作为一位杰出的教职工,总归要编写教案,教案是教学活动的总的组织纲领和行动方案。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的教案吗?下面是我给大家整理的教案范文,欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴,希望对大家能够有所帮助。
胡同文化教案ppt 胡同文化教案一等奖篇一
体会作者对北京胡同文化所流露出感情和个性化语言的品味
课件辅助
一课时
一、导入:运用声像,直观渲染
师:大家喜欢不喜欢旅游啊?
生:喜欢!
师:现在我带大家去北京逛逛,请看大屏幕(出示课件1,展示长城、故宫等名胜的图片),下面,我再带大家到北京的小胡同去看一看(出示课件2,循环放映“到胡同去”一组图片,并播放胡同歌曲)。听完刚才播放的歌曲,一股浓厚的北京韵味扑面而来,这种感觉我们同样可以到文学作品中去寻找,让我们跟着他(屏幕出现“汪曾祺简介”幻灯片),一起走进北京胡同,就像欣赏美妙歌曲一样去领略古老胡同建筑的风格,了解其独特的文化底蕴。
二、示标:出示课件3(教学目标)
三、朗读课文,理清思路,概括要点。
请同学们快速阅读1—4节,概括胡同的特点,并思考胡同的特点和胡同文化的特点之间的联系。
四、研读6—12节,了解胡同文化的内涵。
俗话说“一方山水,养育一方人”,这些被外化在胡同上的北京人的生活方式、兴趣习惯、思想状况等,就是所谓的“胡同文化”,那么这一文化有怎样的内涵呢?
(1)胡同文化是一种怎样的文化?
是一种封闭的文化。
(2)它有哪些具体的表现?
安土重迁、讲究处街坊(平时各人自扫门前雪)、易于满足、爱瞧热闹不爱管闲事、逆来顺受,安分守己
(3)为什么会有这样的表现?
北京市民有忍的精神,怕事,有什么不顺心的,忍一忍也就算了。
(4)作者用那些事例说明胡同中的人善于“忍”的?
《八月骄阳》中的对话和“电梯事件”。
(5)胡同文化产生的原因是什么?
“北京人的安分守己,逆来顺受是由其特殊的历史、政治环境造成的。京都之中,帝辇之下,人们看得最多的是城头变幻大王旗,看得最透的是仕途险恶,天威难测,官运无常。今儿个,新科状元金榜题名,“春风得意马蹄疾,一夜看尽长安花”,明儿个,菜市场人头落地,大观园底儿朝天。这风云变幻,世事沧桑,使北京人学会了世故通达。作为封建专制制度下的小市民,他们太微不足道了,统治子者要消灭他们,犹如碾死一只蚂蚁般容易,所以他们也就学会了忍耐。”
(6)作者在对胡同文化的描写中,包含了怎样的感情?
喜爱推崇:知足长乐、随遇而安、安分守己。有所批判:封闭、逆来顺受、冷眼旁观、忍
(7)对传统文化我们应持什么样的态度?
取其精华,去其糟粕,不断吸收,不断创新,不断发展。
五、研读13—15节,了解胡同文化的前景及作者的感情。
六、品味语言
胡同文化这种内涵除了表现在北京市民的处世方式上以外,作者还通过北京人的语言生动地来表现。小组讨论,找出最有味的语言分别品味,朗读,推荐代表发言。
四、小结
普普通通的胡同,在汪曾祺先生的笔下,洋溢着浓郁的文化气息。也正因此他的文章被称为“文化散文”。胡同是一种建筑文化,一地的建筑,一地的民风民俗。
五、作业
汪曾祺更擅长写吃的文章,如《四方食事》《五味》等,请同学们课后可以搜集一些资料,写写书沭阳的饮食文化。
胡同文化教案ppt 胡同文化教案一等奖篇二
1、概括北京胡同文化的内涵,体会作者对胡同文化流露的情感。
2、学习作者用朴实雅致、富有表现力的语言来叙事抒情的手法。
1、对文章深层思想的理解,概括整体内容要点。
2、理清作者思路,体味作者的情感。
1、通过具体词句的品味,体会作者对北京胡同文化的情感。
2、在初步了解文化这一概念内涵的基础上,把握胡同文化的主要特点。
运用形象直观的多媒体教学,让学生更加真切感受文章的内容,也有助于学生感性理解基础上的理性思考
有人说过:“建筑是凝固的音乐”。今天我们所学课文涉及到的是一种相对古老的建筑--胡同。这是一篇一位大器晚成的,在文坛寂寞了四十年之久的作家--汪曾祺给摄影艺术集《胡同之没》写的序文--《胡同文化》。让我们慢慢品读课文,就象欣赏美妙的音乐一样去感受它内在的文化气息吧!
读题,要求学生调动已有经验,充分发挥想象,说说题目告诉了你些什么内容?
明确:(1)胡同:小弄(long)堂 (点出了写作对象)
北京胡同多--“有名胡同三千六,无名胡同赛牛毛”
(2)文化:比较下面两个句子中“文化”的含义
*现在这社会,没文化是不行的。(知识)
*北京大学有很浓的文化氛围。(人类在社会发展过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富,特指精神财富,如文学艺术、科学等)
首先,让我们了解一下课文的作者汪曾祺先生。汪曾祺(1920~1998),江苏高邮人,著名作家。1939年考入西南联大中国文学系。此后,当过教师、编辑等。他长期生活在北京的胡同里,有机会经常接触北京的普通市民,了解他们的日常生活以及表现出来的文化心态。他多年从事民间文艺工作。在他笔下,那一方水土中鲜明特色的生活,就像一幅幅立体感极强的油画,展现在读者面前,使人难以忘怀。代表作品有《受戒》、《大淖记事》等乡村风俗小说。他自称是一个中国式的柔情的人道主义者。
《胡同文化》是一篇序文,原文有小标题“摄影艺术集《胡同之没》序”。这是一篇古朴清雅、意味深长的文化随笔,充分显示了作家的创作个性。
先结合课前预习,快速浏览1、2、3、4、5自然段,划出每一自然段的重要语句。
1、讲析课文第1、2、3、4、5自然段
(1)提问:第1自然段在全文结构上起什么作用?
明确:第1自然段在全文结构上起总起的作用。概述大街、胡同所形成的方正影响了北京人的生活和思想。
(2)提问:2、3、4三个自然段分别从哪些方面来介绍胡同的特点?
明确:介绍胡同--取名
宽窄、数量
环境(位置、声响)
(3)第2自然段交代胡同取名的来源,主要有哪几种类型?
明确:取名--计数、物件、行业、人物、形状,与人们的生活密切相关。还有的胡同取名未知取义。
(4)胡同的环境又有什么特点?
明确:离闹市近,生活方便,环境安静
(5)提问:第5自然段的段意,可不可以用“胡同和四合院是一体”来概括呢?为什么?那么,用哪一句话来概括更为准确呢?
明确:第5自然段具有承上启下的作用,由“胡同”过渡到“胡同文化”。因此,用“胡同、四合院是北京市民的居住方式,也是北京市民的文化形态”这一个并列复句来概括段意,兼顾两个方面,显得全面、准确。
(6)提问:作者为什么说“北京市民文化就是胡同文化”?
明确:因为胡同这一北京市民的居住方式极大地影响着北京市民的心态,成为市民文化的存在空间和载体,它给生于斯长于斯的人们打上了时代的文化的烙印,因些,“北京市民文化就是胡同文化”。
2、分析第6~12自然段
胡同,蕴育了独特的胡同文化。现在,让我们来听课文录音,随着著名播音员那字正腔圆的京味朗读,进一步探寻胡同文化的精义
(1)在这个部分中,哪四个词语可以概括胡同文化的主要特点?又有哪些词句具体说明这四个特点?
封闭--安土重迁、理想的住家是“独门独院”、“各人自扫门前雪”
满足--易于满足,物质要求不高
旁观--爱瞧热闹,但是不爱管闲事
忍--安分守己,逆来顺受
请同学来读这里最具京味的语段,要品出“胡同文化”特有的滋味来。
a.“北京人易于满足……虾米皮熬白菜,嘿!”
b.“这二位同声说……真有你的!”
(2)提问:“虾米皮熬白菜,嘿!”这句话,表现了北京市民怎样的心态?
明确:一个“嘿”字,使读者如见其色、如闻其香、如尝其味。极其形象地刻画出北京市民享受虾米熬白菜这种美食时那种无限向往、无限满足神态,表现了北京人“易于满足,他们对生活的物质要求不高”的心态。
(3)提问:“睡不着,别烦躁,别起急,眯着北京人,真有你的!”一句,概括了北京人怎样的生活状态?
明确:对别人无可奈何,只有自我安慰,充分体现了北京人善于忍耐的性格。最后“真有你的!”是作者对北京人的这一性格进行评论的话,内涵丰富,令人拍案叫绝。作者对这种态度是赞赏还是否定,或者两者兼而有之?请你见仁见智吧!
(4)提问:胡同在经济大潮的冲击之下,呈现出怎样的景象?胡同文化又将何去何从呢?
明确:北京胡同在衰败、没落,因而毫无生气。胡同文化也必将随着胡同的消失而逐渐消亡。
(5)请学生有感情地朗读文句“西风残照,衰草离披,满目荒凉,毫无生气”,这些描写,渲染怎样的一种气氛?
明确:尽情渲染胡同衰败、没落后的凄惨景象,引起人们的伤感怀旧之情。
(6)提问:最后一句“再见吧,胡同”,抒发了作者什么样的情感?
明确:存在于一个相当长的历史时期的北京胡同,将要离我们而去了。告别之际,作者的情感相当复杂:有对胡同往日辉煌的怀念,有对胡同衰败的无可奈何,有对胡同文化总有一天会消失的伤感,有对冲击胡同文化的商品经济大潮不可抗拒之势的赞叹,有对胡同及胡同文化将归入虾蟆陵、乌衣巷之列的怅惘低徊……
3、小结:作者把普普通通的胡同,从来源到起名分类和这数不清的胡同中凝聚浸透着的独有的胡同文化自然融化起来,使我们对北京胡同文化和那世世代代居住在这里的北京人的文化心态有了了如些生动、深刻的理解。
读完这篇文化式散文,我们仿佛喝下了一碗风味独特的北京大碗茶,让人神清气爽,齿颊留香,回味无穷。下面,我们来看看,课文的语言有什么特色?
(1)提问:课文在语言方面有什么特色?请举例分析。
明确:“虾米熬白菜,嘿!”
“睡不着,别烦躁,别起急,眯着北京人,真有你的!”
“西风残照,衰草离披,满目荒凉,毫无生气”
语言特点:朴实、雅致,自成风格,富有表现力。
例:院落毗连,炊烟袅袅,引车卖浆,熙来攘往。
小街横贯,深巷悠悠,窗明几净,老树参天。
仿写:笔架山。长廊、小路、杨柳。
请任选一种文化形式(如服饰文化、饮食文化等),在周记上写一篇文章。
胡同文化教案ppt 胡同文化教案一等奖篇三
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胡同文化教案ppt 胡同文化教案一等奖篇六
■教学目标:
1、理解胡同文化的内涵,探究胡同文化后面深刻的历史背景。
2、品味平淡、朴素、口语化而极富表现力的语言特点。【重点】
3、体会作者对胡同和胡同文化的复杂感情。【难点】
■教学安排:2课时
■教学步骤和主要内容:
●导语:
文化作为人类社会的现实存在,具有与人类本身同样古老的历史。
笼统地说,文化是一种社会现象,是人们长期创造形成的产物。同时又是一种历史现象,是社会历史的积淀物。
北京的胡同和北京市民密不可分。它记下了北京历史的变迁、时代的风貌,蕴涵着浓郁的地方文化生活气息,是天然的北京民俗风情展览馆,并烙下了北京市民的各种社会生活的印记。
让我们翻开课本,看看著名作家汪曾祺老先生的《胡同文化》告诉了我们一些什么?
●文本探讨:
1、北京胡同的特点:
寻找出课文中叙述、描写胡同特点的词句——
【正】大街、胡同都是正南正北,正东正西。
【俗】胡同的取名,有各种。
【多】有名的胡同三千六,没名的胡同数不清。
【静】这里没有车水马龙,总是安安静静的。
正(方正,整齐);俗(通俗,普通);多(无以计数);静(没有喧哗)。
2、胡同文化的内涵:
先找出点明胡同与文化内在联系的关键句子——
把北京切成一个又一个方快。这种方正不但影响了北京人的生活,也影响了北京人的思想。
胡同、四合院,是北京市民的居住方式,也是北京市民的文化形式。
由此得出结论——北京市民的居住方式、精神面貌、思想状态和言行举止完全可以诠释胡同文化的内涵。
从北京人的特点入手,探究胡同文化的内涵。
从课文中找出表现北京人特点的词句——
【守旧】安土重迁,舍不得挪窝儿,一住住几十年……
【封闭】独门独院,过往不多;
【知足】易于满足,对生活的物质要求不高;
【本分】爱瞧热闹,但是不爱管闲事;安分守己,逆来顺受。
实际上,作者在课文中,已经十分精辟地圈定了胡同文化的内涵——
胡同文化是一种封闭的文化。 【守旧】【封闭】
北京胡同文化的精义是“忍”。【知足】【本分】
3、语言特点赏析:
这是一篇漫谈北京胡同逸闻趣事兼及京城市民文化心态的议论散文,又是一篇将针砭锋芒藏于风趣诙谐的随意谈吐之中的文化随笔。
作者的语言“文字功夫极深,可谓不温不火,炉火纯青”。具体特点是平淡,朴素,带有口语化,极富表现力。
第2自然段对胡同名字的谈论,看似信手拈来,却很典型,具体而实在,除了口语化,还有字里行间的风趣、幽默,让人忍俊不禁。倘若将这些通俗朴素的话语再往深处想想,甚至还可以从中省悟出北京人平静、随和的心态(不就是个地名吗?好记就行,实在不雅,改个谐音,完全不必挖空心思地特意去命名)。
第8自然段中的“嘿”,第11自然段中的那段对话,将北京市民自我陶醉,易于满足和明哲保身的心态刻画得栩栩如生。
4、体会作者对胡同和胡同文化的复杂感情:
作者说:胡同文化是一种封闭的文化。
又说:北京胡同文化的精义是“忍”。是一辈子当顺民的心态。
再说:北京的胡同在衰败,没落。
最后说:再见吧,胡同!
从这些话中,我们已经不难体会作者对胡同和胡同文化的感情,而且作者也肯定“胡同和胡同文化总有一天会消失的”,那我们到底应该如何理解问题中的“复杂”二字呢?
一是不舍。不舍的原因有二:①老人的怀旧——生活在北京大半辈子,胡同文化几十年的耳濡目染,对这些东西已经非常了解,非常熟悉,也非常习惯了。②喜欢胡同文化的精华——作者认同、留恋,甚至推崇胡同文化中的一些精华,譬如知足常乐,随遇而安,安分守己等等,不愿意看到它们的消失。
二是不得不舍。不得不舍的原因是:胡同文化是一种封闭的文化。“各人自扫门前雪,休管他人瓦上霜”的小市民文化终究是消极的,在时代大潮的冲刷下,在衰败,没落,总有一天会消失的。
所以,作者对胡同和胡同文化的感情是复杂的。他既不一味地肯定,也不沉迷,却又为它的正在衰亡多少有点伤感。不过,我们从课文最后一句话“再见吧,胡同!”已经不难体会到作者告别胡同文化的毅然和理智。有点不舍的复杂感情,应该只是希望胡同文化中的那些精华可以传承下来吧。
●拓展研究(略)
学习研究了胡同文化,是否也可以探究一下海派文化——
海派文化的定义;内涵;形成、发展与传承。
海派文化和胡同文化……
■小结和作业
1、强调抓住关键词句,准确体会和品味作者的思想感情。
2、提倡从现实生活中学习民间语言,并运用到自己的写作中去。
3、利用剪报和网络,搜集相关资料,注重积累。
4、完成“思考与练习”。
5、部分同学还可以利用随笔,撰写探究胡同文化历史背景、形成原因和发展变化的小论文。
■教学补充资料:
●汪曾祺:
汪曾祺(1920~1997)现、当代作家。江苏高邮人。1939年考入昆明西南联合大学中文系,深受当年教授写作课的沈从文先生的影响。1940年开始发表小说。1943年大学毕业后在昆明、上海任中学国文教员和历史博物馆职员。1946年起在《文学杂志》、《文艺复兴》和《文艺春秋》上发表《戴车匠》、《复仇》、《绿猫》、《鸡鸭名家》等短篇小说,引起文坛注目。1950年后在北京文联、中国民间文学研究会工作,编辑《北京文艺》和《民间文学》等刊物。1962年调到北京京剧团(后改名北京京剧院)任编剧。著有小说集《邂逅集》、《羊舍的夜晚》、《汪曾祺短篇小说选》、《晚饭花集》、《寂寞与温暖》、《茱萸集》;散文集《蒲桥集》、《塔上随笔》;文学评论集《晚翠文谈》,以及《汪曾祺自选集》等。另有一些京剧剧本。短篇《受戒》和《大淖记事》是他的获奖小说。作品被译成多种文字介绍到国外。他以散文笔调写小说,写出了家乡五行八作的见闻和风物人情、习俗民风,富于地方特色。作品在疏放中透出凝重,于平淡中显现奇崛,情韵灵动淡远,风致清逸秀异。
●胡同:hú tòng巷,小的街道。
●安土重迁:ān tǔ zhòng qiān
【释义】土:乡土;重:看得重,难,不轻易。形容留恋本乡本土,不愿轻易迁移到外地。
【出典】《汉书元帝纪》:“安土重迁,黎民之性;骨肉相附,人情所愿也。”
【示例】自古道:“安土重迁”。说了离乡背井,那一个不怕的。(明冯梦龙《东周列国志》第七十八回)
●《辞海》对“文化”的释义:
从广义来说,指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。从狭义来说,指社会的意识形态,以及与之相适应的制度和组织机构。文化是一种历史现象,每一个社会都有与之相适应的文化,并随着物质生产的发展而发展。作为意识形态的文化,是一定社会的政治和经济的反映,又给予巨大影响和作用于一定的社会和经济。在有阶级的社会中,它具有阶级性。随着民族的产生和发展,文化具有民族性,通过民族形式的发展,形成民族的传统。文化的发展具有历史的连续性,社会物质生产发展的历史连续性是文化发展历史连续性的基础……
●互联网“百度百科”对“文化”的简述(选编):
当代中国社会在使用“文化”概念时一般具有以下三个主要特性:(1)历史性;(2)群体性;(3)影响性。如华夏文化、吴文化、饮食文化、服饰文化等。
笼统地说,文化是一种社会现象,是人们长期创造形成的产物。同时又是一种历史现象,是社会历史的积淀物。确切地说,文化是指一个国家或民族的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、思维方式、价值观念等。
文化的内部结构包括下列几个层次:物态文化、制度文化、行为文化、心态文化。
物态文化层是人类的物质生产活动方式和产品的总和,是可触知的具有物质实体的文化事物。
制度文化层是人类在社会实践中组建的各种社会行为规范。
行为文化层是人际交往中约定俗成的以礼俗、民俗、风俗等形态表现出来的'行为模式。
心态文化层是人类在社会意识活动中孕育出来的价值观念、审美情趣、思维方式等主观因素,相当于通常所说的精神文化、社会意识等概念。这是文化的核心。
中国传统文化的基本精神,从实质上看,就是中华民族的民族精神。