范文为教学中作为模范的文章，也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考，也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？这里我整理了一些优秀的范文，希望对大家有所帮助，下面我们就来了解一下吧。
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇一
理解作者借描绘陋室,表现高洁傲岸的节操和安贫乐道的情趣。体会本文语言凝练、声调和谐的特点。
教学时数一课时
教学方法分析能力训练与朗读能力训练同步进行。
一、朗读:读准字音,读出停顿。
1.标出不会读的字,查字典给这些字注音。
2.放声读课文,在读准每个字音的基础上,按标点读出停顿。
二、讨论:初步理解课文内容。
1.作者写“山不在闹,有仙则名。水不在深,有龙则灵。”的目的是什么?提示:为比喻因“德馨”而陋室不陋。
2.“苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青”两句描绘了陋室周围的环境,可以用怎样的词语概括这里环境的特点?提示:环境幽雅。
3.对居室周围环境的描写,与表明作者“德馨”有什么关系?提示:“绿苔漫上阶沿,青草长满庭院”,表明作者安居陋室,恬然自得,丝毫不感到荒凉、寂寞。这种心境,正是“德馨”的反映。
4.“谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。”是怎样表明作者“德馨”的?提示:作者只与“鸿儒”交往,表现出对权贵的蔑视,这也正是“德馨”的反映。
5.“可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。”表现了作者怎样的情趣?这与表明“德馨”有什么关系?提示:作者用“调素琴、阅金经”的恬淡生活与“丝竹”“案牍”的烦乱对比,流露出对官场生活的厌恶,抒发了安居陋室的情趣。这种情趣,正是“德馨”的反映。
6.作者用“南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭”作比的目的是什么?提示:“诸葛庐”“子云亭”都因主人“德馨”而不陋。作者用来自比,既表明自己的陋室也因“德馨”而不陋,又以诸葛亮、杨雄自况,表明自己非凡的抱负。7.结尾引用孔子的话有什么作用?提示:结构上,与开头呼应。内容上,总结全文。引孔子的话证明只要主人“德馨”,陋室就不显其陋的哲理。
8.试用简明的话概括:作者的“德馨”表现在哪些方面?提示:安居陋室,只与鸿儒交往,悠闲自得,胸怀着诸葛亮、杨雄那样的抱负。
三、朗读:读出语气,表达出作者的思想感情。
(一)按下面提示练习读出相应的语气:
1.“山不在高……惟吾德馨。”要读出议论语气,即用“有仙”使山着名,“有龙”使水灵,并证明“德馨”使“陋室”不陋。
2.“苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。”要读出描写语气,也就是要再现绿苔漫上阶沿,青草长满庭院的情景,表达出作者喜爱这幽雅的环境、安居陋室的感情。
3.“谈笑有鸿儒……无案牍之劳形。”要读出叙述语气,仿佛在向人们介绍自己日常在陋室中的活动。要流露出对污浊的官场生活的厌恶,安居陋室、自得其乐的感情。
4.“南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。”要读出抒情语气,仿佛作者自豪地说:我的陋室啊,多么象南阳的诸葛庐,多么象西蜀的子云亭。我感到骄傲!
5.“孔子云:何陋之有?”要读出反问语气,表达作者以“行馨”自勉,甘居陋室的思想感情。
(二)朗读课文,读出语气,表达出作者的思想感情。
四、讨论:深入理解课文的思想内容。
1.联系作者所处的时代和他的经历,谈谈作者表明的“德馨”有哪些积极意义。提示:作者恬淡乐观始终不改变自己的操守。他蔑视那些当朝权贵,厌恶污浊的官场生活。他的甘居陋室,以诸葛亮、杨雄自比,正是他正直、高尚节操的反映。
2.作者的“德馨”反映出怎样的消极因素?提示:自命清高,超然脱俗的情调是消极的。反映了封建文人、士大夫的阶级和时代的局限性。
五、背诵这篇课文
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇二
1.品千古铭文。
2.悟万世雅人。
新课标对初中阶段学生学习文言文的要求是：“阅读浅易文言文，能借助注释和工具书理解基本内容。注重积累、感悟和运用，提高自己的欣赏品位”。本单元教学要求有：在反复诵读中领会文章丰富的内涵和精美的语言，并积累一些常用的文言词语。
1.《陋室铭》篇幅短小，韵律十足，节奏分明，读起来琅琅上口。引导学生通过多层次、多形式地诵读课文并理解文章大意是目标设计之一。
2.《陋室铭》借陋室表述自己安贫乐道的情趣和高洁傲岸的节操，这对正在形成自己正确的人生价值取向的初一学生而言很有现实意义，借助文章论文知人，并借助拓展材料论世知人也是本文达成目标之一。
在大唐历史上，有一位倔强的诗人，因参加王叔文的政治革新，失败后被贬至安徽和州县当一名小小的通判。和州知县故意刁难，安排他在城南面江而居，此人毫无怨言，随手写下一幅对联贴在门上：“面对大江观白帆，身在和州思争辩。”和州知县知道后很生气，把他的住处从县城南门迁到县城北门，面积由原来的三间减少到一间半。他仍不计较，并见景生情，又在门上写了两句话：“垂柳青青江水边，人在历阳心在京。”
那位知县见其仍然悠闲自乐，满不在乎，又再次派人把他调到县城中部，而且只给一间只能容下一床、一桌、一椅的小屋。见知县如此欺人太甚，此人愤然提笔写下千古铭文，并请人刻上石碑，立在门前。
此人何许人也?——刘禹锡
刘禹锡何许人也?——唐代诗人、文学家，有“诗豪”之称。
千古铭文是什么?——《陋室铭》
故事导入，引发学生兴趣，背景材料早知，引导学生更深感知课文内容。同时借背景了解作者、引出课题，水到渠成。韩愈说：“文章合为时而作，歌诗合为事而作。”这样的故事背景介绍也让学生对刘禹锡有了初步的了解和认识。
陋室即是?——简陋的房子
什么是铭?——铭：是古代刻在器物上用来警戒自己或称述功德的文学，后来成为一种文体。这种文体一般都是用韵的。
常见的有座右铭和墓志铭。今天老师就和同学们一起来看看刘禹锡是如何在这篇千古铭文里自述心志的。
铭这种文体在课文底下的注释里有，学生应该不难找到，通过学生的回答，既了解了铭这种文体，也在老师“通过课文底下的注释获取文言知识”的引导下，让学生习得学习文言文的基本方法。
1.读准字音。(温馨提示：借助课文底下的注释疏通文意。随手圈划生字词语，并提出自己的疑问。)
[辨音识字]
德馨xīn 鸿儒hóng rú 苔痕tái 案牍dú 调素琴tiáo
[辩词释义]
斯是陋室：斯，这。
惟吾德馨：惟，只是;德馨，品德高尚。
鸿儒：指知识渊博的学者。鸿，大。
白丁：无官职的平民。这里指缺乏文化的人。(在唐朝，穿衣服能体现人们地位的高低，以黄赤最为高贵，红紫为上等，蓝绿次之，黑褐为低下，白色是没地位的，所以，“白丁”指平民百姓。)
素琴：不加装饰的琴。
金经：指用泥金(一种用金箔和胶水制成的金色颜料)书写的佛经。
丝竹：丝，指弦乐器;竹，指管乐器。这里泛指乐器发出的声音。
案牍：指官府的公文。
何陋之有：有什么简陋的呢?
叶圣陶先生说过：“教，是为了不教”，教学最主要的就是要教会学生学习的方法。学生运用圈点批注法初读课文，养成不动笔墨不读书的良好习惯。辩音识字，辩词释义，夯实基础。
2.读出韵律。
用韵：诗词歌赋中，某些句子的末一字用韵母相同或相近的字，使音调和谐优美。
用韵：ing
韵脚：名、灵、馨、青、丁、经、形、亭。
[朗读指导]
①铭是韵文，韵脚要读得清晰响亮。
②韵脚稍微拖长音。
3.读出节奏。
山|不在高，有仙|则名。
水|不在深，有龙|则灵。
斯是|陋室，惟吾|德馨。
苔痕|上阶|绿，草色|入帘|青。
谈笑|有|鸿儒，往来|无|白丁。
可以|调|素琴，阅|金经。
无|丝竹|之乱耳，无|案牍|之劳形。
南阳|诸葛庐，西蜀|子云亭。
孔子|云：何陋|之有?
[朗读指导]
语句的停顿、语速的快慢、重音的体现。
《课标》指出：“各个学段的阅读教学都要重视朗读。本环节注重朗读方法的指导，由易到难，突出层次。学生通过三个层次的读，丰富了文言知识积累，感知了文本内容，提高了学习文言文的能力，也为进一步品读文章，赏析课文亮点奠定了坚实的基础。
4.读出画面。
让我们化身陋室的主人，描绘一下室外景、室中人、室内事的画面，并赏读。
室外景：苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。(苔痕碧绿，长到台阶;草色青葱，映入帘中。)——从这句话可知“陋室”简陋，环境幽雅(板书)。这句话拟人的修辞方法，以动写静赋予苔藓、草色以人的灵性。这样把苔藓和青草写活了，既有精神又有韵味，渲染了环境的清幽，流露出主人的喜悦之情。
[赏析示例]
青苔绿绿的，密密的，像一方绿绿地毯，像一袭翠翠衣衫，像一片碧碧彩云，落在我陋室的阶前。阶前的石头和那细细的石缝里，都渗出来流出来那醉人的绿呢!阶前的丛丛青草，青青的茎，青青的叶，青青的露水，像一只只明亮的眼睛，正透过我那稀疏的窗帘，打量着我呢，于是我的陋室一片青翠。
室中人：谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。(到这里谈笑的都是渊博的大学者，交往的没有知识浅薄的人。)——交际来往的人儒雅(板书)。
[赏析示例]
“室雅何须大，花香不在多”，绿意方好，日光正暖，我和朋友们围坐在一起，时而高谈阔论，时而抚案叫绝，笑声串起优美的乐章飘过窗帘，飘向远方……
室内事：可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。(在陋室里可以抚琴调弦、展卷读经，没有嘈杂的音乐扰乱，也没有繁冗的公文劳累身心。)——正反对照，虚实相生，表明了作者生活高雅(板书)。
[赏析示例]
轻抚我的素琴，简单的音符在我的指尖跳动，手握泥金书写的佛经，一股悠然涌上心头。坐在我的小屋子里，没有灯红柳绿的杂音，没有世俗的公文，心情惬意舒畅。“但识琴中趣，何劳弦上音”，这才是真正的乐趣啊!
[朗读指导]
①“苔痕”二句写环境，要读得有点美感。
②以下两句写室中生活图景，虚写的文字(往来无白丁，无丝竹之乱耳)应读得轻一点，才有韵味。
“非读无以训练语感，非读无以激发美感。”本环节引导学生通过赏析文本，并展开联想和想像用语言文字描绘画面的方法，品味语言文字的奥妙，咀嚼精神世界的甘醇。既让学生深入领悟了文本内容，又培养了鉴赏能力。
陋室陋吗?从文中哪儿看出?——斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。
德馨：1.由于人的品格高尚，忘却了陋室。
2.由于人的品格高尚，为陋室增光添彩。
小组合作：
1.作者是怎样引出中心句的?——用“山”、“水”来比“室”，用“不在高，不在深”比“陋”。用“仙”、“龙”来比“德”，用“名”和“灵”来比“馨”。“馨”字画龙点睛，统领全篇。
2.作者既写陋室，为何又写诸葛庐和子云亭?———运用类比，引古贤之名定证“陋室”，意在以古代名贤自比，表明自己也具有古代名贤的志趣和抱负。
3.文章最后引用孔子的话有何用意?此处引用孔子的话，说明“陋室”“有德者居之，则陋室不陋”，与前文“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨”遥相呼应。把“陋”字彻底翻了过来，达到“不陋”的最完美的境界，这是全文的点睛之笔，突出表明了作者高洁傲岸的情操和安贫乐道的情趣。
[朗读指导]
①前四句读后稍作停顿，再缓缓读出“斯是”二句，以突出文章主要内容。
②“南阳”二句读后，要作一顿，然后用肯定的语气读最后两句。
阅读教学是学生、教师、文本之间对话的过程。学生在 “对话”中，感悟到更多的语言、篇章及作者人格的魅力，从而获得思想的滋养、情感的熏陶、人格的完善。学生无数的体验、奇思妙想纷至沓来，从而轻松有效地突破教学难点。
我眼中的刘禹锡
同学们还记得“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的陶渊明吗?面对淤泥，陶渊明选择了远离，他在心中幻化出一片芳草鲜美，落英缤纷的桃花林。通过学习，你觉得刘禹锡是一个什么样的人呢?
[教学预设]
1.和陶渊明一样的避世，否则怎会有“但识琴中趣，何劳弦上音”的想法，而且他的陋室的环境和做的事情，都看出他的隐逸之心。
2.品德高尚。虽身居陋室，但安贫乐道，即使遭遇贬谪，但有高洁傲岸的志趣。从“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨”就可以看出。
【论世知人】
一个永恒的刘禹锡
刘禹锡，一生辗转奔波于仕途，虽历经艰辛却痴心不改。每贬到一个地方，都留下了脍炙人口的诗篇。
郎州：晴空一鹤排云上，便引诗情到碧霄。
夔州：天地英雄气，千秋尚凛然。
连州：猜鹰虑奋迅，惊鹿时跼跳。瘴云四面起，腊雪半空消。
扬州：沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。
长安：玄都观里桃千树，尽是刘郎去后栽。
种桃道士归何处?前度刘郎今又来。
刘禹锡——他虽然有着“二十三年弃置身“的贬谪境遇，但依然有着“暂凭杯酒长精神”的安贫乐道;他高唱着“天地英雄气，千秋尚凛然”，沉吟着“沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春”;他在“晴空一鹤排云上，便引诗情到碧宵”的秋天里诗意盎然，在“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨”的房子里坚守理想……
老当益壮，宁移白首之心;穷且益坚，不堕青云之志。
齐背《陋室铭》。
语文教学要让学生重视积累，养成博闻强记的习惯。有时读懂一篇文，读破一片心，或许要用一生的光景。就让学生在刘禹锡的精神里牢记铭文，慢慢地去品。
室外景：环境优雅 安贫乐道
陋室 室中人：交往儒雅 不陋 铭
室内事：生活高雅 高洁傲岸
本节课在学生探讨的过程中逐步形成这样的板书设计。它是课堂教学的“眼睛”和“灵魂”，是整个教学内容的高度浓缩，也是学生学习思路的精炼再现
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇三
1、体会《爱莲说》托物言志和衬托的写法，学习记叙、抒情、议论相结合。
2、体会《陋室铭》借助描写陋室抒发感情的写法，了解铭文的特点。理解作品中表达的一种高尚的节操和安贫乐道的情趣。
3、学习一些文言词语，尤其是多义词。
1、从生长环境方面，体态香气方面，风度方面分析莲花有什么值得喜爱的，理解《爱莲说》对追名逐利的世态的批判，领悟作者对高洁品格的追求。
2、抓住重点词句输通文意。
1、体会《爱莲说》托物言志和衬托的写法。
2、体会《陋室铭》借助描写陋室抒发感情的写法，了解铭文的特点。
通过对莲花的爱慕和赞颂，表现作者对美好理想的向往，对高尚情操的追求，对正直人格的仰慕；同时，通过对牡丹的厌恶和鄙弃，表现出对趋附权贵，苟随时俗及其风尚的不满，文章鲜明地表现了作者的进步理想和美学情趣。
本文在写法上很有特色：其一，运用了叠式衬托法，文中三次以菊和牡丹衬托莲，而作用各别，巧妙地逐步加深了主题。其二，运用了拟人比喻法，寓所要表现人物的性格特征于所写事物的相似特点中，把人的趋势，倨傲、清高等特征，以牡丹的浓艳、菊花的傲霜、莲花的清逸等特点表现出来，写物喻人，生动贴切，含义深刻。
以"予独爱莲"四字，引出一段莲的颂歌。"出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖"，写莲的风貌和气质：处污秽之境，葆纯正之色。"中通外直，不蔓不枝"，写莲茎贯通正直，表里如一，卓然自立。"香远益清"，写莲清香远溢，芳气袭人；"亭亭净植，可远观不可亵玩"，写莲的形态端庄大方，凛然可敬。
作者表面写莲，其实意在莲外。显然，作者是以花喻人，借莲自况，以莲的清逸喻君子的美德和节操。纵观全文，似句句写花，而意不在花;通篇无人，却字字写人。文中写了莲的七种可贵的品质，一一都有明显的比喻意义：第一，"出淤泥而不染"(在恶劣污浊的环境中不受影响，洁白无瑕，近墨者不黑)；第二"濯清涟而不妖"(在优越的环境中不炫耀，天真自然)；第三，"中通外直"(胸怀豁达)；第四，"不蔓不枝"(行为正直)；第五，"香远益清"(美德远播)；第六，"亭亭净植"(洁身清廉，傲然立世)；第七，"可远观而不可亵玩"(气节高尚，英姿威仪)。
《爱莲说》主要写莲，但用菊和牡丹来作映衬。
首先，要明确作者所写的三种花都有明显的比喻意义。把菊花比作"花之隐逸者"，是说菊花不在春天与百花争艳，而在群葩凋落的秋季独吐幽芳，就像那些不肯与世俗同流合污而离群索居、隐遁山林的逸民高士。把牡丹比作"花之富贵者"，是说牡丹雍容华贵，绚丽多姿，就像达官显贵和攀附富贵的庸碌之辈。把莲花比作"花之君子者"，是说莲花高洁清逸，不染尘俗，就像胸怀磊落，行为正直，德声远播的君子。
明确了比喻义，再看看作者对这三种花的态度。对莲的褒扬显而易见，是全文的重心，而对菊和牡丹又是什么态度呢？叹惋菊花，鄙薄牡丹。真正爱菊的隐逸者陶潜，因蔑视世俗，厌恶官场而返归田园、寄情山水。应该说，陶潜的品格也是高尚的，但其不足因而为之叹惋的是：陶潜为了洁身自好而逃避现实，超然物外，处世态度未免有些消极。"君子"则不同，他们像莲花"出淤泥而不染"，立身污浊尘世却能永葆高洁本色。相形之下，"花之隐逸者"就比"花之君子者"略逊一筹了。至于牡丹，李唐之世，每当盛开，则权贵趋之若鹜，有种植求利者，株价数万。文人墨客争相赋诗，推波助澜。周敦颐目睹当时世风日下，官场混浊，称牡丹为"花之富贵者"，正表现了作者对那些追名逐利、蝇营狗苟之辈的鄙薄和憎恶。
由此可以看出，写"菊"写"牡丹"仍是为了衬"莲"，写"菊"为旁衬，写"牡丹"为反衬，在映衬中突出了莲花的形象和品格，同时又针砭了时俗。
全文81个字可分为三层。
第一层 (开头至"惟吾德馨"）：比兴起篇，引出主题。
第二层 ("苔痕上阶绿"至"无案牍之劳形"）：写居室环境。日常生活，表达安贫乐道的生活情趣。
第三层 ("南阳诸葛庐"到结尾)：以类比法说明陋室不陋。
比兴起笔："山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵。"
推出主题："斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。"
陋室之景："苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。"
陋室之人："谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。"
陋室之事："可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。"至此陋室不陋的蕴义已然写足。
陋室不陋：以两个历史人物类比。"南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。"最后引《论语》之典，束住全文。"孔子云：何陋之有？"
(1) 虚实是我国古典美学中重要的审美概念，也是艺术辩证法的总纲。《陋室铭》是虚实结合的佳作。全文81个字，虚实相生，变化有致，耐人寻味。
开篇以形象的议论起笔："山不在高，……有龙则灵。"推出全文题旨："斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。"以虚代实，出笔不凡。"德馨"，一语统摄全篇，突出道德的作用。第二层进入对"陋室"的描写。先写清幽景物 "苔痕上阶""草色入帘"，渲染恬静气氛，反映出主人的淡泊心志。此为实景描写。次写"陋室"往来人物："谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁"。前句为实写，后句为虚写，虚实相配，尽写"陋室"儒雅之风。最后写"陋室"中生活之事。"调素琴，阅金经"为实写，表现主人高雅的生活情操。"无丝竹之乱耳，无案犊之劳形"为虚写，反映主人对世俗、官场生活的厌恶。这一层没有出现"德"字，但处处扣紧"惟吾德馨"这一题旨。
在对"陋室"的"景""人""事"三方面的实写之中，巧妙地穿插了"三无"的虚写，加上 引入题旨的"二有"虚笔，真是虚实相间，烘托有术。最后的结尾，又用"诸葛庐""子云 亭""孔子云"三个历史掌故，类比、引证，以虚映实，反映了作者闲适的心境和淡泊的志趣。
寥寥81字，虚写占一半有余，如果我们把文中虚写部分去掉，不仅内容会显得单薄、无味， 题旨难以酣畅表达，文章的形式也将变得局促、呆板，绝无此文之多彩风姿。
(2) 若把《陋室铭》作议论文分析，则明显地具有论点、论证、结论，符合议论文的结构特点。
论点："斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。"由"二有"类比推出。
再看论证。
① 物证。"绿苔上阶""草色入帘"可谓陋矣。但作者却以拟人手法，用了"上""入"二字，把苔藓急上阶头，青草欲进住室写得栩栩如生，原因是什么呢？是它们羡慕主人的才德，作者虽未直说，但含蓄地表现出来。
② 事证。先说往来的是鸿儒，又说室内的活动"调素琴，阅金经"，再说室内"无丝竹""无案牍"。静以养身，俭以养德。作者强调德之难得，而陋室皆有。
③ 人证。列举诸葛亮，扬雄居陋室的事例，证明"德馨"可使陋室不陋。
④ 言证。引孔子之语，使人加深对 "德馨"的认识，启发大家遥忆颜回为人，理解"德"与"陋"的关系。
四个论据层层递进，而结论就在"言证"当中，论证推到"言证"结论已出："君子居之，何陋之有"。
5、题目有"陋室"，文中也说"斯是陋室"，而结尾却说，"何陋之有？"到底这屋子是陋 还是不陋呢?
从建筑和屋内布置看并不豪华，甚至是简陋的，但由于屋主人是个品德高尚，有着高洁生活情趣的人，所以这座小屋就变得别有韵味而不显得简陋了。这正应了孔子说的那 句话："君子居之，何陋之有？"
课时安排：
第1、2课时：学习《爱莲说》
第3、4课时：学习《陋室铭》
《爱莲说》
这篇文章的体裁是 "说"，（同前面学过的《马说》）。
"说"是阐述关于某一事物，问题的道理的文体。
本文特点是托物言志。
请同学朗读《阅读提示》有关部分和注释①，了解作者及出处。
1、学生自读
解词，并为加点字注音：
蕃 淤泥 濯 清涟 妖 蔓 枝 益 亭亭 净植 亵玩 焉
谓 隐逸 君子 噫 鲜 宜乎 者也
2、教师带读
3、分组朗读
1、 比较下列句子中加点词的词
归纳：之①，结构助词，的；之②，结构助词，主谓关系，不译。
焉①，语气助词，啊、呀；焉②，兼词，于之、在其中。
中①，名词，里、内，读zh ng；中②，动词，射中目标，读zh ng。
而①，连词，修饰关系，不译；而②，连词，转折关系，但是、却。
2、同学齐读第1段。
3、讨论、讲析。
① 开头一句指出可爱的花很多，总领全文，借以引出人们对花的不同爱好。写别人爱菊、爱牡丹，都是衬托，作用在于突出"予独爱莲"，引入正题。
② 为什么人们对"花"的爱好不同呢?
喜爱哪一种花，表明人们的不同的思想感情和气节。两个"独"字，表现了作者既不与世俗同流合污，又表明了自已不同于陶渊明的生活态度。
③莲花有哪些可爱之处?应怎样理解它的象征意义?
莲花是本文主要的描述对象，是言志所托之物，作者从多方面描绘莲花特征，围绕"君子"的品性，寄寓了深刻的象征意义。
"出淤泥而不染，濯青涟而不妖"：不同流合污，不孤芳自赏。
"中通外直，不蔓不枝"：通达正直，行为端正。
"香远益清，亭亭净植"：志洁行廉，美名传扬。
"可远观而不可亵玩焉"：仪态庄重，令人敬重。
这里描述的既是作者爱莲花的缘由，也是作者心目申君子的形象，包含着自律自况。
4、朗读，翻译
1、朗读读第2段，同学参照注释，解决字音、字形、词义的疑难点。
2、比较下列句子中加点词的词义和用法。
归纳：鲜①，形容词，少，音xi n；鲜②，形容次，鲜艳，音xi n。
3、再读本段
① 这段以排比形式用了三个判断句，将菊、牡丹、莲一一拟人：菊，就像隐居的人；牡丹，就像富贵的人；而莲正像品德高尚的君子。一个叹词"噫"表达强烈的抒情色彩，引发了其后的褒贬，在褒贬中寄寓了自己的态度。
②作者对"爱菊"、"爱牡丹"、"爱莲"的态度分别是什么?表达有什么特点?
（作者用三种花象征三种人，用三种爱象征三种生活态度。菊花在花草凋零的秋天独吐幽香，所以将它比作隐士。文中用陈述句，表达对菊及爱菊者并不反感，只是慨叹真正隐逸之士极少。牡丹绚丽浓艳，所以将它比作贵人。文中用感叹句，表达对牡丹及爱牡丹者的厌恶鄙弃，讽刺贪图富贵、追求名利的世态。最后三句，将次序调整为菊、莲、牡丹，使褒贬爱憎更鲜明。）
4、朗读，翻译
1、托物言志的写法：以菊、牡丹、莲喻三种人，以三种爱象征三种生活态度，贴切鲜明。
2、衬托的写法:以莲为中心，用菊正衬，用牡丹反衬，褒贬宛然，表达了对世俗婉曲的 批判，突出了自己对高洁的君子风范的追求。
3、描写，议论，抒情的结合:第l段以记叙、描写为主，第2段以议论，抒情为主，二者交融，相得益彰。
4、句式变化得当，文笔摇曳多姿:陈述句、判断句、疑问句、感叹句运用恰当，排比、 对偶的整句与散句交错有致。
《陋室铭》
三、解题。
1、《陋室铭》是一篇记物的铭文。
2、体裁：铭。
① 铭，是古代文体的一种。铭，起初是刻在器物或碑石上的文字，有时用于自我规戒或激
勉。铭文，在语言上多用四字或六字对偶句，格调不同于一般散文。一般押韵。
② 本文的韵脚共八个字：名、灵、馨、青、丁、经、形、亭。其中"馨"字因语音变化，现在已不够协韵了。
3、作者：刘禹锡。
请同学看《阅读提示》有关部分和注释①，了解作者情况及出处。
1、学生自读
解词，并为加点字注音：
名 灵 馨 鸿儒 白丁 素琴 金经 丝竹 乱耳 案牍 劳形
2、教师带读
3、分组朗读，同学参照注释，解决字音、字形、词义的疑难点。
1、比较下列句子中加点词的词义和用法。
归纳：之①、②，结构助词，都是提宾标志，不译。
名①，形容词，著名；名②，动词，命名。
鸿①，形容词，大；鸿②，名词，大雁。
是①，判断动词，是；是②，指示代词，这。
2、同学齐读课文
3、讨论、讲析。
全文81个字可分为三层。
第一层 (开头至"惟吾德馨"）：比兴起篇，引出主题。
第二层 ("苔痕上阶绿"至"无案牍之劳形")：写居室环境。日常生活，表达安贫乐道的生活情趣。
第三层 ("南阳诸葛庐"到结尾)：以类比法说明陋室不陋。
4、请学生看注解，将第一层译成现代汉语。
山不一定要高，有仙人 (居住)就能闻名天下；水不一定要深，有龙 (居住)就能降福显灵。这虽是间简陋的屋子，只是我的品德好 (就不感到简陋了)。
提问：开头三句用了什么修辞手法?
归纳：前两句用了对偶、比喻，以山水引出陋室。山水陪衬陋室。
讲析："斯是陋室"，扣题。"惟吾德馨"是全文的核心，以"惟"字加强语气。四字包含两方面意思：其一是人以德为本，德馨可忘室陋；其二是道破陋室增光，在于德馨。
5、请学生看注解，将第二层译成现代汉语。
苔痕漫上石阶，苍翠碧绿;草色青葱，映入帘内。谈笑的是渊博的学者，往来没有浅薄的人。可以弹奏素朴的古琴，读读佛经。没有奏乐的声音扰乱两耳，没有官府的公文劳累身心。
提问：这一层次写了什么内容?从哪些角度描写的?
归纳：描写居室环境及日常生活。
第一句写周围景色，第二句写往来人物，三四句写生活内容。
提问：这四句表现了作者什么情趣?
归纳：表达出洁身自好、安贫乐道的情趣。
提问：在写法上有什么特点?
归纳：角度开阔，写到陋室方方面面。条理清晰，由物及人，由外及内，一"入"字将内外融合。虚实结合，肯定句实写，否定句虚写。句式整齐，有长有短，跌宕有致。四处对偶，精当而不拘板。谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。用互文写法。
6、将第三层译成现代汉语。
(它好比)南阳诸葛亮的草庐，西蜀扬子云的亭子。孔子说：有什么简陋的呢?
提问：在描写陋室时，突然引出两处古人名室，作者的意图是什么?
归纳：运用类比法，拿古人名室作比，用意在于说明陋室不陋，还含蓄地以古贤自况，进一步表达作者的志趣、抱负。
提问：结尾引用的孔子的话，原文是："君子居之，何陋之有?"作者只引后一半，总结 全文，有什么好处?
归纳：孔子的话很有份量，暗含以"君子"自居而不点破，更耐人寻味。引文回应"惟吾德馨"，有力地突出了作者高尚的品德和志趣。
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇四
【教学目的】
１、理解托物言志的写法。
２、体会精妙新颖的构思。
３、当堂背诵全文
【教学过程】
一、导入，并板书课题《陋室铭》（刘禹锡）及教学目标
二、学习课文
（一读 理清思路）（学生结合课文提示注解自由地大声地朗读课文）
１、本文题目是什么意思？
明确：文是唐朝文学家刘禹锡为自己简陋的屋子写的一篇散文。本文为骈体文，简介骈体文的特点。“铭”：古代刻在器物上用来警戒自己或者称述功德的文字，后成为一种文体，这种文体一般都是用韵的。
２、学生试读课文。
３、学生质疑（由学生提出问题，然后尽量让学生来解答，达到疏通课文字词的目的）
４、如果给课文分三个层次，该怎样划分？
明确：第一层从开头到“唯吾德馨”，第二层从“苔痕上阶绿”到“无案牍之劳形”，第三层为文章结尾。
（二读 品析诗句）
１、“山不在高”，“水不在深”类比什么？“有山则名”、“有龙则灵”暗喻什么？
明确：前二句类比“陋室”，后两句暗喻自己。
２、陋室内外是什么颜色？景色美不美？有何特点，用一个词（字）概括。
明确：绿色，青色，景色别致幽雅（幽）
３、与作者交往的人有何特点？
明确：鸿儒 ，无白丁（雅）
４、作者身居陋室的生活是什么？有何特点？
调素琴，阅金经，无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。（安）
５、作者用什么来类比自己的陋室？
明确：南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。
６、品析“上”、“入”二字的妙用，明确：“上”、“入”二字生动传神，以静为动，不仅使景物人格化，活跃而有生气，而且流露了作者对这景色的喜爱之情，我们可以想象出这是一个多么幽静安宁的环境。
７、“鸿儒”可否换成 “群儒”？
不能。“群儒”则无“大”之义，显得太多了。
（三读 领悟内涵）（男、女生分角色各读一遍）
１、“往来无白丁”含什么感情？
清高自赏（含轻视劳动人民的思想，作者的阶级局限性所决定）
２、能否将“阅金经”改为“阅五经”，为什么？
明确：不能。因为作者当时受贬，思想上有些消沉，想从佛经中找到某种寄托，“阅金经”正是作者当时思想感情的折射。
３、首尾句有何关系？
首句用了比兴写法，尾句与首自互相呼应。
４、本文题目为“陋室铭”，文章又说“何陋之有”？这些不矛盾吗？
不矛盾。题中之“陋”为房屋的形陋，尾句的“陋”为“鄙俗”之义，指屋中主人的“德馨”不鄙俗。
５、引导学生总结全文的构思。全文起于比兴，继而对陋室中的景色、社交、生活加以描写，再通过类比，巧妙地表现自己的生活感受和情趣。
６、文章托物言志（借陋室以言志），表现作者不贪恋富贵荣华，不与统治阶级同流合污，重视自身修养的思想感情。（文章主旨）
三、教学小结（略）
四、全班竞背
（①学生自由背，②小组中相互背，③全班竞背）
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇五
1、知识：掌握文言常用实词,翻译全文。
2、技能：学习本文托物言志的写法。
3、感情：理解作者保持高尚节操的愿望和不求闻达、安贫乐道的情趣。学习古人的优秀品质。
4、态度：用不同时代的眼光看待古代文化，客观的评价古人。
：张扬师生个性，强调朗读品位、渗透学法指导，重视合作讨论、渗透时代观念--与时俱进。
如果让你设计自己的家，你怎样设计呢？（学生自由发言）唐朝的刘禹锡他和部分同学一样喜欢简陋的居室，今天，我们就一起去看看他的陋室究竟怎样？（板书：《陋室铭》刘禹锡）
（学生结合课文提示注解回答，教师适当补充）
1、陋室：简陋的居室，是刘禹锡的室名。
2、铭：古代刻在器物上用来警戒自己或者称述功德的文字，后来成为一种文体。这种文体一般都用韵。（介绍表现文体的字：表、说、记、序。/押韵--刨根问底：立即让学生浏览课文找出韵脚和所押之韵。）
3、作者：刘禹锡，字梦得，唐朝著名诗人和文学家，颇得白居易推崇。
1、学生自由读（要求大声朗读，注意停顿，读正确、流利）。
2、指名读（纠正错误读音，注意句读）。
3、范读（听课文录音）。
4、齐读。
1、学生默读课文，参照注释，读懂课文。（遇到疑难，同桌讨论）
2、学生质疑，师生共同解决。（鸿、白丁、馨等）
3、指名翻译。
齐读课文，出示思考题，四人小组讨论。
1、陋室，陋室，陋在何处？（从文中找出体现“陋”的语句）
讨论并归纳：“苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青”说明居住的环境荒凉、冷落，极为简陋。
2、文末提出“何陋之有”，你认为作者这样说对吗？理由？
讨论并归纳：人品高尚（斯是陋室，唯吴德馨）
景色宜人（苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青--幽雅、恬静）
来人不俗（谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁）
生活高雅（可以调素琴，阅金经）
3、作者写陋室仅是为了告诉我们陋室的状况吗？
讨论并归纳：通过赞美简陋的居室，表达了作者不愿追逐名利，不愿高官厚禄，安贫乐道的生活情趣。（强调本文写法：托物言志）
4、齐读，体会作者高尚的情操。
1、看材料，思考问题。
教室铭
分不在高，及格就行；学不在深，作弊则灵。斯是教室，唯吾闲情。小说传得快，杂志翻得勤；琢磨下围棋，寻思看电影。可以睡觉，打呼噜。无书声之乱耳，无复习之劳形。虽非跳舞场，堪比游乐场。心里云：“混张文凭。”
思考：
（１）材料是针对学生中的哪些现象而言的？
（２）那么应该怎样对待我们的学习生活？
2、之前已请同学设计过自己的家了，读了刘禹锡的《陋室铭》，你能不能学习刘禹锡，为你的家取个名，用来表达居住在家中的感受？
。（学生自由讨论，自由发言）
1、称颂：人品高尚。
2、批评：逃避世俗，缺少为国为名的奉献精神。
：学习古人的作品，要用现代人的眼光看待古人；要择善而从之，其不善而改之；要批判的学习和接受。
《陋室铭》 是一篇名传千古的美文，通过对简陋居室的描绘，极力形容陋室不陋，表达了一种不慕荣利的节操和安贫乐道的情趣。
结合本文的教学过程我有几点反思：
1、文章的教学目标设定符合教材要求及学生的实际，教学设计能够围绕教学目标进行，落实重点和难点。
2、注重学生的主体参与意识，激发学生的合作探究意识，每个学生都能积极参与到课堂教学中来，比较注重渗透学法的指导，注重培养学生的“听、说、读、写”能力，让学生真正学会学习。
3、本文注意了以读为主，在朗读过程中，使学生们感受“铭”这种文体的篇幅短小，语句押韵、语言优美的特点，进而对课文的形式美有深刻的认识。还对学生的朗读进行指导，注意对学生适时的点拨，有层次的进行朗读指导，不仅让学生会读还要读好，读准节奏、读出感情、读出韵味，真正把自己融入文章中来，并且注意利用激励性的语言对学生鼓励。最后，运用“整体板书”和“回译法”让学生进行背诵，加深记忆。总之，用朗读贯穿教学的始终。
4、注重学生合作探究能力的培养，因此，采用小组合作竞争的方式，答对加分，答错扣分的形式，激发学生的竞争意识和学习的兴趣。
5、把握文言文教学的重点：积累文言词汇、句式等常识，准确翻译文章，为以后的文言文学习打好基础。再说，要深入理解文章的内容和思想，就必须理解课文字句，所以我在引导学生利用已有文言知识，借助课下注释，小组合作，自主学习，弄懂文章的此句意思。
6、让学生参与课堂和学习的全过程，做知识和思维的主人。
学生们对于语文知识的学习，不仅仅限于在课堂上由老师带领的分析，还包括课前对课本的预习，对重点知识的揣摩，对疑难问题的质询。更包括课后对所学知识的消化和演绎。所以，我从预习这个环节抓起，让学生参与学习知识的整个过程，做知识和思维的主人。
7、巧妙的设计提问，采用小组合作、教师点拨来解决，引导学生逐步深入文本。精心设计问题，并形成一个问题链，让这些问题逐步深入地把整篇文章的内容串联起来，每个问题都让学生从课文内容出发，挖掘其意义，让学生在每一句课文的理解中都绽放出思维的火花，最后运用课文内容的内在联系和前后呼应把它连接在一起，融汇贯通，把全篇课文的讲析内容全部带了出来，在学生头脑中形成了“串珠成链”的整体把握效果。这种方式不仅能活跃课堂气氛，不让人觉得死气沉沉，而且问题与问题之间环环相扣，从屋外到屋内，从景到人到趣，一步步地随着学生自主地交流探讨深入进去，使学生在深入的过程中理解全文。 这其中，注重学生的自主参与，激发其竞争意识和学习兴趣。
8、对于课堂的时间安排如再紧凑些，让学生当堂完成练习，更有利于教师对学生学习反馈的掌握。
又有一次面对镜头的经历，让我在课堂中又多一次历练，相信，以后，我会比这次更从容不迫、沉稳镇定地应对课堂，和学生的互动会更加融洽、自然。
总之，这一堂课，让我看到自己的不足，更让我收获了许多，懂得了许多！我想，我只能够脚踏实地，认认真真的思考教学中问题，我才可能在教师成长的路上走得稳、走得远！
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇六
1.复习“铭”这种文体，有感情地诵读课文。
2.品析词句之美。
3.拓展，深入体会作者的人格魅力。
新授课
1. 有感情地诵读课文
2. 品析词句之美
拓展，深入体会作者的人格魅力。
一课时
1.讲授法
2.讨论法
3.诵读法
（一）导入
旧知回顾
体裁：铭
（哪一组师友介绍一下）
古代刻在器物上用来警戒自己或者称颂功德的文字，后来成为一种文体。这种文体形式短小，文字简洁，句式工整而且押韵。
（二）读音韵之美
陋室铭
(唐)刘禹锡
山/不在高，有仙/则名。
水/不在深，有龙/则灵。
斯是/陋室，惟吾/德馨。
苔痕/上/阶绿，草色/入/帘青。
谈笑/有/鸿儒，往来/无/白丁。
可以/调/素琴，阅/金经。
无/丝竹之乱耳，无/案牍之劳形。
南阳/诸葛庐，西蜀/子云亭。
孔子/云：何陋/之有？
（要求学生注意韵脚和节奏）师友互读，班内展示，教师评价，全班齐读。
（三）品词句之美
学生自己找出欣赏的句子，进行分析。先独立完成，再师友讨论，最后班内展示。
（四）悟人性之美
1、旧知回顾
本文运用 的写法，通过对陋室的描写，表达出作者 的`节操和 的情趣。
刘禹锡是否就要在这一间陋室，踏青苔，赏草色，弹古琴，读佛经，自得其乐，终老一生呢？他甘心吗？
2、读刘禹锡的诗，体会其豪情
秋词
自古逢秋悲寂寥，我言秋日胜春朝。晴空一鹤排云去，便引诗情到碧霄。
同学们，这就是刘禹锡，自然界的秋天在他的眼里尚且诗情盎然，他又怎么会躲到人生的秋天里去自怨自艾呢？
刘禹锡怎么可能让一间小小陋室困住了自己高贵的心？
3、拓展
彭城刘禹锡，诗豪者也。
面对大江观白帆，身在和州思争辩。
杨柳青青江水平，人在历阳心在京。
这是作者被贬和州后写的诗句。
可见刘禹锡虽被贬但豪情不减，不甘沉沦，试从文中找出体现他的豪情的词句，大声朗读。
4、悟人性之美
达 则 兼 济 天 下
穷 则 独 善 其 身
就是这个刘禹锡，留下诗文800多篇，被称为中唐“诗豪”。就是这个刘禹锡，他一生辗转奔波于仕途，虽历经艰辛却痴心不改。就是这个刘禹锡，先后被贬到连州、和州、苏州，但每一个地方的老百姓都“因祸得福”，因为他深入民众，体察民情，勤廉守政，力行教育，为当地的发展作出了历史性的贡献。这样乐观豁达，这样富有生命活力的一个刘禹锡，怎么可能“独善其身”“隐居避世”呢？
（五）板书设计
陋室铭
刘禹锡
读音韵之美
品词句之美
悟人性之美
（六）作业
走近刘禹锡
（写出自己的认识，感悟刘禹锡的人格魅力。可查阅资料，不少于300字)
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇七
一、理解作者高洁傲岸的节操和安贫乐道的情趣。
二、了解“铭”的特点，掌握相关的文言词汇。
三、学习课文托物言志的写法。
一、以尊重学习者的学习体验为重点，引导学生在多种形式的诵读中，体会刘禹锡的那份情怀。
二、在加强诵读的同时，认真体会“铭”文句式整齐、押韵，节奏感强的特点。
三、安排一课时。
教学内容和步骤
在朗读合作中实现“字音准确，停顿分明，不读破句子”的目标。
⑴自由大声朗读。
⑵同位互相听读。
⑶同学朗读展示，听后师生评点。
⑷齐读课文，读准字音和句读。
。引导学生借助已有知识储备和文下注释，粗通课文大意。
⑴对照注释，默读全文，疏通文意。
⑵交流对课文内容的了解。点评正误。注意以下词句的解释：
①馨xīn 散布得很远的香气.
②无丝竹之乱耳 之：助词，位于主谓之间，取消句子独立性。 乱：使……混乱。乱耳：扰乱听觉。
③劳：使……劳累。
④庐：简陋的房屋。
⑤何陋之有？ “有何陋”的倒装。之：宾语前置的标志。
⑶齐读课文，读出节奏和语调。
默读课文，充分发挥联想与想象，读出自己的感受和体验，在体验中再造陋室形象，理解作者情趣。
⑴作者说“斯是陋室”，“陋”在何处？
“苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。”——自然环境（景致少、来客少）。
“谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。” ——往来客人（来客少，古时读书人少，“鸿儒”更少）。
“可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。” ——主人情趣（陈设少、作为少）。
⑵“陋室”真的“陋”吗？
①“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨”——陋而不陋，关键在人。
“苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。”——环境清幽。
“谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。” ——交往高雅。
“可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。” ——情趣脱俗。
“南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭” ——用古代名贤类比。
“何陋之有”——以圣贤之语自勉，呼应开头。
②明明是陋室，作者为何觉得“不陋”？交流对作者的了解，体会作者的难言寂寞。
作者是唐代一位性格倔强的诗人。他求异心理很强，如悲秋，从来就是诗人的通病，他却偏要反其道而行之，认为天高气爽的秋天使人心胸开阔，更有诗意。他热心赞助王叔文的政治革新，但遭到保守派的排挤，被贬官降职十年。好不容易被召回京城，又因《玄都观桃花》和《再游玄都观》诗作先后两度被贬。刘禹锡写此文时，正被贬为和州刺史，其时唐王朝正一天天地衰落下去。朝廷任人惟亲。官僚士大夫阶层大多只顾寻欢作乐，不以国事为念。刘禹锡对此深感忧虑，却又无可奈何。作者运用托物言志的手法，通过赞美简陋的居室，一方面向朝中当权者显示自己并未因遭贬而郁郁寡欢，相反却过得安逸潇洒；另一方面表达自己身居陋室不改初衷，屡遭磨难而坚守节操的信念。
⑶齐读课文，假想自己就是刘禹锡，读出作者的心态和感情。
⑴读注释①，了解“铭”的含义。（文字→文体。押韵）
⑵找出韵脚。（名、灵、馨、青、丁、经、形、亭）
⑶齐读课文，读出韵味和美感。韵脚要读得清晰响亮。
背诵并默写课文。
备课后记：《陋室铭》篇幅短小，语句读来琅琅上口；加之经过七年级一年的学习，学生已初步掌握了一定的阅读文言文的方法，粗通文意的目标较易达到。因而在设计教学中，把着力点放在关注学生的阅读体验过程上。这也是新课程改革中提倡的重要理念之一，《语文课程标准》中更是频频出现“体验”这一字眼。作为教学意义上的“体验”，既是一种活动过程，也是一种活动结果。关注学生的阅读体验过程，实际上也就是根据学生的认知特点和规律，引导学生由浅入深、由表及里地接触文本，探究文本，感悟文本；读准字音，读通词句，读对语调，读清思路，读出感情体验。
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇八
1、掌握文言实词，正确翻译全文。
2、理解作者不慕荣利，安贫乐道的生活情趣。
3、学习托物言志表现手法。
1、托物言志手法。
2、翻译并背诵全文。
体会作者不爱慕荣利的高尚情操和安贫乐道生活情趣。
朗读法、点拨指导法
（一）激发导入
（二）简要了解作者及背景
（三）字词积累
（四）学生朗读课文，教师点拨朗读技巧。
（五）学生结合注释，正确的翻译课文。
1、自主翻译
2、合作交流
3、提问并适当点拨
方法：问题启示法
1、文章开头运用什么手法引出“陋室”？
2、作者从哪个方面写出了陋室不陋？
3、文章最后为什么要提‘诸葛庐’和‘子云亭’呢？
4、作者在文章结尾引用孔子的话有什么作用？
5、作者写陋室表达怎样的思想感情？
物 托物言志 志
高尚情操
陋室 安贫乐道
1、正确翻译课文，完成练习册。
2、背诵全文 。
这是一堂文言文教学。我用了一课时，上完后，自我感觉良好。认为教学任务完成，教学顺利。但是，今天改完基础训练册后发现，许多学生作业错误很多，字词翻译全班只有几个同学全对。问答题有几个没写的，中间对课文的内容掌握的也不够好。我认为这节课不太成功，原因有：
1、课文朗读少，课前预习不好。
2、没有充分发挥学生的主体作用。
3、学生主动思考积极性较差。所以以后设计问题要精，组织课堂能力要强。让学生做好充分预习，多读课文，熟悉文本。
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇九
1.知识与能力：
把握相关的文言字词，翻译并背诵课文，理解托物言志的写法。
2.过程与方法：
疏通文意以学生运用辅导资料自己把握课文与教师点拨相结合。
3.情感态度与价值观：
理解作者高洁傲岸的节操和安贫乐道的生活情趣。
重点：
掌握文中重点文言字词以及背诵课文。
难点：
领悟作者在文中流露出的
思想感情。
朗诵法、讲授法、自主合作与探究法。1.导入新课：
根据作者简介导入文章。
2.新课讲授：
诵读课文，分组对课文进行翻译，讲解课文。
3.巩固练习：
通过问题，巩固学生对这
篇课文的了解。
4.小结作业：
小结：阅读古人的作品,要择其善者而从制,其不善者而改之。因此,阅读古人的作品,要用现代人的眼光去看待古人,对古人的道德品质要批判的学习和接受,不断提高自身的修养。这是我们学习古人作品的最高境界。好的，今天的课程就告一段落。
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇十《陋室铭》这篇文章立意鲜明，是作者对自己志趣和节操的表白，谈到了知识分子处世立身的态度。所以，学习这篇托物言志的文章要能体会到作者高尚的精神境界，并潜移默化的受他的感染和熏陶。但是在汲取传统经验中有益的部分时，也应引导学生注意敢于创新，不墨守陈规。以课文为载体，培养学生文言文阅读的兴趣、习惯和掌握正确的阅读方法，这样学生能运用所学知识举一反三的正确朗读。
1、八年级的学生对于朗读已经并不陌生，也应该零零散散的会一些阅读的方法。然而系统的指导，特别是以文言文为例子的系统指导还不太有。正确的朗读是深入理解文章的基础；有感情的朗读是和作者产生共鸣的前提。所以，培养较高层次的朗读还是很有必要的。
2、现在的社会风气和我们学生生活的环境以及家长的观念，使得孩子们对于古人“安贫乐道”的节操和志趣缺少领悟。通过学习本文，学生会接受一次心灵的洗礼，在拜金主义、享乐主义的污浊世风中保持心灵的纯净。然而，学生所处的又是竞争激烈、经济高速发展的时代，这又需要引导学生古为今用的理解“安贫乐道”。
1、熟练地诵读课文，让学生在读中理解、读中感悟，提高朗读水平。
2、掌握本文出现的文言现象，了解文中作者运用的写作手法。
3、理解作者的思想感情，体会古人高尚的情操，领会“安贫乐道”的含义，并正确的看待“贫”、“富”和“道”的关系。
多媒体课件。创设情景，激发学生兴趣。
（一）导入
1、假设你的眼前有两座房子：一个是王公大厦，华丽无比，里面有绫罗绸缎的床铺，有山珍海味，就跟《红楼梦》里的大观园似的。另一个是茅屋草房，绿草茵茵，不过你可能得吃粗茶淡饭和布衣裳。你喜欢哪个？老师要听真心话啊。（找两名学生回答，只要是真心话即可）
再追加一个条件：如果你选择第一个，你可能被迫要说一些违心的话，甚至还要做你良心上不愿去做的事。但是如果你住第二个房子，则会有知音相伴，可以坚守真我，率性而为。那你又做何选择？（两生交流）
那我们学习以下《陋室铭》，看看刘禹锡住的什么样的房子，为什么他喜欢这间陋室。学完之后，你是否改变原先的选择？
2、文学常识
学生交流“铭”的文体和刘禹锡的简要资料。韵脚在朗读时注意清晰、响亮。
由《秋词》中“自古逢秋悲寂寥，我言秋日胜春朝”，别人悲秋，他却喜秋，他就是这么与众不同。世人都喜欢住大房子，他却独爱陋室。还写了这篇《陋室铭》。
（二）朗读
1、自由朗读一遍课文，准备展示。
2、一生展示，其他同学认真听读，准备做点评。
3、学生在互评的基础上，归纳朗读的方法。
（1）要读准字音，不要错读
（2）要分清句读（dou），不读破句
两个事例：苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。
无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳行。
理解“乱、劳”的用法，知道“丝竹、案牍”的意思，体会“之”的用法—————起舒缓语气的作用。
学生通过反复试读，根据句子的意思，根据语感就可正确断句，学生可以按照这种方法正确的读出其他句子的节奏。
（3）要读出语气（轻重缓急、抑扬顿挫、运用声音表情达意）
4、分层朗读，试图读出语气。
（1）山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵。斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。
一生试读。其他同学做点评。轻重缓急、抑扬顿挫的把握。
引导学生找出三句该重读的句子，体会前两句的“铺陈”的作用。解决重点字词“名、灵、德馨”的意思，并注意这几个词语的重读。
师范读，学生都不由自主的自己朗读起来
若干生再读，有进步。
（2）苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。
第一句，学生能把握句子的美感，并知道试着读出这种美，可借助想象，想象成你就在这种环境中。
第二句，学生能感觉出作者因交往之雅而产生的自豪感。生读出这种感情。
第四五句，读出生活的悠然自得之情。
学生在自己总结语气、语调特点的基础上能自主朗读。老师和学生一起读，应起一个垂范的作用。
小组内部交流朗读，声声互评。
展示小组成果，班级内部互相比较。
（3）南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云：何陋之有？
把握反问句的语气特点，理解引用孔子这句话的作用。了解“之”的作用。
学生通过自己的分析，都能把握如何读了。
注：为了保持诵读的连续性，必须采用“短兵相接”的方式，无论解词、串句、说大意、指示读法都只能用三言两语，点到即止，切忌繁琐、拖沓。
5、“忘我”的读
学习古人诵读诗文时的状态——陶醉。
学生可以采用各种姿势，只要是找一个最能投入的状态“忘我”地读。
自己试一试
展示
全班诵读
6、背诵
本文以双句为主，且绝大多数是对偶句便于背诵。
学生找找对偶句背诵一下。
全班背诵。
（三）理解文章内容，把握作者的思想感情。
问题：作者称他的居室为陋室，那么他认为这个房子“陋”还是“不陋”呢？
生齐答
问题：那你是如何看出来的？
明确：（1）主人“德馨”（2）环境优美、交往之雅、生活有情趣（3）以诸葛庐、子云亭类比，并引用“何陋之有”。【板书】
问题：作者为陋室写了一篇“铭”，仅仅是写它吗？有没有弦外之音？
理解托物言志的手法。
明确作者安贫乐道、洁身自好的高尚情操。
（四）深入探究
问题：你理解安贫乐道么？
明确：所谓安贫乐道，即安于贫穷的境遇，乐于奉行自己信仰的道德准则。
问题：你还知道历史上哪些人具有这种品质？现在还有这样得人么？
学生交流的基础上，教师有所准备。例如：孟子的“贫贱不能移”；陶渊明不为五斗米折腰；杜甫的“贫贱至极，笔耕不辍”；朱自清宁可饿死也不吃美国的救济粮……还有抛弃都市生活选择支教的年轻人，例如徐本禹，还有守着清贫在自己的岗位上默默奉贤得人
问题：古人把安贫乐道作为一种人生的最高境界，你怎样看待？在今天这个社会，“乐道”就要“安贫”吗？
学生讨论交流，各抒己见。
教师引导：“安贫乐道”的核心在于什么？是“安贫”还是“乐道”？
学生异口同声——乐道
生活中有没有“富而有道”的人吗？
学生交流
教师小结：你可以富有，也可以贫穷，但你一定得把“道”放在心中，只有这样，你才能活得敞亮，活出生活的味道，活得有志趣。
（五）作业
必做：默写课文，自己修改。用学过的朗读方法试读《爱莲说》
选做：用托物言志的手法写一段文字，用这个物来托你的志。
附板书：
教学反思：
我认为要上好一堂课，首先要有较好的整体思路，就是要解决学生“学什么”和“怎么学”的问题。在这一点上，本堂课作到了从学情出发，确定合理的教学目标。教学过程的设计体现学生的主动性，激发起了学生学习的兴趣。其次，营造和谐、融洽的气氛。本课中，我努力的拉近与学生的距离，在平等对话的基础上进行教学活动。再次，时刻关注学生。留心学生在课堂上的一点优点、一点缺点、一点思维的火花……运用教学机智使这些细节变成一个个闪光点。最后，在解决难点的时候注重“引而不发”适时的点拨，所以难点突破较自然。
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇十一
1．理解课文内容，积累文言字词，背诵本文
2．在反复诵读中领会它们丰富的内涵和精美的语言
3．体会本文托物言志的写法
1。疏通文意，分析文章内容
2。理解作者在文中所寄托的思想感情
背诵并默写课文
诵读法、讨论法、讲授法
（一）课堂导入（3分钟）
ppt展示图片金箍棒和羽毛扇，问同学们是否认识这两样东西，是否也想拥有它们。大家之所以喜欢金箍棒可能是因为孙悟空，也可能是因为它本身能够变化，具有魔力，那么，一把平凡的羽毛扇为何能够妇孺皆知，流传千古？原来是因为它的主人诸葛亮。这样说来，某样东西的价值似乎与使用它的主人有着密切的联系，今天我们要去看看一间简陋的小屋和它的主人之间，微妙的关系，一起学习《陋室铭》。导入课题，并图解“铭”这一文体。
（二）听读课文，整体感知（5分钟）
1。听示范朗读。要求一边听一边给拿不准的字注音，并且划分节奏
2。自由朗读。要求读准字音，注意停顿。
3。齐读。要求声音洪亮，整齐划一。
（三）分组合作，疏通文意
过渡：读完以后，你能不能告诉我，这“陋室”真的“陋”吗？如果不能，也没关系，可能对文章大意不太理解，因为这是篇文言文，它的意思和我们现在所使用的现代汉语有很大区别，所以，要想理解文章内容就让我们一起来疏通文意。
具体操作：本文共计九句话，全班12个小组，前9组，每小组翻译一句话，其余三组做评委。然后每组推选一位发言人分享成果。要求：先解释重点字词，再翻译整句话。
（四）抽丝剥茧，感悟情思
经过了疏通文意，大家已经了解了文章内容，那么现在能回答老师前面提出的那个问题吗？（ppt展示问题）作者笔下的这间“陋室”真的“陋”吗？请说说理由。（学生一边回答，老师一边板书）
1。“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨”作者既承认屋子简陋，又不觉得简陋，因为主人品德高尚。
2。“苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。”描写陋室环境清幽
3。“谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。”写主人交往之雅
4。“可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。”写主人情趣高雅，生活悠闲，同时也看出作者较清贫，但作者却苦中作乐，体现出作者的安贫乐道。
5。“南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云：“何陋之有？””运用类比，引古贤之名，定证“陋室”，意在以古代名贤自比，表明自己亦有古代贤人的志趣和抱负。
（五）远观全文，探究写法
问：作者这篇文章的标题是在写物，可真实情况是写物还是写人呢？答：写人。
问：主要写人的什么？
答：品德高尚
问：那同学们，作者借陋室来表达自己的志向，这种写法叫什么？
答：托物言志
（ppt展示）托物——陋室
言志——表达了作者高洁傲岸的情操和安贫乐道的情趣
（六）回顾全文，归纳主旨
揭示主旨的句子：斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。
本文主旨：作者以“陋室”不陋，表达了自己高洁傲岸的节操和安平乐道的志趣。
（七）当堂背诵
比一比，看谁背得准又快
具体操作：以大组为单位，每人背一句，以“接龙”形式背诵，比比看哪一组最流畅、清楚、快速。
（八）拓展延伸
（ppt展示两组寝室图片，一组是巴蜀中学的，另一组是本校的。前后豪华与简陋相对比）
教师：虽然我们住得没有其他学校豪华舒适，但我却希望这简陋的屋子因为有了优秀的同学们而绽放无限光彩。老师期待有一天你们能成为柏家中学的骄傲。让我们深情齐读：“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。”
（九）板书
陋斯是陋室
主人品德高尚
陋环境清幽安贫乐道
室不陋交往之雅
铭情趣之雅高洁傲岸
反问引用
托物言志
本堂课的最大优点在于朗读环节，每一次朗读都给出了明确的目标。其次是重点较突出——翻译课文。但是仍有许多不足之处，还需改进。首先，课堂整体气氛不活跃，尤其是在翻译环节的发言，形式过于单调，没有充分发动大部分同学积极思考，鼓励学生提出质疑，说出自己的想法；其次，在翻译过程中没有给予学生必要的方法指导，本课较简单，可以让学生只看原文自行翻译，有疑问时看课后注释，若不能及时解决，可提出来让同学们一起讨论，若还是没有结果，老师再进行点拨指导；再次，本课采取小组逐句翻译的形式，这不适用于简单的文言翻译，不妨大胆让学生自行翻译；最后，本堂课最大的弊病是教学时间掌握不当，内容不够精当，故导致教学任务没有按时完成。今后的教学任重而道远，希望能在各位前辈的指导下取得更大进步。
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇十二
1．学习托物言志的写作技巧。
2．让学生了解押韵及其作用，朗读、背诵全文。
3．体会作者安贫乐道、淡泊名利的高尚品质。
1．疏通文言语句，分析文章内容。
2．朗读、背诵文言课文。
1．理解作者在文中所寄寓的思想感情。
2．学习托物言志的写法。
共1课时
（一）、导入：
同学们，这座破旧简陋的房子，虽然没有流光溢彩的屋檐，也没有金碧辉煌的陈设，更没有珠光宝气的点缀，但是它却成就了唐代诗人和哲学家刘禹锡的千古名篇《陋室铭》，正如清代书画家、文学家郑板桥所说：“花香不在多，室雅何须大”。今天就让我们一起走进他的陋室，共同感受作者超越世俗的志趣和情怀。出示课题
（二）、作者简介和写作背景
作者刘禹锡（772—842），唐代诗人，哲学家。字梦得，洛阳人。曾中进士，宫接监察御史。他热心赞助王叔文的政治革新，反对宦官和藩镇割据势力。政治革新失败后，被贬官降职多次。他与柳宗元交情深厚。有《刘宾客集》。这篇《陋室铭》是他贬为和州刺史时在任上写的。
作者刘禹锡，当时他被贬到和州做刺史时，按当时规定，他应住衙门里的三间的屋子。可是和州知县见他被贬而来，便多方刁难。半年之内让他搬家三次，住房一次比一次小，最后让他住进了一所非常简陋的小房子。他在愤激之中，一气呵成，写成了《陋室铭》，并请有名的书法家柳公权刻写在碑上，竖在门外，以明心志。
（三）、板题并解题：
陋室，意为简陋的房子。“铭”古代是刻在器物上用来警戒自己或称述功德的文字，后来成为一种文体，这种文体一般都是用韵的，又讲究句式整齐，常用排比、对偶句。作者给他的陋室作铭，是要借陋室表达一种不慕荣利、安贫乐道的情怀。
（四）、朗读并感知课文：
学生自读课文：熟悉生字读音，揣摩停顿、语速、语调，感知文章内容。
（五）、掌握重点词语和语句
1．山不在高，有仙则名。 则：就 [名]：出名。译：山不在于高，有仙人就出名了。
2、水不在深，有龙则灵。 [灵]：灵验，神奇。译：水不在于深，有了龙就灵验了。
3．斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。 [斯]：这。 是：判断词 [惟]：只。[馨]：散布得远的香气，这里指品德高尚。译：这是简陋的屋子，只是我的品德高尚也就不感到简陋了。 分析：以上几句以山水作类比，引出陋室。以不高、不深衬“陋”，以“仙”“龙”衬托“德”，以“名”“灵”衬托“馨”，暗示虽陋室而不陋。陋室因主人的“德馨”而“馨”，这是陋室生辉的光点所在。这就点明了短文的主旨。
4．苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。 [上]：长到。 入：映入译：苔藓痕迹碧绿，长到台阶上；草色青葱，映入竹帘里。 分析：这是一联工整的对句。这个对句描写陋室的自然环境优美，烘托陋室不陋。
5．谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。 [鸿儒]：大儒，博学的人。 [鸿]：大。 [白丁]：平民，这里指没有什么学问的人。译：到这里谈笑的都是渊博的大学者，交往的没有知识浅薄的人。 分析：这也是一联工整的对句，写室中往来人物不俗，衬托陋室不陋。
6．可以调素琴，阅金经。 [调]：弹奏。[素琴]：不加装饰的琴。[金经]：指佛经。译：可以弹奏不加装饰的古琴，阅读佛经。
7．无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。[丝竹]：琴、瑟、箫、笛等乐器的总称。“丝”指弦乐器，“竹”指管乐器，这里指奏乐的声音。[案牍]：官府公文。[劳形]：使身体劳累。[劳]：使……劳累。[形]：身体。译：没有奏乐的声音扰乱双耳，也没有官府公文来使身体劳累。
分析：三是生活情趣高雅。“调素琴，阅金经”，从正面说，是写实，表现室主人的从容淡静；“无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形”，从反面写，是虚写，表现室主人对世俗生活的厌弃。
8、南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云：“何陋之有？”
云：说 [之]：宾语前置的标志，无实义。译：南阳有诸葛亮的草庐，西蜀有扬子云的亭子。孔子说：“有什么简陋的呢？” 分析：最后几句，总结全文。先以“诸葛庐”“子云亭”作类比，反映了作者以古代贤人自况的思想境界，暗示陋室不陋。然后又引用孔子的话“君子居之，何陋之有”画龙点睛，总结全文，与篇首的“惟吾德馨”遥相呼应，有力地表现了作者甘居陋室，不以为陋的高尚情操。
小结：这篇铭文通过赞扬简陋的居室，表达了作者不慕荣利、保持高尚节操的愿望和不求闻达、安贫乐道的生活情趣。
（六）、整体感知
1、这里诗人用有仙之山，有龙之水具体比什么？
“山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵。运用比喻、对偶起兴，以虚衬实，以山水引出陋室。这里，用山、水来比“室”，用“不在高”“不在深”比“陋”，用“仙”“龙”来比“德”，用“名”和“灵”来比“馨”。
作者的目的是写陋室，却用山水作比喻，这种方法叫比兴。这种比兴的修辞，不仅构思新颖，文意通达，而且句句相连，使文意波澜起伏耐人寻味。既然山之名不在于高而在于仙，水之灵不在于深而在于龙，那么，室之陋与不陋，也就不在于它是否富丽堂皇，而在于主人之德是否高尚。看来“馨”字画龙点睛，统领全篇，是全文的文眼。
2、“斯是陋堂，惟吾德馨。”这两句在文中起什么作用？深刻含义是什么？
“陋室”二字扣题。“德馨”二字统领全篇，是全文的核心。用“惟”字加强语气。这两句包含两层意思，一层是由于人的品德高尚，就忘却了室陋，另一层意思是由于人的品德高尚为陋室增光添采。
3、陋室不陋具体表现在哪些方面呢？
a、“苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青”，写环境的清幽、雅致。——景。反映出室主人淡泊名利的志趣。这是写陋室的环境，用的是对偶、拟人的修辞方法。“上、入”采用拟人的方法，以动写静，采用拟人的手法，赋予苔藓、草色以人的灵性，“苔藓”也想从台阶爬到陋室，听听主人在说些什么；“草色”也想从窗户窥视主人在干些什么。这样把苔藓和青草写活了。既有精神又有韵味，我们已不觉陋室的环境凄凉、荒芜，而感觉春意正浓，生机盎然。用拟人的手法渲染了环境的幽雅，流露出了作者的喜悦之情。
b、“谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁”，写朋友的贤良儒雅，反映出室主人高洁傲岸的情怀。除了对偶，还有衬托。作者没写自己是什么人，而是写与他交往的朋友。俗话说，欲知其人应知其友，知其友者必知其人。因此我们便得知主人必是高雅之士。主人德才兼备，表明主人高雅脱俗的情怀。
c、“可以调素琴，阅金经，无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形”，写生活的高雅脱俗（陋室主人的情趣），反映出室主人不为琐事萦怀的心态。有正面描写即实写的句子，“可以调素琴，阅金经”；也有反面描写即虚写的句子，“无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形”。“可以调素琴”与“无丝竹之乱耳”对应，“阅金经”与“无案牍之劳形”相对应。这样正反对照，虚实相生，表明了作者恬淡闲适、安贫乐道的情趣。陋室之景宜人，陋室之人高雅，陋室之事有趣。看来，陋室其实不陋，这一切又是为了陪衬“惟吾德馨”，呼应开头。正因为主人道德高尚，名声远扬，陋室才见其不陋。
4、文章主旨至此已突出，意思似乎已写尽，为什么又写诸葛庐、子云亭呢？
运用类比，以“庐”、“亭”比“陋室”，以“诸葛、子云”自此，意在以古代名贤自比，表明自己也具有古代名贤的志趣和抱负。
▲历史上或现实生活中有哪些陋室不陋的例子？请举例。
床头屋漏，雨脚如麻的杜甫草堂。
5．提问：文章结尾引孔子的话“何陋之有”，有什么含义？
教师点拨：孔子这句话是个典故，孔子打算搬到九夷山去住，有人对他说：“那个地方十分简陋，你怎么能去住呢？”孔子回答说：“君子居之，何陋之有？”孔子的话很坦率，而刘禹锡只引后一句，那是因为前一句的意思已包含在文章中了，其意却正在前一句，言外之意、弦外之音。自己就是和孔子一类的君子，这样更突出了作者高洁伟岸、不随世俗的志趣和抱负。陋室不陋，关键在于“君子居之”“惟吾德馨”。文章结尾引经据典，力发千钧，把作者的思想推到了高峰。
6、赏析诵读——欣赏形式美
本文是一篇骈文。字数相同、意思相对的两个相接的句子，叫做骈句。骈句不仅讲究对偶，而且讲究声律。本文中的押韵就是讲究声律的表现之一。押韵指在句末或联句之末用韵母、声调相同的字。
文中名、灵、馨、青、丁、经、形、亭押韵。骈文押韵使人加深了印象；同时便于吟诵和记忆，有声调和节奏之美。
7、“托物言志”：
是指通过描写客观事物，寄托、传达作者的某种感情、抱负和志趣。即将个人之“志”依托在某个具体之“物”上。于是，这个“物”便具有了某种象征意义，成为作者的志趣、意愿或理想的寄托者。如“松、竹、梅”岁寒三友，常用于表示高洁的志向；“泥土”常用于抒发谦逊的情怀；“蜡烛”常用于颂扬无私奉献的精神。
（七）、总结：
这篇铭文通过赞美简陋的居室，表达了作者高洁傲岸的节操和安贫乐道的情怀
（八）、用课文原句回答问题
1、本文的主旨句是 斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。
2、表现陋室主人交往之雅的句子是： 谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。
3、文中描写陋室环境恬静、雅致，令人赏心悦目的语句是： 苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。
4、写生活情趣的句子是： 可以调素琴，阅金经。
5、用比喻赞美陋室的句子是 南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。
6、《陋室铭》一文作者认为陋室不陋的原因： 孔子云：“何陋之有？
（九）、对比阅读
[ 甲] 山不在高，有仙则名，水不在深，有龙则灵 斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青，谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云：“何陋之有？”（刘禹锡《陋室铭》）
[乙] 吾室之内，或栖于椟①，或陈于前，或枕于床，俯仰四顾无非书者。吾饮食起居，疾病呻吟，悲忧愤叹，未尝不与书俱。宾客不至，妻子不觌②，而风雨雷雹之变有不知也。间有意欲起，而乱书围之，如积槁枝，或至不得行，辄自笑曰：“此非吾所谓巢者邪！”乃引客就观之，客始不能入，既入又不能出，乃亦大笑曰：“信乎其似巢也！”（《陆游筑书巢》）注释：①椟：dú，木柜、木匣，这里指书橱②觌：dí，相见1.解释加横线的词语（2分） （1）有仙则名（出名（著名） ） （2）妻子不觌（妻子和儿女（子女） ）2.翻译下面句子（4分）（1）孔子云：“何陋之有？” 孔子说：“有什么简陋的呢？” （2）辄自笑曰：“此非吾所谓巢者邪！”
（陆游）就自己笑自己（自我解嘲）说：“这不就是我所说的书窝吗！”
1、联想与想象是语文的翅膀，缺少联想与想象的语文课也就缺少了灵性。为此，在进行教学时，让学生展开想象的翅膀，以“透过文字，你看到了什么？听到了什么？闻到了什么？”的提问方式引导学生进行想象，使陋室之雅具体地表现出来，为突出陋室“何陋之有”张本。而以往教学此文时，为突出“陋室不陋”这一重点，一般设计的题目为“陋室环境如何？陋室主人交往情况怎样？陋室主人有怎样的兴趣爱好？”提问琐碎，学生也不明白回答这些问题的目的何在。而改动后有力地突出了重点，也解决了难点。
2、“语文的外延与生活的外延相等”，语文必须与现实社会紧密联系，方可体现语文教学的现实意义。因此，课上在分析完陋室主人安贫乐道、高洁傲岸的情操之后，我设计了一个小讨论：“今天的你如何看待这种不慕名利、安贫乐道的做法？”这个问题的设计应是学生最有话说的部分，但在教学过程中学生有些怯场，我也没有留下足够的时间，一起参与学生的讨论，导致学生没有充分讨论和大胆发言，这是我的失误。
3、培养学生主动质疑，大胆发问的习惯和能力。因此我设计了一个学生质疑发问的环节，鼓励学生从读书中发现问题，提高学生解决问题的能力。这个环节因为留的时间相对充足些，学生提出了一些很有价值的问题，如“为何以《陋室铭》为题？”“为何自比名人居室？”“篇末为何引用孔子的话作为结束语？”“为何自比‘南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭’？”“为何将平民比作白丁，是否歧视平民？”等等。学生在质疑的过程中，也在思考着如何解答这些问题，这个思维的过程本身就是教学的目的。
4、语文课上应有琅琅读书声，尤其是文言文。《陋室铭》是一篇文质兼美、脍炙人口的名篇。课堂上无论是范读、散读、齐读，乃至背诵，目的都是让学生从读中去悟作者的感情，品味文字的美感。
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇十三
1、掌握作者。
2、掌握本课实词重点语句。
3、能顺畅的翻译课文。
4、能用原文回答问题。
5、背诵课文。
同目标2、3、4。
一、以《酬乐天扬州席上出逢见赠》导入，学生介绍作者。
本文选自《全唐文》。作者刘禹锡（772—842），唐代诗人，哲学家。字梦得，洛阳人。曾中进士，官接监察御史。他热心赞助王叔文的政治革新，反对宦官和藩镇割据势力。政治革新失败后，被贬官降职多次。他与柳宗元交情深厚。有《刘宾客集》。这篇《陋室铭》是他贬为和州刺史时在任上写的。
二、出示学习目标
三、检查预习
1. 读准字音
2. 朗读课文，可采取多种方法朗读，如老师范读、听课文录音、学生个别读、集体朗读等。
3.
四、学生分小组进入网络完成学习任务。
1、请学生逐句翻译课文。掌握重点词语。
有仙则名：著名。 有龙则灵：灵异。
斯是陋室：这。 惟吾德馨：惟：只是，德馨：品德高尚。
苔痕上阶绿：长到。 草色入帘青：映入。
谈笑有鸿儒：博学的人。 往来无白丁：指没有什么学问的人。
无丝竹之乱耳：指琴瑟、管弦等乐器，这里借代奏乐的声音。
无案牍之劳形：案牍：官府的公文。劳形：使身体劳累。
何陋之有：是有何陋的倒装句，有什么简陋的呢？
2、提问：“山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵。”运用什么修辞手法？在文中起什么作用？
运用比喻、对偶起兴，以虚衬实，以山水引出陋室。
3、提问：“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。”这两句在文中起什么作用？深刻含义是什么？
“陋室”二字扣题。“德馨”二字统领全篇，是全文的核心。用“惟”字加强语气。这两句包含两层意思，一层是由于人的品德高尚，就忘却了室陋，另一层意思是由于人的品德高尚为陋室增光添采。
4、提问：“苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青”是写什么？
写陋室幽雅恬静的自然环境。
5、提问：“谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁”是写什么？
写陋室来往客人之高雅。可知堂中人也是一样的高雅。
6、提问：“可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形”这几句写什么？
写室中事。可见主人高雅脱俗的情致，怡然自得的神情。
7、提问：“南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。”这两句写什么？
运用类比，引古贤之名定证“陋室”，意在以古代名贤自比，表明自己也具有古代名贤的志趣和抱负。
8、提问：“孔子云：何陋之有？”是写什么？
语见《论语·子罕》：“子欲居九夷，或曰；‘陋，如之何？’子曰：‘君子居之，何陋之有？’”孔子认为，九夷虽然简陋，但是有君子住在那里，就不简陋了。此处引用孔子的话证“陋室”说明“有德者居之，则陋室不陋。”与前文“斯是陋室，惟吾德馨”遥相呼应。把个“陋”字彻底翻了过来，达到“不陋”的最完美的境界，这是全文的点睛之笔。突出表明了作者高洁傲岸的情操和安贫乐道的情趣。
四、完成课堂反馈
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇十四
本设计根据《九年义务教育语文课程标准》的要求，针对铭文用韵和称扬道德的特点，通过诵读和韵译，使学生整体感知文本内容，感受铭文的音韵之美。教学中，注意扣住“德馨”，从描叙和议论两个角度，引导学生体味作者的情操之美，领略文章文法之妙。在此基础上，促成学生当堂背诵全文。
1.背诵名篇名句。
2.体悟作者安贫乐道，保持高尚节操的情怀。
3.培养学生运用托物言志等手法表达自我的能力。
诵读，讨论。
1课时
一﹑感受音韵之美
师：今天我们共同学习刘禹锡的《陋室铭》。“铭”者(板书：铭)，记载也，在器物或碑石上刻字，表示永记不忘，后来逐渐发展成为一种文体。为了便于广泛传诵，牢记不忘，文字简约的铭文都非常讲究修辞，讲究押韵。本文虽然篇制短小，但运用对偶等修辞，句式整齐，节奏明快，同时通篇协韵(“青”韵通押到底)，读起来朗朗上口，充满了音韵之美，乃韵文也(板书：韵)。
欣赏配乐朗诵《陋室铭》。
师：感受这篇铭文的音韵之美，一要把节奏韵律读好。
复习节奏的概念(句中根据音节或意义进行有规律的停顿叫做节奏)。指名根据刚才欣赏的配乐朗诵，朗读文中停顿需要注意的几个重点句子(投影：①苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。②可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形)，要求正确停顿。
师生正读：
①苔痕/上阶/绿，草色/入帘/青。②可以/调素琴，阅金经。无/丝竹之乱耳，无/案牍之劳形。
生齐声诵读全文，体味明快的节奏韵律之美。
师：感受这篇铭文的音韵之美，二要把韵脚读好。
复习韵脚的概念(放在句尾的韵母相同或相近的字)。生标出韵脚。生齐声诵读全文，体味押韵的回环往复之美。
师：感受这篇铭文的音韵之美，三要韵译(针对这篇铭文作为韵文的特点，根据韵文韵译的原则)，而不是一般的翻译。一般的翻译只注意求索原文的意蕴美，而韵译还注意不失原文的音韵美。这样翻译后，与原文保持一致的美。翻译时，尽量让上下句的字数相等，结构基本一致，同时注意押韵。
学生利用书下注释，结合自己的理解，老师点拨，韵译。
参考韵译：山不在于高，有仙人(居住)就能天下闻名;水不在于深，有龙(潜藏)则可降福显
陋室铭教学设计导入 短文两篇陋室铭教学设计篇十五
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