当前位置:网站首页 >> 作文 >> 教学设计方案范例(18篇)

教学设计方案范例(18篇)

格式:DOC 上传日期:2023-03-23 16:16:16
教学设计方案范例(18篇)
时间:2023-03-23 16:16:16     小编:zdfb

方案是从目的、要求、方式、方法、进度等都部署具体、周密,并有很强可操作性的计划。优秀的方案都具备一些什么特点呢?又该怎么写呢?下面是小编为大家收集的方案策划书范文,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

教学设计方案范例篇一

通过对诗中意象的赏析,体会它塑造的意境

通过对诗中关键字词的把握,来体会作者的思想感情

教学重点、难点:体会诗歌中的意象为本文奠定了怎样的基调

教学设想:对于诗歌的学习,学生总是感觉很茫然,似乎鉴赏诗歌没有规律可循。通过对杜甫的《登高》一诗的鉴赏分析,以及对有类似特点的诗歌《送友人》的鉴赏,使同学们把握两点学习诗歌的规律,为他们以后学习与《登高》类似的诗歌时提供一些借鉴。

导入:各位同学,前几天我们学习了《梦游天姥吟留别》这首诗,它的作者是唐朝伟大的浪漫主义诗人李白。今天我们来学习另外一位伟大的现实主义诗人杜甫的作品《登高》。

作者简介:因为以前同学们都学过他的一些诗歌,所以对杜甫有所了解,哪位同学来向大家介绍一下你所了解的杜甫?

杜甫,字子美,自号少陵野老。后人又称他为杜少陵,又因他曾官至检校工部员外郎,后人又称他为杜工部。他的作品大都收在《杜工部集》里。他的诗歌因为多是反映现实生活的,所以又称他的诗为“诗史”。他和李白、白居易一起被称为唐朝三大诗人。

杜甫一生不得志。天宝四年(公元745年),他34岁时,抱着“至君尧舜上,再使风俗淳。”的理想来到长安应试求官。适逢奸相李林甫玩弄权术,应试人无一录取。杜甫困守长安达十年。又值安史之乱。他颠沛流离。闻唐肃宗在灵武即位,他前往投奔,被叛军捉住,押回长安。后来逃出,一人到达唐肃宗的临时驻地凤翔,皇上授他左拾遗的官职。上任不久,因为宰相房琯被罢官。他上疏营救,触怒皇帝,被贬官到华州。公元759年他辞官西行,到了四川,在成都西郊浣花溪畔盖了一座草堂,就是杜甫草堂,三年后川军叛乱,他又开始漂泊流浪。后来在节度使严武的保荐下,做了节度使参谋等职,严武死后,他失去依靠,再次辗转于江陵、岳州、衡水一带。公元770年冬天,这位饱经忧患的老人病逝在湘江水上一条小船里,时年59岁。(投影)

杜甫的一生四处漂流。他的诗歌大多都是反映他在四处漂流时的所见所感。今天我们来了解一下他的这首《登高》,看看诗人在诗中抒发了怎样的思想感情,他又是怎样来抒发他的思想感情的。

本文的教学目标是:通过对诗中意象的赏析,对诗中关键字词的把握,来体会作者的思想感情。并养成能鉴赏类似诗歌的能力。(投影)

所谓意象,就是指作者在作品中提到的景物,并对这些景物赋予了自己的主观感情色彩。(投影)

我们举个例子来具体了解一下什么是意象?马致远的元曲,[天净沙](秋思)。大家都学过吧?现在齐背一遍。“枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马,夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯!”(投影)

在这首元曲中写了哪些景物?枯藤、老树、昏鸦、小桥、流水、人家、古道、西风、瘦马。18个字写了9处景物。前三句一个名词一处景物,这些景物写出了一幅秋日黄昏的萧瑟凄凉的画面。面对着这样的景物,远在天涯的游子自然而然的产生出一种思乡之情。曲中的这些景物蕴含着作者的思乡之情,赋予了作者主观的感情色彩,这就是意象。

现在大家听我读一遍,注意我读的感情、节奏。

找几个学生再有感情地朗读一遍。

同学们再齐读一遍,注意读出感情。

同学们来说一说看完这首诗,给你一种什么样的感觉?(学生发言来说一说)

现在我们来鉴赏一下这首诗。

教师:首联“风急天高猿啸哀,渚清沙白鸟飞回”写了哪些景物?

明确:风、天、猿、渚、沙、鸟。

教师:这六种景物构成了怎样的一幅画面。哪位同学来给大家描述一下?

明确:急风在猛烈地吹着,天空寥廓,猿在不住地哀鸣。水中青色的小洲,沙滩上白色的沙子,鸟儿在急风中飞舞盘旋。尤其是猿的啼叫,在作者的耳中听来却是一种哀鸣,鸟儿和雄鹰展翅飞翔还不一样,而是在盘旋。这些景物构成了一幅凄凉冷清的画面。

教师:我们把对景物的领悟与杜甫当时的处境和命运联系起来思考,说说这些景物在诗人看来是一幅怎样的画面?

明确:冷清而凄凉的画面。

教师:咱们再来鉴赏一下颔联。“无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来。”放眼望去,看到的是落叶纷纷而下,长江波涛滚滚,向东流去。在这样的情境下,想一想诗人能联想到什么呢?

明确:无边的落叶,纷纷落下。遍地一片荒凉的景象。面对滔滔不绝地江水,想自己大半生的漂泊,年华就这样逝去,却没有建立功业。不由得使人悲上心头。

教师:颈联中有一个字可以说很明显的写出了作者的心情,大家考虑是哪一个字?

明确:“悲”字。作客在外,已经是够可悲的了,却又是离家万里,睹物生情,自然是悲伤而愁苦。“百年多病独登台,年岁已大,却又得了病,而且又是孤苦伶仃一个人登高台,作者的心情怎样,自然不难理解。

登高台想到了自己和国家的命运,一生中没有实现自己的抱负,现在却已两鬓斑白,岁月已逝。壮志不得申,如果有酒来消愁,那也是一件可以解愁的办法,可是却已戒酒了,只有一个人默默地承受着这种痛苦。

对于这首诗,它的首联和颔联,选取了八种景物,来渲染出一种冷清而悲凉的气氛。为本诗奠定了抒情基调。

在颔联中,一个“悲”字,把作者的悲伤感情直白的表现了出来。通过这首诗的学习,我们总结出两点规律,一是抓住诗中的意象的特点。不同的意象蕴含着作者不同的思想感情。了解这些意象蕴含着作者怎样的思想感情。如明显的“猿啸哀、鸟飞还、落木、长江滚滚。”这些意象及其特点明显的为本诗奠定了悲伤的基调。(投影)

其次,就是抓住关键性的字词,颔联中的“悲”字,就是本诗的诗眼。通过这个字,进一步了解作者在诗中抒发的思想感情。(投影)

教师:现在,给大家5分钟时间来读几遍,把这首诗背诵下来。

由学生齐背一遍。

鉴赏《送友人》:刚才我们总结了学习诗歌的两点规律,现在大家就来鉴赏一下李白的《送友人》,这首诗。(投影)。

给学生五分钟时间,由学生来鉴赏讨论。

然后由学生来发言。(略)教师略加指导、分析。

总结本课:在本学期的学习中,我们要学到大量的诗歌,对于诗歌的学习,本课只是为同学们学习诗歌提供点借鉴,知道些鉴赏诗歌的方法。鉴赏诗歌的方法以及鉴赏角度很多,希望大家能够不断探索出一些规律,从而能更好的鉴赏诗歌。

谢谢大家。下课。

板书:

登高

杜甫

意象:风、天、猿、渚、沙、鸟、落木、长江

关键字:悲

教学设计方案范例篇二

�����ú¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£º

����

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ö´êµä°ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµì¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ñ­ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶å¸ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ß¡ï¿½ò»ê«ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ê¹í¬ñ§ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê«ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ë¡¶ï¿½ç¸ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½á¹©ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

�������룺��î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë¶å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������߼�飺��îªï¿½ï¿½ç°í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ê«ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô¶å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ä¶å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«îªï¿½ï¿½ê«ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½×¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð±»³ï¿½îªï¿½æ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

�����å¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì±¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¨ï¿½ï¿½ôª745�꣩����34��ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¢ë´ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åªè¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»â¼è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ê·ö®ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼´î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½×½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ñºï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±×¤ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê°ï¿½åµä¹ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·¿ï¿½g���õ¹ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óªï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å­ï¿½êµû£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôª759�����ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½»ï¿½ïªï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´¨¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ê¼æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ú¶ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ú¶ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½õ·×ªï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôª770�궬�죬��î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½­ë®ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½59�ꡣ��í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½

�����å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¶¼ï¿½ç·ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

�������äµä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ö´êµä°ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½

������î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½

�������ç¾ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½[�쾻é³]����ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±³ò»ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ë¼ò£ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½

����������ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ò¡ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½18����ð´ï¿½ï¿½9�����ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£

�����ò¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡£

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½

������������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ð¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ø¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿

������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ì¡¢ô³ï¿½ï¿½ä¾¡ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½

������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµø´ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ú²ï¿½×¡ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½þ£ï¿½é³ì²ï¿½ï°ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¥õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»¹ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ¶ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½×·×¶ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½è´ã»ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ´ï¿½è´ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµç¸ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

�����ç¸ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ°ß°×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½×³ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½à¡£

������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡è¡ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ð£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä±ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½×µä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ê«ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¡ï¿½ô³ð¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ëµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½

������î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½û¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±³ò»ï¿½é¡£

�������í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½

����è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ü½á±¾ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½îªí¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ç¶èºü¶à£¬ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è¡£

����ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½

�������飺

�����ç¸ï¿½

�����å¸ï¿½

�������󣺷硢�졢ô³ï¿½ï¿½ä¾¡ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

教学设计方案范例篇三

本专题的学习方式是活动体验。《不自由,毋宁死》可看作是其中演讲活动的具体材料。所以确立教学目标时,既不能纯粹从文本鉴赏的角度去处理,也不能完全抛开文本组织演讲。而要把理解文本与训练演讲结合起来。于是在实际教学中首先让学生在课前认真预习文本内容,背诵文章的最后两段,为课堂演讲训练做准备。上课时让学生了解作者发表演讲的时代背景,为更好地把握演讲内容和情感作铺垫。在此基础上针对文本进行具体的演讲训练与如何运用语调和语气、表情和手势等演讲技巧的指导。为学生创设情境并提供充分的活动机会和有针对性的指导。最后在师生共同演讲文本的高潮部分中也将课堂活动效果推向高潮。

1、学生能在理解文本的基础上进行有效的演讲训练,学会借助语调和语气、表情和手势,增强演讲效果。

2、学生能通过训练不断提高自己演讲的能力,并在演讲中树立自信,培养自身较好的心理素质与控场能力,展现自我个性与风度和大方的仪态。

1、创设情境,调动学生的想象与情感积累,充分体会文本中作者的观点与情感,为具体的演讲活动服务。

2、为学生提供充分的活动机会,并对其演讲实践进行有针对性的有效指导,并恰当地进行演讲技巧的传授。

对于作者学生很陌生,要介绍作者生活与背景让学生更好的了解文章的中心思想。

合作探究法、组织演讲

1、预习全文,写一段演讲辞,推想帕特里克亨利之前演讲者的主要观点和内容,准备在课堂上演讲。

2、背诵本文的最后两段内容。

(此环节是为使学生能通过预习对文本有深入的理解,也为课堂的演讲训练作好必要准备。

1课时

1、预习全文,写一段演讲辞,推想帕特里克亨利之前演讲者的主要观点和内容,准备在课堂上演讲。

2、背诵本文的最后两段内容。

(此环节是为使学生能通过预习对文本有深入的理解,也为课堂的演讲训练作好必要准备。)

好的演讲,如同布谷报春,又似战鼓催征。它可以使迷惘者得以清醒,沉沦者为之振作,徘徊者更加坚定,观望者毅然奋起,先进者策马飞奔。同学们,一副好口才,会为我们的生活增色不少。好口才是令人羡慕的,也是需要在实践中不断练就的。今天,就让我们借助帕特里克亨利的《不自由,毋宁死》一起来实践!

(如此导入有两个目的,一是让学生明白好的演讲对于我们实际生活的作用,增强其学习与实践演讲技巧的动力;二是让学生明确本节课的主要活动方式即演讲训练。)

1、介绍作者与背景

帕特里克亨利是弗吉尼亚殖民地上最成功的律师之一。

北美洲的原始居民是印第安人。从1607到1733年,英国在北美洲大西洋沿岸陆续建立了13个殖民地,采取剥削、压制的政策。18世纪中叶,北美殖民地人民同英帝国主义之间的矛盾日益加深,人民要求独立的呼声越来越高。英殖民者采用各种手段,软硬兼施,企图维护其宗主国的地位。1774年,英国颁布了诸如关闭波士顿港、增派英国驻军、取消马萨诸塞的自治权、确立英国对殖民地的司法权等法令,从政治上、军事上加紧对殖民地的控制与镇压。殖民地中的一些温和派和保守分子屈服于英国政府的压力,极力主张妥协和解。帕特里克亨利属于激进派人物,主张不惜以鲜血和生命为代价换取独立。1775年3月23日,在弗吉尼亚州议会上,眼看着妥协势力占了优势,他义无反顾,登台发表了这篇著名的演讲。

亨利的演讲极大地鼓舞了人们为争取独立而进行战斗的激情,他的演讲结束后,会场群情激愤,“拿起武器!拿起武器!”的呼喊声响彻议会大厅。这篇演说词被后人作为不朽的名篇,特别是结尾的警句“不自由,毋宁死”一直为人们所传诵。

(作者和背景知识的介绍是让学生了解作者发表演讲的大时代背景,让他们初步理解作者为什么会产生文中的观点,为何会有如此坚决、高昂的斗志,演讲最终起到了怎样的效果。这也为学生更好地把握演讲内容和情感作铺垫。)

2、针对学生的具体演讲过程,指导学生如何通过语气、语调和手势来增强演讲说服力、感染力。

a、 抓住学生演讲中代表妥协势力的观点句:我的观点是,不要战争。

b、首先请学生在讲台上用自己的方式表达这个观点。然后建议他想象自己正置身于弗吉尼亚州议会现场,作为妥协势力的代表发言,大胆、自信地把观点再表达一遍,注意语气、语调。最后拿起话筒,更有力、坚决地再次表达这一观点,调整语气、语调,使自己的发言既较好表达观点,又能赢得更多的支持力量。其他同学通过其不同的语气、语调感受不同的表达效果。示例:我的观点是(语调自然、果断,口语化,说完停顿片刻),不要战争。(字字响亮,声韵饱满。语气恳切,有力度。)

c、在语气、语调的训练中加入适当的手势。建议学生在刚才的情境中用另一只手加上一个手势动作,把观点句的语气再强化一下,不断调整手势,反复实践三次,揣摩怎样使手势的表现效果达到最佳。针对手势的不到位,进行指导:

①动作是语言的延伸和补充,该出手时再伸出手,不能过早。但也不能过晚,否则动作的意义就不大了,甚至会阻碍语言的表达。

②手势是为加强语言效果而设计的,所以手势要集中。一般是以自己的心脏为中心,以前臂长左右为半径,表示决心或否定性的就向里收,号召性的可以向外扬,手指并拢稍向内曲,也可以握拳。在表达特殊或强烈感情时可以动作幅度大一些。

③动作是为语言服务的,所以不能过多,也不要过于花哨。否则就喧宾夺主,也显得做作,要追求自然、恰当。

④请每位学生自己试着练习,体会手势在演讲的作用。

(此环节是针对学生演讲具体情况,进行语气语调和手势这些演讲技巧的指导。既有针对性,也更有效。对同一内容的语气语调和手势的不同处理带来了不同表达效果,让学生体会这些因素对于演讲的重要性,以及在实践中如何更好地使用这些技巧为自己的演讲服务。)

3、演讲文章的第四段,准确而流畅地表达出作者的观点及感情。

a、第四段比较长,为了使演讲时思路更清晰,也为了防止遗忘,指导学生对其划分层次:批驳妥协派的观点,指出强大并非指日可待;分析我们的有利条件——地利、人和与正义;战争已经无法避免,我们已别无选择。

b、学生分小组分别进行演练。四人一组,推选一位同学,组织好自由演练活动的地 点、秩序和小组交流讨论活动。每位同学都必须脱稿在小组认真演讲,由其他同学进行点评和相互指导。

c、全班展示。教师针对具体情况进行逐层指导演讲。

① 第一层:关注关键性词句与语气:“他们说……但是……是……还是……难道……”,作者用一系列反问句有力地指出放弃斗争就惟有束手就擒。让听众能客观地认清当时的现实与危急,为下文高潮部分的号召打下基础。要求学生在演讲时尽力表现出作者那份正义而焦急以及不愿受辱、受奴役的强烈感情。

②第二层:“如果……如果……此外……”,三种假设充满了作者对胜利的信心。

教学设计方案范例篇四

����

������ר���ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ç»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµä½ç¶ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½×¿ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµæ¡£ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½öµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ý½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºí´ó·½µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1�������龳������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½öµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä´ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½

����

������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡£

����

��������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ý½ï¿½

����

����1��ô¤ï°è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð´ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2�����ð±ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

�������ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ò²îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½òª×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������

����1��ê±

����

��

��1��ô¤ï°è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð´ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2�����ð±ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

�������ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ò²îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½òª×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ãµï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ó¼á¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ú²å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ºãµï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��

����1�����������뱳��

����������ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½

���������þµï¿½ô­ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1607��1733�꣬ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½13��ö³ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½18������ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ó¢ï¿½û¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ó¢ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½1774�꣬ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±õ²ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ù¸û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½×¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½è¨ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½øµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½âºï¿½ï¿½éºí±ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð­ï¿½í½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û»ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1775��3��23�õ£ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬»á³¡èºï¿½é¼¤ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½!��������!���äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì³¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½î²ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö±îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

���������ߺí±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¹ûµã£¬îªï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß°ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµæ¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����2�����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ý½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����a�� ץסñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ûµï¿½ä£ºï¿½òµä¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªõ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����b��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµã¡£è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµø°ñ¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ù±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ûµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ô¼è½ïºã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó®ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»¯ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªõ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����c���������������ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸õ²åµï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������������îªï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½û³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¾¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½

�����û¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ã¿î»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

�������ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡££ï¿½

����3���ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµäµï¿½ï¿½ä¶î£ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¹ûµã¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����a�����ä¶î±è½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ý½ï¿½ê±ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²îªï¿½ë·ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»®ï¿½ö²ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð­ï¿½éµä¹ûµã£¬ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ó²¢·ï¿½ö¸ï¿½õ¿é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£»õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½

����b��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ò»î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½äµï¿½ �㡢�����ð¡ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����c��è«ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ ��ò»ï¿½ã£ºï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ô´ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ïµï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿í¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµ±ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµäºï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¢ï¿½ï¿½å«ï¿½ûµï¿½ç¿ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

�����úµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

教学设计方案范例篇五

这篇课文写的是小学生现实生活中的一件事,想一想,你所在的学校有过这样的事吗?这篇课文的题目取得很妙,明明是乱扔的垃圾,可课文里却要叫失物,为什么要这么叫呢?这些失物的主人是谁?它们是怎样被主人认领的呢?主人又是怎样处理它们的呢?也许这些问题可以成为学习这篇课文的线索。

1.认识失、级等14个生字,会写同、工等6个字。

2.正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。

3.养成爱护环境卫生的习惯。

认识失、级等14个生字,会写同、工等6个字。

培养学生有爱护环境卫生的愿望和行动。理解这篇课文的题目取得很妙,明明是乱扔的垃圾,可课文里却要叫失物。

多媒体课件、生字卡片

1.出示课题:失物招领

学生齐读课题

2.小朋友,什么叫失物?(丢失的物品)

3.什么叫失物招领?(学生再次齐读课题)读了课题你想知道什么?

4.简单理清学生提出的问题. (这些失物的主人是谁?它们是怎样被主人认领的呢?主人又是怎样处理它们的呢?)

1.多媒体出示画面并配乐朗读课文,这些失物是什么?(小朋友丢的垃圾)

2.小朋友丢的垃圾怎么会变成失物呢?让我们一起到植物园去看看吧。

1.学生自由读:先读准字音,学习读好轻声音节;标好小节.

2.检查自学情况:.

(1)多媒体出示由带读字和生字组成的词语。(学生自由读抽个别读同桌互读)

(2)哪些读音要特别注意?

如:⒈注意读准翘舌音声母的字:失、专、准、双;后鼻音韵母的字:同、工。

(3)去掉拼音开火车读。

(4)课文共有几小节?比比谁读得正确。一人读一段,一行一行地开火车读,如果前一人读错了,后一人将此段再读一遍。

1.自由读第一自然段,这一自然段告诉我们什么?(告诉我们一年级的学生去植物园参观.)

教学生字级观( 生字同在上册已学过)

2. 齐读第一自然段.

3. 同学们在植物园里搞了哪些活动呢?抽个别读第二自然段.

(听工人爷爷介绍每一种花草树木)

教学认字围生字专重点指导书写笔顺。(教学时可让学生自主选择当小老师进行)

4.齐读(1-2)自然段

1.开火车认读生字新词。

2.口头组词:

先( ) 工( ) 去( ) 奶( )

失( ) 江( ) 专( ) 级( )

1. 写字指导:专字第三笔是竖折折,不能拆为两笔,书写时,要把竖写得向左斜一点.

自由读课文2遍

1.出示由带读字和生字组成的词语。(开火车读)

用 同 级 工扩词

2.读(1-2)自然段。

1.当同学们参观完植物园,准备回家时,唐老师说了什么话?请用----划下来(学生自由读(48)自然段)

2. 出示唐老师的话:

唐老师是用怎样的语气说的?(解释严肃)在什么情况下老师会严肃地说话?

试着用严肃的语气读唐老师的话。(自由读抽个别读教师范读-齐读)

3.小组合作学习:再读(58)自然段,边读边想边议:到底有没有同学丢失东西?失物招领中的失物本来是指什么?在本课是指的什么?

4.小组交流汇报。

(同学们确实丢失了东西,他们丢失的是随手丢在草地上的垃圾。)并随机进行朗读指导。

5.小组再次合作学习:它们是怎样被主人认领的呢?主人又是怎样处理它们的呢?

7.小组交流汇报:

(他们一个个跑到唐老师面前,领回了自己的失物,向不远处的果皮箱走去。)

6.唐老师和张爷爷互相望望为什么会发出了会心的微笑?会心是什么意思?想一想当时唐老师和张爷爷会怎么想,又会怎么说?

7. 自由读38自然段。练习读得流利、有感情,注意体会轻声的读法。

8.分小组读38自然段.

1.教学生字才、队 认字准、备、请、双 各

2.写字指导。队字的指导应把重点放在双耳旁的写法上,要强调耳朵高而小,以便给右边人字的撇留出空来;

找失物。找一找在自己的校园内或住家附近有没有失物,如果有,就将他们扔到果皮箱里。

1.认读生字卡片。

2.听写词语。

3.出示课后读读比比

(1) 读一组,比一组。读,积累词汇;比,区分每一组字。

(2) 可先让学生在小组内读读比比,再在全班读读比比。最好能借助课件或卡片,帮助学生找出每组字的不同之处。

(3) 再进行口头组词.

4.用准备进行口头造句

1.朗读全文,边读边想这篇课文写了一件什么事,回家后将这件事说给家人或朋友听。

2.说说你在平时生活中有没有这样的事?如果有今后应该怎样做?

3.再读课题,解释课题.

4.汇报交流上节课的实践作业,进行口语交际训练。

保护环境,要从身边做起,要从小事做起,学了这篇课文你今后打算怎样做?

12失物招领

失物→同学丢在草地上的垃圾

教学设计方案范例篇六

����

������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿è¡ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´òªï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï£¬îªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½îªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1.��ê¶ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½14�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6���ö¡ï¿½

����2.��è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����3.���é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

����

������ê¶ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½14�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6���ö¡ï¿½

����

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿è¡ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���������óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´òªï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¡£

����

������ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½æ¬

����

����

����

����1����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½:ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¿(ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)���ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?

����4��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. (��ð©ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½)

����

����1����ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?(ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ô°è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����

����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½.

����2�������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½:.

������1����ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2����ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø±ï¿½×¢ï¿½â£¿

�����磺��ע���׼��������ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3��è¥ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������4�����ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ðµø¿ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ò»ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡£

����

����1�����é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½,��ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?(��������ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ö²ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½î¹ï¿½.)

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½( ����í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½)

����2�� �����ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½.

����3�� í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½?�������ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½.

����(������ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾)

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½øµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½(��ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����4.�����1-2����è»ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1�������ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ê¡ï¿½

����2����í·ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½

������( ) ��( ) è¥( ) ��( )

����ê§( ) ��( ) ר( ) ��( )

����1�� ð´ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ò»ï¿½ï¿½.

����

�������é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��

����

����

����1����ê¾ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ í¬ ï¿½ï¿½ ������

����2������1-2����è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����

����1����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç²î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ô°,׼���ø¼ï¿½ê±,����ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½?����----��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½48����è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

����2�� ��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½?(��������)��ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½?

�������������������������ê¦ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(���é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½-���)

����3��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½(58)��è»ï¿½ï¿½,�߶�������飺������ã»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ê§ï¿½ï±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����4��ð¡ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½

����(í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è·êµï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���ç¶ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ú²ýµï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)����������ê¶ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����5��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����7��ð¡ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½

����(����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½)

����6������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½á·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ëµ±ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½

����7�� ���é¶ï¿½38��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½é£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����8����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½38��è»ï¿½ï¿½.

����

����1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡¢ë« ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ð´ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½òªç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

������ê§ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ú»ï¿½×¡ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����

����

����1���ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½

����2����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����3����ê¾ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½

����(1) ��ò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û´ê»ã£»ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����(2) ������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä²ï¿½í¬ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(3) �ù½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

����4����׼�����ð¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1���ê¶ï¿½è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ø¼òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����ð½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����3���ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

����4���㱨�����ï½ú¿îµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ,���ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

��������������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����12ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ýµï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

教学设计方案范例篇七

基础教育课程改革是实施素质教育的核心环节,更新教学观念是这次教育改革的重中之重,我校的对学生进行多元智能培养的理论可以说是走在了新课程改革之前,走入了我们的课堂,它似一股新鲜的活力与新课改相融合,将课改的精髓与目标贯彻落实到教学的每一个步骤。我也将其渗透到我的教育教学过程当中,以备更好的完成新课程改革赋予教师的职责。

我的基本教学观念:人类个体的智能结构是多元的,每个个体身上都至少存在着语言智能、数理逻辑智能、人际交往智能、自我认识智能、身体运动智能、音乐智能等七八项智能,当今社会是个多元化的信息社会,它要求每个人多项智能的全面发展及个性、才能的充分展示。所以在传授知识的同时更加注重学生各项智能的发展,立足于提高学生的智能。在教学设计中确保给学生提供多样化和个别化的学习机会和学习途径,强调智能的情境性,营造丰富的有利于儿童与他人、与环境交互作用的学习环境。这样可以:

1、学生成为自己主动学习的老师;

2、使得学校与现实生活联系起来;

3、有助于培养学生的学术专长和个人特长;

4、有助于培养学生的人际交往能力和处世能力。

1、完成对知识的掌握理解:

⑴ 正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,联系上下文,读懂文中的语句。

⑵ 了解课文的主要内容,体会小男孩对高尔基的崇敬热爱、高尔基对小男孩无比慈爱、关怀备至的感情。

2、多元智能的能力培养:

⑴ 让学生主动学习,做好充分的预习。

⑵ 让学生全面参与,创设身体运动与人际交往智能的培养情境。

20**年10月8日。

安达小学。

三年四班。

角色演读,体会感情。

巧设疑问,升华感情。

课外延伸,想想续写。

课下预习,仔细研读,认真排演。

1、巩固词语:

纸团 墙报 鞠躬 打量 吩咐 摆弄 胶卷 秘书 杂志社 转告

2、用上以上词语来说说课文的主要内容。

1、以小组为单位,组长为导演,安排组员分角色朗读、表演课文第1~11自然段的内容。

提醒:以课文内容为剧本,找出描写动作、神态的重点词语,边做动作边朗读。

2、教师分组巡视、指导朗读、表演。

3、挑选一组学生上台表演,根据表演情况,相机指导理解几处重点语句。

⑴ 点评学生表演的动作。相机理解鞠躬、打量、摆弄相机、赶紧站等词语。

⑵ 从小男孩咧嘴笑了到大哭起来,说说你表演时体会到小男孩当时的心情是怎样的?引导学生从中感受到小男孩对高尔基的崇敬热爱之情。

⑶ 抓住高尔基的反应,尤其是吩咐二字,展开讨论,体会到他对下一代的宽厚慈爱和关怀。

⑷ 引读第10自然段,注意高尔基的神态动作,指导读好句子:孩子,回来!我给你胶卷,我这儿有很多胶卷。让学生反复朗读好这句话,从中感受到高尔基多么想留住小男孩,帮助孩子拍成这张照片,实现他美好的愿望。

4、练习分角色有感情朗读课文,读出对话的不同语气。

1、提问:小男孩会回来吗?

2、让学生发表自己的看法,要求联系全文,在课文中找出自己的依据。

3、高尔基希望孩子来吗?指导朗读最后一句话,抓住不过、一定等词表示的前后态度上的转变,再次深切感受他对少年儿童的关怀和深深的爱。

小男孩匆匆赶往高尔基的办公室,再次见面时他们会说写什么?做些什么呢?请你展开想想,接着往下编写这个故事,同学间相互交流。

本节课的教学充分体现了多元化智能培养与新课程改革的融合与目标的落实,教学步骤的第一环节复习导入,说话练习,使学生的语言智能与思维得到进一步的协调发展。角色演读,体会感情更是让学生个性体验、理解以外在的形式表现出来,一可以深层次的理解课文的内容与某些关键的词语;另外在各小组的排演过程中相互之间的评价,对角色表演的切磋,可以使学生人际间的交往进一步加强,也可凸现某些表现力强的同学的表演能力。课堂还给学生但老师的主导作用也没有忽视巧设疑问,升华感情,老师的巧设悬疑,又将学生的思维进一步收拢,并进一步将思想感情升华到一个层次上来,使课堂环节,环环相扣,螺旋向上。在融洽和谐的气氛中做到了知情意的高度统一,也将新课程的教学理念融会贯穿于教学始终。

教学设计方案范例篇八

�������������î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸äµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½á³¹ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì¸ä¸ï¸³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½

�����òµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¹¹ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ôªï¿½ä£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ß°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½è«ï¿½æ·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµä³ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ð»¯µï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ô£ï¿½óªï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ë»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����������é¶ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º

������ ��è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

������ �ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ô¸ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ç¾´ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½þ±è´è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����������ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ ��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½öµï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½

������ ��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½

��������**�꣱���â£ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½

��������ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½

���������ä°à¡£

������é«ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

�����������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

�����������죬������ð´ï¿½ï¿½

��������ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

�����������ì´ï¿½ï¿½ï£º

����ö½ï¿½ï¿½ ç½ï¿½ï¿½ �ï¹ï¿½ ���� �ô¸ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½åª ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���� ��ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ ת��

���������������ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

����������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³¤îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½äµú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

�������ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ç±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

����������ñ¡ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

������ ����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������ ��ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ô¸ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ç¾´ï¿½è°ï¿½ö®ï¿½é¡£

������ ץס�߶����ä·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½í¹ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ �����ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ã½ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶à½ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ï°ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ê£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµè«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

���������߶���ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ê±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½×ªï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ä¹ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ò´ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ì¹«ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ù´î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ëµð´ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â±ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ð©ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ð´è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ê¼ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ä³ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ã»ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¢ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ß¶ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ìµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½á´©ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ê¼ï¿½õ¡ï¿½

教学设计方案范例篇九

江苏教育出版社义务教育课程标准实验教科书,语文一年级上册,课文2《升国旗》

1.知识技能目标:

(1)复习巩固汉语拼音,由拼音认汉字;

(2)学会本课9个生字:升、国、我、们、中、起、立、正、向;“绿色通道”(两条绿线)内的4个字:旗、您、敬、礼,只识不写;理解生字组成的词语;

(3)认识1种笔画:斜钩

2.过程方法目标:

(1)通过拼读音节,认识汉字;

通过书空、描红、临写等方式分析汉字笔画、笔顺等方法,掌握生字;

(2)通过播放国歌,让生再切身感受五星红旗是怎样升起,感受升国旗、放国歌时庄严肃穆的气氛,激发热爱祖国的情感;

(3)通过多媒体的演示,让生看到一个鲜活的生动的升旗仪式,明确今后在每周一升旗时应如何做;

(4)课中操时,唱歌曲《国旗国旗真美丽》,寓乐于教,并再次激发热爱国旗、祖国的感情;

(5)在教学过程中,多采用设置情境,在情境中读文、读句,体会感情及启发教学等方式方法。

3.情感态度目标:

(1)在热爱祖国的情感的支配下,能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文和背诵课文;

(2)知道五星红旗是我国的国旗,知道国旗的象征意义;

(3)喜爱我们的国旗,对它有无比的崇敬感,对祖国是无比的热爱,产生强烈的热爱祖国的思想感情;

1.9个生字:升、国、我、们、中、起、立、正、向,掌握正确的笔画笔顺;

2.流利、有感情的朗读课文和背诵课文;

1.准9个生字的字音;以正确的写字姿势,执笔、运用方法正确、规范地书写;认清笔画笔顺,理解字义;

2.正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文和背诵课文;

3.从学校生活的一个

本课是首诗,三句六行,押韵上口,好读易背。第一句是说我国的国旗是五星红旗;第二句是说在升国旗时要奏国歌;第三句是说在升国旗时,我们要肃立、敬礼,这是因为国旗代表着我们的国家。课文持的田字格中是本课要学习的9个生字。练习的第1题要求朗读、背诵课文,第2题是本课生字的笔画笔顺,重点突出,操作程序具体。文中图画的内容是校园里升国旗时的情景。

多媒体课件

课文新授课

2课时

一.导入新课:

1.启发提问:老师有个问题想问问大家,看谁最聪明,能立刻回答出来。在学校里,每个星期一的早上,我们都要做什么?(升国旗)我们在哪里升国旗?(我们在学校的操场上升国旗)在升国旗的时候,你能听到什么歌?(升国旗的时候我听到了国歌)升国旗、奏国歌的时候我们应该怎样做?(出示课文情景图,让生观察说出:升国旗、奏国歌的时候要全体立正,身体站直,不讲话、不乱动,少先队员要向国旗敬礼)

2.出示课题:同学们说得都很好,今天我们就将学习课文第2课《升国旗》

(1)多媒体闪动出示课题,同是板书课题2.升国旗

(2)指名学生拼读课题;

(3)指名学生带读课题;

3.教师讲解:

(师讲的同时,多媒休出示天安门广场升旗仪式)

二.初读课文:

1.这是一首非常优美、简洁的小诗,请同学们看屏幕(多媒体在背景图上出示课文,师配乐范读,生看图)

2.学生初读课文(要求:选一种子自己喜欢的方式:可以大声朗育,可以轻声读,可以不出声的默读,可以同桌两人一起读;要先读拼音,再看拼音下的字,遇到难读的字多读几遍,读完后请做好。

(媒体出示:五星红旗升起立正敬礼)

(1)指名生认读;

(2)指名生判断正确与否并指正;

3.:仍用自己喜欢的方式,注意读准刚出示的几个字词;

4.生分析课文组成:这首诗一共几句?(这首诗一共三句话)

指名三位同学分别朗读三句话。

三.分析课文:

1.学习第一句:

(1)示课文第一句话:五星红旗,我们的国旗.

(重音让学生自己读一读,告诉大家:我们的国旗是什么旗?(我们国旗是五星红旗)

(2)指名生读句,并比一比谁读得好,同时师指导提醒:men是轻声,没有声调!

(3)让生自己描述:五星红旗又是什么样?五星红旗是一面大红色的旗,上面有五颗金黄色的星星)你知道一颗大星和四颗小星分别代表什么吗?(一颗大星代表中国共产党,四颗小星代表全国各族人民。)

(4)(多媒体出示五星红旗)师进一步介绍:这就是我们的国旗

(5)进一步指导生理解句子:五星红旗代表什么(五星红旗是我们的国旗,代表我们的国家)有谁知道我们国家的全称是什么(我们国家的全称是中华人民共和国)那么五星红旗是(中华人民共和国的旗帜)。

(6)体会感情:五星红旗既然代表的是我们的国家,那它伟大不伟大?(伟大)那人对它是一种什么样的感情呢?(热爱它,感到很自豪)那人色彩用这样热爱的自豪的感情读读这句话吗?

①指名学生读,比一比谁读得更好;

②全班齐读。

2.学习第2句:

(1)引出国歌:升国旗的时候,我们不单单只是把国旗高高升起,还要播放什么?(播放国歌);

(2)让生回想前面小朋友们说过了,升国旗、奏国歌时应该怎样做?(站在整齐的队伍当中,站直、立正)下面我想检查一下同学们是否做到了,全体起立,准备:升国旗、奏国歌(多媒体演示升旗过程,同时播放《国歌》);

(3)提问:在国歌声中,五星红旗是怎样升起来的?(在国歌声中,五星红旗高高升起);

(4)多媒体出示第二句:国歌声中,高高升起(重音“高高”下打点);

(5)指名生读;

(6)体会句子感情:小朋友们看,五星红旗升得多高啊!飘扬在祖国的蓝天上。多么让人激动啊!

①分男、女生读;

②分大组齐读前句。

3.学习第三句:

(1)刚才升国旗时节,我们的小朋友们都做得很不错,我们再来看看书上的小朋友们是怎样做的?

(多媒体再次出示情景图及第3句话:我们立正,向您敬礼。(重音“立正”“敬礼”下打点。)

(2)指各生读句子。

(3)(多媒体将“您”彩色变幻显示)“您”指的是什么?(“您”指的是国旗)

(多媒休出示:我们立正,向您敬礼。我们立正,向你敬礼。)

让生比较哪一句好一些(第一句好一些)为什么用“您”,不用“你”(因为用“您”表示对国旗的尊敬)。

师:那么你们见到今天坐在教室里的老师,你打算怎样问好呢?(老师,您好!)

(4)进一步体会句子感情:为什么要向国旗立正、敬礼呢?

(表示小朋友尊敬国旗,热爱祖国)你们热爱祖国吗?(热爱)那我请小朋友读一读这句话,看看谁充满了热爱祖国的感情。

①指名生读;

②指名几排小朋友读。(指导:读这句话时,也应该立正)

四.师带领学生总结、引读全文:

学习了今天的课文,我们知道,五星红旗是(我们的国旗),在国歌声中,(高高升起),升国旗时,我们要(立正,向您敬礼)

五.课中操:

(多媒体出示图片:国旗国旗真美丽,同时放歌曲《国旗国旗真美丽》)学生随音乐伴奏齐唱《国旗国旗真美丽》

六.再读并试背课文:

(多媒体再出示课文情景图及课文内容)

1.师带学生配乐齐读全文;

2.引背:

①什么旗帜是我们的国旗?

②五星红旗是怎样升起的?

③升国旗时我们应当怎样?

3.指名生试背诵(自己喜欢哪一句或自己记住了哪一句就背哪一句)

4.师带生边背诵边表演(会背的同学站起来和老师一起边背边表演,不会的同学请继续看书)

5.全班同学边背边表演。

七.学习生字词:

1.同学们背得可真好,表演得也很好,可是我们还有几个生字不太熟呢!你们想认识这几个顽皮的小家伙吗?

2.抽读生字卡片;请学生上台抽读生字,口头组词并带读;

3.多媒体出示生字:中、升,一个一个出示其笔画笔顺;

4.指导学生书上描红;

5.指导学生在练习册上描红、临写。

6.师范写:并讲明在田字格中位置:

①中:中的口中是扁扁的,它的第二横,写在横中线线上,竖则写在竖中线上.

②升:第一撇是一个短撇,第二撇是一个竖撇,写在竖中线右面,一撇在横中线稍上方。

八.布置作业;

1.喜欢读课文的同学正确、流利、有感情地把课文背诵给你的爸爸、妈妈听;

2.喜欢画画的同学,可以画一幅“升国旗”的图画,或者简单一点儿把我们的国旗——五星红旗画下来。

教学设计方案范例篇十

����

�������õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï²á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2�������졷

����

����1.öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£º

������1����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

������2��ñ§ï¿½á±¾ï¿½ï¿½9�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£»¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½4���ö£ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£»

������3����ê¶1�ö±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½

����2.���ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£º

������1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½è·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

������2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±×¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½

������3��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������4�����ð²ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é£»

������5���ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½è·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3.���ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£º

������1�����è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºí±ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������2��öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£»

������3��ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±èµä³ç¾´ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±èµï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£»

����

����1.9�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½

����2.�������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºí±ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����

����1.×¼9�����öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ö´ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£»

����2.��è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºí±ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����3.��ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½

����

������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ú£ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½×±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ì£»ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½9�����ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½äµï¿½1��òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2���ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½

����

������ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½

����

�����������ú¿ï¿½

����

����2��ê±

����

����ò».�����â¿ï¿½:

����1.��������:��ê¦ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê´ï¿½ï¿½,��ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�����ì»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï£¬ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½(�����죩���������������죿��������ñ§ð£ï¿½ä²ù³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½,��������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½?(�������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)�����졢������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªè«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ô±òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾´ï¿½ï¿½

����2.��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½:í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½üºï¿½,�������ç¾í½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½2�î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡·

������1����ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬í¬ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2.������

������2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»

������3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»

����3.��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ý³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ì°²ï¿½å¹ã³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½

������.�������ä£ï¿½

����1.����ò»ï¿½×·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½

����2.ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½è¶ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¿ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����(ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3.�������ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½õ³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½

����4.������������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½

������.��������:

����1.ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½:

������1��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°:���çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

����(������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½,���ߴ��:���çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½?(���ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

������2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºã£ï¿½í¬ê±ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½men��������ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3�������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ç·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ò»ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡££ï¿½

������4������ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ì£©ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������5����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹²ºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹²ºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������6�������飺���çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ó£¿£ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½

������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

������è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2.ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½2�䣺

������1���������裺�������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ç°ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬»ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½è£©ï¿½ï¿½

������2����������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½éµ±ï¿½ð£ï¿½õ¾ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£¨ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£©£ï¿½

������4����ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ß¡ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ã£©ï¿½ï¿½

������5��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������6�������ó¸ï¿½ï¿½é£ºð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ß°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ù·ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ú·ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ä¡£

����3.ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£º

������1���õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

��������ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½é¾°í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3�仰�������������������ñ¡££ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½

������2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

������3������ã½ï¿½å½«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£©

��������ã½ï¿½ý³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾´ï¿½ñ¡££ï¿½

���������è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾´£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������4����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½é£ºîªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

��������ê¾ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾´¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������.ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����ñ§ï°ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£©£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������.���ð²ù£ï¿½

��������ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������.�ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

��������ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½

����1.ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½;

����2.����:

������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£¿

���������çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä£©

����4.ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ð±ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(�ᱳ��í¬ñ§õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����5.è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

������.ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½:

����1.í¬ñ§ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���ýµï¿½ò²ï¿½üºï¿½,�������ç»ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½!��������ê¶ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����2.������ö¿ï¿½æ¬;��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,��í·ï¿½ï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;

����3.��ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½:�ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½

����4.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;

����5.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½

����6.ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð´:�����������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½:

��������:�ðµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���äµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,ð´ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

��������:��ò»æ²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²,�ú¶ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ò»æ²ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������.������òµ;

����1.ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ö°ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2.ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡±ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ì»­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

教学设计方案范例篇十一

北师大版二年级数学上册第66—67页的内容。

:在实际情境中,让孩子建立一分钟和一秒钟的概念,知道1分=60秒,体会分与秒的关系。

:通过实践活动,让学生亲身体验1分钟的长短,并感受时间的意义培养学生的估测能力、及学生的动手、动口、动脑的能力和合作精神。

:让学生充分感受生活中生活和数学的密切联系。教育学生从小养成遵守和爱惜时间的好习惯

: 建立一分钟的概念。

: 对一分钟的感知

:学具袋、、秒表、篮球、跳绳。

师:同学们,我们放松一下唱首歌曲《时间像小马车》

师:刚才我们唱首歌曲用了一分钟,那一分钟还能干什么呢?今天我们来看看一分钟能干什么。

板书:一分能干什么

师:首先我们来认识钟面上的指针,前几节课我们学习时针和分针,那钟面上还有一根指针很特别,他叫什么名字呢?有什么特点?

师:秒针走一小格是一秒,一秒到底有多长,ppt看大屏幕看两遍

师:你可以用动作或声音来表示吗?

师:你真是个爱动脑筋的孩子!

师:我们知道了秒针走一小格是一秒,也通过这么多方法我们记住了一秒。

师:秒针如果走一圈,是多少秒呢? 生齐说:60秒

师:你们是怎么知道的?

师:秒针走一小格是一秒,秒针走60个小格就是60秒,那么当秒针走一圈时,分针又走多远呢?

师:是啊!秒针走一圈的同时,分针走一小格是一分钟ppt,那你觉得他们俩是什么关系?(板书1分=60秒)

我们知道1分=60秒,看来一分钟真的很短暂,

师:那大家来猜猜一分钟究竟能干什么呢?

师:老师位同学们准备了10钟不同的活动体验一分钟,现在我们体验一分钟到底能做什么呢?能做多少

师:谁再来说一说,你都做了什么?

师:同桌互相说说你一分钟做了多少?

师:太了不起了,一分钟做了这么多事请,看来我们要珍惜每一分钟,做更多的事

实际上一分钟除了能做这些事以外,在我们生活的各个领域里还能做很多的事,发生很多的事(ppt)

师:看到这些你想说点什么?

师:是啊,一分钟能做很多的事,也会发生但很多的事,所以我们要把握现在,珍惜生命中的每一分钟啊!

师:刚才我们一直是在钟表的帮助下来认识一分钟。可是如果没有钟表,你能用什么方法来估计一分钟有多长呢?老师请小组的同学互相说说,我们比一比哪个小组想出的办法最多。(小组合作,师到小组中参与合作)

师:都找到好办法了吗?哪个小组先把他们的好办法和大家交流一下?

师:看来大家都找到好办法了,老师要看看你们的方法灵不灵。现在老师要播放音乐,请你用自己喜欢的方法估计老师是不提醒的,听明白了吗?预备——开始!

师:我们学习了这么久,大家放松一下,老师请大家听一首歌,不过可是有要求的:请你用最喜欢的方法估一估这首歌大约多长时间。准备好了吗?开始!(播放音乐)

师:想好了吗?这首歌大约用了几分钟?

师:估计得很准确,我来考考大家!

72秒=( )分( )秒 你是怎样算的

师:当秒数超过60时,就可以把60秒变成1分钟,再把多出的秒数写在后面就可以了,所以72秒就可以等于1分12秒。85秒=()分()秒 100秒=()分()秒

120秒=()分()秒

巩固练习

师:分和秒是我们常用的时间单位,下面是小明写的一篇日记,请同学们看一看他写得怎么样?改一改

师:想必大家累了老师播放一分钟动画片,但是要闭上眼睛仅仅等待一分钟,等老师说好了,再睁开眼睛,能做到吗?

师:好了,同学们看得意犹未尽,那么你们觉得,等老师弄和看动画片同样是一分钟说说你有什么样的感觉?

师:同样是一分,如果做自己喜欢的事就会觉得很短暂,做自己不喜欢的事就会觉得很漫长。

师:这节课上到这儿已经过了将近40个1分钟,这40个1分钟,你觉得是短暂的还是漫长的呢?为什么?

师:珍惜每1分钟有时会让你得到意想不到的收获,这节课你有什么收获?在今后的日子里,希望你们能珍惜我们生命中的每一分!让我们共同来读一句有关珍惜时间的话来共勉吧:

一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴!

最后在《时间像小马车》的音乐声中结束今天这节课!

板书设计:

一分钟能干什么

1分=60秒

教学设计方案范例篇十二

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½66��67ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

������

��������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä¸ï¿½ï¿½î£¬öªï¿½ï¿½1��=60�룬��������ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½

������í¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1���óµä³ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºí°ï¿½ï§ê±ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½

����: ����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä¸ï¿½ï¿½î¡£

����: ��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä¸ï¿½öª

������ñ§ï¿½ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�������飺ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ê²ã´

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ë£¬ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê±ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½øµã£¿

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ò»ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶à³¤ï¿½ï¿½ppt������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ò²í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½à·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡£

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ ����ëµï¿½ï¿½60��

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½60��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½60�룬��ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»è¦ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»è¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ppt�����������������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��=60�룩

��������öªï¿½ï¿½1��=60�룬����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½10�ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï§ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ppt��

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ò²ï¿½á·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶à³¤ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ã°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµäºã°ì·¨ï¿½í´ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ã°ì·¨ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¸è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½à³¤ê±ï¿½ä¡£×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµãºï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½

���������룽�� ���ö£ï¿½ ���� �����������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½60ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½60����1���ó£ï¿½ï¿½ù°ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½72��í¿ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��12�롣�����룽�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �������룽�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������룽�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ï°

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½õ¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦åªï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½40��1���ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½40��1���ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ýµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ã¿1������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ú¡ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½

����������æ£ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ê²ã´

����1��=60��

教学设计方案范例篇十三

人教版八年级语文(上.下)课本第五第六单元都是文言文单元,《马说》是人教版八年级语文(下)第五单元的第二篇课文.该文是唐代大文学家韩愈于大约贞元十一年至十六年间作的。其时,作者出登仕途.,很不得意,心情郁郁,所以有伯乐不常有之叹.本文正是以良马喻英雄,谓英雄豪杰只有遇到伯乐,才可发挥才干,否则很可能遭埋没,极写知遇之难,寓意委曲深致,文气矫健挺拔,有尺幅千里之势。全文寄托了作者的愤懑不平和穷困潦倒之感,并对统治者摧残人才进行了讽刺和控诉。

八年级第二学期的学生在课堂上已经学习了二十几篇的文言文,而且课外也接触了不少文言文。所以他们已有了一定的文言文语感,而且也积累了一些文言文常用词语的用法.这篇短文可读性强,文字也不算很深,学生理解大意应该不难。但是他们毕竟才是初二的学生,以他们现阶段的生活阅历和接受能力,难以完全理解文中韩愈所要表达的感情.基于此种情况,本堂可课以朗读为主,让学生能够熟练的背诵课文,这才能让学生真正受益,而对于内容则点到为止,不作过深的讲解.

1. 能够当堂背诵课文.

2. 感受作者在文中所要表达的感情.

3. 掌握几个文言实词.虚词的用法.

由《神雕侠侣》中杨过遇小黄马的经历导入 。

小黄马是一匹千里马,而杨过则象是我们传说中的伯乐。小黄马在遇到杨过之前,最多也只不过给奴隶他的人运运柴火,还要遭羞辱;遇到杨过之后,本是一匹干蹩的瘦马变成了一匹日行前里的宝马。今天我们来学习韩愈的《马说》,它将告诉我们伯乐对于千里马是多么的重要。

祗(zh?) 骈(p?an) 一石(da) 食(sì)马者 其真无马邪(yé)

1.听课文录音,注意节奏和重音。

2.领读,由教师带领全班学生一句一句的读。

3.学生对照课文注释小声读。

4.学生在看完注释后大声朗读两遍。

5.男女同学各一名代表朗读,要求读得通顺,语音正确,不读破句。

6.针对学生朗读情况,学生自评,教师适当点拨。

7.学生齐读。

1.教师出示讨论题,学生分组选择题目讨论。

(1) 文章一开头,作者是如何阐述伯乐和千里马的关系的

(2) 没有遇见伯乐,千里马的命运会怎样?

(3) 千里马的才能为何被埋没?其根本原因是什么?

(4) 作者是如何描述千里马因肚饥而无法发挥才能的痛苦的?

(5) 作者是如何痛斥食马者的不知马的?

(6) 文中的哪句话点明了中心?

(要求:在没有翻译的情况下用原句回答)

讨论明确: ①,世有伯乐,然后有千里马,千里马常有,而伯乐不常有。

②,只辱于奴隶之手。骈死于槽枥之间,不以千里称也。

③,食不饱,力不足,才美不外现,食马者不知其能千里而食之。

④,且欲与常马不可得,安求其能千里也。

⑤,策之不以其道,食之不能尽其材,鸣之不能通其意。

⑥,其真不知马也。

2.翻译课文

这篇短文文字不深,不须逐字逐句的翻译,让学生在前面对照注释的基础上,提出自己不理解的字,大家共同讨论。

教师指出几个常用的实词、虚词的意义或用法。

名词 鞭子 代词 代词 sì 动词 通饲喂

策 其 之 助词 食

作动词 鞭打 语气词 动词 shí 名词 食物

3.在此基础上朗读课文,要求读得流畅,语气、重音、停顿和速度得当。

(1) 同桌间互相听读

(2) 男女生比赛朗读

(3) 全班齐读

1 教师介绍作者及写作背景

2 作者所说的食马者 伯乐千里马仅仅是指传说中的人和物吗?

在了解写作背景的基础上,学生不难理解:

食马者比喻不能识别人才的封建统治者

伯乐比喻善于识别人才的封建统治者

千里马比喻人才

3 全文寄托着作者怎样的情感? (怀才不遇,愤懑不平)

4 揭示托物寓意的写法。

5 学生读课文,要求读出文章的意味和情趣,铿锵悦耳,声情并茂

6 要求学生背诵课文

讨论:当今社会需要什么样的人才?怎样才能做到多出人才,人尽其才?

背诵课文并给韩愈写一封信,抚慰他怀才不遇,愤懑难平的心情.

我以为本堂课的教学设计亮点有三:

1.导入 新颖.<<神雕侠侣>>无论是小说还是电视这个年龄段的学生都非常爱看,以之导入 更能激起学生的学习兴趣.

2.朗读的形式多种多样:范读、领读、大声读、小声读、男生读、女生读、个人读、齐读,多种形式反复诵读,让更多的学生得到训练,也使更多的学生能够当堂成颂。像《马说》这样的.经典名篇能够背诵,从长远观点看,这是最使学生受益的。其三就是对讨论的问题没有要求每个人都必须讨论,而是个人可以根据自己的能力、兴趣作出选择,这样能使每一位同学都参与到课堂上来,成为课堂的主角。

教学设计方案范例篇十四

����

���� ��öªï¿½ï¿½

����öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������ð£ï¿½

����1��ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����2������è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ù¡ï¿½

������îªï¿½ï¿½

������è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½

����

���� �ì²ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ý¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¹æ¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¡ï¿½

������������ç°ò»ï¿½îµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ì»ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

��������ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²¢ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬¼ò³ï¿½ï¿½í½ì»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ø½ì¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½å»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å¼°ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

�������î·ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����

�������î½ï¿½ñ§ó¦×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£

����1��ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²¢ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ðµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾­ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïº¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼òµ¥µø½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ú»ï¿½ëµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½î¸ß£ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºã±ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ñ§òªï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��òªê¹ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¾ï¿½ï¿½å»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½å»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½å»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����3����ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºãµä±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½òªê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¡°ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±£ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ëµò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±£ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ê±ó¦ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ë¼ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����

���� ���ä¿ï¿½ ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º

����1��öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����2��ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����3������è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ù¡ï¿½

����4����è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡°ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµè¡ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã£º

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������ñ§×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1���å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ ����

����2��ð¡ï¿½ç»°ä£ï¿½í¡ï¿½

����3��ð¡ï¿½ì»¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½

����1������ë­ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½

�������飺��ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾í»ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

��������ñ§ï°ï¿½â¿ï¿½

����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¼ò»ï¿½ï¿½

������1��������ð¡ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½à½²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������飺���

������2���ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½

���������ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä»ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½

������1����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ëµ

������2���è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½

�������飺��

����������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½òªëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

������3���ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½í±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����3��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ëµí¼ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½îªê²ã´òªëµï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������飺ð»ð»

������2����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½

�������飺����� ����ð»

������3���ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä¡°ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

����4��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������1����ò»ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������2���������ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½

�������飺�ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½

������3��������ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½

����5��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¼ï¿½å£©

������1����ñ§ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ð£ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�������飺�ù¼ï¿½

������2��������ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºòªï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ë·ö±ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½

����6��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¸õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

�����������ç·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ì»¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ì»¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµï¿½ä£ï¿½

�������飺������

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä³æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ë­ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡­ï¿½ï¿½

����7��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����������ò»ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��ëµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿

����2������î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ì»¨ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1���îºó¡°±ï¿½ò»ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½

������1�����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2�����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±£ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3��ð¡ï¿½á£ºëµï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡±µä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²å»ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£

�������飺�������ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2�����������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������1��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2��ð¡ï¿½æ°ñ±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������4������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ì»¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

�������������ë¼æ·ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����塢��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ëµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ç»°ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ç»°ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾íºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²åµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������飺ñ§ï¿½ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½

����1����ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3���ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£

�������飺�����మ ������å¯

�����ߡ��ü½ï¿½

����ï£ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

������â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ ���ø£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ªï¿½ï¿½

�������飺

������ ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������

�����������ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½

���������మ ������å¯

教学设计方案范例篇十五

����

�����ë½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(��.��)�î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôª,����ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(��)���嵥ôªï¿½äµú¶ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.�������æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ôªê®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±,���߳�����í¾.,�ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,��������,�����ð²ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ì¾.����������������ó¢ï¿½ï¿½,î½ó¢ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�å¿é·ï¿½ï¿½ó²å¸ï¿½,����ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»,��ð´öªï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½,ô¢ï¿½ï¿½î¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�����ã½ï¿½í¦ï¿½ï¿½,�ð³ß·ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½æ¡ï¿½è«ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½,����í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ý²ï¿½ï¿½ë²å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ìºí¿ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

����

�������꼶�ú¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,����ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½.��æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿,����ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½,�������ö½×¶îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,������è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.���ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���ã¿é¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½,��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,������������㵽îªö¹,��������ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

����

����1. �ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

����2. ����������������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

����3. ���õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½.��êµï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½.

����

����

�����é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��

����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æ¥ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ëµï¿½ðµä²ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ð£¬»ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ó£¬±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æ¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æ¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½

����

������zh?�� �飨p?an�� ò»ê¯ï¿½ï¿½da�� ê³ï¿½ï¿½s�������� ��������ð°ï¿½ï¿½y����

����

����1��������â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��������é½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½íºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����5����å®í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ä¡£

����6�����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½

����7��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½

������1�� ����ò»ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½

������2�� ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3�� ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������4�� �������������ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������5�� ���������í´ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������6�� ���ðµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½

����������è·ï¿½ï¿½ �ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

�����ú£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å«ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½

�����û£ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ö®ï¿½ï¿½

�����ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½

�����ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

�����þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²»öªï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½

����2���������

������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½íµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½

������ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½êµï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������� ���� ���� ���� s�� ���� í¨ï¿½ï¿½î¹

������ �� ö® ���� ê³

���������� �þ´ï¿½ ������ ���� sh�� ���� ê³ï¿½ï¿½

����3���ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ùºï¿½ï¿½ù¶èµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1�� í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2�� ��å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½

������3�� è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1 ��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2 ������ëµï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ë½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º

����ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²åµä·â½¨í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²åµä·â½¨í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½

����3 è«ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ �����å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½

����4 ��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����5 ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²¢ã¯

����6 òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

�������û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²å£ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½

����

�������ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,��î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,������æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.

����

��������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½:

����1.���� ��ó±.<<�������>>������ð¡ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,��ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤.

����2.�ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.������æªï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ûµã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ã¿ò»î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

教学设计方案范例篇十六

认知:

知道日常生活中常用的礼貌用语。

情感:

1.愿意学习并使用礼貌用语。

2.以正确使用礼貌用语为荣。

行为:

正确使用日常生活中的礼貌用语:“请”、“您”、“你好”、“谢谢”(别客气)、“对不起”(没关系)等。

教材分析

本课是根据课程标准“文明礼貌”德目中的有关规定设置的。

本课是在前一课的基础上,具体进行学习礼貌用语的教育,使学生知道日常生活中礼貌用语的含义,教会学生正确使用,培养学生从小使用礼貌用语的好习惯。

一个国家的人们能否正确使用礼貌用语,在一定意义上标志着这个国家的文明程度,反映这个民族的精神面貌。对个人来说,表明一个人是否有文明教养,反映一个人道德修养的水平。因此,教育学生从小正确使用礼貌用语,是提高学生思想道德素质的重要内容。

对于一年级小学生来说,礼貌用语并不陌生,从他们学说话起,家长就教会他们说“谢谢”等礼貌用语,在幼儿园中也进行过这方面的教育。本课要在以前教育的基础上,进一步提高学生使用礼貌用语的能力,将日常生活中常用的礼貌用语比较全面地教给学生,使学生结合具体环境理解每种礼貌用语表达的含义及用法,并促使他们在日常生活中正确使用这些语言。

本课分为三部分。

本课教学应注意以下三点。

1.一年级小学生对于礼貌用语并不陌生,教学应考虑他们原有的基础,利用他们原有的生活经验,提高对礼貌用语含义的理解。即不要过于简单地教学生说礼貌用语,因为他们在口头上是会说的,要在会说的基础上,提高他们对每种礼貌用语的理解;但不要拔高,以较抽象语言讲述各种礼貌用语的含义和用法,要把握好本课教学要求的“度”。

2.要使一年级小学生正确理解礼貌用语的含义,不能离开语言的具体环境,如课文中安排的特定具体环境,但不能只限于一种具体环境,要让学生举一反三,如请求语的使用,课文安排在借书的具体环境中,教学中可扩展到问路:“请问……”;买东西:“请给我……”;向老师请教问题:“请您给我讲……”;请求同学帮助:“请你帮我……”,要和学生的日常生活紧密结合,促使学生经常使用。

3.礼貌用语的教育要紧紧抓住其实质:人与人交往中尊重别人、对别人友好的表示。要使学生正确理解每种礼貌用语所表示的内心真情。例如,道歉语“对不起”,应是自己由于打扰别人,影响别人而感到内心不安,用“对不起”表示道歉,请求别人原谅,而不是简单说一声“对不起”,应付一下别人。讲每一种礼貌用语的含义和用法,都要抓住当时应有的正确思想活动。在为别人着想的内心活动基础上,才能正确使用好礼貌用语。

第四课 学会礼貌用语

教学目标:

1.知道日常生活中的常用礼貌用语。

2.愿意学习并使用礼貌用语。

3.以正确使用礼貌用语为荣。

4.正确使用日常生活中的礼貌用语“请”、“您”、“你好”、“谢谢”(别客气、不用谢)、“对不起”(没关系)、“再见”等等。

教学重点、难点:

让学生愿意学习并正确使用礼貌用语。

教学准备:

1.磁带:课文、儿歌录音、歌曲《咱们从小讲礼貌》 下载

2.小电话模型。

3.小红花数朵。

教学过程():

一、导入(文中“想一想”)

1.你向谁说过“你好”?谁又向你说过“你好”?当时你的心情怎样?

2.小结:当我们互相亲切地问候“你好”时,心里都是热乎乎的,非常高兴。因为“你好”是礼貌用语。(出示“你好”的卡片)

板书:礼貌用语

过渡:孩子们,你们还想学到更多的礼貌用语吗?那我们今天就来学习第四课,我相信,学了这一课以后你们就会学到很多礼貌用语。

二、学习新课

1.学习“你好”。(出示课文插图一)

(1)介绍赵小刚和王强。

师:老师先给大家介绍一对好朋友,测提赵小刚和王强。他们俩平时说话可有礼貌啦!瞧,在上学的路上,他俩见了面就……

学生猜想:他们早晨见了面就互相讲“你好”!

板书:你好

(2)问:你们什么时候用过“你好”?你是怎么说的?

小结:互相问候了“你好”,心里非常高兴,新的一天学习生活都从这美好的问候中开始。

(运用多媒体的音像功能,创设良好的教学情景,能使学生进入最佳学习状态,是激发他们的学习兴趣、萌发求知欲的有力措施。课文这样一开头就向学生展示了一幅生动活泼的画面,让他们立即萌生了想知道为什么的念头。这样,课文从头至终都让学生身临其境,在欣赏中就学到了在什么时候用什么礼貌用语。)

2.学习“请”。(出示课文插图二)

过渡:让我们接着再来看看赵小刚和王强的故事。

(1)王强有一本书,赵小刚很想借来看。他是怎么对王强说

(2)比较两种说法,看哪种有礼貌?咱们再来听听赵小刚是怎么说的?

板书:请

生:赵小刚用了“请”,为什么还要说“可以吗?”引导理解:表示和别人商量是非常有礼貌的。

(3)问:你什么时候用过“请”?引导学生想生活中哪些地方该用“请”。

小结:用上了“请”就表示对别人尊重,是很有礼貌的表现。

3.学习“谢谢”(别客气、不用谢)。(出示课文插图三)

(1)学生看图说图意,想赵小刚还书时是怎么做的?怎么说的?为什么要说“谢谢”?

板书:谢谢

(2)王强又是怎么说的?

板书:别客气 不用谢

(3)问:你们用过“谢谢”(别客气、不用谢)吗?怎么说的?

小结:得到别人的帮助、关心和礼物时都应说上一句“谢谢”,这样就让我们的友情更加深厚了。

4.学习“对不起”(没关系)。(出示课文插图四)

(1)有一天,大家一起玩的时候,赵小刚被王强碰了一下,开始他的脸色是怎样的?为什么后来却笑了呢?

(2)想想他们会怎么做?怎么说?听他们是怎么说的?

板书:对不起(没关系)

(3)你们在什么时候用过“对不起”(没关系)?是怎么说的?

小结:“对不起”很神奇,能让小朋友变生气为开心,但说“对不起”一定要真心诚意。怎样才是真心诚意,请学生演示。师生共同评价。

5.学习“再见”。(出示课文插图五)

(1)放学了,赵小刚和王强一起走出校门,看他们在干什么?说什么?

板书:再见

(2)你们在什么时候对谁说过“再见”?怎么说的?怎么做的?

小结:要和别人分别时,说上一声“再见”,让别人心里感到很温暖。

6.学习“您”。(出示课文插图六)

师:从刚才他俩的表现,你们觉得赵小刚和王强是怎样的孩子?

生:他们非常懂礼貌!

师:所以老师要奖励小红花给他们!老师奖励小红花给他们的时候,他们是怎么说的?

板书:“您”

引导学生理解“您”和“你”的区别——“您”是长辈或比你大的人的称呼。想想可以对谁说“您”,比如:妈妈……

7.学生看书听录音,根据板书回忆赵小刚和王强用了哪些礼貌用语。

三、演一演(课后“演一演”)

1.说赵小刚和王强用了哪些礼貌用语?

2.请两位同学上台扮演赵小刚和王强。

3.师生共同评价,以小红花作为奖励。

四、请学生帮助老师解决难题

1.课后“比一比”。(出示课文“比一比”内容)

(1)如果小明立即说了“对不起”,会怎样?

(2)如果小明不说“对不起”,又会怎样?

(3)小结:说不说“对不起”的关系很大哩!以后要是你退到这样的情况该怎么办呢?对!只有“真心尊重别人”,向别人道歉,别人才会原谅你。

板书:真心尊重别人

2.帮助下面的小朋友正确使用礼貌用语。

(1)小红借小方的刀用,小红说:“喂,把刀给我用用。”

(2)小云把笔还给小花,小云说:“谢谢!”叫小花说:“没关系。”

(3)小会见到老师说:“老师你好。”

(4)客人要走了,小刚应该说什么?

小结:能正确使用礼貌用语真光荣,老师奖励小红花给你们。

(“活动”是思品课不可缺少的内容之一,能让学生将所学的东西运用到生活中去,既满足了学生好动的特点,又巩固了知识。另外,教师及时的鼓励和奖励也是教学本课的手段之一,能让学生在得到老师的表扬和肯定后继续认真学习,同时激励更多的学生认真学习。)

五、练一练(出示课文“练一练”题)

先让学生看图说在什么情况下用什么礼貌用语,再同桌用小电话练习,最后请学生上台表演。

小结:虽然,我们打电话时看不见对方,但是我们用上了礼貌用语,就显得很亲切了,心中就很温暖了。

通过刚才的学习,你们学会使用这些礼貌用语了吗?

板书:学会

六、读一读

1.你愿意使用礼貌用语吗?为什么?

2.学习儿歌。(出示儿歌内容并放录音)

3.朗读儿歌。

板书:相亲相爱 心中温暖

七、总结

希望小朋友们以后自觉使用礼貌用语,让我们这朵文明礼貌之花开满在我们的生活中,愿你们从小做个讲礼貌的孩子。

放录音:歌曲《咱们从小讲礼貌》 下载,师生拍手齐唱。

板书:

四 学会礼貌用语

“您”

真心尊重别人

学会

相亲相爱 心中温暖

教学设计方案范例篇十七

教学目的

1.在双向互动的语言实践中培养口语交际的能力。

2.通过相互交流,感受童年生活的纯真、美好,激发??陨?畹娜劝??br>

3.培养学生留心观察生活,用心感受生活的习惯。

4.打开学生思路,为后面的习作做准备。

教学准备

1.《童年》歌曲。

2.能勾起对童年生活美好回忆的照片、物品。

教学时间:一课时

教学过程

1.激趣导入,引发情感体验。

播放歌曲《童年》。师:童年是一首歌,歌里有我们的幸福和欢乐;童年是一幅画,画里有我们五彩的生活;童年是一个梦,梦里有我们的想象和憧憬。让我们把童年生活中难以忘怀的事说出来,和同学共享。

2.同桌间就近交流。

以同桌同学为一组,就自己的照片内容互相说说照片中相关的人和事,或者由一件物品引起的相关回忆。要求:口齿清楚,条理清晰,让对方听了以后能明白说的是一件什么事。

学生充分参与交流。教师以一个听众的身份加入学生们的学习中去,成为学生学习的伙伴。转变角色,进入交际情境,在其间教师可以点拔,引导。

3.全班汇报。

(1)在学生充分参与交流的基础上,让一对同桌同学到讲台前汇报。要求其他同学认真听,看看台上的同学说说得是不是比较有条理。

组织学生评议。评议着重围绕是否有条理展开,同时,对是否恰当运用礼貌用语和体态语也应予以一定的评点,以培养学生良好的听说态度和语言习惯。

(2)另请一对同桌同学汇报,除了上述要求外,

还要求讲得生动有趣。

学生练说,先后两次指名汇报,组织评议。评议时,以是否有条理和是否生动有趣两点要求为侧重点,但应兼顾语言的规范性,以及听说态度等。

4.自由组合,深入练说。

让学生三三两两,自由组合,互相说说自己有趣的往事。随后,以小组为单位,到讲台前汇报。

5.课外延伸,生活中说。

让学生回家以后,和爸爸、妈妈、爷爷、奶奶共同回忆自己童年发生的有趣的事。

第二课时(习作)

教学目标

1.学会记事,要把事情的经过写清楚,也可以写这件事使你明白了什么。

2.通过事情表达童年的美好,旨在突出“趣”,选择自己印象最深的事,体现个性化。

3.记事的内容具体,要说真话、实话、心里话,中心明确。

教学准备

1.搜集小时候的老照片或珍藏的能引起童年趣事的有关物品。

2.师准备范文一篇。

教学时间:两课时

教学过程

一、启发谈话,引出话题

“池塘边的榕树上,知了在……”

同学们,大家都会唱《童年》这首歌吧!是的,我们每个人都有美好的童年,你看,那会飞的梦,那冬阳下的骆驼队,那一声“精彩”和“糟糕”……今天,老师让同学回忆一下童年那充满稚趣而又很有意思的事,用文字把它表达出来。

二、明确范围,简要指导

1.指名读“作文内容”,思考这次作文给我们提了哪几点要求。

2.拿出事先准备的老照片,围绕老照片或珍藏的有关引起童年回忆的物品的前前后后发生了哪些有趣的事呢?(可以同桌互相交流)

3.教师简要提示。

①要突出“趣”字。(要有稚趣,要有意思,要有发现,要有反思……)②要符合我们生活的实际特点而展开。要说实话、真话、心里话,可以是玩赛车,可以是捉迷藏,可以是异想天开做傻事……

三、范文引路,讨论写法

1.教师念范文《童年趣事》。(学生人手一份)。

范文略

2.教师出示讨论题目(先分组讨论,然后各组长汇报,师生共同评议、补充)。

(1)文章给人的感觉真实吗?有意思吗?有趣吗?

(2)范文中的语言、动作、神态及心里活动的描写怎样?那些地方值得你借鉴和学习?

“好笑”、“有意思”中蕴涵什么呢?你有体现你个性的有趣的事吗?如果有请马上写下来。

五、快速习作,教师巡视

1.教师按以往快速作文的惯例,再次让学生明确写作的范围,并要求在20分钟内完成450字左右的文章。

2.在教师的巡视中,对于极少数作文方面存在问题的同学适时降低作文要求,只要抓住“有趣”二字,写出自己的感受就行,并在黑板上挂出有关的好词佳句供这部分同学参考。

六、学生自改,二次作文

1.学生自改。在自改过程中,学生重新感受写作的过程,在查缺补漏中完善了自己的作文,享受了习作过后的愉悦感。

2.二次作文。在教师巡视指导过程中对于能把事情写清楚,很有个性化、真实性的作文和比较存在问题或问题较大的作文师生集体评改(不少于各2遍),随后学生第二次作文。

教学设计方案范例篇十八

������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½

����1����ë«ï¿½ò»¥¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??��?���è°??br>

����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

����4����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§×¼ï¿½ï¿½

����1����í¯ï¿½ê¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2���ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ê±ï¿½ä£ºò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1����è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

�������å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ê¡·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¸è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£»í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������í¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§îªò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£òªï¿½ó£º¿ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â¡ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ë½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½é¡£×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��è«ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½

������1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ë½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ç°ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ïµï¿½í¬ñ§ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ç±è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ò²ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµì¬ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

������2������ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,

������òªï¿½ó½²µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¹æ·¶ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµì¬ï¿½èµè¡ï¿½

����4��������ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ç°ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½

����5���������죬������ëµï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ôºó£¬ºí°ö°ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¢ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½í¯ï¿½ê·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½

�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½

����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3�����âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¾ï¿½ï¿½å£¬òªëµï¿½æ»°ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§×¼ï¿½ï¿½

����1���ñ¼ï¿½ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ê¦×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ê±ï¿½ä£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ߵ������ï£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½á³ªï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ê¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½çµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½í¯ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¶ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������è·ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªö¸ï¿½ï¿½

����1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½

����2���ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ç°ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

������òªí»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½òªï¿½ð·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªëµêµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ô²ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ªï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½

����1����ê¦ï¿½î·¶ï¿½ä¡ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������

����2����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³¤ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£©ï¿½ï¿½

������1�����â¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½

������2�������ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½

��������ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����塢����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ï¿½

����1����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20���������450�����òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½

����2���ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ö»òª×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ò³ï¿½ï¿½ð¹øµäºã´ê¼ñ¾ä¹©ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½â©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ð¡ï¿½

����2���������ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºí±è½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½2�飩�����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

全文阅读已结束,如果需要下载本文请点击

下载此文档
a.付费复制
付费获得该文章复制权限
特价:5.99元 10元
微信扫码支付
已付款请点这里
b.包月复制
付费后30天内不限量复制
特价:9.99元 10元
微信扫码支付
已付款请点这里 联系客服