人生天地之间,若白驹过隙,忽然而已,我们又将迎来新的喜悦、新的收获,一起对今后的学习做个计划吧。优秀的计划都具备一些什么特点呢?又该怎么写呢?下面我帮大家找寻并整理了一些优秀的计划书范文,我们一起来了解一下吧。
教学计划数学 教学计划指导思想篇一
1、孩子倾听习惯的培养。
2、使孩子养成读书的好习惯。
3、喜欢与他人交往。
4、学会初步理解孩子文学作品。
1、词汇:孩子学习形容词、量词,中班组以海报的形式将形容词、量词公布出去,与家长形成互动,为孩子创造良好的语言环境,使孩子能够更加准确的使用形容词、量词,丰富孩子的词汇量。
2、开展“词的扩散”练习,即在学习及日常活动中以一个词为扩散点做组词造句的训练,如“火”——“火车”“火箭”引导孩子说出更多的带有“火”字的词。并逐步向完整的句子过渡“爸爸带我去看火车展览”。
1、在本月进行的家长开放日的活动中对语言领域的培养内容进行展示。
2、学习相反词。
3、“视态训练”说话法
由:单一的动作→分步表述→完整连续表述。
1、在孩子完整表述的基础上能够创造性的使用词汇并对身边的事物进行描述。
2、开展孩子谜语大赛,把孩子原创的谜语写在彩纸上制作成灯谜的形式,请孩子家长猜一猜。
以上是9~12月份中班组的月计划,在此基础上在孩子的一日生活中还渗透以下环节:
1、 报菜谱:孩子根据孩子园当天的食谱在三餐的时候进行播报,即培养了孩子不挑食的好习惯,又有意识的促进家长对孩子园伙食情况的了解。
2、 娃娃报新闻:可采用读报、说报、剪报的形式让孩子同家长把要播报的新闻整理出来拿到孩子园进行播报。
3、 天气预报员:孩子可通过收看天气预报员的形式,纪录下第二天的天气情况,并为其他孩子进行播报。
上述是中班语言领域的发展计划,中班组将严格按照计划对孩子进行培养,但在具体实施的阶段如发现不足随时进行调整,以便对使孩子语言领域得到更好的发展。
教学计划数学 教学计划指导思想篇二
������ñ§ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ý½ì²ä´ï¿½ùµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½àº¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¼°ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ó´ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²½µý½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ä´ù½ï¿½ï¿½ð°àº¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ ���â·ý£ï¿½
����1����������ï°ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����3��ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âº¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½
����1���ê»ã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½î³é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä´ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡°ï¿½ð¡±¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ö°ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1���ú±ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä»î¶¯ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½à·´ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����3������ì¬ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1���úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã´ê»ã²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô��������ð´ï¿½ú²ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëº¢ï¿½ó¼ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����������9~12�â·ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½
����1�� �����ף����ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½äºï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä´ù½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â¡£
����2�� ���þ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�� ����ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½âµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½é½«ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½õ¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ä½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ç·¢ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
教学计划数学 教学计划指导思想篇三
这篇课文意境优美,人物形象鲜明行动,感情真挚浓烈。文章叙述了在风雪交加的行军途中,一位红军的军需处长因衣服过于单薄被严寒冻死的感人事迹,表现了这位军需处长毫不利己专门利人的高贵品质。本课的教学重点是通过对军需处长冻死时的神态、动作、穿着及将军的神态的描写,体会军需处长的献身精神。教学难点是理解为什么说被大雪覆盖的军需处长成了一座晶莹的丰碑。
1、以读为主,在读中整体感知,在读中有所感悟,在读中培养语感,在读中受到情感的熏陶。
2、以教材为载体,注重语文的工具性和人文性的统一。学习本课既要领悟作者侧面描写的方法,又要体会作者在语言文字中表达出来的思想感情。
知识目标:理解课文内容,有感情朗读课文。正确理解“丰碑”含义。体会课文的叙述顺序,学习侧面描写的方法。
能力目标:深刻领悟文章所表达的思想内容,学习作者按思想感情发展变化的脉络进行记叙的方法,培养学生理解、分析问题的能力。
情感目标:从军需处长崇高的精神境界中感悟红军英勇卓绝的军魂,受到高尚情操的熏陶和感染。能列举现实生活中可称为丰碑的人物。
重点:通过对军需处长冻死时的动作、神态、穿着及将军的神态的描写,体会军需处长的献身精神。
难点:理解为什么说被大雪覆盖的军需处长成了一座晶莹的丰碑。
自制多媒体课件
一、激趣寻碑
导入:(出示红军过雪山幻灯)在海拔20xx多米的云中山上狂风呼啸,大雪纷飞,一支为后续部队开辟道路的红军队伍在冰天雪地里艰难地前进,他们可能吃不上饭,可能睡雪窝,可能一天要走一百几十里路,可能遭到敌人的突然袭击。将军在思索着,这支队伍能不能经受住这样严峻的考验呢?让我们带着同样的思索学习课文丰碑。
1、请同学们快速地默读课文,说说课文里描写了一支什么样的队伍?这支队伍正在经受什么样的严峻考验呢?
2、学生交流。教师相机板书
(装备很差、恶(liè)劣的环境、残酷(kù)的战斗)
3、小结:这样一支装备很差的队伍正经受着严峻的考验后,最终却取得了伟大的胜利。这是为什么?
(启发学生回答引出人物,教师随即板书:军需处长、将军)
二、感悟识碑
下面请同学们自由地读3-13自然段,找出你最受感动的地方,多读几遍。
1、(出示第七自然段内容幻灯)教师深情范读第7段。提问:你知道老战士是谁吗?(军需处长),我们都知道军需处长是负责军队所需给养的。从这一段话中,你体会到这位军需处长是个什么样的人?从哪儿看出来的?
(1)想一想,什么地方让你最感动的地方?说说你的理由(镇定、安祥,面向困难,关心同志,死也毫不畏惧。)
(2)交流反馈
引读:军需处长在冻僵之前一定很冷很冷,可是他仍十分镇定、安祥地把生死置之度外,把党的事业看得高于自己的生命。多么令人感动啊,女生齐读第7段。
2、如果你此时身在云中山,身为军需处长,你会怎样想?
3、(出示课文插图)面对着此情此景,你想对军需处长说些什么?
学生交流汇报
4、合作探究:你们认为军需处长和丰碑之间,有哪些相似之处?(形象、精神)
过渡:看军需处长的面容是那么的平静安祥,在狂风暴雪中毫不动摇,他舍己为人的精神,把生的希望让给战友,把死的威胁留给自己的高尚品质将与高山同在,与日月共鸣,他用自己的身躯、自己的生命、自己的灵魂铸造了这座晶莹的丰碑,矗立在你、我每一个人的心中。让我们怀着对军需处长无比崇敬和思念之情齐读这一段。
三、表演悟碑
面对此情此景,将军又会有什么样的反应?指名朗读8-12自然段。画出描写将军动作、神态、语言的句子。
1、指名读,教师随机幻灯出示。
质疑:将军为什么会有这样的反应?从具体的句子中体会交流。(重点围绕“抽动”、“抖动”、“发怒”、“愣住”、“敬礼”来体会)
2、引读:面对恶劣的环境,将军没有流泪;面对凶狠的敌人,将军也没有流泪,面对冻死的军需处长,将军流泪了。男同学一起读读这段吧!
3、同学们,将军的一举一动,一言一行深深的感染着我们在坐的每一位同学,我想请几位同学来再现一下当时的情景。(一人当军需处长,一人当将军,一人当警卫,一人读叙述,几名围观的战士)
4、小结:同学们,将军向跟云中山化为一体的军需处长敬了一个军礼,这不是一个普通的军礼,它表达了将军的千言万语,表达了对军需处长的沉痛哀悼和无限崇敬。是啊,这样的好战士,谁不敬佩呢?让我们带着无比崇敬和无比自豪的感情再读第7自然段。再一次感受军需处长那崇高的品质。
四、总结赞碑
过渡:军需处长的身体被大雪覆盖,军需处长的精神像一座无形的晶莹的丰碑矗立每一位红军战士心中,震憾着他们,激励着他们在漫天的风雪中昂首阔步,勇往直前,任何艰难险阻,任何强大的敌人,都是可以战胜的。让我们齐读课文最后一段(出示幻灯)将军什么话也没说,大步走进漫天的风雪中。他听见无数沉重而坚定的脚步声。那声音似乎在告诉人们:如果胜利不属于这样的队伍,还会属于谁呢?
五、拓展思碑
1、课文中的丰碑就单指军需处长一人吗?为什么?
2、长征途中,像军需处长这样的人有很多很多,同学们还记得他们吗?说说看。
学生汇报
3、过渡:为了新中国的诞生,为了捍卫和平,保家卫国,为了祖国的繁荣富强,多少
教学计划数学 教学计划指导思想篇四
孩子们入园以来,在刚开始感知图形形状的活动中,他们还是区分的`比较好的,接下来感知颜色,我一一给他们讲解,他们似乎也是半懂不懂,也许由于小班幼儿入园才两个多月,我发现很多幼儿分不清颜色,于是散步时或玩玩具时,我常常有意或无意的问幼儿:“你知道这是什么颜色吗?”聪明的孩子一教就会,从而带动了班里的幼儿对颜色认知的兴趣。因此,我针对这一现象和课改纲要的自主学习,通过幼儿熟悉的物品,设计了这一节课。
1. 引导幼儿熟悉物品名称,认识三原色:红黄蓝
2. 正确贴好贴纸
重点: 通过幼儿熟悉的物品,认识红黄蓝三原色。
难点: 正确贴好贴纸
红黄蓝物品若干种,红黄蓝大圆片各一个,小圆片每个幼儿一个。
1. 情境导入。
2. 教师依次出示红黄蓝物品,请幼儿说说物品是什么颜色的?
3. 教师依次出示红黄蓝大圆片,提问幼儿各是什么颜色的,教师相应说明:这是红、黄、蓝宝宝。
4. 发给幼儿每人一个小圆片,并请幼儿说说自己拿到的圆片是什么颜色的。
5. 游戏:小圆片找家。
6. 正确贴好贴纸。
(1) 教师示范讲清正确粘贴方法。
(2) 幼儿操作。
(3) 展示幼儿完成的作品
7.活动结束。
通过活动,幼儿从原有的基础上练习颜色分类,并得以巩固。大部分幼儿都能专注于活动,并大胆回答问题。操作常规较好,能按教师提出的要求进行。但操作时幼儿一些行为习惯的训练还没到位,再加上孩子的自控能力较差,注意力容易转移等特点,所以对于进行游戏活动的材料虽然产生了强烈的好奇心,以至于有小朋友拿着操作材料在参加活动时,太过于着急,把贴纸一下就撕坏了,今后需加强培养幼儿边操作边讲述的良好操作习惯。只有这样才能使幼儿大胆的去动手、动脑,发挥自己的天性。让幼儿在实践中发展创造力和想象力,并在每节课后都有及时总结经验,认真反思,为今后的科学活动奠定坚实科学的基础。不断丰富自己的教学经验,不断的完善和提高教学水平,使自己的业务素质更上一层楼。
教学计划数学 教学计划指导思想篇五
����
����1�������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½â¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ã¡£
����2.�����ù¶ï¿½ï°ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3.����ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����
����
������l���ö¶î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½â¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ã¡£
������2�����û´ê»ã¡£
����
�����ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����
����
����
����1������׼���ð¼óµï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ë¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ã« ë¥ ï¿½ï¿½ î² ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��
������ �� �� �� �� �� �� ��
������ �� �� ç² ï¿½ï¿½ �� �� ��
������ ò¶ �������� �� ��
����2���鹤���飬�������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
������1���ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ©ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½
������2���è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½å¡£
������3���îµú£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
������4�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������5���ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ñ��������
������6������������ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¶ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½â¡£
������7��������������������������ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
������8���û²â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½û²ì²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
������9�����⣺����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1�����߼�飺�����ã¿ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ò¡ï¿½
����2������
�������äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²å»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½å©ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½îªï¿½â£¬ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1���ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������ó£ï¿½ï¿½ã±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡2�����ú¶ï¿½
�����ꡣ
����2��������ä·ö¶î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�������û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ä»¯ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ãµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô¡ï¿½
���������î£ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°9�족��ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
�������ä¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
����3.���ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ë³ï¿½ï¿½
�������õ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½
����4�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½
�������ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡±¡ï¿½ï¿½ù¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ó�ó¡ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����5���ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½
����
������1����ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ë¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½þ´ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ �ë¸ñ»¯£ï¿½
�����ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2����ñ©ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½îµú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(�ú»ï¿½ �è·ï¿½ �îµï¿½ �ã´êµï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����(3��������è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä·ï¿½
������ê®ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡££ï¿½
����(4������ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´êµï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªö²ï¿½ï¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ôµã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï»¯ï¿½ï¿½
������5)ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·×·ï¿½ ����
���������ó£ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢µï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������6����ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¼êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼£ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ ��������
�����������î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢µï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������
������7����������ò»æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ó�ó·ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ë¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢µï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������8���������ç£ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´êµï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ í¬õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �󡢵��å¡ï¿½
����6���ê£ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ �ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����7�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¾ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ë³ï¿½ï¿½
�������û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½
����8�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½
������l���ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡±ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������
������2���ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ù¿ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý³ï¿½ï¿½ý·é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢µï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½
������3���ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ä£ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½é´ß´ï¿½å©
������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����9�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§
�����ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ø´ï¿½
����
�����ò¹ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò¡£µï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½å©òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����10�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
�������ó¹å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������äµäµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ô¡ï¿½
教学计划数学 教学计划指导思想篇六
1.理解文章内容,归纳段意及文章的内容要点。
2.培养速读习惯和能力。
3.积累一些词语。
(l)分段、归纳段意及文章的内容要点。
(2)积累词汇。
速读的习惯和能力。
教学时间二课时
1.,读准下列加点字的音。
衰草连天 鬓 毛 衰 翘 尾 巴 连 翘
观 测 道 观 播 种 耕 种
差 异 差 遣 差 劲 参 差
落 叶 丢三落四 落 枕
2.查工具书,解释下列词语。
(1)融化:(冰、雪等)变成水。
(2)萌发:种子、草木发芽。萌、发同义。
(3)次第:一个挨一个地。
(4)呈现:显出、露出。
(5)周而复始:形容不断地循环往复。
(6)花香鸟语:形容大自然的美好景象,多指春天的风光。
(7)物候;生物的周期性现象与气候的关系。
(8)观测:本课指观察并测验。
(9)悬殊:相差很远。
3.阅读课文,思考自读提示及课后练习。
1.作者简介:作者竺可帧,物候学家。
2.导语
本文的题目是《大自然的语言》,所谓语言是人们交流思想、传递信息的工具,大自然怎么会有语言?我们读了这篇文章才会恍然大悟,原来指的是大自然的物候现象,如草木枯荣,候鸟去来等,实际上起着预报农时的作用,从这一点上说,物候现象仿佛就是传递信息的“大自然的语言”。
本文以“大自然的语言”为题,显得新颖别致,引人入胜。
1.速读课文。要求以最快的速度阅读课文,做到注意力集中,不出
声,不回视,用笔画出主要词语,记住文章的主要内容。争取2分钟内读
完。
2.请给课文分段并归纳段意。
讨论并归纳:
第一段:从开头到“这种变化对动植物的影响。”说明什么是物候,什么是物候学。
第二段:从“物候观测使用的……”到“就可能避免”。说明物候学对农业的重要性。
第三段;从“物候现象的来!脑决定于哪些因素呢”到“春天提前9天”。说明决定物候现象迟早的各种因素。
第四段:从物候学这门研究……”到完。说明研究物候学的意义。
3.提问:第一自然段描绘了一年四季丰富的物候现象,按照什么顺序?
按照春、夏、秋、冬的时间顺序。
4.提问:这一段哪些词语说明时间的推移?
用了“过后”“再过”“不久”“于是转入”“到了”“准备迎接”等词语,变化灵活。
5提问:这一段哪些词语写得生动典雅?
(1)大地渐渐从沉睡中苏醒过来。(运用拟人的修辞手法把“大地” 人格化,
显得亲切动人。)
(2)冰雪融化,草木萌发,各种花次第开放(融化 萌发 次第 用词典雅,富有
形象性。)
(3)燕子翩然归来。(翩然指轻快地飞舞的样子,用来描绘燕子的飞
行十分恰当、形象。)
(4)这是植物孕育果实的时期。(用词典雅,如果改为植物“结果”则
显得口语化。
(5)植物的叶子渐渐变黄,在秋风中簌簌的落下来。(“簌簌”是纷纷 落下
的样子,用词形象、典雅。)
(6)活跃在田间草际的昆虫也都销声匿迹。(“销声匿迹”指消失了 鸣叫声,
藏起了形迹,用词形象、典雅。如果改为“消失了”则显得口语 化。)
(7)到处呈现一片蓑草连天的景象,准备迎接风雪载途的寒冬。
(“衰草连天”“风雪载途”用词形象、典雅,给人美感。)
(8)年年如是,周而复始。(用词典雅,有文言色彩。)
以上以优美生动的写景笔调描绘了一年四季丰富的物候现象,如 同展现一幅四季风光的画卷,给人种种有关物候的丰富联想。用词形 象、典雅。
6提问:第二自然段举了哪些例子说明“劳动人民注意了草木荣 枯、候鸟去来等自然现象同气候的关系,据以安排农事。”
讨论并归纳;举了三个例子。
7.提问:这一段举的三个例子按照什么顺序?
讨论并归纳:按时间先后顺序。
8。提问:这一段哪些词语写得生动活泼形象?
讨论并归纳:
(l)用“传语”“暗示”“唱歌”这些词语形象地说明大自然的语言,拟
人生动。
(2)用“草木荣枯”“候鸟去来”“花香鸟语”“草长驾飞”这些词写物
候现象,用词形象、典雅。
(3)用“阿公阿婆,割麦插禾”俗语,模仿布谷鸟的叫声,说成催促农
民及时耕作的话,十分形象生动。
9.提问:第三自然段讲到什么是物候,什么是物候学,请一个同学
用概括的语言回答。
我国古代劳动人民把一些自然现象称为物候。到了近代,利用物候知识来研究农业生产的科学叫作物候学。
10.提问:这一段说明的顺序是怎样的?
按从古代到近代,从起源到发展,从知识到科学,言之有序。
课文的第一部分以优美生动的写景笔调,描绘了一年四季丰富的物候现象,
形象地说明了什么是物候,什么是物候现象。每一个段落里面的句序也讲究条
理性。
教学计划数学 教学计划指导思想篇七
����
������������ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸õ¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½öªí¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½`�è½ïºãµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ò²ï¿½ç°ë¶®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½öºü¶ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì¾í»á£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿î¸ä¸ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿î¡ï¿½
����
����1. �����׶���ï¤ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ôé«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2. ��è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½
����
�����øµã£º í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôé«ï¿½ï¿½
�����ñµã£º ��è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½
����
�����������æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ô²æ¬ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1. �龳���롣
����2. ��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����3. ��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºì¡¢ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4. �����׶�ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ô²æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����5. ��ï·ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ô²æ¬ï¿½ò¼ò¡ï¿½
����6. ��è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½
������1�� ��ê¦ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2�� �׶�������
������3�� õ¹ê¾ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·
����7.�������
����
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�ðµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨×¢ï¿½ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºã£ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½×¶ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½îªï°ï¿½ßµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²î£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²î¼ó»î¶¯ê±ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ò»ï¿½â¾ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨µï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ú¿îºï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ü½á¾ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·´ë¼ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·á¸»ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½
教学计划数学 教学计划指导思想篇八
����
������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿å¨ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½í¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¸ß¹ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡£½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¨ï¿½ä·á±®ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1���ô¶ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����2���ô½ì²ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����
����öªê¶ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½á±®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß°ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·¢õ¹ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾³½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½×¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õºí¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿é³ï¿½îªï¿½á±®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
�����øµã£ºí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¨ï¿½ä·á±®ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������æ¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ñ°ï¿½ï¿½
�������룺����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ©é½ï¿½ãµæ£ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20xx���׵�����é½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ©ï¿½×·é£ï¿½ò»ö§îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½â·ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ü³ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¯ñ©ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½í»è»ï®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·á±®ï¿½ï¿½
����1����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö§ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½é£¿ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������װ���ü²î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½li�����óµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿á£¨k������õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö§×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½æ¼´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµø¶ï¿½3-13��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����1������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý»ãµæ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½7�î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ë�𣿣����账���������ç¶ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
������1����ò»ï¿½ë£¬ê²ã´ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ò¶¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½
������2����������
�������������账���ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½7�î¡ï¿½
����2��������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¿
����3������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ëµð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨
����4������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·á±®ö®ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ç±©ñ©ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¼ºîªï¿½ëµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½õ½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½í¬ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¨ï¿½ä·á±®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½å¶ô¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±è³ç¾´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
��������������
������ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½8-12��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµæ³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½î§ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½é¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å�������ס��������������ᣩ
����2����������ô¶ï¿½ï¿½óµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ºýµäµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°é£ï¿½
����3��í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼¸î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½âµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ûµï¿½õ½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½
����4��ð¡ï¿½á£ºí¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ô¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ³ç¾´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½õ½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ë�������ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±è³ç¾´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½7��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ßµï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½þ±ï¿½
�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±»ï¿½ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä¾ï¿½ó¨ï¿½ä·á±®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºî¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½îºï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ê¤ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµæ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ò²ã»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½á¶¨ï¿½ä½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë�ø£ï¿½
�����塢��õ¹ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����1�������ðµä·á±®ï¿½íµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����2������í¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ü¶à£¬í¬ñ§ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨
����3�����é£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½