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定语从句的考点归纳初中篇一
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定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。下面是小编帮大家整理的定语从句的考点归纳，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
定语从句是中学英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近年各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有"插入语"的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句； where 、 when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。
例如：
（1）——do you have anything in mind _________ you'd like for supper?
——well, _________ is ok with me.
a. that ; anything b. which ; everything
c. what ; whatever d. where ; something
选a。
（2）the wrong you've done him is terrible, for ______ you should make an apology to him, i think.
a. this b. which
c. what d. that
选b。
正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which。）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分。
例如：
（3）he should stand near the stage ________ he could watch and follow the play.
a. where b. when
c. that d. there
选a。
（4）do you think the reason _______ he gave is believable.
a. for which b. which
c. why d. what
选b。
（5）we are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer.
a. which b. that
c. whose d. when
选d。
当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。
例如：
（6）the first textbooks ______ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
a. having written b. to be written
c. being written d. written 选d。
（7）the train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for wuhan.
（8）any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the lost property office.
定语从句的考点之四
定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。
例如：
（8）he made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.
a. which i think it is b. which i think is
c. which i think it d. i think which is
选b。
（9）this is the hospital _____ they visited last year and is the one _____ i worked in five years ago.
；where ；that
；where ；that
选d。
（10）there are dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.
a. that b. which
c. where d. when
选c。
对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现"介词+关系代词"。先行词指物，用"介词+which", 指人则用"介词+whom", 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。
2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。
例如：
（11）this flower doesn't do well in soil other than the one_____ it has been specially developed.
which
which 选a。
（12）anyway, that evening, ____i will tell you more about later, i ended up staying at rachel's place.
a. when b. where
c. what d. which
选d。
关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。as引导的定性定语从句有"正如"之意，而which引导的没有。
例如：
（13）our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _____ we could not work out.
a. that b. which
c. as d. even
选c。
（14）carl said the work would be done by october , _______ personally i doubt very much.
a. it b. that
c. when d. which
选d。
（15）________ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress.
a. it b. as
c. that d. what
选b。
解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，（进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。）再行答题。
例如：
（16）the teacher wanted to teach us ___ he knew at this last lesson.
a. all which b. all what
c. of which d. everything which
选b。
（17）meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _______ i will always treasure.
a. that b. one c. it d. what 选b。
（18） mrs brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _____went wrong again.
a. it repair b. it repaired
c. repaired d. to be repaired
选c。
（19）______is well-known that antarctica is difficult to reach
a. it b. what
c. as d. which
选 a
（20）_______is well-known , antarctica is difficult to reach.
a. it b. what
c. as d. which
选c。
（21）_______is well-known is that antarctica is difficult to reach.
a. it b. what
c. as d. which
选b。
虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定就能把握定语从句的用法。
1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
①指人的先行词
②指物的先行词
★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
he has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词
2.关系词：引导定语的词
(1)关系词的作用
①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）
②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）
③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）
(2)关系词的分类
①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
②关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定
（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）
③关系副词：在从句中作状语(when/where/why)
3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子
1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。
he is a teacherwhoworks at our school.
2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)
beijing,whichis the capital of china, is a beautiful city with a long history.
比较：
he has two sons, who work in the same company.
(he has only two sons.)
he has two sons who work in the same company.
(perhaps he has two more sons)
1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
she is the girl (whom / that)i loved before. (可以省略whom/that)
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语
he is no longer the boy (that)he used to be. (可以省略that)
(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略
housing price is a problem(that/which) people are interested in.
比较：
housing price is a problemin whichpeople are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）
2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)
(1)用that的情况
①以疑问词who开头的句子中
who is the manthatis shouting there?
②关系代词在从句中作表语时
she is not the girlthatshe used to be.
③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰
this is the very personthatwe are looking for.
(2)用who的情况
①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等
thosewhowant to go to the cinemawill have towait at the gate of the school.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who
who is the boythatwon the gold medal?
③在there be 结构中
there are many young menwhoare against him.
④在非限定性定语从句当中
tom,whois my best friend,has gone abroad to study.
3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)
(1)用which的情况
①在非限定性定语从句中
she lost the game,whichdepressed her greatly.
②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语
the penwith whichyou writeis jack's.
③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.
let me show you the novelthati borrowed from the librarywhichis newly open to us.
(2)用that的情况
①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等
she did allthatshe couldto help us.
②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时
this is the very bookthati want.
③先行词中既有人又有物时
she described in her compositions the people andhe placesthatimpressed her most.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
this is the best bookthati have ever read.
this is the first filmthati've seensince i came here.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用that
he built a factorywhichproduced thingsthathad never been seen before.
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that
who is the personthatis standing at the gate?
引导定语从句用法
(1)as 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
常用于以下句型当中：such/so….. as…. 像…..一样 the same …. as… 和…...同样的
a computer issouseful a machineaswe can use everyday.
he is notthe samemanashe was.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
as i remember, there were a net bar here.
taiwan is an inseparable part of china, as is known to all.
★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别
this isthe samebikethati lost yesterday.(同一事物)
this isthe samebikeasi lost yesterday. （同类事物）
5.关系副词的运用
(1)when 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等
i still remember the daywheni first came to beijing. (when=on which)
(2)where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等
can you tell me the officewherehe works?
(where = in which)
(3)why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.
i don't want to listen to any reasonwhyyou were absent.
(why = for which)
★ 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词
★ where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）等
what are the situationswherebody languageis the only form of communication?
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where = in which)
6.几个特殊的先行词
(1)way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填
the wayin which / that / 不填he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.
比较：the way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.
★way在定语中作tell的宾语
(2)先行词time
time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句
this is the first timethatthe president has visited the country.
time作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词when
this was the timewhenthere were no radios, no telephones or no tv sets
★此时when = during which 在..期间
(3)先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填
this is the reasonwhy/for which/that/不填he can not come here.
比较：is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.
★reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语
7.介词+关系代词
★该结构的关系代词只有两种即 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人）
★该结构介词的选用原则：
(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配
this is the bookon whichi spent $ 8.
this is the bookfor whichi paid $ 8.
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯
i remember the daysduring whichi lived there.
i remember the dayon whichi graduated from university.
(3)根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定
the colorless gaswithout whichwe can't live is called oxygen.
(4)英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词
here is the money with whichto buy the piano.
she is the right person on whom to depend
注意：
①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略
the person (whom/who/that) you will write to is todd.
②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等
this is the baby that you will look after.
8.定语从句的主谓一致
(1)当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
the great wall is one of the world-famous buildingsthatdraw lots of visitorevery year.
(2)当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式
the great wall is the only one of the buildings on the earththatis seen from themoon.
(3)先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
great changes have taken place in china,asis known to all.
he has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us.
9.定语从句的转化
定语从句可以转换为 –ing或-ed形式
the girl(who is) dancing nowjust returned from taiwan.
i love the stories(which were) written by hemingway.
the man(who stands) standing thereis my friend.
10.定语从句的解题方法
(1)判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句）
(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词
注意：
①关系代词whose的用法。whose在定语从句中做定语。
当先行词是人：whose = the + 名词 + of whom
当先行词是物：whose = the + 名词 + of which
do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?
i'd like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.
②that引导定语从句，名词性从句 和 强调句型的区别:
定语从句中的that: 关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。
名词性从句中的that：从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。
强调句中的that, 运用于it is/was…that..结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。
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