当前位置:网站首页 >> 作文 >> 2023年工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记(八篇)

2023年工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记(八篇)

格式:DOC 上传日期:2023-03-23 17:04:41
2023年工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记(八篇)
时间:2023-03-23 17:04:41     小编:zdfb

报告材料主要是向上级汇报工作,其表达方式以叙述、说明为主,在语言运用上要突出陈述性,把事情交代清楚,充分显示内容的真实和材料的客观。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的报告吗?下面是小编为大家整理的报告范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记篇一

2) 施工测量人员在接受放样任务以前,应先学习有关规范和本标准。以对工程极端负责的精神,做好测量准备。

3) 施工测量开始前,应仔细校阅设计图中的尺寸、高程,熟悉图纸,了解规范、标准及合同文件中的有关规定,绘制放样草图,选择正确作业方法,制订切实可行实施方案。

4) 所有观测数据,应随测随记。严禁转抄、伪造。文字与数字应力求清晰。记录数字中尾数读错不得更改,应划去重测,对取用的已知资料,均应由两人独立进行百分之百的检查、核对,确认无误后,方可提供使用。

5) 所有观测放样手薄,必须保持完整。不得缺页、空页。

6) 施工测量成果(包括观测记薄、放样单、放样记载手簿)图表(包括地形图、断面图、放样图、各种控制计算资料),应统一编号,妥善保管,分类归档。

7) 现场作业时,必须遵守有关安全技术操作规程,注意人身和仪器安全,禁止冒险作业。

8) 测绘仪器、工具,应精心爱护,妥善保管,按计量法规定及时检定,检查、校正和修理

在实习中,我在项目部测量科的前辈的热心指导下,积极参与测量科的相关工作,注意把书本上学到的测量理论知识对照实际工作,用理论知识加深对实际工作的认识,用实践验证所学到的施工放样及其测量经验验证理论知识,探求施工测量及其施工放样工作的本质与规律。简短的顶岗实习工作,既紧张,又新奇,收获颇多。通过实习,使我对测量日常工作有了深层次的感性和理性的认识。

回顾我的实习生活,感触是很深的,收获是丰硕的。实习中,我采用了看、问等方式,对测量这工作的开展有了进一步的了解,分析了各种不同的施工放样的特点、方式。

1) 展点很重要,展点的好坏与实验仪器的架设及其整平决定了测量的速度;

实验仪器的架设及其整平对实验数据的误差有很大的影响。

总之:通过这次实际的测量顶岗实习,让我学到了很多实实在在的东西,比如对实验仪器的操作更加熟练,识图能力的显著提升,施工测量及其放样等课堂上无法做到的东西,很大程度上提高了动手和动脑的能力,同时也拓展了与同事的交际、合作的能力。一次测量工作要完整的做完,单单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有多人的合作和团结才能让工作快速而高效的完成。

1) 院系、各位课 任老师在开展测量教学的时候,不应该只在那平整的水泥地面上展开,而应到那相对比较符合施工现场的环境底下展开;

2) 院系、各位课任老师在开展测量教学的时候,不应该只把水准仪和经纬仪的使用教给学生,当今各工程局、各施工单位基本上使用全站仪进行工作的展开。由于全站仪的广泛使用,平面位置放样主要采用极坐标法。高程放样主要采用水准测量法(金结安装中更普遍),三角高程法(日常放样)。由于全站仪的广泛使用,平面位置放样主要采用极坐标法。高程放样主要采用水准测量法(金结安装中更普遍),三角高程法(日常放样)。现在我们所学的水准仪和经纬仪已经落后了,以当今局面脱轨,造成毕业生走出学院,应聘工作的时候造成不便,更甚着让毕业生与工作的磨合期无形中的加长,造成招聘单位对学院毕业生的不满意,以至影响到学院的声誉。

3) 就以上的(2))的观点,我建议学院面向广大莘莘学子开放全站仪,或者开设一些技能社团,定期开展活动。真正做到培养有能力、有技能的水院毕业生

4) 由于全站仪的种类很多,学院不可能每一种仪器都有实体,但是,我们可以利用学院现有的多媒体有针对性的对那较为流行于各大工程局、各大施工单位的全站仪进行教学

8 后续

实习只有短短的一个半月,同事问我是否喜欢这样的工作,我回答说:不存在喜欢或讨厌。但这样的工作可以对所有人进行检验:知识、动手能力、最重要的是让我们尝到与人相处与人合作的酸甜与苦辣。

于是,磨痛有痕,当我要走的时候,他们道:小子,你可要快点回来,我们等着你啊!此时此刻,心里不禁有恻动的情.

在此,我借此机会感谢在我实习期间,在工作上、生活上,关心我的、指导我的各位前辈。祝:您们身体健康!工作顺利!

测量顶岗实习结束了,我们的生命旅途上又多打了一个烙印。

工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记篇二

����������������������ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ù¶èºï¿½ð§ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����2) ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¹ø¹æ·¶ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¼ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3) ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç°ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ðµä³ß´ç¡¢ï¿½ß³ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤í¼ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¹æ¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4) ���ð¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ø²â£¬ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ù·ï¿½ö®ï¿½ùµä¼ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ë¶ô£ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ê¹ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����5) ���ð¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½

����6) ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½(�����û²ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½)í¼ï¿½ï¿½(��������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)��ó¦í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµµï¿½ï¿½

����7) �ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø°ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½

����8) ������������ߣ�ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������êµï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ä¶à¡£í¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ò¶ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½

�����ø¹ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ä¡ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµè·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½

����1) õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½äºã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½è¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½;

����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½è¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü´ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ì¡£

������ö®ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½êµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü¶ï¿½êµêµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½öºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ëµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����1) ôºïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ ����ê¦ï¿½ú¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±è½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½;

����2) ôºïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½çºí¾ï¿½î³ï¿½çµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã½ì¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½è«õ¾ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«õ¾ï¿½çµä¹ã·ºê¹ï¿½ã£ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(��ᰲװ�ð¸ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½)�����ç¸ß³ì·ï¿½(�õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)������è«õ¾ï¿½çµä¹ã·ºê¹ï¿½ã£ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(��ᰲװ�ð¸ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½)�����ç¸ß³ì·ï¿½(�õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½çºí¾ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ñ§ôºï¿½ï¿½ó¦æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ôºï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ìµ½ñ§ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3) �����ïµï¿½(2))�ä¹ûµã£¬ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ý·ñ§ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«õ¾ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ë®ôºï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½

����4) ����è«õ¾ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶à£¬ñ§ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ó¹¤³ì¾ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½è«õ¾ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§

����8 ����

����êµï°ö»ï¿½ð¶ì¶ìµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ø´ï¿½ëµ:������ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½é£ºöªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ç£ï¿½ä¥í´ï¿½ðºû£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ßµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°¡!��ê±ï¿½ë¿ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

�����ú´ë£ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ú¼ä£¬ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¸ï¿½î»ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½¡ï¿½ï¿½!����ë³ï¿½ï¿½!

������������êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½

工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记篇三

(1)图根控制测量(包括选点、埋石、观测和计算);(2)1:1000大比例尺地形测图。

1、熟练掌握常用测量仪器的使用方法;

2、 掌握图根导线测量、三、四等水准测量的观测方法和计算方法;

3、熟悉经纬仪测图的基本方法和测图过程。

实训项目:此次教学实习是对学校的基本地形及地物状况进行测量与制图。学校总共被分为8个测区,本小组负责第五区的测量与制图。

测区的情况:本小组此次负责测量和制图的是第五区,该区域内地形和建筑物的布局比较简单,其基本状况如下:

建筑物:a楼教学楼;b楼教学楼;c楼教学楼

广场:树人广场池:月亮湾;a楼后面的池

其他:文科实验楼与a楼之间的草坪及其其中的两条长廊;计算机中心前的弧形道路。

作业方法:图根控制测量我们了解可测图范围、控制点的分布,在此基础上在小组的测图范围建立图根控制网。在建立图根控制时,根据测区高级控制点的分布情况,布置成附合导线、闭合导线。图根点的密度根据测图比例尺和地形条件而定。

其中图根导线测量的内容分外业工作和内业计算两个部分。

(一)图根导线测量的外业工作

1、踏勘选点

我们组在指定测区进行踏勘,了解测区地形条件和地物分布情况,根据测区范围及测图要求确定布网方案。选点时在相邻两点都各站一人,相互通视后方可确定点位。

选点时按照指导书,注意了以下几点:

①、 相邻点间通视好,地势较平坦,便于测角和量边;

②、 点位应选在土地坚实,便于保存标志和安置仪器处;

③、 视野开阔,便于进行地形、地物的碎部测量;

④、 相邻导线边的长度应大致相等;

⑤、 控制点应有足够的密度,分布较均匀,便于控制整个测区; ⑥、 我们组间的控制点应合理分布,避免互相遮挡视线。

点位选定之后,应立即用油漆画“十”字做好标记,并用油漆编写组别与点号。导线点应分等级统一编号,以便于测量资料的管理。为了使所测角既是内角也是左角闭合导线点可按逆时针方向编号,选点完成后,需要绘制本测区内永久性测量标志的点之记图。

2、平面控制测量

因地形限制图根导线出现无法附合,我们组就布设支导线。支导线不多于4条边,长度不超过450m,最大边长不超过160m。边长单程观测1测回。水平角观测首站应连测两个已知方向,采用dj6光学经纬仪观测1测回,其它站水平角应分别测左、右角各1测回,其固定角不符值与测站圆周角闭合差均不应超过±40″。

(1) 导线转折角测量

导线转折角是由相邻导线边构成的水平角。一般测定导线延伸方向左侧的转折角,闭合导线大多测内角。图根导线转折角可用6″级经纬仪按测回法观测一个测回。对中误差应不超过3 mm,水平角上、下半测回角值之差应不超过40″,否则,应予以重新测量。

(2) 边长测量

边长测量就是测量相邻导线点间的水平距离。经纬仪钢尺导线的边长测量采用钢尺量距。钢尺量距应进行往返丈量,其相对误差应不超过1/3 000,特殊困难地区应不超过1/1 000,高差较大地方需要进行高差的改正。由于钢尺量距一般需要进行定线,故可以和水平角测量同时进行,即可以用经纬仪一边进行水平角测量,一边为钢尺量距进行定线。

(3) 连测

为了使导线定位及获得已知坐标需要将导线点同高级控制点进行连测。可用经纬仪按测回法观测连接角,用钢尺(光电测距仪或全站仪)测距。

3、高程控制测量

图根控制点的高程一般采用普通水准测量的方法测得,山区或丘陵地区可采用三角高程测量方法。根据高级水准点,沿各图根控制点进行水准测量,形成闭合或附合水准路线。

水准测量可用ds2级水准仪沿路线设站单程施测,注意前后视距应尽量相等,可采用双面尺法或变动仪器高法进行观测,视线长度应不超过100 m,各站所测两次高差的互差应不超过6 mm。

(二)图根导线测量的内业计算

在进行内业计算之前,应全面检查导线测量的外业记录,有无遗漏或记错,是否符合测量的限差和要求,发现问题应返工重新测量。

计算时,角度值取至秒,高差、高程、改正数、长度、坐标值取至毫米。

工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记篇四

����

����x��x��x�õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½x��x��x��

����

����ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµñµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµñµï¿½ï¿½ê¹ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ë®æ½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½çµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;���õ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;����ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;������è·ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1���ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä¼ï¿½êµï°ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½

����2����è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¡ï¿½3më®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¡ï¿½50m��ò¡ï¿½ö³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½í¼ç¦ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)�� �ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 1��ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½

��������êµñµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±õºïµï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ô°ð¡â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5���㡣í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµøµã£¬a01��a05��í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ö½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½×®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾×®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£

����2������

���������������50m��ò¡ï¿½ö³ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½11�î¾ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½a03��a04�����ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½50m�������ã¾ï¿½î³ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ßºó£¬·ö¶î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹«ê½ï¿½ï¿½dh=h2/2l������ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½îª366.120m��

����3��ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������êµñµï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±õºïµï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5��í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(a01-a05)���߳�ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½(a01=250.000m)�����ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½dszc24���ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ë®×¼ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹û²â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª270564���ߵ��������ߵ棬��2��������ë«ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½3mmê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹û²â£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ß²ï¿½õºï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½fh��=��40 mm���ú½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹û²ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½a01��a02�îºï¿½a04��a05�îµä¸ß²ï¿½õºï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹û²â£¬ö±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú¸ß²ï¿½õºï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµîªö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºïµï¿½ï¿½ßµä¸ß²ï¿½õºï²ï¿½îª+6mm��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½fh��=��40 =��24mm����ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����

��������������ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(êµï°)��è»ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµò²è·êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµêµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô¡ï¿½

����1������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¾«è·ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½`�����ûµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ê¹ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºü´ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½öºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½

����2��êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¨ò»ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµñµï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½êµï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä¼ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¶èµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ­ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµ½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½é²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½

����3���������������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ë±£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ô­ê¼ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä¡ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ë¶ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµèµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü¶à²»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½

����4��ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½å¶óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ì¹¤ï¿½ìµä½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ä·ö¹ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµîªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµêµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ü£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµò²ã»ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ò»ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä³ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ó¦ï¿½ã¾ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íºï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½!

工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记篇五

����

����(1)í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(����ñ¡ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½);(2)1:1000������ߵ��î²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1���������õ³ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;

����2�� ����í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²â·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ã·½ï¿½ï¿½;

����3����ï¤ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ç²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½

����êµñµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´î½ï¿½ñ§êµï°ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª8����������ð¡ï¿½é¸ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½

�����������������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ë´î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½îºí½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö±è½ï¼òµ¥£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½

���������aâ¥ï¿½ï¿½ñ§â¥;bâ¥ï¿½ï¿½ñ§â¥;câ¥ï¿½ï¿½ñ§â¥

�����㳡�����ë¹ã³¡ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;aâ¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½

�����������ä¿ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½aâ¥ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;���������ç°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½

������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½é²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ä·ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ä·ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³é¸ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½õºïµï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶è¸ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßºíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����(ò»)í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��ì¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½

������������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼òªï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶¼ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ò»ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½à»¥í¨ï¿½óºó·½¿ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ã£º

�����ù¡ï¿½ ���úµï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½óºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½æ½ì¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;

�����ú¡ï¿½ ��î»ó¦ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;

�����û¡ï¿½ ��ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;

�����ü¡ï¿½ ���úµï¿½ï¿½ß±ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;

�����ý¡ï¿½ ���æµï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½; �þ¡ï¿½ �������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

������î»ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á»­ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ó¦ï¿½öµè¼ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±õºïµï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½äµï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½

����2��æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4���ߣ����è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½450m�����߳�������160m���߳����ì¹û²ï¿½1��ø¡ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ç¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½dj6��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ç¹û²ï¿½1��ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ç¸ï¿½1��ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ô²ï¿½ü½ç±õºï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½40�塣

����(1) ����ת�û½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ת�û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ß±ß¹ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½û½ç£ï¿½ï¿½õºïµï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ç¡ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½û½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6�弶��î³ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3 mm��ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½â°ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½öµö®ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½40�壬����ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(2) �߳�����

�����߳��������ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ç¸ö³ßµï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/3 000���������ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/1 000���߲�ï´ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ß²ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

����(3) ����

����îªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½í¬ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½î³ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ö³ï¿½(������ç»ï¿½è«õ¾ï¿½ï¿½)��ࡣ

����3���߳ì¿ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ä¸ß³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ß³ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¸ß¼ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ø¸ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é±õºï»ò¸½ºï¿½ë®×¼â·ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

����ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ds2��ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½â£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹û²â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½100 m����õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ß²ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6 mm��

����(��)í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ó¦è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ¼ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â©ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ó£¬·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½öµè¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ß²î¡¢ï¿½ß³ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµè¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½

工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记篇六

x年x月x日——x年x月x日

水利工程测量实训的目的是使之在掌握了大比例尺地形图测绘理论和方法的基础上,进一步提高在工程设计、施工以及管理工作中正确使用地形图及测量资料的能力。

通过进行水利工程测量实训,使之能掌握普通水平仪及经纬仪的使用方法及检核方法;掌握大比例尺地形图的测绘原理及方法;掌握水工建筑物的施工放样方法;掌握正确识读地形图及正确应用相关测量信息的方法。

1、阅读教材及实习指导书的有关内容,并查阅相关的测量技术规范。

2、领取仪器并检验(水准仪一套、3m水准尺一套、经纬仪一套、50m手摇钢尺一把、测钎二个、水准记录本一本、测回法记录本一本、量距记录本一本、绘图板一块、绘图铅笔、三角尺、计算器等)。 四、控制测量 1、选点

本次实训的控制测量区域选择在宝坻区环城南路公园,采用闭合导线,沿香樟林公园小路,共布设了5个点。图根点的选择均为通视良好,易架设仪器和量距的地点,a01和a05号图根点采用钢筋水泥桩埋设,其余图根点采用木桩埋设。

2、量距

本次量距采用50m手摇钢尺,共丈量了11段距离。实地丈量时,a03和a04段由于超过了50m长,采用经纬仪进行直线定线后,分段进行了丈量。丈量后,进行了水准测量,并通过倾斜改正值计算公式△dh=h2/2l进行倾斜改正,闭合导线总长为366.120m。

3、水准测量

本次实训的图根水准测量采用闭合导线,共5个图根点(a01-a05),高程系统采用假设高程(a01=250.000m),采用等外水准测量,水准仪使用北测产dszc24型自动安平水准仪进行观测,仪器编号为270564,尺垫用生铁尺垫,共2个。采用双面尺法进行读数,当红黑面测出高差大于±3mm时,该测站进行重新观测,各图根点之间的高差闭合差容许值不能大于fh容=±40 mm。在进行观测时,a01~a02段和a04~a05段的高差闭合差均大于了容许值,进行了重新观测,直到小于高差闭合差容许值为止,整个闭合导线的高差闭合差为+6mm,小于fh容=±40 =±24mm,该水准测量成果可用。

相比于以往的教学型实习,真正的工程(实习)显然能够更好的体会所学到的知识。事实也确实是如此,通过这次实习,我真正的体会到了理论联系实际的重要性。

1、测量学首先是一项精确的工作,通过在学校期间在课堂上对测量学的学习,使我在脑海中形成了一个基本的`、理论的测量学轮廓,而实习的目的,就是要将这些理论与实际工程联系起来,这就是工科的特点。通过此次实践锻炼的机会,使我不仅巩固了所学的理论知识,在很大程度上也提高了动手和动脑的能力,我们不仅掌握了水准仪、经纬仪的基本操作,还有学会了施工放样及地形图的绘制方法,获得了测量实际工作的初步经验和基本技能,进一步熟练了测量仪器的操作技能,提高了计算和绘图能力,并对测绘小区域大比例尺地形图的全过程有了一个全面和系统的认识,这些知识往往是我在学校很少接触、注意的,但又是十分重要、十分基础的知识。

2、实践是检验真理的唯一标准。我们完成这次实训的原则是让每个组员都学到知识而且会实际操作,能够熟练掌握测绘的基本能力。首先,是熟悉了仪器的用途,熟练了仪器的各种使用方法,掌握了仪器的检验和校正方法。其次,在对数据的检查和矫正的过程中,明白了各种测量误差的来源,了解了如何避免测量结果错误,最大限度的减少测量误差的方法,第三,除了熟悉了仪器的使用和明白了误差的来源和减少措施,还应掌握一套科学的测量方法,在测量中要遵循一定的测量原则,如:“从整体到局部”、“先控制后碎部”、“由高级到低级”的工作原则,并做到“步步有检核”。这样做不但可以防止误差的积累,及时发现错误,更可以提高测量的效率。

3、务必做到求真务实。测量是一项务实求真的工作,半点马虎都不行,我们在测量实习中必须保持数据的原始性,这也是很重要的。为了确保计算的正确性和有效性,我们得反复校核对各个测点的数据是否正确。我们在测量中不可避免的犯下一些错误,比如读数不够准确,气泡没居中等等,都会引起一些误差。因此,我们在测量中内业计算和测量同时进行,这样就可以及时发现错误,及时纠正,同时也避免了很多不必要的麻烦,节省了时间,也提高了工作效率。

4、每个人都需具备团队合作精神。在这次实习中让我充分认识到团队精神的重要性:一个人的一个粗心,一个大意,都可能直接影响工程的进度,甚至是带来一生都无法弥补的损失。一次测量实习要完整的做完,单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成。这次测量实习不仅培养了我们小组的分工协作的能力,也增进了同学之间的感情这次实训,可以说为我们今后的工作奠定了基础,让我们做到了理论和实践相结合,也让我们发现了自己的不足。在我们以后面对实实在在的工程测量任务时,来不得半点推委和逃避,野外作业也没有给你回去翻书的时间,一切都必须在现场解决,只有丰富的理论知识和熟练的操作技能,才能圆满完成任务。总的来说,这次实习让我体会到了外业的艰辛,内业的耐心,工作的细心,不仅锻炼了我的意志,让我的测量技术更加的成熟,也让我在各个方面都有所提高,更使我明白了作为一名测量人员应该具备的专业素质和修养,测量工作的顺利完成离不开严谨细致、吃苦耐劳和团结合作的精神!

工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记篇七

gps静态测量

本次gps静态观测实习的目的是巩固、扩大和加深我们从课堂上所学理论知识,获得测量工作的初步经验和基本技能,着重培养我们的独立工作能力,进一步熟练掌握测量仪器的操作技能,提高运用理论及计算能力,并对gps静态观测全过程有一个全面和系统的认识。熟悉gps静态相对定位原理、sounth、trimble、ashtech三种gps接收机的使用掌握gps网的网形设计。熟悉gps静态测量的步骤。学会南方测绘 gps数据处理软件的简单使用。

1.1 实习安排

准备好理论知识,掌握控制测量的技术要求,以及仪器的使用规范及过程,协调好分组的搭配。

仪器调度表

(略)

第三组组长:

第三组组员:

项目与内容

时间安排(天)

任务与要求

实习动员、领仪器工具、仪器效验

1作好测前准备工作gps静态观测

1熟练掌握观测方法、要领

实习总结

5整理成果、编写实习报告、归还仪器

1.2实习任务

以各个班为单位建立测量实习队,10人一组(第三组为11人),分3组。每组领取gps一套(包括主机、脚架、基座、连接线等)、记录板一块、对讲机、记录表。根据中华人民共和国测绘行业标准《全球定位系统城市测量技术规程》和石桥子经济开发区的具体情况,建立e级gps网。

e级gps网的精度要求如下表:

级别

固定误差(mm)

平均边长(km)

比例误差系数(mm)e≤100.2~5≤20

每小组利用各组领取到的接收机对两个控制点进行观测,观测时段为一小时,观测3个时段。

1.3测量规范《全球定位系统(gps)测量规范》(gb/t 18314-20xx)。

2、《全球定位系统城市测量技术规范》(cjj 73-97)。

3、ch 1002-95《测绘产品检查验收规定》。

4、ch 1003-95《测绘产品质量评定标准》。

1.4测区概况

本测区为本溪市石桥子经济开发区辽宁科技学院周边地区,测区内大部分为丘陵,公路,测区开阔高侧建筑少,选点都在路边或者山顶,多路径效应相对较小。点位远离大功率无线电发射源(基本没有),远离高压输电线和微波无线电传送通道,其距离不得小于50m。同时点位设在交通便利,有利于其他观测手段扩展与联测的地方,地面基础稳固,便于点的保存

1.5 gps网的布设

gps网设计的出发点是在保证质量的前提下,尽可能地提高效率,努力降低成本。因此,在进行gps的设计和测量时,既不能脱离实际的应用需求,盲目地最求不必要的高精度和高可靠性;也不能为追求高效率和低成本,而放弃对质量的要求。

2.1.网的布设

本次实习精度要求为e级,

2.2实习内容:

2.2.1选点情况

20xx-7-4上午召开了gps实习动员大会,大会上范海英等几位老师作了讲话,给我们分析了测区情况,实习的注意事项,确定了分组情况和我们实习过程中需要注意的事情,下午由实习指导老师刘广春带领我们进行选点

(1)为保证对卫星的连续跟踪观测和卫星信号的质量,要求测站上空应尽可能的开阔,在10°~15°高度角以上不能有成片的障碍物。

(2)为减少各种电磁波对gps卫星信号的干扰,在测站周围约200m的范围内不能有强电磁波干扰源,如大功率无线电发射设施、高压输电线等。

(3)为避免或减少多路径效应的发生,测站应远离对电磁波信号反射强烈的地形、地物,如高层建筑、成片水域等。

(4)为便于观测作业和今后的应用,测站应选在交通便利,上点方便的地方。

(5)测站应选择在易于保存的地方。

2.2.2外业观测情况

测量时采用的是南方灵锐gps接收机3台, trimble gps接收机两台, ashtech gps接收机2台一共7台gps接收机。采用同步观测的相对定位方法,可求得21条基线向量其中有独立基线向量6条,从而保证了卫星星历误差、卫星钟误差、电离层延迟等误差的强相关性,通过差分的方法来消除这些误差。观测时为了保证测量的精度时段长度规定为60分钟。按照静态定位的测量原理,测量时观测的最少卫星数位四个。

外业观测时需要对gps接收机进行以下设置:

(1)调度安排,确定每台接收机观测的测站,开机时间,搬站情况。

(2)观测组按调度表规定的时间进行作业,保证同步观测同一卫星组。

(3)每时段开机前,作业员量取天线高高,并及时记录测站名、年月日、时段号、天线高等信息。关机后再量取一次天线高作校核,两次量取天线高互差不得大于3mm,取平均值作为最后结果,若互差超限,应查明原因,提出处理意见,记入测量手簿。

(4)仪器工作过程中,作业人员对照指示灯工作状况说明,判断仪器是否正常工作。

(5)一个时段观测过程中,不得进行以下操作:关闭接收机,又重新开机;进行自测试;改变卫星高度角;改变数据采样间隔;改变天线位置;

(6)观测院在作业期间不得擅自离开测站,并应防止仪器收到震动,防止人或其他物体靠近天线,遮挡卫星信号。

(7)接收机在观测过程,不应在接收机旁使用对讲机;雷雨天气过境应关机停测,卸下天下以防雷击。

(8)应记录雨、晴、阴、云等天气。

外业观测小结

结束采集时,对数据进行存储,查看文件状态,然后关机,准备下次观测。根据实际情况,我们记录测站开始时间,结束时间,天线高,电池电压,卫星号,信噪比,故障情况,以及开始和结束时候卫星高度角,pdop,整点时候卫星情况,卫星故障情况。天气等等。我们总共观测了3个时段,设站数为15。

2.3数据处理情

各测站天线高:

(略)

动态gps定位测量gps接收机一套、写字板一个、钢卷尺一把

2、实习地点:辽宁科技学院

3、目的:熟悉熟练掌握gps仪器设备的使用方法,学会使用gps仪器进行控制测量的基本方法,培养学生的实际动手能力。

4、gps rtk技术的基本原理

高精度的gps测量必须采用载波相位观测值。rtk技术就是载波相位动态实时差分技术,它能够实时地提供测站点指定坐标系中的三维定位结果,并达到厘米级精度。在rtk作业模式下,基准站通过数据链将其观测值一起传送给流动站,流动站在完成初始化后,一方面通过数据接收来自基准站的数据,另外自身也采集gps观测数据,并在系统内组成差分观测值进行实时处理,再经过坐标转换和投影改正,即可给出实用的厘米级定位结果。

测得的大地高属于wgs—84系统,因此必须采用高程拟合的方法,来求得正常高。而高程拟合的精度高低取决于参与拟合的水准点的个数及分布的均匀程度。对于公路放样来讲,路线两侧布设的水准点足以保证中桩高程的拟合精度。

rtk定位技术就是基于载波相位观测值的实时动态定位技术。它需要一台基准站接收机和一台或多台流动站接收机,以及用于数据传输的电台。在rtk作业模式下,基准站接收机,借助电台,将其观测值及坐标信息,发送给流动站接收机;流动站接收机将自己采集的gps观测数据和接收来自基准站的数据,组成差分观测值,利用静态相对测量处理方法对基线进行实时求解,然后推算出其三维位置(xk,yk,zk)。rtk定位系统基本配置包括三部分:

(1)基准站:由gps接收机、gps天线、数据发送电台、uhf天线、电源等部分组成。

(2)流动站:由gps接收机、gps天线、数据发送电台、uhf天线、电源、掌上电脑、对中杆等组成。

(3)软件包:支持实时动态差分的软件系统和各项工程测量应用功能。

6、rtk定位系统的基本工作原理是:在基准站上安置一台gps接收机,对所有可见gps卫星进行连续地观测,并将其观测数据通过无线电传输设备,实时地发送给流动站。流动站实时动态软件可以通过下列基本步骤和功能获得流动站的精确坐标:

(1)利用三差模型求出流动站的初始坐标。

(2)利用otf方法动态解求模糊度。观测条件恶劣时具有模糊度重复性检核功能。

(3)根据相对定位模型,实时解算流动站的wgs-84坐标。

(4)根据给定的转换参数,进行坐标系统的转换。

(5)测量结果的实时显示,坐标解算精度评定。

(6)还应包括失锁后的重新动态初始化,选择不同的作业模式,定位、放样、导航等功能的选择和转换等。

这样,通过实时计算的定位结果,便可监测基准站与流动站观测成果的质量和解算的收敛情况,从而可以实时地判定解算结果的可靠性。只要能连续锁定不少于5颗卫星信号,并且有必要的几何图形强度,则测程在10 km以内的流动站可实时得到厘米级精度的定位成果。

7、野外放样作业流程

(1)设置参考站:在已知控制点上架设好gps接收机和天线,打开接收机,将pc卡上室内设置的参数读入gps接收机,建立配置集,输入参考站点的准确的北京54坐标和天线高,参考站gps接收机通过转换参数将北京54坐标转换为wgs-84坐标,同时连续接收所有可视gps卫星信号,并通过数据发射电台将其测站坐标、观测值、卫星跟踪状态及接收机工作状态发送出去,待电台指示灯显示发出通讯信号后流动站即可开展工作。

(2)流动站工作:打开接收机,新建工作项目,建立配置集。流动站接收机在跟踪gps卫星信号的同时也接收来自参考站的数据,进行处理获得流动站的三维wgs-84坐标,最后再通过与参考站相同的坐标转换参数将wgs-84坐标转换为北京54坐标,并实时显示在流动站的tr500终端上。接收机可将实时位置与设计值相比较,指导放样到正确位置

3.1静态测量

(1)静态测量时要满足相应规范的要求。

(2)网形布设时应注意外围不能有豁口,至少留一个通视方向。

(3)静态观测过程中,即使发现长水准管不居中或者仪器不严格对中了,也不要重新调仪器,观测时不要重新开机,开机关机听从调配。

(4)观测时,接收机周围不使用干扰卫星信号的通讯设备,以减弱误差,接收机周围应当视野开阔,削弱多路径误差。

(5)每日观测结束后,应及时将数据转存至计算机硬件上,应该备份一份确保观测数据不应人为疏忽丢失。

(6)数据处理时,一定要改天线类型、天线高,去除浮点解的记录。

3.2 rtk-gps 放线

(1) 定位精度高

在良好环境下平面定位精度达到厘米级,在大多数环境里平面定位误差都能保证在0.2m以内,能满足公路放样的精度要求。

(2) 作业效率高

采用rtk-gps采取单点定位的方法寻找控制点极为便捷,它直接以厘米级(或分米级)精度实时定位放样并能保持工作连续稳定,比较适合于林地等困难地区作业。

(3) 节省费用

采用rtk技术进行公路放样,无须沿途布设图根控制点而且作业时间短,可以减少工作人员,减少砍伐工作量,降低了工程成本和劳动强度,从而提高了经济效益。

(4)架设参考站的点位周边要开阔,无电、磁场干扰,上空无遮挡,并尽量避开山体对电台通讯的阻挡,这样移动站才能较快获得rtk(厘米级)精度并保持稳定。

(5)在地形条件复杂的地区(如枝叶繁茂的山林地、松树林等),采用rtk-gps与全站仪相结合可以大大提高工作效率及成果质量。

(6)在当前高等级公路逐渐向山岭重丘区发展的形势下,由于这些地区地形条件的限制,实施常规的测量比较困难,采用rtk-gps进行测量(控制测量、实地实时放样、中桩测量、点位测量等)无凝是一种有效的手段。

3.3问题分析

在本次实习过程中,初步掌握了gps控制网中控制点的布置、选址和标记,掌握了gps静态相对定位测量全过程的程序与方法,包括资料的搜集、野外观测记录、测量内业数据处理、资料的综合分析整理等。同时理解了gps静态测量的方法,包括卫星预报,测量计划编制,实地测量等。通过这次野外实习和内业的数据处理,巩固了课堂上的理论知识,将理论知识与实践相结合,培养了实践能力,了解和掌握了有关于gps仪器的使用原理和方法。虽然还有很多不足和缺陷,但是今后定会更加努力地改正和提高动手实践能力。

在内业处理过程中,经过自动化的基线解算和平差,通过删减卫星调整基线来提高精度让我懂得了如何去“精益求精”。在现代社会科技发展过程中,空间卫星技术和其他的测绘技术将更加长远发展,那么就对我们现在还未走入社会的测绘人要求而且要求更高,数学计算和协调能力是测绘的显性要求,而编程能力和英语能力将是测绘的隐性要求而且将会越来越突出。

3.4建议与意见

我感觉本次实习内容的安排大体上是不错的,老师们的指导和讲解也是尽心尽力;但感觉内业数据处理部分老师应该讲得更详细一点,这样更有助于同学对软件的熟悉与对书本知识的消化。其次,感觉这次外业数据采集同学们还是比较空闲,所以建议学院在今后gps实习中可以增加适当的项目,比如专门花一两天来学习接收机的电子手簿,或者是能够交换仪器进行实习操作,使大家既能掌握天宝接收机的操作也能掌握莱卡接收机的操作,这样我们才能够从中学到的知识。所以希望学院对gps实习更加重视一些,能给学生的实习和锻炼的机会。

本次gps实习虽然仅仅只有二个星期的时间,主要包括两大部分——gps静态测量和动态测量。其中静态测量包括现有资料的收集(包括武大地图、已知点数据资料等)、实地勘踏选点并进行标记、调度方案的确定、正式外业数据采集、最后也就是最重要的内业处理。动态测量包括利用gps rtk技术进行rtk地形测量用于绘制等高线图以及利用rtk进行放样操作。实习过程中我们收获还是十分丰富的。对gps静态测量和动态测量有了深刻的理解,将之前停留在书本知识阶段延伸到了实际操作阶段,实习过程中,不仅对原理有了更进一步的理解,还在操作中熟练了步骤。整个实习的过程虽然时间紧迫,但是通过班里同学,各测组间的通力合作,严谨的钻研态度通过现代信息技术的查阅还是取得了可喜的成绩,并且成果进过精度的检验也完全符合地形测量的要求。通过时间不长的工作,我班同学又一次展现了出色的团队合作力,依然保持着良好的职业素养,这不能不让人感到骄傲和自豪。

当然,出现问题也是不少的,实习之后更要认真总结,我相信这也必将成为我们日后工作和学习中的宝贵财富。

最后,感谢指导老师的耐心和理解,感谢学院给予我们这样难得的机会,以及同学们的共同努力。

工程测量实习报告 工程测量实习日记篇八

����

����gps��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������gps��ì¬ï¿½û²ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps��ì¬ï¿½û²ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤gps��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½î»ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½sounth��trimble��ashtech����gps���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps����������æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤gps��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½è¡£ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ gps���ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����1.1 êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����׼��������öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¹æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

�����������è±ï¿½

����(��)

�����������鳤��

������������ô±ï¿½ï¿½

������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê±ï¿½ä°²ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ì£©

����������òªï¿½ï¿½

����êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½

����1���ã²ï¿½ç°×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps��ì¬ï¿½û²ï¿½

����1�������õ¹û²â·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½

����êµï°ï¿½ü½ï¿½

����5�����é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½é»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1.2êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ó£ï¿½10��ò»ï¿½é£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª11�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3�顣ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡gpsò»ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¼ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹²ºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½î»ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½e��gps����

����e��gps���ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������

�����ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(mm)

����æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½(km)

�����������ïµï¿½ï¿½(mm)e��100.2��5��20

����ã¿ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹û²â£¬ï¿½û²ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½3��ê±ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����1.3�����淶��è«ï¿½ï¿½î»ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½gps�������淶����gb/t 18314-20xx����

����2����è«ï¿½ï¿½î»ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½cjj 73-97����

����3��ch 1002-95������æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹æ¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4��ch 1003-95������æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1.4�����å¿ï¿½

����������îªï¿½ï¿½ïªï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ñ§ôºï¿½ü±ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ó²¿·ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²à½¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ã¶¼ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ð§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµç·¢ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½î¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµç´«ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½50m��í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¹ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1.5 gps���ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����gps����æµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps����æºí²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½êµï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¤ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²»±ï¿½òªï¿½ä¸ß¾ï¿½ï¿½èºí¸ß¿é¿ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½êºíµí³é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½

����

����2.1�����ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½îªe����

����2.2êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½:

����2.2.1ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����20xx-7-4�����ù¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gpsêµï°ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½è¼ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½

������1��îªï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºåµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½10��~15��߶è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������2��îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps�����åºåµä¸ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½î§ô¼200m�ä·ï¿½î§ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµç·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµè¡ï¿½

������3��îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ð§ó¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ó¦ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½åºå·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµäµï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ß²ã½¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ë®ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½

������4��îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ó¦ñ¡ï¿½ú½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµã·½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������5����õ¾ó¦ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2.2.2��òµï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps���õ»ï¿½3ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ trimble gps���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ ashtech gps���õ»ï¿½2ì¨ò»ï¿½ï¿½7ì¨gps���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½21���������������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6�����ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½û²ï¿½ê±îªï¿½ë±ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½è¹æ¶¨îª60���ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������òµï¿½û²ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½gps���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

����(1)���è°ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ä²ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(2)�û²ï¿½ï¿½é°´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½æ¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����(3)ã¿ê±ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµô±ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ß¸ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ê±ï¿½îºå¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ß»ï¿½ï¿½î²»ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3mm��è¡æ½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³¬ï¿½þ£ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(4)�������������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ê¾ï¿½æ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(5)ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½î¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±õ½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ß¶è½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ã£ï¿½

����(6)�û²ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ú¼ä²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ð¶¯£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºå¡ï¿½

����(7)���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¶ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ø»ï¿½í£ï¿½â£¬ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½×»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(8)ó¦ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������òµï¿½û²ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½

���������é¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ð´æ´¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿´ï¿½ä¼ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´î¹û²â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºå£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ß¶è½ç£ï¿½pdop,����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµè¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3��ê±ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½îª15��

����2.3���ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ß£ï¿½

�������ô£ï¿½

������ì¬gps��î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps���õ»ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½

����2��êµï°ï¿½øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ñ§ôº

����3��ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps�����豸��ê¹ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½gps�������ð¿ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4��gps rtk�����ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½

�����߾��èµï¿½gps������������ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½û²ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½rtk���������ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ì¬êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½rtk��òµä£ê½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼õ¾í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½öµò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½×¼õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½é¼ï¿½gps�û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ö¹û²ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµä´ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½wgs��84ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¾ï¿½ï¿½è¸ßµï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½è³ì¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½×®ï¿½ß³ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½

����rtk��î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½û²ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªò»ì¨ï¿½ï¿½×¼õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½rtk��òµä£ê½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps�û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºí½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½×¼õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ö¹û²ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½â£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬î»ï¿½ã£ï¿½xk��yk��zk����rtk��î»ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

������1����׼õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps���ߡ����ý·ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½uhf���ߡ���ô´ï¿½è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

������2������õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps���ߡ����ý·ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½uhf���ߡ���ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

������3����������ö§ï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½î¹¤ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

����6��rtk��î»ïµí³ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½×¼õ¾ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ì¨gps���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿é¼ï¿½gps���ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹û²â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµç´«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ä¾ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£º

������1����������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ä³ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£

������2������otf������ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

������3��������ô¶ï¿½î»ä£ï¿½í£ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½wgs-84���ꡣ

������4�����ý¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������5�����������êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������6����ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¹ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½

����������í¨ï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½û²ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿é¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5�������åºå£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½òªï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½10 km���úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµä¶ï¿½î»ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����7��ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1�����ã²î¿ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ª½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½pc�����������ãµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps���õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½54��������߸ߣ��î¿ï¿½õ¾gps���õ»ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½54����ת��îªwgs-84���꣬í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps�����åºå£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½û²ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ö¸ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ñ¶ï¿½åºåºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2������õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ª½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps�����åºåµï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²î¿ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬wgs-84���꣬�����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½wgs-84����ת��îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½54���꣬��êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½tr500�õ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½êµê±î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·î»ï¿½ï¿½

����

����3.1��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1)��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½

������2)���î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ó¦×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(3)��ì¬ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ë®×¼ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

����(4)�û²ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºåµï¿½í¨ñ¶ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£

����(5)ã¿ï¿½õ¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½

����(6)���ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ß£ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½

����3.2 rtk-gps ����

������1�� ��î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½

���������ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½æ¶¨î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½æ¶¨î»ï¿½ï¿½î¶¼ï¿½ü±ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½0.2m���ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹«â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½

������2�� ��òµð§ï¿½ê¸ï¿½

��������rtk-gps��è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶¨î»ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½æµã¼«îªï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµøµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½

������3�� ��ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������rtk�������ð¹ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµê±ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ù¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ì³é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ç¿ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½æ¡£

������4������î¿ï¿½õ¾ï¿½äµï¿½î»ï¿½ü±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµç¡¢ï¿½å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ì¨í¨ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½rtk�����׼������è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������5���úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½öµø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½rtk-gps��è«õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������6���úµï¿½ç°ï¿½ßµè¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½rtk-gps���ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½êµê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î¡ï¿½

����3.3�������

�����ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps�������ð¿ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ñ¡ö·ï¿½í±ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ûºï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½êµï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps������ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶à²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ó¶¨»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½î£¬í¨ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾«¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½æ¼¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ó£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3.4���������

�����ò¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä°ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½çµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ò»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¾öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²é¼ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ç±è½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ôºï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½gpsêµï°ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½å»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ò¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì±¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ôºï¿½ï¿½gpsêµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á¡£

����

��������gpsêµï°ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ø¿ï¿½ì¤ñ¡ï¿½ã²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps rtk��������rtk���î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½æµè¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½rtk���ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ö·á¸»ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½gps��ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¾öªê¶ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶î£ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½è¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï²ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ö°òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²»ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ùµä£ï¿½êµï°ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ðµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������󣬸�ð»ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð»ñ§ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµãµä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ô¼ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½í¬å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

全文阅读已结束,如果需要下载本文请点击

下载此文档
a.付费复制
付费获得该文章复制权限
特价:5.99元 10元
微信扫码支付
已付款请点这里
b.包月复制
付费后30天内不限量复制
特价:9.99元 10元
微信扫码支付
已付款请点这里 联系客服