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北京天坛导游词250字(十四篇)

格式:DOC 上传日期:2023-03-23 17:02:09
北京天坛导游词250字(十四篇)
时间:2023-03-23 17:02:09     小编:zdfb

在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文,希望能够帮助到大家,我们一起来看一看吧。

北京天坛导游词250字篇一

此刻快到目的地——北京天坛,所以我先给大家将一些注意事项:礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画这五点,记得哦!

乘客们,旅游景点已到,请大家有秩序的下车!此刻我们来到了天坛的正门,那里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。此刻,就让我一一地为大家介绍吧!

天坛,1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端,是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅仅是中国古建筑中的明珠,也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

天坛东西长1700米,南北宽1600米,种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛,围墙分内外两层,呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形,南围墙与东西墙成直角相交,为方形。这种南方北圆,,通称天地墙,象徽古代天圆地方之说。

以上就是天坛的故事,时间不早了,此刻,大家自由参观拍照吧!——转眼间,我们的北京天坛一日游又结束了,大家有秩序的坐车回家吧!

北京天坛导游词250字篇二

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北京天坛导游词250字篇三

亲爱的游客们:

你们好,我是你们的导游,你们可以叫我刘导,我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方天坛。

明朝永乐皇帝在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛,主建筑是大祀殿,也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙,北面是圆形,南面是方形,取意天圆地方。

现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进,将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙,使外方内圆,符合天圆地方的说法。需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方,就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮,而且现在这里也是一样的,各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果,也像当年的皇帝一样,向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。

也许您刚才就已经注意到了,天坛有非常多的柏树,不错,它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中,有一株500余岁的桧柏,就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特,布满了沟壑,而且旋转扭曲,好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏,所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。请大家不要攀爬树木,注意自己的言行,这是一个神圣的地方,我们要保持宁静的心态,解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点,而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分,来这里的不光是旅游者,还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。

今天的游览结束了,希望这次游览能让大家记住、在大家的心里留下深刻的回忆。

希望大家下次再来哦。

北京天坛导游词250字篇四

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北京天坛导游词250字篇五

我们现在们在天坛的昭亨门,也就是现在天坛的南大门。

天坛,位于北京城区的东南部,原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地,是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群。

天坛,建于明朝永乐四年至十八年,与紫禁城(故宫)同时兴建。耗时14年,距今已有580多年历史。其占地273公顷,比故宫大3.7倍,略小于颐和园。整个建筑布局呈&回&字形,分为内外坛两大部分,各有坛墙围括。外坛墙总长6416米,原来仅设西门,为天坛的正门,是当年皇帝前来天坛祭祀时进出的大门。现在的东、南、北各门,都是后来开辟的。内坛墙总长3292米,分设有东、南、西、北四 大&天门&。明代初年,祭天地都在此处举行,名为天地坛。嘉靖九年(1530年),在北郊另建方泽坛(地坛)后,才实行天地分祭,从此这里专门用于祭天,成为名副其实的天坛。

历代封建皇帝对祭天活动都极为重视,每年要两次亲临天坛祭天。第一次是在农历正月十五日,至祈年殿举行祈谷礼,祀(si)&皇天上帝&保佑五谷丰登,第二次是在冬至,至圜丘坛禀告五谷业已丰收,感谢天帝的保佑之恩。新中国成立后,天坛回到了真正当家作主的人民手中,并被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

我们从南门进去,向北走,首先看到的就是在昭亨门西面的三座高大的石台,它叫作台。台上有长杆,叫望灯杆,该杆始建于明嘉靖九年(1530),杆长九丈九尺九寸。祭天时,三根灯杆上各吊一只直径六尺、高八尺的大灯笼,所用特制,长四尺,粗一尺,并铸有凸龙花纺。燃点时不灭,不流油,不剪蜡花,可燃烧十二个小时,名为蟠龙通宵宝蜡。

此刻在我们眼前的便是圜丘坛俗称祭天台,这是名副其实的天坛。建于明嘉靖九年(1530),清乾隆十四年(1749)扩建,是一座四周由白石雕栏围护的三层石造圆台,通高五米,明、清两代,每年冬至日皇帝亲临的祭天礼仪,就在此坛举行。

圜丘坛在建筑形式上,有着许多神奇有趣的说法。这是我国古代人民巧妙运用几何学原理设计的一座杰出建筑,各项建筑材料的数学计算均极其精确,其中包含&九&的含义与运用深为中外广大游人所赞叹与称奇。

圜丘坛共分三层,每层四面各有台阶九级。每层周围都设有精雕细刻的汉白玉石栏杆。栏杆的数字均为九或九的倍数,即上层72根、中层108根、下层180根。同时,各层铺设的扇面形石板,也是九或九的倍数。如最上层的中心是一块圆形大理石(称作天心石或太极石),从中心石向外,第一环为9块,第二环18块,到第九环81块;中层从第十环的90块至十八环的162块;下层从十九环的171块至二十七环的243块,三层共378个&九&,为3402块。

同时,上层直径为9丈(取一九),中层直径为十五丈(取三五),下层直径为21丈(取三七),合起来45丈,不但是九的倍数,而且还有&九五&之尊的含义。为什么要用九或九的倍数来设计建造祭坛呢?原因是:一、据神话传说,皇天上帝是住在九重天里,用九或九的倍数来象征九重天,以表示天体的至高与至大。二、在我国古代把单数(奇数)看作阳数,而将双数(偶数)视为阴数。天为阳、地为阴。天坛是用来祭天的,只能用阳数进行建筑。而&九&又被视为&极阳数&,这是最吉祥的数字。除了封建迷信的因素外,而这种设计规制,却反映出当时工匠们高超的数学知识和计算才能,实在令人叹服。

从南门进入圜丘坛,在内墙南隅有一座用绿琉璃砖砌成的燔炉,是祭天时焚烧松柏木和祭祀后烧祝版、祝帛的地方,燔炉旁有一座瘗坎,祭典结束,把扬供全牛的尾毛血等埋在坎内,像征不忘祖先茹毛饮血的意思。大家看在燔炉前排有8座燎炉,这些是专为祭天时焚烧松柏枝、松花、松塔等用的,在坛东、西门内还各有一对。

现在我们来到了皇穹宇,它距今已有四百多年历史。殿高19.5米,底部直径15.6米。砖木结构,整个殿宇用八根檐柱支撑,顶无横梁,由众多斗拱层层上叠,天花板层层收缩,组成美丽的穹窿圆顶式的藻井。殿内正中的石台宝座,是放置皇天上帝神牌的地方;宝座前左右的石台,是放置皇帝历代祖先牌位之处。殿外的东西配殿,为供奉日月星辰和云雨风雷诸神牌位之所。现按原样陈列,并塑有清代祭天官员的蜡像。

现在是我给大家介绍回音壁,它是指围括皇穹宇和东西配殿的高大的圆形围墙而言。围墙周长193.2米,直径61.5米,墙高3.72米,厚0.9米。如果两个人分别站在院内东西配殿后的墙下,均面部朝北对墙低声说话,可像打电话一样互相对话,极其奇妙有趣,这就是回音壁得名的由来。

下面介绍的是迷人的圆心石回音

圜丘坛上层中心有一块圆心石,是游人最感兴趣的又一奇妙之处。当你站在圆心石上轻声说话时,自己听起来声音很宏大,有共鸣性回音之感。但站在第二、三环以外的人,则无此种感觉。为什么呢?原来,这也是一种声学现象:由于坛面十分光洁平滑,声波传到周围等距离的石栏围板后,能够迅速地被反射回来。据声学专家测验,从发音到声波再回到圆心石的时间,总共仅有零点零七秒钟。说话者根本无法分清它的原音和回音,所以站在圆心石的人听起来,其共鸣性回音就格外响亮。封建统治者则把这种声学现象说成是&上天垂象&,是天下万民对于朝廷的无限归心与一致响应,同时并赋予&亿兆景从石&的美名。

我们从在皇穹宇的西面出在,在这里有一株古柏,名为九龙柏,树干扭结纠屈,宛如九条盘旋而上的蟠龙,故此得名。据传这棵古柏生长于建坛之前,已有近千年历史。

天坛境内广植有树龄悠长、树身高大、四季不凋、繁茂苍翠的松树和柏树。树海林涛,森森淼淼,以造成一种&海阔天空&的广漠景象。

我们现在脚下的路叫做丹陛桥,这明明是一条笔直坦荡的大道,为何又称&桥&呢?因为在道路下辟有一个券洞,与上面的大道正好形成立体交叉,故称为桥。这是一条南北走向的石砌台基大道。全长360米,宽约30米,整个桥体由南向北逐渐升高,南端高约1米,北端高达3米左右。如此设计建造,一则象征皇帝步步高升,寓升天之意;二则表示从人间到天上,具有遥远的路程。丹陛桥为天坛内坛的主轴线,起着连接南端圜丘坛和北端祈谷坛两组建筑物的重要作用。桥面中心线的石板道叫&神道&,神道左右两侧的条石道,分别叫&御道&和&王道&。天帝神灵走&神道&,皇帝走御道,王公大臣走王道。

此刻我们脚下的便是进牲门-俗称&鬼门关&,为什么要叫&鬼门关&呢?因为于祭日前,外坛西南隅牺牲所的&所牧&和&所军&,需从此洞门自西向东赶运牛、羊、鹿、兔等至宰牲亭屠宰。这一活动叫&进牲&。因凡经过此门的牲畜,全被宰杀无存,用以制作供品,故有&鬼门关&之称。

沿着丹陛桥继续向北走,现在在我们左边的是具服台,它位设于丹陛桥北段东侧,为一座凸字形平台。这是皇帝前往祈年殿行祀谷礼时,更换冕服(祭服)的地方。

在西面是斋宫,坐落于西天门内大道南侧的松柏绿树丛中,原是封建皇帝来天坛祈谷、祀天前进行斋戒沐浴的地方。斋宫占地四万平方米,建筑呈四方形,内有正殿、寝宫、钟楼等。四周筑有两重围墙和一道护城河,建筑讲究,警卫森严。走进斋宫正门,迎面便是气势巍峨的正殿,红墙绿瓦,甚为壮观。据说用这种绿瓦以表示皇帝至此不敢妄自尊大,而只能&对天称臣&的意思。殿分五间,呈拱券形,为砖砌结构。整个殿堂不用梁、枋大木,因此也叫&无梁殿&。

殿前丹墀上有两座石亭,右边的一座较小,是放时辰牌位的地方。左边的一座呈正方形,较为高大,名&斋戒铜人石亭&。据史料记载:皇帝斋戒期间,亭内设方几一张,罩黄云缎桌衣,上设一尺五寸高的铜人像一尊。铜人双手恭奉简牌一枚,上刻斋戒二字,以使皇帝&触目惊心,恪(ke四音)恭罔懈&。意思是要皇帝有所警惕,不忘用心斋戒。

斋戒铜人在清代有三种形式:一为唐朝名臣魏征像,一为明初乐官冷谦像,一为明代太监刚炳像。相传这三人在历史上都以刚直敢谏而著称。此是明洪武十一年定下的制度,清代也沿用了下来。按规定,这里所设的铜人为冷谦像。

现在我们眼前的便是祈年殿和祈谷坛,这里是明清两代皇帝孟春祈谷的圣地。祈年殿采用上屋下坛的构造形式,三重檐逐层向上收束,作伞状,竖立于高5.6米,占地5900平方米的三层白石雕栏环抱的圆坛之上,祈年殿俗称无梁殿,整座建筑不用大梁长檩及铁钉,完全依靠二十八根擎天柱及众多的枋、木兑、桷、闩支撑和榫接起来。该殿建于明永乐十八年(1420),初名大祀殿,呈长方形。明嘉靖九年(1530),改成三重檐圆殿,并自上而下依次覆盖青、黄、绿的三色瓦,改名大享殿。清乾隆十七年(175年)改为今名,同时一律改为覆盖深蓝色琉璃瓦,以象征蓝天。光绪十五年(1889),该殿毁于雷火,次年又按原样重建。陈列于殿前的青铜大鼎炉,均是几百年前的文物。殿内柱子的数目,据说是按天象设立的。里层的四根鎏金通天柱,叫&龙井柱&,柱高18.5米,底部直径1.2米,两人也难合抱,象征春夏秋冬四季。中层的12根朱红金柱,象征一年12个月。外层的12根檐柱,象征一天的12个时辰。中层12根金柱和外层12根檐柱相加为24根,象征一年中的24个节气。金柱、檐柱和龙井柱相加为28根,象征周天28星宿。再加大殿宝顶藻井周围的8根童柱,共计36根,象征36天罡。宝顶中心的雷公柱,则象征着天帝的&一统天下&。

下面我们看到的是皇乾殿,原是平时放置皇天上帝牌位和皇帝祖先牌位的地方,又有祈谷坛寝宫之称。后来,祭祀仪式中所使用的旌旗、仪仗、乐器等物亦存放于此。内藏不少祭祀文物,现按原样陈列,并塑有清代皇帝的祭天蜡像,常年供游人观览。

位于祈年殿台基前院落的东西两侧的是东、西配殿,原是分别放置日、月、星、辰和云、雨、风、雷诸神牌位的地方。现分别辟为陈列宫廷祭天古乐、礼仪,以及日、月、星、辰等神牌位之处。

我们现在看到的是神厨从前是为祭祀宰杀牲畜和制作祭品的地方。下面看到的是神库,是收藏祭品的库房。现在经过呈&w&字形长廊,它共七十二间,起着连结祈谷坛、神厨、神库及运送祭品的重要作用。该长廊的间数正好与72地煞的数字相同,过去传说这是地煞鬼聚集的地方,廊内灯笼式竖灯暗淡,阴森可怖。后来将其窗坎拆除,从而长廊景观大变,成为人们游乐的好去处。

天泉井于神库门前有一眼水井,因其水清味甜而得名。祭天祈谷时用的供馔和糕点,全用此水调制。

现在在我们左手边的是七星石位于长廊东南侧的旷地中,共有七大一小石块。但为何称作七星石呢?据传说,明永乐帝迁都北京时,想修建一座祭天地的坛庙建筑,但难找到合适的地方。这时,有一晚他梦见天上北斗七星落地于此,谓之天遂人意,为其解了不决之难,从而降旨于此地建造祭坛。

据资料记载,七星石为明代嘉靖九年,经人工雕凿后而置于此处的。嘉靖皇帝十分迷信道教,道士对他说,祈年殿东南方太为空旷,这对他的皇位、寿命不利。于是便设七星石在此,以镇压风水。在七星石东北隅还有一块小石头,据说这是清朝统治者为了纪念他们的祖先功德而增置的。其设于七星石的东北方向,用以表示不忘本源之意。

这里是天坛的东门,关于天坛就给大家介绍到这里,谢谢大家。

北京天坛导游词250字篇六

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北京天坛导游词250字篇七

亲爱的游客们,大家好!我叫王xx ,大家可以叫我王导。我是你们的导游,请大家跟好我的脚步,我们今天的景点是北京举世闻名的天坛。

下面我们来到了天坛的祈年殿。祈年殿是天坛最早的建筑物,殿有33米高大约11层楼房那么高。1887年八月二十四日,雷雨交加,祈年殿不幸被击中,烧毁。因柱为檀香木,香飘数里。

下面我们已经到达“天库”了,“天库里有三音石,”它就在黄穹宇里,只要在第一个三音石上拍一下,就回声一下,在第二个三音石上拍一下,就回声两下,在第三个三音石上拍一下,就回声三下,所以,它们才称为“三音石”。

黄穹宇里还有回音壁,你站在一端贴着墙小声说话,另一端的人只要耳朵贴着墙面就能听的异常清晰,还有立体效果哦!大家可以试试。这证明500年前的中国人已经能够运用声学了。是不是很有智慧呢?

现在我们来到了圆丘坛,它有两个防护墙,一些阶梯和古人的雕像。

游客们,现在你们可自由观赏,但请注意,不要乱涂乱画,带小孩的游客请管好你的小孩,两个小时后在天坛门口见。

北京天坛导游词250字篇八

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各位尊敬女士们、先生们、小朋友们:

大家今天好!

我是今天的导游xxx,大家可以叫我xx。今天我们要参观的是天坛,它是世界著名文化遗产之一。今天,我很高兴和大家共同欣赏它美丽的景色和建筑,共度这段美好的时光,预祝大家玩得愉快!。

天坛是明清两代皇帝祭天的'场所,始建于明永乐18年(1420年),以后经过不断的扩建,至清乾隆年间建成。它从建成开始,一直是皇帝祭天的专用祭坛,一直延续了490年,直到1911年辛亥革命封建帝制结束,它也完成了它的使命。1918年被辟为公园,从此后“任人游览”。1957年被列入北京市第一批古建筑文物保护单位。1961年被国务院列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

天坛公园现有面积为205万平方米,保存有祈谷坛、圜丘坛、斋宫、神乐四组古建筑群,有古建筑92座600余间。是世界上现存规模最大、形制最完备的古代祭天建筑群。天坛有3500余株古松柏、古槐,树龄逾数百年。

天坛不仅是中国古代皇帝的祭坛,也是中国悠久的祭天文化的结晶,其宏伟的建筑、苍翠的古树、丰富的文物收藏既记载了中国古代先民的企盼和希望,也记载了封建帝王的睿智、昏庸和腐朽。

各位亲爱的游客朋友们,我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能与大家共同度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处,请大家批评指正,谢谢!

(导游孩子:如果是孩子的导游词只要对景点泛泛的简绍,没有对景点做有序的说明。如果按照游览顺序对标志性建筑和景物进行描述就好了。)

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北京天坛导游词250字篇十二

各位游客,大家好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。

天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣殿,主建筑是大祀殿,也就是今天的祈年殿。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙,北圆南方,寓意天圆地方。乾隆年间,将大祀殿改为现在的祈年殿,将屋顶改为蓝色的琉璃瓦,形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

这一祭天圣地,在1860年遭遇了英法联军的洗劫,1900年又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏,新中国成立以后,这里成了著名的旅游景点,还有很多健身的人们。现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的线路开始游览。

现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进,将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘坛有两道围护墙,外方内圆,符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组门,门的大小都不一样,这是因为中门是皇帝专用的,所以高大,而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。

来到圜丘坛下,我们马上就要开始登坛了,不过要请您留心数一数,每一层坛面有多少台阶。到了最高层,大家都会发现,坛上所有的阶数,都是九或九的倍数。这些难道都是巧合么当然不是,因为古人认为九是极阳数。所以工匠们便用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛的“崇高"之意。

谢谢你们来北京天坛,欢迎下次再来啦!

各位游客:大家好,我是你们的导游,曹宇翔。下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说,现在大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛,从远出看是个八角形宝塔。天坛是王屋的主峰,高峰耸寺深古纵横,一峰突起,万峰臣伏,唯我独尊,从南向北看中间高,两边低,好似屋顶像王者之屋,称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台,因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天,后人为了纪念,该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点,把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。我们走过天坛,又来到了望景寺,这里可以这人观赏天坛的风景。天坛是世界文化遗产,国家5a级旅游景区,全国重点文明保护单位。于北京正阳门,东南方自,为明清两朝皇帝祭天,求雨和祈,寿年专用祭坛,是世界上现在规模最大,最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米年作为公园正式对外开放。坛为三层圆形石台,坛区占地20万余平方米。因此;明清时期北京的天坛与历朝代郊坛有一脉相承的渊源。天地坛遂改称为天坛。消沿明制,天坛一称沿用至今。从乾隆八年1743年起,对天坛建筑进行了多次修理,天坛终于形成了南北两坛,规制严谨的盛郎风貌。天坛到处有美丽的风景,说也说不尽,希望你有机会细细游赏。

北京天坛导游词250字篇十三

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北京天坛导游词250字篇十四

牐犗衷谠勖羌绦沿着中轴线行走,面前的建筑叫做天库,而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年,起初叫做泰神殿,到了十七年,改名为现在的皇穹宇,它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方,所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌,而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主,还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上,天,宇宙的意思,更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。

牐犓是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇,总体呈圆形,下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座,为青白石筑成,有东南西三个方向的出陛,也就是台阶,而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱,大殿上架没有横梁承托,全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑,步步收缩,从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美,而且还有回音壁和三音石,这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙,围墙建造的磨砖对缝,十分的平滑,是很好的声音载体,可以传声,在传递途中对声音损失极小,只要对着墙说话,就算相隔四五十米,见不到面,都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头,您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音,第二块石头可以听到两次,而第三块就可以听到三次回音,所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石,取天地人三才的意思。

牐犚残砟刚才就已经注意到了,天坛有非常多的柏树,不错,它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中,有一株500余岁的桧柏,就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特,布满了沟壑,而且旋转扭曲,好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏,所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。

牐犜谟卫拦了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后,我们就即将走进祈谷坛了,而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥,也叫做海墁大道,而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道,长360米,桥面上分为三条道,中间的是神道,东边是御道,西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢?这有两种说法,一种是说路面南低北高,步步高升,好像与天相连接的桥;而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门,类似立交桥,所以称之为桥。说到进牲门,就是在祭祀前,牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀,制成供品,所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关,因为一进去就有死无生了。

牐牶茫回到正题,现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台,在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前,皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次,盥洗更衣,所以这里还有小金殿之称。

牐牭酱耍祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三层的圆形石台,而在正面三层石台阶中,分别装饰着巨大的浮雕,叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是:瑞云山海,双凤山海,双龙山海。各层排水孔的图案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间,原来是安放从祀牌位的地方,不过在家靖年间,把它们挪到了先农坛,所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩,都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖,以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶,抬头仰视,便是龙凤藻井,中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地柱支撑的,中间的四柱名叫龙井柱,东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬;而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间,则分别代表了一年的12个月份;外面两环的24个开间有分别代表了一年的24个节气;同时,这28根大柱,也代表了天上的28个星宿。据说这祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。在感叹殿内建筑的同时,也让我们把注意力逐渐转移到殿内的陈设上来。这里的陈设是按照清朝咸丰年间原状恢复的,正面的雕龙宝座上供奉着的是满汉合璧的皇天上帝神版,左右两侧的石台上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。

牐牶兔磕甑募捞煲谎,这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天,有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐,身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿,向牌位行大礼,祈祷上苍,然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧,送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。

牐牭秸饫铮祈年殿也差不多讲完了,而它还有一个附属建筑,作用和皇穹宇差不多,也是存放祈谷坛祭祀神主的地方,就是祈年殿北侧的皇乾殿。

牐犗衷谖颐谴悠砉忍车亩门出来,可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊,共有七十二间,俗称七十二连房,它不仅用来连接神厨神库,而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道,在长廊的东头,就是宰牲亭,就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要道这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向,有八块巨大的青石,称为七星石,都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢?原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头,而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代,有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好,不利于国家,所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代,康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据,就派人考察山脉,发现泰山是长白山的余脉,所以就在原来七块石头的东北方有放了一小块儿青石,象征东北长白山,如果按这种说法,那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。

牐犜萸也还芩们怎么定论了。今天的观光游览就要结束了,在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。

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