在现在社会，报告的用途越来越大，要注意报告在写作时具有一定的格式。报告的格式和要求是什么样的呢？下面我给大家整理了一些优秀的报告范文，希望能够帮助到大家，我们一起来看一看吧。
桥梁的实训报告篇一
老师组织这次的认识实习，是帮助我们在接受专业的道路桥梁知识之前，对我们所学的专业有一个初步的了解，让我们接触提前接触一些关于道路桥梁方面的知识。增强我们以后学习专业课的积极性。
20xx年4月15日
20xx年4月16日
20xx年4月17日
20xx年4月18日
1.永川建筑工地
2.重庆江北科技馆大桥
3.重庆水利电力技术学院校园道路
4.重庆统景温泉大桥
1、永川建筑工地
永川房屋建筑工地是居住与商业为一体建筑项目，在设计设计目标上坚持高起点、高标准、高品位、标志性的现代化城市居住地。
该工地正在进行基础施工，在施工现场我们通过老师讲解与观察 ，看到房屋基础，我们看到的房屋基础属钢筋混凝基础。
当然房屋基础类型可以分为：
基础的类型 按使用的材料分为：灰土基础、砖基础、毛石基础、混凝土基础、钢筋混凝土基础。 按埋置深度可分为：浅基础、深基础。埋置深度不超过5m者称为浅基础，大于5m者称为深基础。 按受力性能可分为：刚性基础和柔性基础。 按构造形式可分为条形基础、独立基础、满堂基础和桩基础。 条形基础：当建筑物采用砖墙承重时，墙下基础常连续设置，形成通长的条形基础 。
2、重庆江北科技馆大桥
重庆江北科技馆大桥大桥是嘉陵江上建的一座独塔双索面扇形斜拉桥，桥型为独塔双索面扇形斜拉桥，主塔顺桥向采用倒“y”字形，横桥向双柱折线呈“花瓶”式。塔墩固结，梁塔分离。桥梁全长1000米，宽28米，桥两侧各有2米的人行道和2米的拉索区，行车道18米。设计车速为80千米/时，保证交通需求。该桥是临沂市的第一座斜拉桥，它的建成对重庆江北城市防洪、缓解市区交通压力、美化城市环境等具有十分重要的作用。
斜拉桥是由许多直接连接到塔上的钢缆吊起桥面，斜拉桥由索塔、主梁、斜拉索组成。索塔型式有“a”型、倒“y”型、“h”型、独柱，材料有钢和混凝土的。斜拉索布置有单索面、平行双索面、斜索面等。
斜拉桥施工顺序：基础→下塔柱→中塔柱→上塔柱→主梁、拉索。
塔座基础的混凝土浇筑在承台浇筑后立即进行。索塔一般由塔座、塔柱、横梁、塔冠组成。 塔座的混凝土浇筑在承台浇筑后立即进行塔座的混凝土体积小、标号高，砼收缩大，受承台的约束影响，易产生收缩裂缝。
横梁一般采用全支架施工，支架材料可用大直径钢管支撑加贝雷架或万能杆件两种形式。一般采用两次浇注一次张拉工艺。 斜拉桥主梁施工可以采用支架法、悬臂法、顶推法、转体施工法；但主要采用是悬臂施工方法。
3、校内道路
重庆水利电力职业技术学院校园大道，在设计目标上坚持高起点，高标准，高品位，标志性的现代化校园道路。
通过观察与了解，认真观察的我们知道了路面结构其实分为三层：面层、基层和垫层。首先面层位于整个路面结构的最上层。它直接承受行车荷载的垂直力、水平力、以及车身后所产生的真空吸力的反复作用，然后同时还要受到降雨和气温变化的不利影响最大，是最直接地反映路面使用性能的层次。最后大概面层应具有较高的结构强度、刚度和稳定性，并且耐磨、不透水，其表面还应具有良好的抗滑性和平整度。基层位于面层之下，垫层或路基之上。基层主要承受面层传递的车轮垂直力的作用，并把它扩散到垫层和土基，基层还可能受到面层渗水以及地下水的侵蚀。用来修筑基层的材料主要有：水泥、石灰、沥青等稳定土或稳定粒料（如碎石、砂砾），工业废渣稳定土或稳定粒料，各种碎石混合料或天然砂砾。垫层是介于基层与土基之间的层次，在土基处于不良状态时，如潮湿地带、湿软土基、北方地区的冻胀土基等，应该设置垫层，以排除路面、路基中滞留的自由水，确保路面结构处于干燥或中湿状态。垫层主要起隔水（地下水、毛细水）、排水（渗入水）、隔温（防冻胀、翻浆）作用，并传递和扩散由基层传来的荷载应力，保证路基在容许应力范围内工作。
4、重庆统景温泉大桥
重庆统景温泉大桥全长200米，主桥宽14米，引桥宽30米，双车道。重庆统景温泉大桥分别与南、北两岸相接，以确保主干路的畅通。上部结构主桥为五跨异形拱连续梁桥，引桥为30m简支t梁。双车道布置，并设非机动车道和人行道。设计核载为景区－a级，设计车速时速60公里/小时，地震裂度按7度设防，设计洪水频率为百年一遇。主桥横断面宽14m，引桥横断面宽30m，桥梁下部结构为钻孔灌注桩基础，大体积钢筋砼承台及v型桥墩。
重庆统景温泉大桥主桥上部为五跨异型拱连续箱梁结构，单跨最大跨径50米，引桥为30米简支t形梁结构。
在桥梁的设计方面伸缩缝是很重要的一个部分。伸缩缝是因为桥梁跨度大，为避免桥梁修建好后受到外界影响而使桥梁变形开的缝。伸缩缝可有效的保护桥梁免受强烈震动造成很大的损坏，同时在伸缩缝中间的栏杆也是可以左右移动的，这也保护了栏杆在震动时受到损坏。这是桥梁设计中一个必不可少的部分。伸缩缝在平行、垂直于桥梁轴线的两个方向，均能自由伸缩，牢固可靠，车辆行驶过时应平顺、无突跳与噪声；要能防止雨水和垃圾泥土渗入阻塞；安装、检查、养护、消除污物都要简易方便。在设置伸缩缝处，栏杆与桥面铺装都要断开。
5、实习心得与体会（主要是桥梁）
通过这次实习，我们初步了解到了桥梁的分类，可以按用途、跨越障碍、使用材料、按桥面在桥垮结构的不同位置、按桥长、按受力特点分。按受力特点，有梁式桥、拱式桥、悬索桥、斜拉桥、刚构桥和组合体系桥。
梁式桥 以受弯为主的主梁作为主要承重构件的桥梁。主梁可以是实腹梁或者是桁架梁（空腹梁）。实腹梁外形简单，制作、安装、维修都较方便，因此广泛用于中、 小跨径桥梁。但实腹梁在材料利用上不够经济。桁架梁中组成桁架的各杆件基本只承受轴向力，可以较好地利用杆件材料强度，但桁架梁的构造复杂、制造费工，多用于较大跨径桥梁。桁架梁一般用钢材制作，也可用预应力混凝土或钢筋混凝土制作，但用的较少。过去也曾用木材制作桁架梁，因耐久性差，现很少使用。实腹梁主要用钢筋混凝土、预应力混凝土制作，也可以用钢材做成钢钣梁或钢箱梁。实腹梁桥的最早形式是用原木做成的木梁桥和用石材做成的石板桥。由于天然材料本身的尺寸、性能、资源等原因，木桥现在已基本上不采用， 石板桥也只用作小跨人行桥。
拱式桥 用拱作为桥身主要承重结构的桥。拱桥主要承受压力，故可用砖，石，混凝土等抗压性能良好的材料建造。大跨度拱桥则可用钢筋混凝土或钢材建造，可承受发生的力矩。
1.拱的受力特点，拱是一种有推力的结构，它的主要内力是轴向压力。拱在同样荷载作用下，拱脚支座产生水平反力（也叫推力）。它起着抵消荷载引起的弯曲作用，从而减少了拱杆的弯矩峰值。
2.拱的类型。按结构组成和支承方式，拱可分为三铰拱、两铰拱和无铰拱三种。三铰拱为静定结构，两铰拱和无铰拱为超静定结构，工程中较多采用后两种形式。
3.拱的形状越接近合理拱轴线则受力越合理，但是为了施工方便，一般采用圆弧形。
悬索桥 悬索桥是以承受拉力的缆索或链索作为主要承重构件的桥梁，由悬索，索塔，锚碇，吊杆和桥面系等部分组成。基本悬索桥的主要承重构件是悬索，但是它主要承受拉力，一般用抗拉强度高的钢材（钢丝、钢绞线、钢缆等）制作。由于悬索桥可以充分利用材料的强度，并具有用料省、自重轻的特点，因此悬索桥在各种体系桥梁中的跨越能力最大，跨径可以达到1000米以上。
斜拉桥 作为一种拉索体系，比梁式桥的跨越能力更大，是大跨度桥梁的主要桥型。斜拉桥是由许多直接连接到塔上的钢缆吊起桥面，斜拉桥由索塔、主梁、斜拉索组成。索塔型式有a型、倒y型、h型、独柱，材料有钢和混凝土的。斜拉索布置有单索面、平行双索面、斜索面等斜拉桥是将梁用若干根斜拉索拉在塔柱上的桥。它由梁、斜拉索和塔柱三部分组成。斜拉桥是一种自锚式体系，斜拉索的水平力由梁承受、梁除支承在墩台上外，还支承在由塔柱引出的斜拉索上。按梁所用的材料不同可分为钢斜拉桥、结合梁斜拉桥和混凝土梁斜拉桥。
组合体系桥一般主要承重构件采用两种独立结构体系组合而成的桥梁。就像拱和梁的组合、梁和桁架的组合、悬索和梁的组合等。一般组合体系可以是静定结构，也可以是超静定结构。可以是无推力结构，也可以是有推力结构。结构构件可以用同一种材料，也可以用不同的材料制成。常用的结构形式有：1拱、梁组合体系桥2梁、桁架组合体系3索、梁组合体系。
在所看到的桥梁中最让我觉得比较好的是祊河大桥，祊河大桥为五跨异型拱连续箱梁结构，这种结构的桥，施工中有较大的难度，比如说，拱的施工难度。在滨河大道实习时，看到有拉沥青混凝土拌合料的车没有用帆布覆盖拌合料，施工操作中存在许多的误差。还有在祊河大桥是看到伸缩缝内有太多的泥土杂物，没有进行及时的清理。
认识实习道路桥梁工程让我学到了很多关于道路桥梁方面的知识，这对于以后学习专业知识来说是一件很有意义的事；它不仅让我们掌握了一些专业性的概念和术语，也让我们增加了对以后学习专业知识的信心；通过老师的指导和自己上网查找资料，对于道路桥梁我们也有一定的了解，了解到一些桥梁设计的方法！很开心这对于以后我们学习知识或者说是设计桥梁都有很大的帮助。对于桥梁我个人比较倾向于斜拉桥。斜拉桥可以使梁体内弯矩减小，降低建筑物高度，减轻了结构重量，节省材料的优点。
桥梁的实训报告篇二
生产实习是道路桥梁专业学生最基本的实践性教学环节，同学们结合课本学习的知识，带着专业眼光到工地现场、对已建好的大桥和在建的道路桥梁参观，并结合老师或者项目工程师的讲解，进行现场观察、积极思考，主动与现场技术人员交流学习。使学生对桥梁基础、墩台、主梁的施工过程有了直观的、全面的了解；同时，对桥梁施工的方法有进一步清楚的认识；为学生以后工作的顺利奠定基石。
福建省泉州市
6月25日—7月4日
泉州湾跨海大桥洛阳桥
6月28日：泉州湾跨海大桥a5合同段工程二公局预制梁场
6月29日：钢混组合梁斜拉桥50米移动模架施工法
6月30日：洛阳桥
7月1日：大桥局70m阶段预制梁场架桥机阶段悬吊拼装施工工艺和设计报告
泉州湾跨海大桥：
第一部分：工程简介：
又称泉州市环城高速公路三期，工程起于晋江南塘，与泉州市环城高速公路晋江至石狮段相接，在石狮蚶江跨越泉州湾，经惠安秀涂、张坂，终于塔埔，与泉州市环城高速公路南惠支线相接。
全长26.676km，其中泉州湾跨海大桥12.455km，两岸接线14.221km。公路等级为公路一级，高速公路，设计时速100公里/小时；桥梁结构设计基准期：100年；全线设置分离式立交2座：蚶江互通立交和秀涂互通立交；蚶江～秀涂互通路段为双向八车道，其余为双向六车道；主桥为双塔分幅组合梁斜拉桥（桥跨布置：70+130+400+130+70=800m），项目总投资69.23亿元。
第二部分：主桥部分
斜拉桥主要由主梁、桥塔和斜拉索三大部分组成。
1、主塔为三柱式门形塔，往返车道为4车道，双向分离；中间桥塔锚固两侧主梁；上面有横梁构成门形塔，增强横向稳定性；桥梁体系为半漂浮体系，主梁在塔墩处设有支座，接近于跨度内具有弹性支承的三跨连续梁。
主塔采用爬模施工;爬模法施工是用一段模板带爬架一起固定在下段已浇混凝土的主体上,浇上段混凝土,待新浇的混凝土达到适当强度后拆模,连爬架一起提升到上段混凝土顶部固定,循环操作,直至柱顶.这种施工方法机械化程度较高,可缩短工期,提升较稳,混凝土质量较易保证.
2、主梁截面为分幅叠合梁,幅宽窄，制造、运输和安装方面较优，造价亦较低，尤其是桥面铺装与混凝土结构相同，避免了钢桥面铺装的问题，是现代斜拉桥中经常采用的截面形式,它具有良好的抗弯与抗扭刚度；其两侧为三角形封闭箱,端部加厚以便锚固拉索,外缘做成风嘴状,以减少迎风阻力。主梁采用节段拼装和干拼工艺，干拼工艺施工只需干拼面环氧胶结硬即可，不超过24小时，因此缩短了海上作业时间。
主桥施工：
①组合梁利用浮船运至桥位，桥面吊机对称起吊，调整至监控指令标高，
干拼缝满涂环氧胶，张拉临时预应力，钢梁临时连接后先栓后焊，焊接顺
先腹板后底板，张拉体内束及拉索一张;
②吊机前移，就位后第二次张拉该梁段纵向悬臂预应力粗钢筋和斜拉索。
③驳船就位，吊装下一梁段。
3、斜拉索是由若干根钢丝，平行并拢、扎紧、外包热挤pe橡胶，并进行张拉。其特点是弹性模量、疲劳强度高，可充分适应设计要求，但其防腐与安装较为繁琐。平行钢丝索挠曲性能好，可以盘绕，具备长途运输的条件，质量易于保证。通常钢丝索配用镦头锚或冷铸锚。
主桥斜拉索锚固：
斜拉索在主梁上采用锚拉板构造锚固，采用梁上锚固的方式，一是便于施工，如果锚固在桥下，需要搭建施工平台，如果，锚固在箱梁内部，施工不便。二是便于后期维护和换索。在索塔上采用钢锚梁构造锚固，张拉端设置在塔端。
6、桥梁的耐久性措施：
1、主桥承台底面采用外加电流阴极保护措施。
2、引桥承台侧面和底面使用直径φ8间距10cm×10cm不锈钢钢筋网片，网片净保护层厚度为5cm，网片与内部普通钢筋绝缘处理。普通钢筋的净保护层15cm。
3、浪溅区以下墩身表面、墩身及现浇箱梁施工缝两侧各30cm范围内、承台顶面采用有机硅烷涂装。
4、浪溅区以下墩身混凝土掺加复合氨基醇类多功能活性钢筋阻锈剂。
5、外露金属构件采用防腐涂装。
7、斜拉桥减少风震的措施：
1、阻尼减振法，阻尼减振法是在拉索上设置阻尼支点，以用来减弱桥梁的震动。
2、气动控制法，将光滑的拉索做成具有螺旋凸纹、条形凸纹、圆形凹点、条纹凹纹等形式通过提高拉索表面的粗糙度，有效地减小风振的影响。
3、磁流变减振法，是用磁流变阻尼器取代油阻尼器，来实现斜拉桥的“风雨振”问题。
第三部分：引桥部分
1、引桥桥墩与支座
引桥桥墩全部采用花瓶型桥墩，主要出去美观考虑，自然这种曲线型桥墩，会给钢筋骨架的绑扎，模板的制作带来不便。一定程度上增加造价；桥墩作为承压构件，必须满足强度，稳定性验算；桥墩上部连接横梁，增加桥墩的整体稳定性，抵消横向水平推力。引桥两个桥墩上部的支座也不一致，有些限制横向和纵向两个方向的位移，有些支座只限制横向的位移，还有些支座两个方向的位移都不限制，这是根据桥墩在几跨一联的具体位置决定的。
2、透水模板布：
混凝土透水模板布是一种应用于建筑工程的新型建筑材料，它不仅能消除混凝土表面的气泡、砂线、砂斑等混凝土质量通病，从而使混凝土形成致密表面，提高混凝土表观质量；而且能进一步提高混凝土性能，改善混凝土耐久性，提高混凝土耐磨性、抗冻性、和表面抗拉强度。混凝土透水模板布的应用无疑为提高工程质量提供了一种新工艺。
透水模板布的施工流程：透水模板布表面除锈—模板布的裁剪—喷涂模板胶--粘贴模板布--浇筑前保养
混凝土透水模板布的工作原理：浇注混凝土后，在混凝土内部压力、混凝土透水模板布的毛细作用及震捣棒等共同作用下，混凝土中的气泡以及部分游离的水分由混凝土内部向表面迁移，并可通过混凝土透水模板布中间层排出，
模板布的优点：
提高混凝土表面强度2、减少混凝土表面沙眼3增加混凝土表面美观4、提高混凝土化学腐蚀能力5、减少混凝土裂缝。6、延长混凝土构件使用寿命7降低混凝土构件的修补成本
桥梁的实训报告篇三
类 别： 生产实习 别： 交通工程系 业： 学 号： 姓 名： 教 师：
目 录
一、实习目的................................................................................................................... 2
二、实习要求................................................................................................................... 3
三、实习内容................................................................................................................... 4
四、实习结果................................................................................................................. 13
五、实习总结................................................................................................................. 15
一、 实习目的
生产实习是教学计划中重要的实践性教学环节之一，通过生产实习可是学生加深道路桥梁工程实际情况的认识，灵活运用所学施工和路基路面工程的理论认识，将所学知识理论联系实际，培养社会交际能力和社会实务能力，而不只拘泥于校园生活，为今后的毕业实习、毕业设计参加工作奠定基础。
二、实习要求
1认真按时完成实习指导人员和指导教师布置的实习和调研工作；
2每天写好实习日记，记录施工情况、心得体会、革新建议等；
3对组织的专业参观、专业报告都要详细记录并加以整理；
4实习结束前写好实习报告，对政治思想和业务收获进行全面总结；
5对实习指导人员和指导教师布置的“专题作业”要及时完成并写出报告；
6利用业余时间，结合本工地或本地区自选专题进行社会调查，写出报告。
桥梁的实训报告篇四
根据道路桥梁与渡河工程专业教学计划，20xx学年第二学期第1～2周安排道路施工实习。该实习是教学计划中重要的实践性教学环节之一。通过实习可使学生加深对道路、桥梁工程实际情况的认识，掌握道路工程、桥梁工程的施工过程和施工工艺，为今后进行的进行毕业实习、毕业设计、参加工作奠定基础。
实习地点的选择是学生完成实习任务的重要条件之一，是顺利开展实习工作的前提。因此学生必须把这项工作当做大事来做。
①按实习大纲要求选择确定实习单位和实习项目。
②选择实习项目时应注意工程进度的情况，尽可能地选择在工程进度处于路基开挖、路基压实、路面摊铺压实等，尽可能地选择在工程进度处于施工的高峰期。
③选择的工程项目必须是一个大、中型道路桥梁施工企业(可选用高速公路、一级、二级公路或城市主干道)。
④其余学生由教师组织在平顶山路桥工地集中实习。
实习成果报告是学生对实习工作的全面总结、综合反映了学生在实习中掌握生产实践知识的广度和深度及对工程实际问题的分析、归纳、创新的能力，也是综合评定实习的主要依据。实习成果报告由实习日志、实习总结报告、项目施工组织设计、专题调研报告等组成，撰写整理时应满足以下要求：
①实习日志
从实习的第一天开始直到实习结束的最后一天为止，逐日记录，不得间断、后补。实习第一篇日志必须详细记录实习动员会的内容及接受安全教育(包括学校及工地的安全教育)的情况。
记录见闻和劳动情况，出现的问题和收获体会，摘抄必要技术资料，生产会议记录及施工关键部位建筑结构的处理方法，工程质量要求等其它记实习总结或体会
在实习期间通过理论联系实际，不断的学习和总结经验，巩固了所学的知识，提高了处理实际问题的能力，为毕业设计的顺利进行总结了经验。实习中的感悟首先，毕业实习的顺利进行得益于扎实的专业知识。用人单位在招聘员工的第一要看的就是你的专业技能是否过硬。我们学校以前;有一同过去的几位应聘者中有来自不同学校的同学有一部分同学就是因为在专业知识的掌握上比别人逊色一点而落眩因为对于用人单位来说如果一个人有过硬的专业知识，他在这个特定的岗位上就会很快的得心应手，从而减少了用人单位要花很大的力气来培训一个员工。
在工作中要有良好的学习能力，要有一套学习知识的系统，遇到问题自己能通过相关途径自行解决能力。因为在工作中遇到问题各种各样，并不是每一种情况都能把握。在这个时候要想把工作做好一定要有良好的学习能力，通过不断的学习从而掌握相应技术，来解决工来中遇到的每一个问题。这样的学习能力，一方面来自向师傅们的学习，向工作经验丰富的人学习。另一方面就是自学的能力，在没有另人帮助的情况下自己也能通过努力，寻找相关途径来解决问题。例如，在这次实习中，我看到在基层水泥稳定碎石上每隔一段就会有一道横断面全截缝，通过问工地的师傅张工，我得到了答案。原来是因为沥青混凝土面层和水泥稳定碎石基层的刚度不同，在受热膨胀后，伸缩量不同。如果没有截缝会导致面层膨胀鼓包。还有就是，在施工中我对沥青混凝土路面的拌合、运输、摊铺的施工温度不是很清楚，在休息时间就查阅规范，找到了相关内容。在实践中和理论中的这种学习让我受益匪浅。
良好的人际关系是我们顺利工作的保障。在工作之中不只是同技术、同设备打交道，更重要的是同人的交往。所以一定要掌握好同事之间的交往原则和社交礼仪。这也是我们平时要注意的。和谐的人际关系，能为顺利工作创造了良好的人际氛围。例如：缺乏实践经验，缺乏对相关技能知识的标准掌握等。所在我常提醒自己一定不要怕苦怕累，在掌握扎实的理论知识的同时加强实践，做到理论联系实际。另一方面要不断的加强学习，学习新知识、新技术更好的为人民服务。通过这次毕业实习，把自己在学校学习的到理论知识运用到社会的实践中去。一方面巩固所学知识，提高处理实际问题的能力。
桥梁的实训报告篇五
经过基础工程、桥涵水文、桥梁工程、桥梁检测与加固等系统的专业知识的学习，我从理论上掌握了相当扎实的桥梁工程方面的理论知识。然而所学的知识与认知基本上是以理论为主，缺少与实际相结合的煅炼。这次的桥梁实习的目的是通过实地参观广州市内的几座典型的桥梁与到珠江大桥的施工现场的参观实习，让我们对桥梁施工有一个感性的认识，对书本知识有了一个形象的具体的实物了解。同时，通过现场参观实习，深刻认识了桥梁的外观构造、几何造型以及施工常用设施及施工方法。
这次的桥梁实习我们主要参观了广州大学城旁的跨江桥、珠江大桥、珠江大桥、珠江大桥、珠江大桥与赴珠江大桥的施工现场的参观实习。
大学城旁跨江的两个桥位于广州港快速路，为连续刚构，是广州大学城岛上主要对外交通之一。
珠江大桥是连接广州市与珠海市上主干道跨越广州的一座特大型桥梁。大桥全长3467m，主桥为双塔空间从而密索飘浮体系斜拉桥，全预应力混凝土结构。主跨380m，桥跨组合为70＋91＋380＋91＋70m，主梁为边主梁dp断面，宽达37．7m，桥面设8车道和人行道；通航净高34m，主塔为倒y形，塔高自承台面起计140.3m；拉索采用hdpe热挤护套防护的平行钢丝束。辅助墩双边墩为空心薄壁柔件墩，既充当拉力墩，又作为抗纵向水平推力墩。由于广州、顺德、中山、江门、珠海等地往来的车辆日益增多，广州大桥的建成有效地缓解了广州大桥交通压力。
珠江大桥是广州环城高速路西南环段跨越广州主航道的一座特大型钢管混凝土拱桥。全长1084米，主桥采用三跨连续自锚中承式钢管混凝土拱桥桥型，其主跨以360米一跨跨过广州的主航道。广州大桥分跨为76m＋360m＋76m，桥宽36.5m。边跨、主跨拱脚均固结于拱座，边跨设盆式支座，两边跨端部之间设钢绞线系杆，通过边跨半拱平衡主拱水平推力。主拱肋采用悬链线无铰拱，矢高76.45m，矢跨比1/4.5，拱肋中心距为35.95m，共设置四组“米”字形、两组“k”字形风撑。它跨越广州主副航道、广州岛，气势恢宏，如彩虹飞架，是广州城市建设中的一道亮丽的风景。大桥桥面是双向6车道。广州大桥于1998年7月动工，20xx年6月建成。当时共创下4项全国乃至世界第一：大桥跨度第一，主跨达到360米，为当时世界钢管混凝土拱桥中主跨度最长的；大桥平转转体每侧重量达13680吨，不仅居国内第一，也是世界同类型中第一座万吨转体桥梁；竖转加平转相结合的施工方法世界领先；大桥极限承载力和抗风力国内领先。
珠江大桥位于广州市广州区与广州区之间的广州沥滘航道上，是广州市区连接广州的交通要道。该桥全长1916米，宽15.5米。主桥长480米，双向四车道，于1984年10月动工，1988年建成通车，北端连接广州大道，南端连接105国道。广州大桥向来都是广州市民谈论的重点，主要是源于大桥的收费之争议与交通的堵塞。20广州年7月1日，珠江大桥取消收费。作为中国第一批实行借钱修桥、收费还贷的项目，广州大桥自1988年正式通车至今，17年间，收费未断，争议不止。收费的争议虽说已告了一段落，然而广州大桥作为广州最著名的塞车点之一的现实切依然不变。我们在参观广州大桥时，正值下班高峰，堵塞的车龙排得很长。由于广州大桥长时期地超负荷的交通量，加剧了桥梁老化。前不久在桥北往南方向靠近下桥位一处伸缩带数条钢筋发生断裂，路面的混凝土块破碎浮起。
珠江大桥位于广州快速路上，跨越广州主航道，主桥长1082m，主拱为428米，两边拱均为177米，是三跨连续钢架拱桥。大桥宽37.62米，双向六车道，通航净高为34米。广州大桥的桥梁造型与景观功能都具有世界一流水平，既有完善的交通功能，又具有较高的艺术观赏性及美学价值的大桥，具有本身的结构美和造型美，桥型与周边环境协调一致。该大桥拱部曲线优美轻柔，梁部直线刚劲挺拔，构成飞雁式三跨中承拱桥。桥的动势，赋予了桥的生命力，桥的整体恰似一支从广州腾飞而起的大雁，象征着广州的发展腾飞。广州大桥受力特点：结构受力体系为先简支到后连续转换，技术上有重大创新和突破；在广州大桥的施工过程中，大段整体提升法、大江大河内的深水围堰、钢-混凝土组合桩、高性能混凝土等新工艺、新技术正在施工中得到运用。其中运用的深水围堰为目前国内大江大河最大的深水围堰；运用的大段整体提升法为国内首创，最大提升段达3000余吨，提升高度80余米，开国内桥梁建设应用此类工艺施工先河。此外，广州大桥还在广州市首创了“人行道外置”的建设方式,将人行道设在钢桁架以外，相当独特。这是我国，也是世界上第一座由钢拱与v型钢构组合而成的飞雁式三跨中承式拱桥，其优美独特的造型成为广州的标志之一。
赴珠江大桥的施工现场的.参观实习，是本次桥梁实习收获最多的地方。去参观当天，阴、多云、微风、灰霾笼罩。
通过技术人员的讲解与及现场参观，我对珠江大桥的概况及其施工有了一定的了解。同时也被现场大桥那种气势恢宏的魄力所震憾。我们的参观地点主要是南汊的悬索桥与及在桥面上看mzs62.5上行式移动模架造桥机。
珠江大桥概算金额为26.77亿元，该桥长达7049米，由北引桥、北汊桥、中引桥、南汊桥、南引桥五部分组成。该桥采用悬索桥与斜拉桥结合的方式，以江心大洲岛为落脚点，将大桥分为南北两汊。南汊悬索桥主跨1108米，跨度全省第一。北汊桥为主跨383米的独塔钢箱梁斜拉桥，主塔高达226.14米，相当于80层楼的高度，排名全国第二。大桥主跨通航净高60米，可以保证5万吨海船通过。
珠江大桥s07标段的桥墩墩柱的特点：柱高27～55米，跨度45米和62.5米两种，桥墩厚为2.5米和3米两种。墩顶与梁的连接有支座和刚构两种。且该地区雨季长，风速大，桥面宽，桥型为双幅连续梁，因此设计有前后导梁的上行式移动模架和下式移动模架来施工其上部结构，有利于施工的顺利完成。移动模架造桥机实际上是一个可移动混凝土工厂，把桥梁上部结构的预制变为在桥墩原位现浇，减少了混凝土预制需要的大批场地及预制梁的架设工作，对大吨位大跨度桥梁的施工极为有利。
mzs62.5上行式移动模架造桥机，是现行为止全国最大的移动模架造桥机。它由主框架系统、支承系统、吊架及梯子平台、模板系统、起吊装置等组成。工作时，整个模床由前后两个支承机构支承，通过支承立柱把模架支撑在桥墩墩顶上，而临时支承机构支承在已浇桥面上，可保证浇注的混凝土与已浇梁断面的有效对接。使用起吊装置和前支腿，可有效、快速实现立柱和支承机构的转运与安装，同时也可实现从地面吊装物品至桥面。整机配有液压系统和电气系统，实现脱模及模床调整的自动化。另外还装有大风报警仪及对讲扩音系统、急停开关等安全设施，有效地保证造桥机的安全与高效。具现场的专业技术人员的介绍，此移动模架造桥机浇注一片梁的施工周期仅为17天，从而大大保证了施工进度。我们去参观时，最后一片62.5米的梁已浇注好，正在进行mzs62.5上行式移动模架造桥机的拆除作业。在拆除作业时，要注意桥面的局部受力，因为此设备的某些部位已达到或超过挂车120的桥面受力设计，如果不注意受力分析，就会可能导致桥面的局部破坏。
广州东二环高速公路，是国道主干线京珠高速公路（粤境段）最后一段尚未贯通的工程。而珠江大桥，则是广州东二环的控制性工程。如今，被誉为“华南第一桥”的珠江大桥全线正式合龙。预计今年国庆前通车。
在匆忙的学习参观中，时间过得特别快，为期一周的桥梁实习已结束。在这次的桥梁实习中，通过实地参观广州市内的几座典型的桥梁与到珠江大桥的施工现场的参观实习，使我对桥梁施工有一个感性的认识，对书本知识有了一个形象的具体的实物了解。同时，通过现场参观实习，我知道了桥梁施工建设的严谨性，深刻认识了桥梁的外观构造、几何造型以及施工常用设施及施工方法，为以后走上工作岗位打下一个良好的基础。
桥梁的实训报告篇六
实习地点：淮南及其周边地区，合肥市
实习时间：6.12-6.22
实习学生:**/04土木-7班
贯彻理论联系实际的原则，使学生到施工现场或管理部门去学习生产技术和管理知识。施工实习不仅对学生能否在实践中演习知识技能的一种训练，也是对学生的敬业精神、劳动纪委和职业道德的综合检验。
土木工程的学习，不仅要注意知识的积累，更应该注意能力的培养，为此，学校为让大家对本专业有更好的认识，在我们大二的期末，组织一次外出实习，好让大家可以将平时在课堂上学到的东西联系到实际当中。
进入路桥专业已经一学期，可对这个专业并不十分解，现在终于有机会可以对这个专业有个较全面的认识，我们感到十分的开心。
认识实习是土木工程教学计划中第一个实践性教学环节，其对本土学生建立正确的专业思想，树立正确的专业知识学习态度有极其重要的影响作用。
实习分两部分：参观实验室模型，工地，各种建筑和路桥；听讲座。
6月12日上午7：30，我们土木6、7、8三个班到校本部开实习动员会，两位老师对实习的安排作详细的说明。由于大家对本部的情况不是很解，所以我们好多同学都迟到。还好，老师没有批评我们，这让我原本因为第一次实习而紧张的心情有很大的转变，给我们介绍实习内容的是一个上个年纪的教授，虽然岁月的皱纹已经出现在他的脸上，可是他的声音却依然铿锵有力，通过他的介绍我们知道实习的有关时间（6月12至6月23号）目的（加强理论与实践的联系）地点（大部分是在淮南本市，个别是去别的地方）以及实习期间我们所应该完成的一些任务（仔细观察各种建筑的结构和构造，每天都要写一篇日记）。在这之后他有强调实习中应注意的安全问题，以前我们学校就有过因为实习期间不注意安全而出现事故的例子，所以他在说这话的时候用很严肃的语气。因为是认识实习，我们的专业知识肯定不够应付实习中所遇到的一些问题，有鉴于此，老师建议我们在实习前先去图书馆借阅有关书籍，在实习期间以便弄懂和加深对实习时遇到的不明白的地方的理解
老师还交代一下实习中的注意事项。我们要遵守实习规定的时间，按时到达和按时回来。我们要团结和互相帮助，这样我们的实习一定会顺利的完成。并且在每天的实习之后我们还要写一篇不低于200字的实习日记，记录每天的实习所得，也算是心情日记吧。
实习日期：xx年6月13日
实习目的：测定地市道路的交通量
实习地点：森都国际大酒店路口东西方向
组员：程乾，刘月，徐亮，代小明，张勇
我们6月13号的任务是测道路交通量。我们班的学生分成三个实习小组，每组平均10个人。上午九点左右，我所在的实习小组从宿舍出发，到达森都国际大酒店路口。虽然我们这组的人员比较少，可是我们还是各自分配任务，一个人负责记录从东往西的汽车的数量，一个人负责记录从西往东的汽车的数量，其他两个人分别负责自行车数量的测定和摩托车数量的记录。
分好之后我们就开始测量，我负责的是统计单位时间里汽车的数量，不知不觉的半个小时就过去，它让很多车辆从我们眼前驶过，同时也让我们想要得到的数据出现在我们的记录纸上。数据如下：自行车：161辆，其中由北向南68辆，由南向北的有93辆
摩托车：98辆，其中由北向南49辆，由南向北的有49辆
汽车：546辆，其中由北向南303辆，由南向北的有243辆
回到宿舍之后我们又对数据进行分析：自行车的流量（一小时）s=2*161=312辆/h，其中由北向南s1=68*2=136辆/1h，由南向北的有s2=93*2=186辆/1h；摩托车每小时流量：m=98*2=196辆/h，其中由北向南m1=49*2=98辆/h，由南向北的有m2=49*2=98辆/h；汽车每小时的流量：n=546*2=1092辆/h，其中由北向南n1=303*2=606辆/h，由南向北的有n2=243*2=486辆/h。
感觉还是不错的，虽然天很热，但是我们还是坚持下来，这使我们对接下来的实习更有信心！
实习日期：xx年6月14日
实习目的：参观本部实验室路桥模型
实习地点：本部土木工程系实验室
组员：程乾，刘月，徐亮，代小明，张勇
在与具体的路和桥建筑接触之前，老师安排我们进行一次各类路、桥模型的参观，当各类桥的模型展现在我们面前时，老师一边给我们讲解，一边拿起相应的模型给我们看，以前只是大概知道桥的一些构造，但今天从老师的讲解中我们知道更详细的情况：桥梁工程是土木工程中的一个分支，它与房屋建筑工程一样，也是用砖石、木、混凝土、钢筋混凝土和各种金属材料建造的结构工程。桥梁按其受力特点和结构体系分为：梁式桥、拱式桥、刚架桥、吊桥、组合体系桥，吊索桥、斜拉桥等。按照桥的用途、大小模型和建筑材料等方面，桥梁又分为：
（1）按用途分类公路桥、铁路桥、公路铁路桥、农用桥、人行桥、运水桥、专用桥梁。
（2）按照桥梁全长和主跨径的不同分类特大桥（多孔桥全长大于500m，单孔桥全长大于100m）、大桥（多孔桥全长小于500m，大于100m，单孔桥全长大于40m，小于100m）、中桥（多孔桥全长小于100m，大于30m；单孔桥全长小于40m，大于20m）和小桥（多孔桥全长小于30m,大于80m;单孔桥全长小于20m，大于5m)。
（3）按照桥梁主要承重结构所用的材料分类垢工桥、钢筋混凝土桥、钢桥、木桥（易腐蚀，且资源有限，除临时用外，一般不宜的采用）等
（4）按照跨越障碍的性质分类跨河桥、跨线桥、高架桥和栈桥等。
（5）按照上部结构的行车道位置分为：上承载式桥、中承载式桥、下承载式桥。为更深的让我们解桥梁老师也把桥的组成介绍给我们听：桥梁的支撑结构为桥墩与桥台。桥台是桥梁两端桥头的支承结构，是道路与桥梁的连接点。桥墩是多跨桥的中间支承结构年，桥台和桥墩都是有台（墩）帽、台（墩）身和基础组成。
看完桥梁模型之后，我们又来到道路的设计示意图前面：我国公路等级按照其使用功能分为高速公路、一级公路、二级公路、三级公路、四级公路五个等级。另外，按照公路的位置以及在国民经济中的地位和运输特点的行政管理体系分类为：国道、省道、县道、乡（镇）道及专用公路几种。
公路的结构建设：路基建设、路面建设、公路排水构筑物建设、公路特殊构筑物、公路沿线附属结构建设。
实习日期：xx年6月15日
实习目的：参观淮南淮河大桥及凤台毛集淮河大桥
实习地点：淮南淮河大桥、凤台毛集淮河大桥
组员：程乾，刘月，徐亮，代小明，张勇
早上5：50的时候全班的同学不约而同的集中到校门口，大约6：30的时候三辆客车缓缓而来，车还没停稳，人家便蜂涌而入，各自找好自己的座位。
7：10分的时候我们到达今天的第一站：淮南淮河大桥。
淮南淮河大桥素有长淮第一桥之称。其位于潘集区平圩镇东南端，是淮河上最长的铁路、公路两用桥。淮南淮河大桥由国家投资，铁道部大桥局第四工程处施工，公路桥面沥青摊铺由市政工程公司施工。大桥由市淮河大桥工程指挥部负责工程建设，1977年7月开工，1980年10月完成铁路桥工程，并试车行驶成功。1982年7月公路桥建成通车。
铁路桥正桥6孔，孔长96米，桥面铺设双轨，南端引桥61孔，北端引桥26孔，每孔跨径32.7米，全长3428.5米。河面主桥6跨，长579.6米，公路桥面至地面垂直距离38米。上层公路桥引桥南有61孔，北有19孔，每孔跨径32.7米，全长3195.7米，桥面宽14米，其中行车道宽11米，两侧人行道各宽1.5米。主桥正交南岸引线岔下游，北岸引线岔上游，各位于半径250米曲线，正桥平坡桥头引线3%。正桥均为钻孔灌注桩基础，预应力钢筋混泥土桥墩，桥墩直径1.25米，水中桥墩下到新鲜岩石层，最深达38米，是一座永久性特大桥。
在大约8：30的时候我们到达今天的第二站：凤台毛集淮河大桥。
凤台淮河公路大桥位于102省道上，该桥建于1990年，桥型为连续弥应力斜拉桥。全长759米，共分15孔，其中主桥长452米，引桥长307米，最大主跨为224米，桥面宽20米，其中行车道宽15米，两侧人行道各宽2.5米。是淮河南北的交通要道，也是历史上的兵家必争之地。
实习日期：xx年6月16日
实习目的：参观毛集合阜公路大桥施工现场，解桥梁施工的一般步骤及施工中的注意事项，混凝土结构等
实习地点：毛集合阜公路大桥施工现场
组员：程乾，刘月，徐亮，代小明，张勇
今天的实习第一次与施工接触，参观的是合淮阜高速路的淮南段施工现场，到之后，有此工程的项目经理带我们参观。今天参观合淮阜高速路的第八和第九路段。项目经理一边带我们往施工现场走去，一边给我们介绍有关的工程情况。
[合淮阜高速路第八合同段]位于淮南市毛集区夏集乡全长14.333km起讫桩号k60+500—k74+832.5设计标准：全封闭，全立交；双道向四车道，高速公路。路基宽28米，主要工程量：路基土矿258.893立方米，大中桥227.12米（共4座）小桥120.9米（共4座）分离立交桥1306.77米（共7座），通道25道，涵洞42道，互通立交1处，合同期14个月。
果然是很长，一开始所有同学还都可以跟的上，后来有的同学就觉得路线太长不愿意走。好不容易参观完这一路段正准备回去，老师突然向那个经理提出要去另一段参观的要求，经理说“那在三公里以外呢！”“没事，去看看”老师说道，就这样我们又马不停蹄地前往第九合同段参观。
[合淮阜高速路第酒合同段]是淮河特大一号桥。位于淮河北岸，全长3773米，起讫桩号k74+832.5—k78+565.5。设计标准：全封闭，全立交；双道向四车道，高速公路。主要工程量：桩基498根，露台系梁68个，墩桩448根，盖梁224道，预制箱864片，混凝土总量为999111.21立方米，工期为17个月。
“银路奖”和铁道部优质工程一等奖。还被评为合肥市十大名胜景观之一“五里飞虹”。
五里墩立交桥位于合肥市区西部，在长江西路、屯溪路、合作化路的会合处，距离市中心2.6公里，是安徽省第一座高标准公路立交桥，成为合肥市一环路上的壮丽景观。1995年6月开工，1996年6月20号竣工。这座立交桥分地上三层．地下一层，桥梁面积4万平方米，占地8.9公顷。为双“y”定向式加环型匝道的四层互通式立交，分五个交叉道向四周幅射，解决17个流向的交通。道路累计全长9536.4米（其中桥长3886.14米）。设计总路线17条（5个路口），各类道路总面积145300平方米。最高一层的高梁桥，距底层路面高达21米，长11oo多米，桥梁全长3886m。五里墩立交桥配套建设园林绿化工程，绿化面积达5万平方米。桥心区由四块游园绿地组成，其中1号、4号绿地为开放式游园，绿地上铺草坪，内有喷泉、金字塔等，2、3号为封闭绿地，有金叶女贞，红叶小桀等组成“s”形曲线。整座桥梁设计新颖高雅，造型美观流畅，功能合理完善，气势雄伟壮观。整个桥梁纵横交接，四通八达如十几条巨龙翻江倒海，给人以美的动感。五里墩立交桥投资2亿多元。
1995年6月开工，1996年6越20竣工，立交桥占地15公顷，为双y足向式加环型匝道的死层互通式立交桥，共有17条匝道，机动车道全长9.78公里，面积10.4万平方米。桥梁全长3886m，面积4.16万平方米，五里墩立交桥配套建设园林绿化工程，绿化面积达5万平方米。桥心区由四块游园绿地组成，其中1号、4号绿地为开放式游园，绿地上铺草坪，内有喷泉、金字塔等，2、3号为封闭绿地，有金叶女贞，红叶小桀等组成“s”形曲线。
实习日期：xx年6月19日
实习目的：聆听中国工程院院士钱七虎关于“开发地下空间，建设资源节约型、环境友好型城市”的报告。
实习地点：校本部九楼报告厅
组员：程乾，刘月，徐亮，代小明，张勇
由于人口、企业等在城市的不断聚集，土地利用的密度不断上升，导致城市发展不快。其结果是，在高密度城区不断扩大的同时，促使地下空间的利用也不断发展，地下空间的用途、范畴不断分化，利用形式也不断增多。城市规模发展得越大，城市功能就越复杂，地下空间利用也就越普及。现代城市只能依靠水、能源、信息供给与处理系统、地铁等地下空间利用设施才能得以存在和发展，而现代城市发展的同时也推动地下空间的利用。城市地下空间利用与城市地面活动的规模与质量存在密切联系，必须保持两者平衡发展。
在高密度城市化的时代，为支持地表、空中的土地利用，出现一些前所未有的多种用途的地下空间利用形式。现在，人们希望形成的是一种在受到土地空间制约时能有效发挥功能的城市地下空间利用体系。人们正在探索城市体系的最佳状态，意在通过修改部分城市规划建设法案与城市区域开发制度，建立一套合理的科学的城市综合开发制度，包括立体交通制度、公共沟制度、地下停车场规划建设与管理制度、集中供热系统建设制度、中心城区再开发制度等因此学校在我们实习的时候给我们请中国工程院的院士钱七虎教授来给我们做一篇关于地下空间的发展和利用的学术报告。报告共分六部分内容，具体如下：
1、地铁。
2、其他设施。燃气管道网络，供水网络，污水排放网络，电力管线，暖气系统，电话信息系统，公共设施管道，人行道网络，停车场，地下购物中心，地下道路等。
1、土地价格昂贵。
2、气候条件。
3、人类对地面的使用。
4、核防护屏障。
1、成本高。越深越高。
2、拆除十分困难等。
1、各国的情况各不相同。
2、在日本，土地所有者拥有空中权和直到地心的地下空间所有权。xx年生效《深层地下空间使用法》。
1、地震。
2、洪水。
3、火灾等。
1、使用深层地下空间多。
2、拆除非常困难。
3、行人更易受到伤害，尤其是老人们。
4、开发娱乐区域的潜力。
由于我国社会城市化的程度和速度越来越高，因此，向地下发展空间显得日益重要，另外一些需要严格保密和高度安全的工程也最好是建在地下。再者一个国家对其地下资源的利用也是表明它综合实力的一个重要部分。总之总之，在城市经济高度发展的今天，不积极开发利用地下空间而想进一步扩大城市中间的空间容量和实用效能是非常困难的。
实习日期：xx年6月20日
实习目的：参观校内北区双桥的施工现场，解一般小型桥梁的施工过程及工程中的注意事项
实习地点：校北区南北桥
组员：程乾，刘月，徐亮，代小明，张勇
6月20日吃过早饭，我们就在楼下等着老师来。今天的任务是参观校园内的南北两座正在修建的桥。
度的表面裂缝，其主要原因是温度梯度造成寒冷地区的温度骤降也容易形成裂缝。因此说混凝土的保温对防止表面早期裂缝尤其重要。从温度应力观点出发，保温应达到下述要求：
1）防止混凝土内外温度差及混凝土表面梯度，防止表面裂缝。
2）防止混凝土超冷，应该尽量设法使混凝土的施工期最低温度不低于混凝土使用期的稳定温度。
3）防止老混凝土过冷，以减少新老混凝土间的约束。混凝土的早期养护，主要目的在于保持适宜的温湿条件，以达到两个方面的效果，一方面使混凝土免受不利温、湿度变形的侵袭，防止有害的冷缩和干缩。一方面使水泥水化作用顺利进行，以期达到设计的强度和抗裂能力。
适宜的温湿度条件是相互关联的。混凝上的保温措施常常也有保湿的效果。从理论上分析，新浇混凝土中所含水分完全可以满足水泥水化的要求而有余。但由于蒸发等原因常引起水分损失，从而推迟或防碍水泥的水化，表面混凝土最容易而且直接受到这种不利影响。因此混凝土浇筑后的最初几天是养护的关键时期，在施工中应切实重视起来。所以在施工时我们要谨慎的处理这些事件，根据不同情况不同处理。
持续两个星期的认识实习就这样结束，两个星期的时间的确不能说是很长，可是它带给我们的却是永远也忘不的经历。
在这两个星期里，我们去过淮河大桥，去过毛集大桥，看过合肥的五里墩大桥，我们知道有关路桥的更多知识，解路和桥的建筑工序和方法，知道路和桥的大体分类，掌握一些实践的知识，所谓实践是检验真理的唯一标准，这次实习是将我们以前所学的知识初步的与实践联系起来，不仅让我们坚信以前所学的知识的正确性，同时也拓展我们的知识面，接触好多有用的新名词、新术语，也为我们明年将要进行的专业课的学习铺下道路。在这短短的两个星期里，我们不仅在知识上更上一曾楼，而且在身体素质和意志力上也有一定的提高，实习期间有下雨天，有高温天气，我们并没有因为这些而不去实习，相反，每天的任务我们都是按时的、保质保量的完成。记得在去毛集参观大桥的时候，天气很热，而偏偏我们所要参观的大桥很长，大热的天没有一个同学嚷着要回去，都是一个个争先恐后的要去看看这座桥的最前段是什么样的，还有就是同学之间的友谊也打破过去狭小的范围，好多平时不怎么说话的同学在这次实习中因为在一个组，所以大家也变得更熟。
总之，在这次实习中，我们的各个方面都有进步，相信这次实习给我们带来的经历一定可以为我们将来的学习和生活提供很大的帮助！
桥梁的实训报告篇七
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