人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退，写作可以弥补记忆的不足，将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来，也便于保存一份美好的回忆。范文书写有哪些要求呢？我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢？接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写，我们一起来看一看吧。
英美文学教学研究篇一
2009级师范三班刘静 robinson crusoe is written by defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of english novel and the periodical is the father of the english novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the anglican father is a businessman, doing article influenced the later development of journal articles and e the speech, he was repeatedly the age of 59 defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable on crusoe robinson is defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous is based on a british seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and on is the heroine of defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working novel opens english realistic novel this novel, there are so many about the wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young on crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern most qualities i learn from robinson crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, inspanidualized, and humane portrayal in the english novel, friday has a huge literary and cultural rewritings of the crusoe story, like e’s foe and michel tournier’s friday, emphasize the sad consequences of crusoe’s
failure to understand friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s s his importance to our culture, friday is a key figure within the context of the ’s sincere questions to crusoe about the devil, which crusoe answers only
indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether crusoe’s knowledge of christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to friday’s full
understanding of his own god short, friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of crusoe’s e friday’s subjugation, however, crusoe appreciates friday much more than he would a mere does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves friday, which is a
remarkable may bring friday christianity and clothing, but friday brings crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that crusoe’s own european heart novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is our hands, then see a new is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about brave, and
never lose hope.
英美文学教学研究篇二
术语解释：
couplets: a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter : 14 iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme conquest: in the year the normans headed by which is mainly about canterbury tales, in chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of boccaccio’s decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were m shakespeare, one of the first founders of the first period of his work shakespeare wrote:
1590the second and third part of king henry vi
1591the first part of king henry vi
1592the life and death of king richard iii;the comedy of errors
1593titus andronicus;the taming of the shrew
1594the two gentlemen of verona;love’s labour’s lost;romeo and juliet
1595the life and death of richard ii;a midsummer night’s dream
***8much ado about nothing;the merry wives of windsor;the life of king henry v
1599the life and death of julius caesar;as you like it
1600twelfth night, or, what you will
in the second period:
1601 1602 troilus and cressida;all’s well that ends well
160416051606antony and cleopatra
1607the tragedy of coriolanus;timon of athens
1608pericles, prince of tyre
in the third period:
1609cymbeline, king of britain
1610the winter’s tale
1612the tempest;the life of king henry viii
be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a die, to sleep, no s bacon is scientist, philosopher, donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人)
john milton, his paradise lost, which tells how satan rebelled against god and how adam and eve were driven1
out of bunyan, the plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻画人物。
daniel defoe, robinson crusoe, the first english novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主人公鲁滨孙的成功刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏艰难和困苦，充满野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，顽强毅力和斗志，依靠自己的双手改变一切、创造一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of swift, his gulliver’s travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以讽刺的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。attack the britain
parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that tinry fielding is the father of english smith is the first american jefferson is the writer of the declaration of literature of romanticism period is from american war of independence to before the civil ing historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on
depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express
transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都是平等的。
henry david thoreau is the beginner of melville, american novelist, proser and dick, in which shows the struggle between
mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏
sonnet 18
shall i compare thee to a summer's day?我能否将你比作夏天？
thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。
rough winds do shake the darling buds of may,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，and summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。
sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空，and often is his gold complexion dimm'd,转眼会云雾迷蒙。
and every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘零，by chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于无常的天命。
but thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新
nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫发无损。
nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁，when in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的诗中长存。
so long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，so long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。
全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。
二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美
sonnet 29
when, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼，i all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘零，and trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,and look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰，wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于希望，featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一样广交游，desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行，with what i most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头；
yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我正要这样看轻自己，haply i think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地
from sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门：
for thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有，that then i scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。
赏析：对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter）.韵式，即abab
cdcd efef gg。
to a waterfowl《 致 水 鸟 》
-----by william cullen bryant威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特
whither, 'midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠，while glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空灿烂，白日的行程就要结束；
far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，thy solitary way?你往何方把孤单的前程追逐？
总结：as the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, i wonder where you(waterfowl)are
going?
vainly the fowler's eye看你远远飞翔而无计可施，might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾；
as, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你映衬，thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。
总结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and t success, a hunter(fowler)might try to
bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening 'st thou the plashy brink你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨，of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？
or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩，on the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？
• 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?
there is a power whose care有上苍把你关照，teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在无路的海岸为你指路，the desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和无边的空际，lone wandering, but not lost.你孤单的飘荡不致迷途。
• 总结：there is a power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of may be wandering and alone, but you are not day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕动翅膀，at that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空气稀薄暴风寒冷，飞在高处，yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地，though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。
总结：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath soon that toil shall end,你很快就会结束这样的劳苦，soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即将找到你夏天的住处；
and scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼唤自己的伙伴，soon o'er thy sheltered nest.芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。
• 总结：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your your journey will
you will descend to your summer , you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall 'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身躯全被吞没，hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深渊里，你踪影全无；
deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底，and shall not soon depart.我将久久地久久地把它记住。
• 总结:i can no longer see you, but i will never forget the lesson you taught , who, from zone to zone,谁，从一个地方到另一个地方，guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越无限的天空作必然的飞翔，in the long way that i must tread alone,也会在我必须独自跋涉的长途上，will lead my steps aright.正确地引导我的脚步。
赏析：there are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.
英美文学教学研究篇三
《英美文学》复习方法
一、找到《英美文学》的辅导书，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通车》等类型的汉语版辅导书。
二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读，理解了全书每个章节的内容和知识点；用汉语记录重点；
三、第一轮复习顺序：
1、先看英国文学，后看美国文学
2、按照时间顺序看，每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品
3、按照课本的章节顺序，看完汉语译文后，对照英语译文，划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题；评论部分是简单题和问答题；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看；记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。
4、按照章节划出重点信息，然后整理笔记；
5、全部整理完毕之后，基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。
四、第二轮复习顺序
1、找到历年真题，做题的时候对照答案，寻找该答案在课文原文中的原始线索，并作好整理记录；
2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后，对课本的重点知识就有了比较清楚的理解；
五、考前突击复习
1、依据真题笔记和第二轮复习的笔记，对不熟悉的部分进行重点复习。
2、根据以往考题的研究，旧题还会重新考，所以大家要关注所有做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性知识的部分，这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了，所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点知识网络，所以认真复习真题并理解消化，整理帮助记忆，这对于考试制胜是最好的办法。
*警告：千万不要抛开课本直接做真题；
千万不要死记硬背，而是要在理解的基础上反复读，抄写，默记；反复整理笔记，新的笔记只记录没有掌握好的，直到最后的笔记成为提纲式的。
〈高级英语〉复习方法说明；
一、对照辅导书，精读课文，做课后练习；
二、找来历年考试真题，认真做，查到答案在课本中的相关地方
三、认真复习真题，总结知识点；错题本，反复研究错题
四、回到课本，从头到尾认真阅读课文，全面复习重点知识点；
五、整理真题，再次复习错题；
*高级英语上下册32个单元，复习面积很大，所以必须早动手，狠下功夫。
祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成绩！
英美文学教学研究篇四
模式，提出了将名著改编电影具体用于英美文学教学的具 体方式方法，使之既有利于深化理解经典名著，又有利于提 高学生的英语水平。
关键词：名著；电影；英美文学；教学
英美文学课是我国高等学校英语专业开设的一门必修
课。虽然各高校英美文学课的授课方式各异，但基本上都是 采用主要讲授文学史、文学选读或文学史与文学选读相结合 这三种模式。无论采用哪一模式，经典文学名著的学习都是 必不可少的。由于大部分的名著篇幅较长、语言难度较大、涉 及的文化背景较多，学生要真正做到对原文的全面、深入理 解绝非易事。于是，一些英美文学教师和学习者将注意力转 向了由英美文学名著改编而成的电影，希冀通过观看电影加 强对文学作品的理解。这在一定程度上对于理解原著是有一 定帮助的，但我们必须看到，观看电影并不能代替阅读原著。诚然，他山之石，可以攻玉，但首先应该处理好石和玉之间的 关系。对于英美文学教学而言，理解、欣赏原版文学名著是 玉，观赏由名著改编的电影则是石。也就是说，电影在英美文 学教学中可以起到一定的有益作用，但绝不能舍本逐末。在 教学实践中，如果教师能有效利用电影这一载体，扬长避短、趋利避害，无疑对提高英美文学的教学质量会有很大帮助。在英美文学课上利用电影促进教学可以采用以下几种 方式：
1.课堂上放映整部影片。这种方式应主要用于理解、分析 文学史上一些最伟大作家的最伟大作品，要尽可能采用第一 种类型即移植型的改编电影。放映整部电影一般耗时较长，可用两次课的时间来完成。教师应在放映电影前向学生介绍 作者和作品所反映的时代精神等方面的知识。学生在观看影 片前应对原作的基本故事情节有所了解，最好能通读原著，这样可以更好地通过影片加深对原著的理解。教师还应预先 设计一些相关问题，在学生看完影片后加以讨论研究。但是，由于学时的限制，在具体教学过程中不宜过多采用这种方 式，每个学期有一两次就可以了。
2.课堂上讲授文学作品的相关知识，简单介绍作品的背
景和人物，要求学生利用课余时间观看影片。可以由班级组 织集体观看，也可以让学生自行观看。这种方式的好处是既 不占用正常的上课时间，又有助于增进学生对作品的理解。教师在课堂上也应布置相应的思考题，让学生带着问题来观 看影片。这种方式最好选择移植型或再解释型的改编电影。如果采用第二种类型，应该提醒学生注意影片在何种程度上 对原作进行了艺术性的加工，让学生思考这种改动的目的是 什么。学生看过影片后，教师应在下次课上进行简短的提问 和总结，以巩固学生的学习效果。
3.将影片的部分精彩片段制作成简短的电影剪辑，在授
课过程中根据需要进行播放。这种方式大都运用在使用多媒
体进行教学的英美文学课堂上，对教学硬件有一定的要求。在高等教育得到日新月异大发展的今天，各个高等院校都非 常重视利用多媒体技术进行教学，教师运用多媒体技术辅助 教学的能力也提高很快，故而这种方式值得提倡。在英美文 学的教学过程中，无论是讲授文学史还是文学选读，利用多 媒体技术穿插播放一些电影剪辑都可以调动和吸引学生的 注意力，激发学生的学习积极性和主动性，进而培养学生学习文学的兴趣。制作电影剪辑可以使用以上提到的三种类型 改编电影的任何一种，但制作的剪辑一定是在原作中具有代 表性并尽可能忠实于原作的。运用电影剪辑这种教学方式具 有很多优势，占用时间少、学生课堂上注意力更为集中，积极 性与参与性也更强，往往可以事半功倍，达到理想的教学效 果。
电影与文学作品虽有很大区别（例如电影侧重外部语言
和动作，小说侧重叙事和描写；电影要考虑到票房收入、观众 心理、愉悦功能等），但只要选材得当、运用得法，电影这门表 现艺术是完全可以促进英美文学教学的。在英美文学课上适 时运用电影教学，又可以反过来提高学生的听说能力和文化 理解力，提高学生的实用英语水平。但是，如果不加以正确引 导，盲目地让学生过多观看名著改编的电影，又容易使学生 养成惰性，忽视对文学作品的阅读。毕竟观看电影要比阅读 作品轻松得多。因此，他山之石，若要攻玉，首先要求作为匠 人的英美文学教师要选好石，并且使用科学的方法，才能真 正实现攻玉的目的。
参考文献：
[1]王松林、李洪琴.电影的文学性、文化性与英美文学教 学.外语与外语教学，2003（9）。
[2]刘苹苹.英文原版电影与英美文学教学.电影评介，2008
（5）。
[3]谢遐均.多媒体在外语教学中的几种应用模式.教学 与管理，2005（18）。
[4]刘仪华.高校英美文学与影视辅助教学.电影评介，2006
（10）。
[5]田俊武、李群英.电影的越界和现当代美国文学.文艺 理论与批评，2006（6）。
他山之石何以攻玉
———浅论如何利用名著改编电影促进英美文学教学 刘英杰
（长春大学外国语学院）
