丰神秀骨，实为不可多得的书法艺术珍品。因此碑不曾留下书丹者姓名，碑文究竟出自谁手，遂成一桩悬案。但字体为“赵体”。
前面这座东西对称的建筑，东侧为新建的钟楼，钟楼前有民国时期所建的五间“门头堂”;西侧为新建的鼓楼，鼓楼前有民国时所建的“云水堂”。“门头堂”、“云水堂”现已辟为佛教法物流通处和旅游接中心。
在钟楼以东、鼓楼以西，靠近东西两侧围墙，分别为摄摩腾、竺法兰二位印度高僧之墓。二位高僧曾长期禅居白马寺内译经传教，在这里他们共同译出了中国早的汉文佛经《四十二章经》。他们先后圆寂于白马寺，就葬于寺内，现墓前有明代崇祯七年(1634年)所立墓碑，“腾兰墓”也为白马寺六景之一。
现在我们看到的这座大殿称为天王殿，是白马寺内重大殿。此殿因殿内供四大天王而得名。迎面而坐的是大肚弥勒佛，他笑容满面，和蔼可亲，右手持念珠，左手握布带，形象生动有趣，为明代造像作品。在中国汉族的佛寺中，座大殿通常都供奉弥勒佛。人们进入佛寺中，首先看到这一乐呵呵的形象，会对佛门产生一种亲切之感。
佛像上面的这一座大佛龛，共雕有五十多条姿态各异的龙，雕工细腻，是清代上乘的木雕艺术品。
大殿内两侧，分塑四大天王，又叫“四大金刚”，分别是东方持国天王，手持琵芭;南方增长天王，右手持伞，左手握妖;西方广目天王，一手握龙，一手持宝珠;北方多闻天王，手托宝塔。按照中国个习惯，一他们手中所持法器不同，他们分别代表着“风”“调”“雨”“顺”，四大天王身材魁梧，威风凛凛，是一组清代泥塑作品。
这尊面北站像为韦驼天将，被称做“护法神”，着武将装，立于弥勒像后，正对释迦牟尼佛，执行着维护讲经道场，不许邪魔侵扰的任务，也是清代泥塑作品。
在天王殿的东西两侧，种植着许多石榴树。人们说“五月石榴红似火”，但在白马寺却恰恰相反，因为这里的石榴颜色是白色的。每至农历四五月份，树上开满了石榴花，晶莹洁白，如玉似雪，十分好看，真是“五月榴花白如雪”。
大佛殿是白马寺的第二重大殿，大佛殿前东侧，立有明代嘉靖三十五年(1556年)黄锦撰文的《重修古刹白马禅寺记》碑。高3.8米，宽1.03米，这方石碑对研究白马寺的历史沿革有重要的参考价值。
大佛殿是寺内主要殿堂，重大的佛事活动，均在这里举行。今存之大佛殿，是明代重建的，虽经后世重修，单仍不失明代建筑风格。
殿内正中佛坛之上供奉着七尊造像，正中释迦牟尼佛，结跏趺坐于须弥座上，像高2.4米。
这里的塑像，据说是他后一次讲经说法时的形象，此次讲经，他并不讲话，叫做“不语说法”，只用右手持一朵鲜花，让众人猜测，即所谓“涅磐会上”“捻花示众”。大佛胸口字符号，表示大佛“福德无量”，“万德圆融”，所以身有瑞相，表示“吉祥之所集”，武则天定此符号读音为“万”。
释迦牟尼的左侧，为大弟子摩诃珈叶，在这次“不语说法”中，惟有他懂得了佛的真正用意，从而破颜微笑，后来被推为释迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中国禅宗推崇他为印度传承的代祖师。
右侧站像为大弟子阿难，他博闻强记，被称为“多闻”，中国禅宗又推他为在印度传承佛法的第二代祖师。
珈叶左侧为文殊菩萨，右持经书，《般若经》，以知识渊博，聪明智慧著称;阿难右侧为普贤菩萨，手持如意钩，德行圆满，功过无边，以“行愿”著称。
释迦牟尼佛与文殊，普贤菩萨，合称为“释迦三圣”，这是三尊明代泥塑造像作品。东西侍立的是两尊供养天人，手持鲜花，体态娇娜，也称“散花天女”。在大佛讲经时，供养天人在高高的天上，纷纷散花，“天花乱坠”一词由此而来。
大佛殿东南角悬挂的是一口明代大钟，由太监黄锦所铸，重二千五百斤。据说白马寺内原来还有一口大钟，每当月白风清之夜，更深人静之时，僧人敲击，钟声四野传响，经久不绝，可远闻数十里。更奇妙的是，只要这口大钟一响，远在二十五里之外的洛阳老城钟楼上的大钟，也会应声而和，老城钟楼上的大钟一响，白马寺的大钟也立刻响起来，这就是“马寺钟声”，为“洛阳八大景”之一，也称“夜半钟”，是白马寺六景之一。
殿西南角为大法鼓。这里的钟、鼓都是僧人们进行佛事活动时所敲打的乐器。
大佛殿内后部，这尊面向北方的坐像，为观世音菩萨，由于背对大佛，又称“倒坐观音”。
现在我们看到的是第三重大殿----大雄殿。大雄殿，本为元代所重建，明、清时重修。殿门外东侧壁间，嵌有宋代重立的《摩腾入汉灵异记》刻石，毕无说它“字体绝类《圣教序》，北宋人书，犹有晋唐风格，良可爱也。”此刻石记载了汉明帝修建齐云塔的起始原委。
殿内天棚上。画有鲜艳的莲花图案;殿中央，这个巨大的木雕贴金双层佛龛，精雕细刻，金碧辉煌，看起来十分壮观。在上层龛额正中，浮雕着一只大鹏金翅鸟，鸟吻人身。在鹏金翅鸟的两边，还各浮雕有三条龙。佛教传说，大鹏金翅鸟喜欢吃龙，龙万般无奈，只好找如来佛“告状”，如来佛即从所披袈裟之上抽出一束丝，用一根丝覆盖一条龙。从此，龙受到如来佛的保护，不再担心受大鹏鸟之害了。如来佛又运用神通，让供品变化的无限多，用供品代龙，满足了大鹏金翅鸟的要求，解决了双方的矛盾，龙、鸟皆大欢喜。佛龛上的图案，大概就源于这个佛教传说故事吧。
佛龛内的三尊主佛，皆盘双膝坐于莲花宝座中，正中为释迦牟尼，尊称“大雄”，即像大勇士那样神通广大，法力无边。像高2.25米，整个形象给人以无限庄严、圣洁、恬静之感。释迦左侧为东方“净琉璃世界”的药师佛，右侧为西方“极乐世界”的阿弥陀佛。这三尊佛形制、风格大体相同。
三主佛之前，左右相对而站的是韦驮、韦力二位“护法神”。
殿内两侧供置十八罗汉，这一组十八罗汉，都是坐像，形态各异，通高介于1.55—1.61米之间。西侧有一尊罗汉，头戴花冠，上衣下裙，完全是一位端庄、娴雅的女性形象，而其余十七尊则削发光顶。有些游人就把他们戏称为十八罗汉一枝花。
大雄宝殿的三主佛、二天将、十八罗汉都是元代造像，与天王殿的弥勒佛，共二十四尊，是1973年从北京故宫慈宁宫大佛堂调入的，为传世极稀的文物瑰宝，国内已非常罕见。其中十八罗汉为国内仅存的一套，是白马寺的镇寺之宝。
东西山墙上为木雕千佛壁龛，供有壁佛5056尊。
殿后站的韦力天将，为寺内现今仅存的一尊元代泥雕作品。
接引殿是寺内的第四重大殿。按佛教说法，佛教徒修行到一定时候，有了一定的功果，便可由阿弥陀佛迎接、引导到西方“极乐世界”去。正中主尊为阿弥陀佛，右手向前下伸，作接引状;左手指向西方“极乐世界”。右侧为观音菩萨，左侧为大势至菩萨，合称“西方三圣”，均为清代泥塑作品。接引殿于清代同治年间毁于火灾，光绪年间重建，是白马寺内修建晚，规模小的殿。
现在请大家随我一起登上清凉台，相传，清凉台原是汉明帝刘庄小时候避暑、读书之处;后来二位印度僧在此居住并译经传教，本汉文佛经《四十二章经》就是大此译出的。自东汉以后，历来均以此为藏经之所。清凉台之名，源自清如秀和尚，被誉为白马寺六景之首。如秀能文能诗，书画俱佳。他把白马寺内的六项重要古迹，题为白马寺六景，分别是清凉台、焚经台、齐云台、以及前面已介绍过的夜半钟、腾兰墓和断文碑。
整个台上，以毗卢阁为中心，周围环绕配殿、僧房和廊庑等，构成一个封闭式的院落。毗卢阁是寺内后一重大殿，为明代重修，重檐歇山顶，殿内佛坛上中间主尊为摩诃毗卢遮那佛，简称毗卢佛，意为“大日佛”，象征着光明普照，佛法广大无边。毗卢佛，是佛教中一个重要教派---密宗(也叫真言宗)所尊奉的的神。
毗卢佛的左侧为文殊菩萨，右为普贤菩萨。这一佛二菩萨，合称“华严三圣”均为清代泥塑像。
随着佛教在中国的发展兴盛，于是形成了各种各样的佛教宗派。这些宗派之间互相联系，互为影响，也互为斗争。自唐武宗灭佛之后，惟有禅宗弘而不衰，成为汇合各宗派的完全中国化的佛教。其中以祖宗和净土宗、密宗、律宗结合得紧密。作为“释源”和“祖庭”的白马寺，对于中佛教的这种历史现象有明显的反映。宋元之后，白马寺虽为禅宗寺院，但寺内的接引殿及阿弥陀佛主要是净土宗的内容，而毗卢阁及毗卢佛，则又主要是密宗的内容。
在清凉台东西两侧，分别新建有藏经阁、法宝阁各一座，供奉着泰国佛教世界赠送给白马寺的中华古佛和印度前总理拉奥赠送的释迦牟尼铜像。
现在我们来到齐云塔院。此院位于白马寺山门外东南约200米处，齐云塔是一座方形密檐工砖塔，十三层，高约25米。齐云塔外形呈抛物线，造型别致，玲珑妩媚。据寺内现存宋代刻石记载。齐云塔初建于东汉永平十二年，即公元69年，创建白马寺的第二年，应该是中国古老的一座佛塔。现存的砖塔，则为金大定十五年(公元1175年)年建，已有八百多年的历史，是洛阳一带地面现存早的古建筑，1990年齐云塔被辟为河南省座比丘尼道场。
齐云塔有一奇，如果站在塔南约20米处，用击掌，便可听到从塔身发出“哇哇”的声音，好像田野里青蛙的叫声。所以当地人传说，在齐云塔上住有一保金蛤蟆。其实这是一种回音现象，它比北京天坛的明代回音壁(1530年)要早三百五十多年。
中国座古刹是白马寺;中国座古塔是齐云塔;次“西天取经”始于洛阳;早来华的印度僧人禅居于白马寺;早传入梵文佛经“贝叶经”收藏于白马寺;早的译经道场是白马寺内的清凉台;相汉文佛经《四十二章经》是在白马寺译出的;本汉文佛律《僧祗戒心》始译于白马寺;场佛、道之争发生于白马寺;个汉人和尚朱士行受戒于白马寺。这十项，我们可以称之为“祖庭十古”。正是这“祖庭十古”，使洛阳折马寺能够稳居中国伽蓝之首座，而永远彪炳于中国佛教史册之卷首。
洛阳白马寺游记篇六
baima temple is located 12 kilometers east of the old city of luoyang inhenan province. it was founded in the 11th year of yongping in the eastern handynasty (ad 68). it is the first ancient temple in china and the world famouskalan temple. it is the first temple built after buddhism was introduced intochina. it is known as the "ancestral court" and "source of interpretation" ofchinese buddhism. it has a history of more than 1900 years. the existing sitesand historic sites are preserved in yuan, ming and qing dynasties. there are alarge number of jiagan lacquered statues of the yuan dynasty, such as the thirdbuddha, the second general and the eighteen arhats.
in 1961, baima temple was announced as the first batch of national keycultural relics protection units by the state council of the people's republicof china. in 1983, it was designated by the state council as the national keytemple of chinese buddhism. in january 20__, baima temple was named as the firstbatch of aaaa scenic spots by the national tourism administration.
in the seventh year of yongping in the eastern han dynasty (a.d. 64),emperor liu zhuang (the son of liu xiu) spent the night in nangong. he dreamedthat a golden man, six feet tall and shining on his head, would come from thewest and fly around the palace. the next morning, emperor hanming told theministers about the dream. doctor fu yi said, "there is a god in the west, whichis called buddha, just as you dream.". after hearing this, emperor han and mingsent more than ten ministers, such as cai yin and qin jing, to the westernregions to worship buddhist scriptures and dharma.
in the eighth year of yongping (ad 65), cai, qin and others bid farewell tothe imperial capital and embarked on the journey of "learning from the west". indayue kingdom (from afghanistan to central asia today), i met indian eminentmonks, such as shemoteng and zhufalan, and met buddhist sutras and white feltstatues of sakyamuni buddha. i sincerely ask the two eminent monks to go east tochina to preach buddhism.
in the tenth year of yongping (ad 67), two indian eminent monks wereinvited to carry buddhist scriptures and statues on white horses together withenvoys of the eastern han dynasty to luoyang. emperor hanming was very happy tosee the buddhist scriptures and statues. he was very polite to the two eminentmonks. he personally received them and arranged for them to stay in honglutemple, the official office in charge of foreign affairs at that time.
in the 11th year of yongping (a.d. 68), the emperor of han and ming orderedthe construction of monasteries in the north of sanli imperial road outsidexiyong gate in luoyang. in memory of baima tuojing, it was named "baima temple".the word "si" originated from the word "si" of "honglu temple", and later "si"became a general term of chinese temples. this is the first chinese translationof buddhist scriptures in china.
after taking photos of moteng and zhufalan, many western eminent monks cameto baima temple to translate buddhist scriptures. in more than 150 years after68 a.d., 192 buddhist scriptures, 395 volumes in total, were translated temple has become the first buddhist scripture translation center inchina.
in the second year of caowei jiaping (a.d. 250), tan kejialuo, an indianmonk, came to baima temple. at this time, buddhism also entered the public fromthe deep palace. later, tankojaro translated the first buddhist commandment inchinese in baima temple. at the same time, tan di, a monk of the sabbath state,also translated tan wu de jie mo in baima temple, which regulated theorganization and life of the monks. so far, the commandments and theconstitution of the monks' group have been completed, and a path of monasticpractice has been paved, which is the beginning of the commandments inchina.
in the fifth year of ganlu (260 a.d.), a commandment ceremony was held inbaima temple, which is destined to be deeply engraved in the history of chinesebuddhism. on this day, zhu shixing ascended the altar of abstinence inaccordance with the law of karma, knelt down in front of the buddha, and becamethe first monk who formally received the bhikkhu commandment in han china. sincethen, the ancient confucian tradition of "body hair skin, parents, dare notdamage" has been broken.
during the first 200 years of buddhism's taking root and spreading inchina, the whole process is closely related to baima temple. this is the productof china's first search for dharma from the west. it is the residence of thefirst monks who came to china to preach and spread dharma. the first chinesebuddhist scripture and chinese commandments were born here, and the firstchinese buddhist monk was born in a word, baima temple is closely linked withmany "firsts" of chinese buddhism, which makes it the real ancestor and sourceof chinese buddhism.
洛阳白马寺游记篇七
现在我们看到的这座大殿称为天王殿，是白马寺内第一重大殿。此殿因殿内供四大天王而得名。迎面而坐的是大肚弥勒佛，他笑容满面，和蔼可亲，右手持念珠，左手握布带，形象生动有趣，为明代造像作品。在中国汉族的佛寺中，第一座大殿通常都供奉弥勒佛。人们进入佛寺中，首先看到这一乐呵呵的形象，会对佛门产生一种亲切之感。
佛像上面的这一座大佛龛，共雕有五十多条姿态各异的龙，雕工细腻，是清代上乘的木雕艺术品。
大殿内两侧，分塑四大天王，又叫“四大金刚”，分别是东方持国天王，手持琵芭；南方增长天王，右手持伞，左手握妖；西方广目天王，一手握龙，一手持宝珠；北方多闻天王，手托宝塔。按照中国个习惯，一他们手中所持法器不同，他们分别代表着“风”“调”“雨”“顺”，四大天王身材魁梧，威风凛凛，是一组清代泥塑作品。
这尊面北站像为韦驼天将，被称做“护法神”，着武将装，立于弥勒像后，正对释迦牟尼佛，执行着维护讲经道场，不许邪魔侵扰的任务，也是清代泥塑作品。
在天王殿的东西两侧，种植着许多石榴树。人们说 “五月石榴红似火”，但在白马寺却恰恰相反，因为这里的石榴颜色是白色的。每至农历四五月份，树上开满了石榴花，晶莹洁白，如玉似雪，十分好看，真是“五月榴花白如雪”。
大佛殿是白马寺的第二重大殿，大佛殿前东侧，立有明代嘉靖三十五年（1556年）黄锦撰文的《重修古刹白马禅寺记》碑。高3.8米，宽1.03米，这方石碑对研究白马寺的历史沿革有重要的参考价值。
大佛殿是寺内主要殿堂，重大的佛事活动，均在这里举行。今存之大佛殿，是明代重建的，虽经后世重修，单仍不失明代建筑风格。
殿内正中佛坛之上供奉着七尊造像，正中释迦牟尼佛，结跏趺坐于须弥座上，像高2.4米。
这里的塑像，据说是他最后一次讲经说法时的形象，此次讲经，他并不讲话，叫做“不语说法”，只用右手持一朵鲜花，让众人猜测，即所谓“涅磐会上”“捻花示众”。大佛胸口 字符号，表示大佛“福德无量”，“万德圆融”，所以身有瑞相，表示“吉祥之所集”，武则天定此符号读音为“万”。
释迦牟尼的左侧，为大弟子摩诃珈叶，在这次“不语说法”中，惟有他懂得了佛的真正用意，从而破颜微笑，后来被推为释迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中国禅宗推崇他为印度传承的第一代祖师。
右侧站像为大弟子阿难，他博闻强记，被称为“多闻第一”，中国禅宗又推他为在印度传承佛法的第二代祖师。
珈叶左侧为文殊菩萨，右持经书，《般若经》，以知识渊博，聪明智慧著称；阿难右侧为普贤菩萨，手持如意钩，德行圆满，功过无边，以“行愿”著称。
释迦牟尼佛与文殊，普贤菩萨，合称为“释迦三圣”，这是三尊明代泥塑造像作品。东西侍立的是两尊供养天人，手持鲜花，体态娇娜，也称“散花天女”。在大佛讲经时，供养天人在高高的天上，纷纷散花，“天花乱坠”一词由此而来。
大佛殿东南角悬挂的是一口明代大钟，由太监黄锦所铸，重二千五百斤。据说白马寺内原来还有一口大钟，每当月白风清之夜，更深人静之时，僧人敲击，钟声四野传响，经久不绝，可远闻数十里。更奇妙的是，只要这口大钟一响，远在二十五里之外的洛阳老城钟楼上的大钟，也会应声而和，老城钟楼上的大钟一响，白马寺的大钟也立刻响起来，这就是“马寺钟声”，为“洛阳八大景”之一，也称“夜半钟”，是白马寺六景之一。
殿西南角为大法鼓。这里的钟、鼓都是僧人们进行佛事活动时所敲打的乐器。
大佛殿内后部，这尊面向北方的坐像，为观世音菩萨，由于背对大佛，又称“倒坐观音”。
现在我们看到的是第三重大殿----大雄殿。大雄殿，本为元代所重建，明、清时重修。殿门外东侧壁间，嵌有宋代重立的《摩腾入汉灵异记》刻石，毕无说它“字体绝类《圣教序》，北宋人书，犹有晋唐风格，良可爱也。”此刻石记载了汉明帝修建齐云塔的起始原委。
殿内天棚上。画有鲜艳的莲花图案；殿中央，这个巨大的木雕贴金双层佛龛，精雕细刻，金碧辉煌 ，看起来十分壮观。在上层龛额正中，浮雕着一只大鹏金翅鸟，鸟吻人身。在鹏金翅鸟的两边，还各浮雕有三条龙。佛教传说，大鹏金翅鸟最喜欢吃龙，龙万般无奈，只好找如来佛“告状”，如来佛即从所披袈裟之上抽出一束丝，用一根丝覆盖一条龙。从此，龙受到如来佛的保护，不再担心受大鹏鸟之害了。如来佛又运用神通，让供品变化的无限多，用供品代龙，满足了大鹏金翅鸟的要求，解决了双方的矛盾，龙、鸟皆大欢喜。佛龛上的图案，大概就源于这个佛教传说故事吧。
佛龛内的三尊主佛，皆盘双膝坐于莲花宝座中，正中为释迦牟尼，尊称“大雄”，即像大勇士那样神通广大，法力无边。像高2.25米，整个形象给人以无限庄严、圣洁、恬静之感。释迦左侧为东方“净琉璃世界”的药师佛，右侧为西方“极乐世界”的阿弥陀佛。这三尊佛形制、风格大体相同。
三主佛之前，左右相对而站的是韦驮、韦力二位“护法神”。
殿内两侧供置十八罗汉，这一组十八罗汉，都是坐像，形态各异，通高介于1.55—1.61米之间。西侧有一尊罗汉，头戴花冠，上衣下裙，完全是一位端庄、娴雅的女性形象，而其余十七尊则削发光顶。有些游人就把他们戏称为十八罗汉一枝花。
洛阳白马寺游记篇八
大雄宝殿的三主佛、二天将、十八罗汉都是元代造像，与天王殿的弥勒佛，共二十四尊，是1973年从北京故宫慈宁宫大佛堂调入的，为传世极稀的文物瑰宝，国内已非常罕见。其中十八罗汉为国内仅存的一套，是白马寺的镇寺之宝。
东西山墙上为木雕千佛壁龛，供有壁佛5056尊。
殿后站的韦力天将，为寺内现今仅存的一尊元代泥雕作品。
接引殿是寺内的第四重大殿。按佛教说法，佛教徒修行到一定时候，有了一定的功果，便可由阿弥陀佛迎接、引导到西方“极乐世界”去。正中主尊为阿弥陀佛，右手向前下伸，作接引状；左手指向西方“极乐世界”。右侧为观音菩萨，左侧为大势至菩萨，合称“西方三圣”，均为清代泥塑作品。接引殿于清代同治年间毁于火灾，光绪年间重建，是白马寺内修建最晚，规模最小的殿。
现在请大家随我一起登上清凉台，相传，清凉台原是汉明帝刘庄小时候避暑、读书之处；后来二位印度僧在此居住并译经传教，第一本汉文佛经《四十二章经》就是大此译出的。自东汉以后，历来均以此为藏经之所。清凉台之名，源自清如秀和尚，被誉为白马寺六景之首。如秀能文能诗，书画俱佳。他把白马寺内的六项重要古迹，题为白马寺六景，分别是清凉台、焚经台、齐云台、以及前面已介绍过的夜半钟、腾兰墓和断文碑。
整个台上，以毗卢阁为中心，周围环绕配殿、僧房和廊庑等，构成一个封闭式的院落。毗卢阁是寺内最后一重大殿，为明代重修，重檐歇山顶，殿内佛坛上中间主尊为摩诃毗卢遮那佛，简称毗卢佛，意为“大日佛”，象征着光明普照，佛法广大无边。毗卢佛，是佛教中一个重要教派---密宗（也叫真言宗）所尊奉的最高的神。
毗卢佛的左侧为文殊菩萨，右为普贤菩萨。这一佛二菩萨，合称“华严三圣”均为清代泥塑像。
随着佛教在中国的发展兴盛，于是形成了各种各样的佛教宗派。这些宗派之间互相联系，互为影响，也互为斗争。自唐武宗灭佛之后，惟有禅宗弘而不衰，成为汇合各宗派的完全中国化的佛教。其中以祖宗和净土宗、密宗、律宗结合得最紧密。作为“释源”和“祖庭”的白马寺，对于中佛教的这种历史现象有明显的反映。宋元之后，白马寺虽为禅宗寺院，但寺内的接引殿及阿弥陀佛主要是净土宗的内容，而毗卢阁及毗卢佛，则又主要是密宗的内容。
在清凉台东西两侧，分别新建有藏经阁、法宝阁各一座，供奉着泰国佛教世界赠送给白马寺的中华古佛和印度前总理拉奥赠送的释迦牟尼铜像。
现在我们来到齐云塔院。此院位于白马寺山门外东南约200米处，齐云塔是一座方形密檐工砖塔，十三层，高约25米。齐云塔外形呈抛物线，造型别致，玲珑妩媚。据寺内现存宋代刻石记载。齐云塔初建于东汉永平十二年，即公元69年，创建白马寺的第二年，应该是中国最古老的一座佛塔。现存的砖塔，则为金大定十五年（公元1175年）年建，已有八百多年的历史，是洛阳一带地面现存最早的古建筑，1990年齐云塔被辟为河南 省第一座比丘尼道场。
齐云塔有一奇，如果站在塔南约20米处，用击掌，便可听到从塔身发出“哇哇”的声音，好像田野里青蛙的叫声。所以当地人传说，在齐云塔上住有一保金蛤蟆。其实这是一种回音现象，它比北京天坛的明代回音壁（1530年）要早三百五十多年。
中国第一座古刹是白马寺；中国第一座古塔是齐云塔；第一次“西天取经”始于洛阳；最早来华的印度僧人禅居于白马寺；最早传入梵文佛经“贝叶经”收藏于白马寺；最早的译经道场是白马寺内的清凉台；第一相汉文佛经《四十二章经》是在白马寺译出的；第一本汉文佛律《僧祗戒心》始译于白马寺；第一场佛、道之争发生于白马寺；第一个汉人和尚朱士行受戒于白马寺。这十项第一，我们可以称之为“祖庭十古”。正是这“祖庭十古”，使洛阳折马寺能够稳居中国伽蓝之首座，而永远彪炳于中国佛教史册之卷首。
