人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退，写作可以弥补记忆的不足，将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来，也便于保存一份美好的回忆。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，欢迎大家分享阅读。
口译符号和缩写篇一
英文口译同样要学速记笔记符号与缩写，为方便大家学习记忆，yjbys小编为大家分享笔记符号与缩写全文如下：
cf = compare
e.g. = example
dept = department
只使用单词的第一个音节
pol = politics
dem = democracy
lib = liberal
cap = capitalism
pres = presentation
subj = subject
ind = inspanidual
cons = conservative
assoc = associate
biol = biology
info = information
ach = achievement
chem = chemistry
max = maximum
intro = introduction
conc = concentration
min = minimum
rep = repetition
ppd = prepared
prblm = problem
estmt = estimate
bkgd = background
gvt = government
use an apostrophe in place of letters.
am't = amount
cont'd = continued
gov't = government
educat'l = educational
chpts = chapters
egs = examples
fs = frequencies
intros = introductions
use g to represent ing endings.
ckg = checking
estg = establishing
decrg = decreasing
exptg = experimenting
tips
※spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. examples:
in
but
as
key
※leave out unimportant verbs. examples:
is
was
were
※leave out unnecessary articles. examples:
a
an
the
※use symbols for common connective or transition words. examples:
@ at
2 to
4 for
& and
w/ with
w/o without
vs against
= therefore
= = is or equal
use technical symbols where applicable.
zb = german, for example
ibid = latin, the same work
o = degrees
h2o = water
+ plus
// parallel
other symbols and abbreviations
as a result of / consequences of <--->
resulting in --->
and / also +
equal to / same as =
following ff
most importantly *
less than <
greater than > especially esp/
mkt: market
mgr: manager
msg: message
std: standard
rcv: receive
info information
ins insurance
exch exchange
i owe you iou
in stead of i/o
wk week
rm room
pl people
根据发音
r are
tho though
thru throu
z 表示"人"people/person，因为"z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：jz。
c 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母c 读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用c来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 cz
p 表示政治：politics, political 希腊字母p 读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician 就可以表示为 pz
e 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. e 数学符号表示总值。
g 表示效率：efficient, effective。g 为效率符号。
q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation 因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
a 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture 经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
b 表示商业：business。
c× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "c×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"c"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
w 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work 的第一个字母。所以wz 就可以用来表示worker, 而w(z 在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
u u 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在u 内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral(双边的),填入3 表示为trilateral(三边的')。填入在u 中填入1 表示: unilateralism(单边主义)，填入m
(multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在u 上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。
o 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country, state, nation, 表示进口，og 表示出口，这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.
t 表示"领导人"：leader, head 那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 ct
⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium
k 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。
o 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的：international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.
j 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.
l 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.
eo 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.
o 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc.
箭头
g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.
表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.
表示屈服：submit to
f 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.
表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate
h 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.
表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.
表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc
表示"波折"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.
+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more
+3 表示"多"的最高级：most
- 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.
> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.
< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.
表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.
= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.
( ) 表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.
≠ 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.
表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.
～ 表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.
/ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.
标点等
: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
? 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾回归问题：tw?
. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"
表示two month ago。"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."
∧ 表示转折
√ 表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.
表示"同意"状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.
☆ 表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary(模范的) best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.
n 表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.
& 表示"和"，"与"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.
∥ 表示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
较长单词的处理办法
-ism 简写为 m 例如：socialism sm
-tion 简 简写为 n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn
-cian 简 简写为 o 例如：technician techo
-ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) mktg
-ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd
-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl
-ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt
-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz
-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnf
缩略词
原词
apt
apartment
acc
accountant
acdg
according
acpt
accept
ad
advertisement
ads
address
adv
advice
amap
as much/many as possible
amt
amount
apv
approve
asap
as soon as possible
bal
balance
bldg
building
cert
certificate
cfm
conform
cncl
cancel
cnf
conference
cmi
commission
cmp
complete
cmpe
compete/competitive
cmu
communication
conc
concern/concerning/concerned
cond
condition
co.
company
dept
department
disc
discount
dpt
departure
exch
exchange
expln
explain
ext
extent
flt
flight
fnt
final
frt
freight
fyr
for your reference
gd
good
guar
guarantee
h.o.
home office
info
information
imps
impossible
imp(t)
important
incd
include
inspan
inspanidual
ins
insurance
intst
interested
i/o
in stead of
iou
i owe you
ivo
in view of
manuf
manufacture
mdl
model
memo
memorandum
mgr
manger
min
minimum
mkt
market
msg
message
ncry
necessary
nlt
no later than
obs
observe
obt
obtain
ord
ordinary
pat
patent
pc
piece
pkg
packing
pl
people
pls
please
posn
position
poss(bl)
possible
prod
product
qlty
quality
quty
quantity
rcv
receive
ref
reference
regl
regular
rep
representative
