人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文,希望能够帮助到大家,我们一起来看一看吧。
三年级数学说课稿人教版篇一
教材分析
《轴对称图形》这课选自义务教育课程标准实验教科书《数学》三年级下册。教材在编排上从具体到抽象、从感性到理性、从实践到理论,指导学生感知图形的轴对称现象,层次分明,循序渐进。
对称是一种基本的图形变换,包括轴对称、中心对称、平移对称、旋转对称和镜面对称等多种形式。在自然界和日常生活中具有对称性质的事物很多,学生对于对称现象并不陌生。例如,许多艺术作品、建筑设计中都体现了对称的风格。对称的物体给人一种匀称、均衡的美感。
教材从学生熟悉的事物入手,通过形式多样的活动,让学生初步感知生活中的对称现象,进而认识简单的轴对称图形和对称轴,为学生今后进一步探索简单图形的轴对称特性,把握简单图形之间的轴对称关系,以及利用轴对称方法对图形进行变换或设计图案打好基础。教材是按照知识引入——概念教学——知识应用的顺序逐步展开的,体现了知识的形成过程。教材先通过天安门、飞机、奖杯的实物图让学生观察、分析他们的共同特点,引出“对称”的概念。接下来教材将这几样物品抽象为平面图形,引导学生通过对折发现轴对称图形的基本特征,并初步描述了轴对称图形的概念。教材还在图中出现了“对称轴”这一名词,但没有给“对称轴”下定义或作出描述,只是让学生有所认识。
第二道例题则让学生利用刚掌握的轴对称图形的初步知识,“做”出轴对称图形。通过这些活动,帮助学生进一步积累感性认识,丰富对轴对称图形的体验,锻炼学生的实践能力。
“想想做做”中,通过一系列的习题,加深学生对轴对称图形的认识。其中第3题在方格纸上提供一个轴对称图形的一半,要求画出它的另一半,使学生有机会再一次在操作中体会轴对称图形的特征。在“想想做做”后面,还安排了“你知道吗”,介绍自然界中一些对称现象以及世界上一些著名的对称的建筑,以进一步拓展学生的知识视野,帮助学生体会“对称”的科学与美学价值。
学情分析
轴对称现象是学生新接触的一个知识点,这种现象广泛蕴涵在大自然中,学习这部分的知识,要求学生具备观察能力和动手操作能力。
说教学目标
1.知识目标:使学生感知现实世界中普遍存在的轴对称现象。通过观察、操作等活动,自主探求轴对称图形的特征,理解对称轴的含义,感受数学的美。
2.能力目标:在活动中培养学生从具体到抽象,再从抽象回到具体的思维方法。培养观察、操作、表达、思维能力与探索意识,发挥学生的想像力、创造力,激发学生的审美观点,培养学生创造美的能力。
3.情感目标:让学生在实际操作活动中体验学习数学的乐趣,鼓励他们感受美、欣赏美、创造美,感悟数学知识的魅力,激发学生学好数学的欲望。
教学重点:理解轴对称图形的特征
教学难点:掌握辨别轴对称图形的方法
陶行知先生说过这样一句话:“我们要活的书,不要死的书;要真的书,不要假的书;要动的书,不要静的书;要用的书,不要读的书。总起来说,我们要以生活为中心的教学做指导,不要以文字为中心的教科书。”在数学教学中,从生活中学生感兴趣的物体出发,强有力的吸引住了学生,让学生体会数学与生活的紧密联系;为学生创设探究学习的情境;同时根据教材的编排和儿童的心理特点和思维特点,这节课准备采用观察发现,小组讨论,合作学习发现的方法,培养学生的探究能力和合作能力。
新课程标准指出:学生是学习的主体。要让学生成为真正的主人,就必须在数学活动中学习数学,也就是在创造数学中学习数学。本课从具体的学生感兴趣的物体中,让学生自己发现问题,提出问题,体验探索成功的快乐;通过动手操作,小组讨论来解决自己提出的问题;通过有层次的练习,提高学生解决问题的能力,巩固所学知识。
我先从孩子们感兴趣的玩导入,在教师与学生共同玩的过程中拉近我和学生的距离,达到了寓教于乐的目的。
这节课的一开始,我先通过剪出一个“爱心”图,来吸引学生的注意力,激发学生的兴趣,并且也能比较自然地揭示这节课的课题。
接下来,出示例题中的图片,让学生通过仔细观察,并且自己动手折一折,来发现这些物体是对称的,揭示出“完全重合”这样一个概念,使学生初步感知到平面图形的对称性,随后,让学生继续动手折纸,进一步揭示出“轴对称图形”的概念,以及让学生初步了解对称轴。
然后给出一些学生知道的几何图形和其他图形,即课本中的“试一试”,同样采用小组合作,共同探讨的学习方法,来解决问题。这样设计,能充分调动学生的各种感官参与学习,既发挥了学生的解决问题的主动性,又培养了学生的发散思维,同时一定难度的图形判断,让学生在跳一跳的前提下才摘到他要的果实,激发学生爱动脑筋,勇于探索。
学生学习完了“试一试”,此时学生对轴对称图形已经有了不少的认识,这时,就需要一些习题和游戏来巩固前面所学的知识,我安排了“找一找”、“做一做”、“猜一猜”三个环节,“找一找”就是课本中的“想想做做”第一题、第五题和第六题,主要是让学生来判断哪些图形是轴对称图形,这两道题主要是为了让学生进一步的巩固对轴对称图形的认识,能准确地判断出一个图形是不是轴对称图形。“做一做”就是课本中的例题2,让学生自己动手来制作出轴对称图形,给了学生自我表现、自我创造的空间,有利于培养学生积极的学习态度和学数学的亲切感,也有利于培养学生对美的感受能力。“猜一猜”
是在给出轴对称图形的一半的基础上,让学生猜出这个图形的形状。在这一题上是由简到难,层层递进。这既能调动学生的积极性,又能使学生进一步加深对轴对称图形以及对称轴的认识。
最后,我安排了一个“欣赏图片,情感体验”的环节,用课件展示出一系列美丽的轴对称图形,让学生充分地享受这些美丽的轴对称图形带来的视觉上的冲击,感受美、欣赏美。在这节课的最后,我用一个轴对称的汉字——“美”来进行总结,并将课题补充完整,美丽的轴对称图形。
全课设计,力求做到符合学生的认知特点,想方设法创设生动活泼的教学情境,使学生始终处于好奇、好学的学习情绪中,让每一位学生都学有所得,都体会到成功的喜悦。
三年级数学说课稿人教版篇二
今天上午有幸听了王老师的讲课,讲了一节三年级数学上册关于“长方形和正方形周长的计算”的课程,从听课中可以总结出一下几点:
课堂开始王老师以复习长方形和正方形的性质和特点作为铺垫,让学生回顾长方形的对边相等,有四个直角,正方形的四条边相等这些知识,还有就是知道周长的定义,为后面计算周长买下伏笔。
设计了一个十字绣的图,长方形和正方形,让学生计算给十字绣装边框需要多长边框,从而引出问题,开始探究长方形和正方形的周长。
探究新知时候,给出了长方形的长和宽以及正方形的边长,让学生根据刚开始的知识计算出长方形的周长,并小组合作用摆小棒的方法解释方法,让学生明白每种方法的原理,尤其是在推出长方形的周长公式时,通过摆小棒重复解释了公式的含义,学生一目了然。后面用同样的方法推出正方形的周长公式。整个过程教师一直在引导,学生在自主探究,最后总结概况周长公式。
课堂一开始教师就给学生提出了两条课堂的建议,鼓励学生上课积极回答问题。课堂也不是的鼓励和反馈学生的.回答,聆听别人的建议等等。提示长方形周长公式中的小括号时,也没有直接说明,而是间接引起学生的关注,印象深刻。
建议:
1、长方形周长公式中还有一种2个长和2个宽的计算方法也需要给学生渗透一下,为后面的学习提供帮助。
2、练习题的设计跳跃性较大,最后一个题难度较大,建议可以拆分成几个题逐步渗透思想和方法,层层递进,让学生更容易掌握。
三年级数学说课稿人教版篇三
【教学内容】:20xx年新人教版义务教育课程标准实验教科书三年级数学下册第五单元第一课时,书第60—63面。
【教材分析】:面积和面积单位”是在学生初步学习了长度、长度单位、长方形和正方形的特征及其周长的计算的基础上编排的。是本单元知识展开的基础。是学生学习几何知识的突变和飞跃。教材的编写,一方面是让学生充分感知面积的含义,主动探索建立面积的表象,熟练应用面积单位解决生活中的实际问题;另一方面是为本单元后面的而积计算作充分的知识铺垫。
【学情分析】:
学生在此之前。己经建立了长度、长度单位的概念。但是由“长度”概念到“面积”概念。由“长度单位”到“面积单位”知识跨度大,难度高,抽象性也比较强。根据小学中年级学生的年龄特点和认识规律(小学中年级学生思维正处在由具体形象思维向抽象逻辑思维过渡的阶段。他们的思维往往要借助于形象的事物或亲自参与活动作为认识的基础)。本节课设计了直观演示、动手操作、观察比较等一系列教学活动。从学生己有的知识和生活经验出发。调动学生多种感官共同参与教学活动。通过让学生动眼观察、动脑思考、动手操作、自身体验等形式多样的学习活动。让学生在充分感知认识的基础上逐渐向抽象思维过渡。突出重点(初步感知面积的含义。认识常用的面积单位并建立面积单位大小的表象),突破难点(在操作中体会引进统一面积单位的重要性,并建立1平方厘米、1平方分米、1平方米的面积观念)。
【教学目标】
一、知识与技能:理解面积的含义,在主动探究应用中建立1平方厘米、1平方分米、1平方米的面积观念。学习选用观察、重叠、数面积单位,以及估测等方法比较面积的大小,理解引进统一面积单位的重要性。
二、过程与方法:
1.让学生经历在熟悉的事物中由初步感知到抽象概括出面积的意义。体验知识建立形成的过程。
2. 在参与学习的过程中培养学生观察、比较、分析、概括及动手操作能力。发展学生的空间概念。培养学生解决实际问题的能力。
三、情感态度与价值观:
1.选择学生身边的可视可触摸的物体,使学生的感性认识生动形象。体现数学与生活的紧密联系。
2.学生通过观察、比较、操作、表述参与数学活动。体验自主、合作学习知识的乐趣。
【教学重难点】:重点:面积含义的理解和常用面积单位实际大小的概念的形成。
难点:在操作中体会引进统一面积单位的重要性。
【教具准备】:数学书;练习本;要比较面积大小的长方形和正方形卡纸(绿色22.5c*9c,红色13.5c*13.5c),拼摆测量用的正方形卡纸(白色4.5c*4.5c)、圆形卡纸(蓝色直径4.5c)、三角形卡纸(白色:底4.5c*高4.5c)若干;教学1平方厘米和1平方分米用的:紫色1c*1c,紫色10c*10c;学生2人小组合作用的练习纸(上面有与上吻合的长方形、心形、三角形和圆形图样);1平方米的正方形花布一块。
【学具准备】:数学书;练习本;水彩笔;尺子;4人用的大学俱袋装有:要比较面积大小的长方形和正方形卡纸(绿色22.5c*9c,红色13.5c*13.5c),拼摆测量用的正方形卡纸(白色4.5c*4.5c)、圆形卡纸(蓝色直径4.5c)、三角形卡纸(白色:底4.5c*高4.5c)若干;每人用的小学俱袋装有;紫色1c*1c,紫色10c*10c;2人小组合作用的练习纸(上面有与上吻合的长方形、心形、三角形和圆形图样)。
【教学过程】:
一、 激趣导入:
同学们,今天邬老师第一次来给大家上课,作为三年级的小主人,应该用热烈的掌声表示一下对我的欢迎吧!谢谢,大家的掌声很响亮,你们个个都是好客的小主人。
二、合作探究,讲授新课。
1. 摸一摸、看一看、比一比,初步感知面积的大小。
今天的学习就从大家鼓掌的小手开始。我们拍手的时候,两只手碰击的地方就是手掌面,同学们,这是邬老师的手掌面,请你像老师这样摸一摸自己的手掌面。谁愿意举起你的手掌面和邬老师的比一比?这么多同学都愿意呀!同学们看仔细,请问邬老师的手掌面和刚才几位同学的手掌面相比,哪个手掌面大,哪个手掌面小?(师至少点2名同学回答)同学们,你们都是这样认为吗?
现在请同学们拿出数学书,像老师这样有序地摸一摸数学书封面,感受一下数学书封面的大小。请再像老师一样摸一摸数学书的侧面,感受一下数学书侧面的大小。摸好了吗?请再快速地摸一摸你练习本的封面,请问同学们,我们摸的3个面中,哪个面比哪个面大,哪个面比哪个面小?(师边演示边让同学们摸,至少点2名同学回答)
现在请同学们用你亮晶晶的小眼睛观察一下这块黑板的表面,再看一看教室的地面,请问哪个面大,哪个面小?(师点名回答)
那课桌面与大屏幕面相比呢?(师点名回答)
2.揭示物体的面积概念。
师:刚才我们通过摸和看,比较了许多物体的表面,知道了物体的表面是有大有小的,我们就把物体表面的大小叫做他们的面积。(师指着黑板表面)像这里,黑板表面的大小就是黑板表面的面积,手掌面的大小是手掌面的面积,那数学书封面的大小叫什么?(点名说)你还能像这样说说其它物体表面的面积吗?(点名学生说)
师:老师带来了一个脐橙,它的表面面积在哪呢?哪位同学愿意上来摸给大家看?(点名学生上台摸)
师追问:什么叫脐橙的表面面积?(点名说)
3.揭示封闭图形的面积,区分面积和周长。
师:我们知道了物体表面的大小是他们的面积,还有什么有面积呢?请同学们回忆一下我们以前学过哪些平面图形?(点名说)同学们知道的图形真多!
老师这收集了几个平面图形,你能看出这里的长方形和心形相比,谁大谁小吗?(学生回答)同不同意?
那三角形和圆相比,谁大谁小呢?(学生回答)
通过比较,原来这些周围封闭的图形也是有大小的。封闭图形的大小也就是封闭图形的面积。这里可以说,长方形的面积比心形的面积小,心形面积比长方形面积大。那三角形的面积比圆的面积呢?
前面我们知道物体表面的大小是它们的面积,我们又知道了封闭图形的大小也就是封闭图形的面积。这就是我们今天要学习认识的面积。(师板书:面积)
那这些图形的面积具体指哪里呢?你能涂色表示他们的面积吗?下面两人小组合作,请拿出练习纸,两人同时快速地涂色表示图形的面积,看哪组同学涂得又对又快!
师巡视并收集每种图形的涂色作品,全班讲评。
师首先展示长方形和心形面积的涂色表示图:我们来看看这组同学涂色表示的图形面积,这组同学把这整个长方形和心形都涂上了颜色表示他们的面积,跟他们一样涂色的请举手!看看这组同学的,三角形和圆整个图形也都涂上了颜色表示他们的面积?跟他们一样涂色的请举手!老师也同意这两组同学的涂法。请看大屏幕,(然后师在上展示。)老师给这些图形涂上了绿色表示他们的面积,再请同学们仔细看到这些图形,老师用红色线条表示的是这些图形的什么?(点名回答)对,是周长,它是图形一周的长度。看来同学们能够区分图形的面积和周长了!
4.用观察法、重叠法比较面积的大小。
师:请同学们再次观察这些图形,(师手指大屏幕),他们中谁的面积最大?(三角形的面积最大,师多点2到3名同学说)?你们其它同学呢?哦,大家都一致认为三角形面积最大。看来面积相差比较大时可以直接观察出面积的大小。
那请同学们观察一下这两张图形(出示红色和黄色两个面积相差不大的长方形),你觉得哪个面积大?点名学生回答。大家意见不一致,看来,光用眼睛观察是确定不出来的。到底哪个面积大,谁想到了好办法?(点名回答,演示重叠法。)师引出:这位同学很勤于动脑,想到了用这样的重叠方法来比较面积相差不大的图形,是不是所有图形面积的大小都可以直接观察或用重叠的方法比较出来呢?
师:(师举起绿色卡纸和红色卡纸)这两个图形谁能一眼能看出哪个面积大,哪个面积小?那邬老师用重叠的方法试一试(师演示重叠法),能比出哪个面积大,哪个面积小吗?
5.小组合作,用测量法(数面积单位)比较面积的大小,引出统一面积单位的必要性。
用这些方法都不能很确定地比较出他们面积的大小,(有的同学还想到了重叠后切割多余的部分,再重叠比较的方法,在这确实可行,你很会开动动脑,有没有不破坏原有图形,更形象、更直观的方法呢?)老师这有一些学具(师提袋出示):白色正方形、白色三角形和蓝色圆形纸片,如果利用这些图形学具来摆一摆,拼一拼,能否检验出这两个图形面积的大小呢?哪位同学想到怎样摆吗?(师点名说)这位同学说选用一种正方形学具,这张上摆正方形,这张上也摆正方形,再数出摆的个数多的面积就大,有不同意见吗?(点名说)你认为选两种学具,这张上摆三角形,另一张上摆正方形,再数出摆的个数多的面积就大!到底哪种能比较出正确结果呢,选一种还是选两种呢,下面进行4人小组讨论并合作,看哪组能很快讨论合作出正确结果,别着急,讨论合作之前请看清合作要求(师出示合作要求,点一名同学读要求)
小组合作要求:
1.从学具袋中拿出要比较面积的红色和绿色长方形卡纸,再拿出三种学具:白色正方形、白色三角形和蓝色圆形纸片。
2.小组4人商量选定用哪种学具摆,把不用的学具放回学具袋中。
3.分工:每2人摆一个图形,以最快速度摆好。
4.思考讨论出结果:我们这组选用了( )形学具,绿色卡纸上摆了( )个,红色卡纸上摆了( )个,所以( )色卡纸面积大。
同学们,看清要求了吗?好,开始吧!
看哪组摆得又好又快,能很快得出正确结果!
师巡视小组探究情况,并做指导!
师问:哪组同学愿意根据大屏幕上第四条要求说一说自己组是怎样摆的,结果是谁的面积大?
师根据汇报结果贴出摆的图形。
(用正方形测量的:绿色卡纸摆了10个正方形,红色卡纸上摆了9个正方形,所以绿色卡纸面积大。用圆形测量的:绿色卡纸大约摆了10个圆形,红色卡纸上大约摆了9个圆形,所以大致比较出绿色卡纸面积大。用三方形测量的:绿色卡纸可以摆20个正方形,红色卡纸可以摆18个正方形,所以绿色卡纸面积大。)
师问:有哪组同学选用两种学具摆的?像这样,红色卡纸上可以摆18个三角形,绿色卡纸上摆10个正方形,得出结果是可以摆18个三角形的红色卡纸面积大,你们同意吗?请你说说为什么?
生回答原因后师追问:在选用学具测量比较两个图形面积大小时,我们要注意什么?
生得出:要选用一样的学具来摆,这样才能比较出两个图形的大小。
师再请同学们看到大屏幕(出示图):大家想一想,是拼摆了6个正方形的图形面积大吗?(师点名回答)得出正确结果:不能,因为选用拼摆的正方形学具大小不同。
师再次追问:像这样都用大小不一样的正方形拼摆的,不能得出正确结果,那在选用学具比较测量两个图形面积大小时,我们要注意什么?
(点名回答得出):必须要用大小一样的学具,也就是面积要一样的学具进行测量拼摆。
师:我们知道了测量时必须要用大小一样的学具,也就是指要用统一的标准。这里统一的标准就是指统一的面积单位,像刚刚用到的正方形、三角形和圆形都表示一个面积单位。同学们在测量这张卡纸面积的时候摆了10个正方形,说明这张卡纸的面积就是10个这样的面积单位,测量这张卡纸可以摆18个三角形,说明这张卡纸的面积就是18个这样的面积单位。这里摆的正方形、三角形、圆形所表示的面积单位是邬老师给定的,当然还可以定大一些的或小一些,或其它形状,那请问通过刚才的拼摆,如果要准确地测量图形面积的大小,你们认为哪种形状最适合做面积单位?为什么?(点名学生回答。)
讨论得出:圆形没铺满,有空缺部分;三角形摆时受方向限制,很不方面,也有空缺;而正方形不管横着摆还是竖着摆都不受限制,最适合做面积单位。
现在请同学们以最快的速度把刚刚摆的学具和两个比较面积的卡纸放回学具袋中。
6.学习3个常用面积单位
通过刚才的讨论我们知道正方形最适合做面积单位,国际上就是规定用正方形作面积的单位的,为了方便测量和比较,规定了3个常用的面积单位:有平方厘米,平方分米,平方米。(同时出示,师板书:平方厘米、平方分米、平方米)
同学们,这1平方厘米,1平方分米,1平方米有多大呢?我们一起来学习!
请同学们从你的学具里找出最小的紫色小纸片,举起来,让老师看一看,对,就是这一个,(师举起纸片)这就是1平方厘米,抓紧时间用尺子量一下它的四条边的长度各是多少?量完后请举手!
生:边长是1厘米。
师:每条边长都是1厘米吗?(是)
师:说明这是什么形状的?(正方形)
师:也就是说边长是1厘米的正方形面积是1平方厘米。(师板书并贴上学具)
现在用你这个1平方厘米量一下,你的哪个指甲盖的面积最接近1平方厘米。抓紧时间量一量,有的同学已经量出来了。(至少点2名学生说)。每个同学指甲盖面积大小有差异,其实同学们每个指甲盖面积都很接近1平方厘米。
谁来说一说,生活里面你见过哪些物体的表面面积大约是1平方厘米的?(师讲解并出示图:小奖贴,电脑按键,田字格等)
刚才我们认识了1平方厘米有多大,下面我们再来认识一下1平方分米,请同学们拿出这张紫色学具:对!这就是1平方分米,谁知道它的边长是多少?
点名学生说:10厘米,也就是1分米。
师:那边长是1分米的正方形面积是1平方分米。(师板书贴上学具)
请同学们用你的手掌面和这个1平方分米的学具比一比,手掌面大约多少平方分米?
现在请同学们观察一下老师手里数学练习本的封面,估计一下大约有几个平方分米。看出来的请举手。点名学生说!
到底是多少平方分米?请用你的1平方分米的学具量一量。谁来边演示边说你是怎样测量的!3平方分米,和你们测量的结果一样吗?(一样)
我们知道了边长是1厘米、1分米的正方形面积分别是1平方厘米、1平方分米,那怎样的面积是1平方米呢?谁来说说看。点名说。
师引导:边长是多少,什么形状的面积是1平方米?生得出:边长是1米的正方形面积是1平方米。(师板书)
请同学们张开手臂,请问你两个手臂张开的长度大约是几米?(师请4位同学伸直手臂并围成近似的正方形)那这四个同学张开手臂围成的图形面积大约就是1平方米。再请同学们们看到老师手里的这块布,它就是边长为1米的正方形,面积就是1平方米,大不大?先估计一下:如果老师请同学站到1平方米面积的布上,大约能站下几个?点名说。到底能站下几名同学呢?咱们就按同学们说的站一下。师点一小组(8个)同学上去站,不够就再点。
我们来数一数站下了几名同学。(大约12个同学)
师对估计的情况作评价。
7.新课小结:
师小结:通过刚刚地学习,我们知道了什么是面积,而且还了解了三个常用面积单位:平方厘米、平方分米和平方米。这就是我们这节课要学习的内容:面积和面积单位。(师完善板书)
三、拓展应用。
同学们,你能用所学的三个常用面积单位解决大屏幕上的问题吗?谁来回答第一个:
出示检测练习:
一.填上合适的面积单位名称。
1.一块橡皮的面积大约是4( )。
2.一张课桌面的面积是24( )。
3.一个教室地面的面积大约是50( )。
4.昌北二小足球场的面积大约是7000( )。
四、归纳提升。
师:三个常用面积单位同学们都填对了,下面再来个难点的,愿意接受挑战吗?(愿意)那请问:平方厘米、平方分米、平方米这三个常用面积单位分别用于测量怎样不同的物体表面面积呢?请同学们看到大屏幕(师出示让同学填空),点名学生说。
三个面积单位分别用于测量不同的物体面积:
1.测量较小物体的面积,如测量邮票、橡皮檫的面积等,用( )做单位。
2.测量较大物体的面积,如测量黑板、教室、操场的面积等,用( )做单位。
3.测量一般大小物体的面积,如测量手帕、课桌面的面积等,用( )做单位。
五、全课小结。
接连几个问题都没有难道大家,看来同学们学已经和这三个常用的面积单位成为好朋友了!那通过这节课的学习,你收获的是什么,学到了什么呢?(点名学生说)
同学们这节课学得还真不少,今天学习的内容就在数学书第60至63面,课后请同学们温习并完成书上相应的练习,希望今后的学习同学们能积极动脑,深入思考探究,我相信你们将收获更多的知识。这节课就上到这,下课!
【板书】
面积和面积单位
边长是1厘米的正方形面积是1平方厘米。
边长是1分米的正方形面积是1平方分米。
边长是1米的正方形面积是1平方米。
三年级数学说课稿人教版篇四
1.知识目标:结合具体情境,探索并掌握正方形的周长的计算方法。
2.能力目标:能正确计算正方形的周长。能运用正方形的周长的计算方法解决实际生活中的简单问题。
3.情感目标:采用身边的实物来探究正方形周长的计算方法,并启发学生用多种方法计算。感受数学在日常生活中的应用。
能正确计算正方形的周长。
能运用正方形的周长的计算方法解决实际生活中的简单问题。
一、创设情境,导入新课
1.出示一些精美的图案,如:装饰图案,装饰后的地板等。
2.在这些图案上,都有正方形。同学们,你们还在什么地方见过正方形吗?
3.我们教室的地面就是由一块块正方形地砖拼成的。我们今天就一起来研究地砖的周长。提示课题:地砖的周长
二、合作交流,解读探究
1.测量地砖的边长。
教室里有很多的地砖,我们可以随便选取一块。如果想知道它的周长,怎样才能算出来呢?必须先测量它的边长。要测量几条边呢?
请你用测量工具测量出你需要的数据。
说一说你是怎样测量的。注意如果学生手中的尺子不够长,可以多测量几次。
2.计算地砖的周长。
我们已经测量出我们需要的数据。你能算出这块地砖的周长吗?和你的同伴交流一下,看看你能不能完成这个任务。
方法1:把四条边的长度加起来。60+60+60+60=240(厘米)
方法2:用边长乘以4。
方法3:先把两条边长加起来,再乘以2。
三、应用迁移,巩固提高
1.独立完成教材第48页做一做。要求独立完成,再与同伴交流方法。
2.讨论计算正方形的周长的方法有几种?哪一种最简单?你能用一句话来说一说正方形的周长的计算方法吗?
3.用你刚才选择的最简单方法完成教材第48页做一做。
第2题求篱笆的长度就是求正方形的周长。
四、总结反思,拓展升华
1.说一说今天的数学课你有什么收获?
2.在生活中哪些地方会用上你学会的知识?举例说一说。
五、布置作业:作业本上的作业。
三年级数学说课稿人教版篇五
1、说课内容:九年义务教育新人教版六年制小学数学第六册第58页的《乘法口算》。
2、教材分析
《乘法口算》是人教版三年级下册第58页的教学内容,它是在口算整十、整百数乘一位数的基础上进行教学的。口算是笔算的基础,以往的口算教学过多的强调口算技能、正确率的训练,简单、重复、机械的训练使学生感到枯燥无味,甚至于对数学失去兴趣。本节课教材把口算教学和解决生活实际问题联系在一起,创设了邮递员送报纸和信件的生活情景,使学生产生亲切感和学习兴趣,同时有利于加深学生对乘法意义的理解。对于学生来讲,有了前面已有的知识,在一定情境创设的探究过程中来研究本节课的内容,学习新知识会感到轻松愉快、兴趣盎然。
3、教学目标:
根据教材特点,从知识、技能和情感三个方面拟订本节课的教学目标:
1、使学生理解并掌握整十、整百数的口算乘法,能比较熟练地进行口算。
2、引导学生运用多种算法进行口算,培养学生的发散思维能力。
3、通过各种数学活动使学生能运用乘法口算知识解决日常生活中的一些具体问题。
4、教学重难点:
教学重点:使学生掌握两位数乘两位数的口算方法。
教学难点:灵活运用乘法口算解决实际生活中的具体问题、明确口算算理。
《课程标准》的基本理念指明学生的数学学习内容应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战性的,这些内容要有利于学生主动地进行观察、实验、猜测、验证、推理与交流等数学活动。内容的呈现应采用不同的表达方式,以满足多样化的学习需求。有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿与记忆,动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。由于学生所处的文化环境、家庭背景和自身思维方式的不同、学生的数学学习活动应当是一个生动活泼的、主动的和富有个性的过程。数学教学活动必须建立在学生的认知发展水平和已有的知识经验基础之上。教师应激发学生的学习积极性,向学生提供充分从事数学活动的机会,帮助他们在自主探索和合作交流的过程中真正理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能、数学思想和方法,获得广泛的数学活动经验。
1、教法
创设学生熟悉的情境,通过解决实际问题学习口算方法。
《课标》中指出,第一学段学生的思维以形象思维为主,因此应当选择符合儿童心理特征、并熟悉的实际生活的情境素材,使学生体会到乘法口算在生活中的实际运用。教育学和心理学的研究表明,当学习材料与学生已有的知识和生活经验相联系时,学生对学习才会产生兴趣。以学生所熟悉的邮递员送报纸和信件为教学情境,创设熟悉的具体的问题情境,在这样的生活情境中探索口算方法、不仅解决所提出的实际问题激发学生学习的兴趣,同时也让学生认识到数学与现实生活的密切联系,体会到学生是解决问题的重要工具,从而感受到数学的价值,形成科学的世界观。
2、学法
让学生经历知识的形成过程,是《课标》倡导的重要改革理念之一。本节在根据学生已有的知识和熟悉生活知识的基础上,为学生提供探索乘法口算的具体问题情境,学生在轻松、开放的课堂气氛中,积极参与到创设的问题情境中,自主探索适合自己的口算方法,开展组员间的合作学习和交流,实现智慧的碰撞,体验成功的喜悦,使学生能够在思考和探究中学习到口算的不同方法,让学生能够在自主探索、独立思考和合作学习、互相交流中共同进步。
教学一开始,就设计了一个简单的生活情境:
邮递员送信,既达到了复习旧知的目的,又能组织学生积极参与,同时又及时对学生的练习结果进行评价,让学生有了认真学习的积极性。在学习新知的环节中,又利用刚才创设的生活情境,让学生从生活事例中发现数学知识,发现数学问题,让学生体会到生活中有数学,数学来源于生活。
在学生自主探究口算方法过程中,第一个问题“邮递员叔叔工作10天,要送多少份报纸、多少封信?”算式是300×10=3000,60×10=600,教师根据儿童心理特征,创设学生熟悉的情境,让学生在轻松、开放的课堂气氛中,积极参与到创设的问题情境中,通过小组合作、自主探究等学习方法找到适合自己的口算方法。通过教师的引导、点拨,让学生在主动参与算理算法的探索过程中,经历口算乘法的过程,倡导算法的多样化。
使学生进一步理解算理。第二个问题“工作一个月,又要送多少份报纸、多少封信?”300×30=9000,60×30=1800时,由刚才的“扶”到现在的“放”,比一比,看谁算得快,并且说说自己的想法,自己是怎么样,怎样才能说明结果是正确地。使学生能够学习到口算的不同方法,让学生经历从“多样化”到“优化”的过程,提升学生思维的抽象度和灵活度,实现智慧的碰撞,体验成功的喜悦。进而引导学生发现、总结规律:两个因数末尾都有“0”的乘法,口算时只要先把“0”前面的数相乘,再看两个因数的末尾一共有几个“0”,就在乘得的积的末尾添上几个“0”。
在应用方法的巩固练习中,分四个层次:第一个练习是改错题,有多添加0的,有少添加0的,还有乘法误用加法计算的,其中“50×60=300”是学生易犯的一个典型错误,通过让学生找错、改错,可以减少学生在今后计算中犯同样的错误。第二个练习是你出我算,要求同桌每人编2道这样的口算式题;都不要把答案写出来。将你的口算式题给你的同桌,考考他,是不是掌握了口算方法?这样既调动了学生的积极性,又培养了同桌的合作能力。第三个练习是摘香蕉游戏。让学生看课件来进行口算。第四个练习是运用知识、解决问题。培养学生灵活运用知识解决问题的能力。
最后一个是拓展练习,我根据本课内容设计了由积推想因数的拓展练习,让学生根据本课学习的口算乘法类型来推想有几种不同的填法,()×()=2400,()×()=4000,这里既要求学生用口诀来推想两个因数0前面的数有几种不同的填法,又要求学生根据积末尾的0的个数来分配两个因数末尾的0的个数。特别是积4000的算式,既可以是想成两个因数0前面的数相乘得4的,也可以是相乘得40的,这样的练习设计充分调动学生的思维,让学生将本课所学知识运用其中,同时也关注了不同层次学生的不同发展,因为练习设计没有限定要写出几种填法,让每个学生都量力而行,在自己的水平上有所提高。
最后的课堂总结以给聪聪回信的方式对学习内容进行了回顾。
三年级数学说课稿人教版篇六
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