总结是对某一特定时间段内的学习和工作生活等表现情况加以回顾和分析的一种书面材料,它能够使头脑更加清醒,目标更加明确,让我们一起来学习写总结吧。总结书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇总结呢?这里给大家分享一些最新的总结书范文,方便大家学习。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇一
教学从矛盾开始就是从问题开始。思维自疑问和惊奇开始,在教学中可设计一个学生不易回答的悬念或者一个有趣的故事,激发学生强烈的求知欲望,起到启示诱导的作用。如在教授等差数列求和公式时,有位教师先讲了一个数学小故事:德国的“数学王子”高斯,在小学读书时,老师出了一道算术题:1+2+3++100=?,老师刚读完题目,高斯就在他的小黑板上写出了答案:5050,其他同学还在一个数一个数的挨个相加呢。那么,高斯是用什么方法做得这么快呢?这时学生出现惊疑,产生一种强烈的探究反响。这就是今天要讲的等差数列的求和方法——倒序相加法。
教材中有些内容是枯燥乏味,艰涩难懂的。如数列的极限概念及无穷等比数列各项和的
概念比较抽象,是难点。如对于0。9=1这一等式,有些同学学完了数列的极限这一节后仍表怀疑。为此,一位教师在教学中插入了一段“关于分牛传说的析疑”的故事:传说古代印度有一位老人,临终前留下遗嘱,要把19头牛分给三个儿子。老大分总数的1/2,老二分总数的1/4,老三分总数的1/5。按印度的教规,牛被视为神灵,不能宰杀,只能整头分,先人的遗嘱更必须无条件遵从。老人死后,三兄弟为分牛一事而绞尽脑汁,却计无所出,最后决定诉诸官府。官府一筹莫展,便以“清官难断家务事”为由,一推了之。邻村智叟知道了,说:“这好办!我有一头牛借给你们。这样,总共就有20头牛。老大分1/2可得10头;
新疆奎屯市一中第3页山东教育学院新疆高中数学骨干教师培训王新敞教研一得
老二分1/4可得5头;老三分1/5可得4头。你等三人共分去19头牛,剩下的一头牛再还我!”真是妙极了!不过,后来人们在钦佩之余总带有一丝怀疑。老大似乎只该分9。5头,最后他怎么竟得了10头呢?学生很感兴趣,老师经过分析使问题转化为学生所学的无穷等比
数列各项和公式sa11q
(|q|0且(2a)24a0,得出0山东教育学院新疆高中数学骨干教师培训王新敞教研一得
如在解不等式
x3x2x2x322一位教师先利用学生已有的知识解决这个问题,即0时,
采用解两个不等式组来解决,接着,又用如下的解法:
原不等式可化为:(x23x2)(x22x3)0即(x1)(x2)(x3)(x1)0,所以原不等式解集为:x|1x1或2x3,学生会惊疑,唉!这是怎么解的,解法这么好!这位教师说道:“你想知道解法吗?我们下节课再深入具体地探究”。这样就激起了学生的求知欲望,为下节课的教学作好了充分的心理准备。
当然,教师提出的问题必须转化为学生自己思维的矛盾。只有把客观矛盾转化为学生自身的思维矛盾,才能产生激疑效应。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½í½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðºü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºü¿ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½çµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó¡£±ï¿½ï¿½ä¾í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ì¸ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã¬ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ªê¼ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºí¾ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ªê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½úµè²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ê½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º1��2��3����100=������ê¦ï¿½õ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ð°¸£ï¿½5050������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµè²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��
�����ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï·¦î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¬ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ï¿½ï¿½þ¸ï¿½ï¿½î¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½
��������è½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½0��9=1��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©í¬ñ§ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½îªï¿½ë£ï¿½ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½å´ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½19í·å£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/2���ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/4��������������1/5����ó¡ï¿½èµä½ì¹æ£¬å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½å£ò»ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö��è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½äªõ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½îªï¿½é£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ì£¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»í·å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20í·å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½1/2�éµï¿½10í·ï¿½ï¿½
�����â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ðµï¿½3ò³é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ôºï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ç¸é½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
�����ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/4�éµï¿½5í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1/5�éµï¿½4í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥19í·å£ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½âµï¿½ò»í·å£ï¿½ù»ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼«ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ö»ï¿½ã·ï¿½9��5í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½10í·ï¿½ø£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½
�������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ê½sa11q
������|q|0�ò£ï¿½2a��24a0���ã³ï¿½0é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ôºï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ç¸é½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú½â²»ï¿½ï¿½ê½
����x3x2x2x322ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½0ê±ï¿½ï¿½
�������ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½â·¨ï¿½ï¿½
����ô����ê½ï¿½é»ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½x23x2����x22x3��0����x1����x2����x3����x1��0������ô����ê½ï¿½â¼¯îªï¿½ï¿½x|1x1��2x3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¾ªï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½â·¨ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½â½ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ã¬ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð°ñ¿í¹ï¿½ã¬ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ã¬ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇三
为打造高素质的教师队伍,扎扎实实练好教学基本功,立足我校教育发展的实际,深入开展教学研究,以课程改革为中心,以课堂教学为重点,抓好教学常规管理的同时,不断更新教学观念,不断创新工作思路,不断改革完善教学方法和措施,扎实开展我校的校本培训和研究工作,加强语文师资队伍的建设。为了让全体语文教师从政治思想、师德修养、教育教学等能力得到明显提高,小语教研组制定了“科研兴语”的工作目标,希望从中培养出一批教学骨干,使学校能拥有一支师德高尚、业务精良、善于从事素质教育的新型语文教师队伍。
1、通过开展有效性课堂教学系列研讨活动,让“规范课堂”成为需要,让“反思课堂”成为习惯,让“高效课堂”成为素养。
2、通过多样化的研修形式,进一步明确有效教学的标准及特征,实现课堂教学的高质高效,促进教师专业化发展。
3、探讨自主、高效的“有效性课堂教学”元素构成及评价。
4、探讨学生学习方式和教师教学方式的转变。
(一)加强学习,提高认识。
课改作为全力推进素质教育的重要举措,关系到培养目标的大问题,每个教师都应该清楚地认识到只有立足于校本培训,不断学习,才能尽快地转变观念,适应时代的要求,希望通过校本培训,我们重点解决以下问题:
1、重新认识“以人为本”的教学观念。教师的重任不再只是知识的传授者,更是学生学习能力的培养者,而在教学中教师也常常忽视了学生的发展,没有体现“以人为本”的理念。我们只有通过校本培训,达成共识,教师主动地由过去以传授知识为主转变为,传授获取知识的技能和方法,围绕学生设计课堂教学,体现学生是学习的主体,课堂的主人。
2、以旧换新,将先进的教学模式引入课堂。
多年来,老师教,学生学;老师讲,学生听,这已经成为固定的教学模式,新课改向我们提出了新的课题,这种教学模式限制了学生的发展,压抑了学生学习的热情,不能焕发学生的潜能。与此同时,希望通过实行“合作学习”、“主动探究”、“师生互动”、“生生互动”等新型的教学模式为课堂注入生机与活力。让大家认识到:这些新的教学模式给学生更加自由的学习空间,体现以学生为本的理念。
(二)健全校本研修二级研修网络。
语文教研组建立教研组、教师二级研修网络,以语文教研组为中心,层层负责,逐级推进,欢迎学校教学领导分工蹲点教研组,参加教研组活动,提出指导性意见和建议。教研组抓好教师培训,定期给老师布置工作任务,定期检查,通过教研组二级研修活动,对全校语文教师进行全方位、多层次培训,重新构建教师对“有效课堂”的认知结构。
(三)通过创新培训,提升教学理念
1、有效教学理念培训。
校本研修的关键在于教师,教师对有效课堂理念的认识程度直接影响校本研修的成效。为此,学习、实践、验证依然是重点任务。保证培训时间:用足、用好业务学习时间。形成培训系列:重点围绕说课、上课、评课开展教研组活动,并且详细记录。在一个个案例中实践、体验新的课程理念。加强合作交流:邀请专家、教研员来校讲座、辅导;派教师外出学习、观摩,要求外出学习的教师返校后,及时向教研组、教师传达先进思想、理念,相互学习,共同提高。学期末,根据学期计划,完成对培训教师的考核工作。
2、营造浓厚氛围,积极科研探索。
(1)积极组织开展教科研及加大常规培训力度。
a、校内教研组活动的开展,语文组于每周四下午第一二节课。
b、各位教师自学教育教学科研基础方法的培训。如论文、案例、教学设计、教学故事等的撰写和说课的要求。
c、加大教科研的力度,促教师创新精神、实践能力的提高。继续推荐部分中青年教师参加市骨干班培训,以提高中青年教师的业务水平及能力。继续开展教师相互听课活动,要求一学期教师相互听课不少于20节,每次课要做记录并写出听课反思。
d、组织教师观看教学光盘,并写出观看后的心得体会,按时上交到教研组。
e、定期组织教师进行各类专题讲座。
f、加强教学科研工作。本学年对立项课题“新课改背景下的课堂教学有效性”进行研究。
(四)以全员性参与为基础,探讨“有效性课堂教学”。
教研组提前公布教师研究课的教学内容,研讨课例开展参与式集体备课(在年级学科组内,人人同备同上一节课,进行研讨)即同课异构。展示课结束,现场进行效果检测;进行上课教师说课、听课教师有针对性地开展讨论与评课,最后由专家点评、提升。
全组教师围绕自己期初制定的教学研究目标进行研究,积极参加教研组举行的“新课改背景下的课堂教学有效性的研究”系列活动,评课的过程中,既要客观地评出优点,也要评出问题,提出改进措施和努力方向。
(五)以小课题为突破口,开展行动研究。
从“新课改背景下的课堂教学有效性的研究”系列活动中发现值得研究的课例,以课例为主要研究方式,让教师确定有研究价值的专题,进行有效的课堂观察,采取一课多讲,在同伴的互助下,对自己的教学行为进行自我分析和自我反思,以课例展示理念,让理念回归课堂。做到“小课题库——需求评估——拟定方案——读教育专著——写读书笔记——自主设计——课堂实践——评课交流——自我反思”的研修流程。引领、帮助教师研究课堂教学,内化新课改理念,真正做到理念先行,理论与实践相结合,推进课程改革向前发展。
相信通过这些扎实有效的校本研修,我校的有效课堂教学一定会有声有色,取得不错的成效。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇四
����
����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµêµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªõ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§îªï¿½øµã£¬×¥ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡¢ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡±ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ç¸é£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ò»ö§ê¦ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����
����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ê¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦×¨òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����4��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½í½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ä¡£
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
�����î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªè«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ù´ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º
����1��������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð½ï¿½ê¦ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½è¥ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶îªï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½üºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����2���ô¾é»ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
��������������ê¦ï¿½ì£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½õ¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
������������è«ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£
�������ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½î¼ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ã½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½é£¬í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½
����������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ð§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½
����ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµä³ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡£±ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ñµê±ï¿½ä£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ãºï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê±ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµïµï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ó£¬¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½à»¥ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ú¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��óªï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1��������ö¯ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ó´ó³£¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����a��ð£ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¡ï¿½
����b����î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµèµï¿½×«ð´ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½îµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½
����c���ó´ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ç¸é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ñ§ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20�ú£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î¿ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����d����ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����e��������ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½â½²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����f����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½â¿î¸ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ô±ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¹¹ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î½ï¿½ê¦ëµï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµø¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½í¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµã£¬ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������壩��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªí»ï¿½æ¿ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ó¡ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ê¦è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½è¡ò»ï¿½î¶à½²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
��������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇五
回忆一学期的工作,想说的真是太多太多。公民教师这一职业是非常辛苦的,不仅担负着教学工作,更担当着治理全班同窗的重担。先生是学生班集体的教育者、组织者和领导者,也是学校教育工作、尤其是学校思想品德教育工作的主力军,能够说,教师工作的好坏直接关系到全体学校的发展。下面分多少个方面来说一说:
本人关心国家大事,工作当真负责,关怀学生,爱惜学生,为人师表,有贡献精力。
1、备课
开学初,积极参加教研室组织的教研活动,在师校教研员的领导下进行群体备课,仔细听,认真记,懂得精神实质。而后根据要求,提前两周备好课,写好教案。平时做到周前备课。备课时认真研究教材、教参,学习好纲领,虚心向同年组老师学习、求教。力求吃透教材,找准重点、难点。
为了上好一节课,我上网查资料,集中别人的长处判断自己的教学思路,经常工作到深夜。为了学生能更直观地感想所学的知识内容,我积极查找课件,制作课件,准备、制造教具。每次,当我工作完的时候,脖子就已经感到十分僵直而苦楚悲伤。而家人都已酣睡,时钟已静静滑过深夜十一时、十二时,有时已经凌晨一时多了。
2、上课
上好课的前提是做好课前准备,不打无筹备之仗。上课时认真讲课,力求捉住重点,冲破难点,精讲精练。应用多种教学方法,从学生的实际动身,注意调动学生学习的积极性和发明性思维,使学生有举一反三的能力。培养学生的学习兴趣,有难度的问题找优等生;个别问题找中等生;简单些的总是找学困生回答。桌间巡视时,注意对学困生进行背靠背的辅导,课后及时做课后记,找出不足。
3、辅导
我应用课余时间对学生进行辅导,不明白的耐烦讲解,不会写字就手把手地教,及时查缺补漏。并与家长接洽,及时沟通情况,使家长了解情况,以便在家里对孩子进行辅导。为了辅导学困生,我常常在班后把他们带回家,给他们吃小灶。
4、作业
依据减负的请求,我把天天的作业经由精心肠筛选,适当地留一些有利于学生能力发展的、施展主动性和发现性的功课。
德育是学校工作中的重中之重,而德育工作的秘诀就是"爱"。师爱是宏大的、神圣的。师爱是人类复杂情感中最高尚的情感,它凝固着教师无私奉献的精神。师爱是"超常脱俗"的爱。这种爱不血源跟亲情,不私利与目的,然而这种爱却有一种巨大的力气。
1、爱就是了解。
爱学生就要了解学生,包括对学生的身体状态、家庭情形、知识基本、学习成就、兴致爱好、性格气质、交友情况、喜怒哀乐的深刻懂得。这是做好班级管工作、避免教育盲点、因材施教的前提,也是进步教育管理程度、提高教育教学品德的必要条件。
初接新班,了解学生从了解学生家庭开始。父母的年事、职业、家庭住址、生活状况,做到高深莫测。接着就要了解孩子的兴趣、爱好、特色,他们有什么弊端,需不须要照顾;了解孩子的学前教育情况,以便因材施教。
为了了解学生我每天都和他们在一起,课间和他们一起做游戏,中午休息时和他们说谈话,在闲谈进程中了解他们的基础情况。经过一段时间的了解,知道了许多:
懂得了孩子的所有,我才华有的放矢地去关怀他们。
2、爱就是关心。
师爱是教育的"润滑剂",是进行教育的必要条件。当教师全身心地爱护、关心、帮助学生,做学生的贴心人时,师爱就成了一种巨大的教育力量。正因为有了师爱,教师能力赢得学生的信任,学生才乐于接受教育,教育才能收到良好的成果。师爱要全面、公平。全面公正的爱是指教师要酷爱每一个学生。学习好的要爱,学习一般的要爱,学习差的也要爱;活泼的要爱,文静踏实的要爱,内向拘谨的更要爱;"金凤凰"要爱,"丑小鸭"同样也要爱。
3、爱就是尊重。
尊重、理解、信任学生是消除教育盲点的基础。尊敬学生要尊重学生的人格。教师与学生诚然处在教育教学过程中的不同的地位,但在人格上应该是等同的,这就是恳求教师不能平易近人,更不能利用老师的地位和权力污辱学生;理解学生要从青少年的心理发展特点出发,理解他们的要求和主张,懂得他们成熟和天真;信赖学生要信任他们的潜在能力,放手让学生在实践中锻炼,在磨难中成长。只有这样,学生能力与教师缩警戒理距离,学生才会对教师产生依靠感。
在班上,人人都是小主人。不用老师指定,不必编排值日表,每天卫生扫除都有学生抢着去做;班上有同学遇到艰难,同学们都会主动去关心、援助……。用爱心造就孩子对群体,对别人的爱,一旦这种爱升华为对别人、对社会的责任感,那么人格大树就矗立起来了。
4、爱就是责任。
爱学生要深入地爱,爱学生要理智地爱。就是要严厉要求学生,对学生不娇惯、不溺爱。对其弊病错误,不放荡、不姑息、不放任。师爱既蕴含着强烈的情绪色彩,又表现出深刻的理智,不仅着眼于学生目前的得失和苦乐,更注重学生未来的发展和前途。
作为一个合格的国民先生,我有义务引领他们走进常识的殿堂,学到更多的知识;我有责任引领他们张开空想的风帆,驶向梦中的彼岸;我有责任引领他们插上智慧的翅膀,翱翔在无尽的天空。
在教学中我采用了良多孩子们易于接受的方式进行教养,想了很多有趣的游戏,不仅使学生爱动的天性被发挥的畅快淋漓,由此吸引了学生的留神力,而且还有意想不到的收获。在辅导学生学习时,不仅要使优等生学好,也要使中等生学好,更要使学困生学好。教师的责任不仅在于教学学生知识,更在于引导他们学会生涯和生存的根本技能,及做人的基本行动准则。
刚入学的学生,不知天高地厚,只会随心所欲地玩闹。我就不失时机地抓住一切可能利用的机会进行惯例教育,如:班会上、早检时、值周总结得到红旗和没得到红旗都要进行教育。这样让他们心中有通例,时刻有常规意识。
但这是远远不够的,他们的自发性不强,还需要时刻不放松地"看"。下课时,我先走到教室门口,站在那儿,而后目送他们一个一个走出去,还要不断地提醒,某某站排里,某某把手放下。这样的话不知说了多少。指导他们游戏的办法。上课时光站队就得训练好几次。就这样,促地下课我不再用时时地去看着了,队伍也站得整整齐齐了。
积极学习各种教育理论,以充实自己,以便在工作中以坚实的理论作为领导,更好地进行教育教学。我还利用业余时间认真学习电脑知识,学习制作多媒体课件,为教学服务。
1、加强自身基本功的练习,课堂上做到精讲精练,注重对学生能力的培养,知识上做到课课清、段段清。
2、对差生多些关心,多点爱心,再多一些耐心,使他们在各方面有更大进步。
3、加强守纪方面的教育,使学生不仅在课堂上集中留心力学习,课下也要按校纪班规严格约束自己。
4、教育学生要注意保持环境卫生,增强主人翁意识和责任感。
5、利用各种方法,训练学生提高、集中注意力。
6、在教学高下功夫,努力使班级学生的成绩在原有的基础上有更大的先进。
教育工作,是一项常做常新、永无止境的工作。社会在发展,时代在前进,学生的特点和问题也在发生着始终的变革。作为有任务感的教育工作者,必须以高度的敏感性和自发性,及时发明、研究和解决学生教诲跟管理工作中的新情况、新问题,把持其特点、创造其法令,失职尽责地做好工作,以实现咱们肩负的神圣历史使命。
一份春华,一份秋实,在教书育人的道路上我付出的是汗水和泪水,然而我收获的却是那一份份空虚,那沉甸甸的感情。我用我的心去教导我的学生,我用我的情去培育我的学生,我无愧于我心,我无悔于我的事业。让我把毕生矢志教育的宿愿化为热爱学生的一团火,将自己最宝贵的爱奉献给孩子们,信任今日含苞欲放的花蕾,明日必定能盛开绚丽的花朵。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇六
��������ò»ñ§ï¿½úµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö°òµï¿½ç·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¼¯ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ß£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã»ï¿½ö±ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½
�������ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¸ºï¿½ð£¬¹ø»ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½×¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1������
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½å±¸ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î£ï¿½ð´ï¿½ã½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ì²î£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã¡£
����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ëµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ö±ï¿½ûµø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ß¡ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ê®ï¿½ö½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ñºï¿½ë¯ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ê®ò»ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½è³¿ò»ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����2���ï¿ï¿½
�����ïºã¿îµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ç°×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ³ï±¸ö®ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½²ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½×¡ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶èµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;�����������ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;��ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£
����3������
������ó¦ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½öµø½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½â©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ð¡ï¿½î¡£
����4����òµ
�������ý¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½é¸ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ê©õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¹ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����������ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"��"��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¥ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¸´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"��������"�ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñªô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¾þ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1���������ë½â¡£
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¾í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²å���öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°à¼¶ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ìµï¿½ç°ï¿½á£¬ò²ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§æ·ï¿½âµä±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������â°à£¬ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ö°òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¥×¡ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äªï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾ï¿½òªï¿½ë½âº¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½×¶ë£ï¿½ï¿½è²»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½õ¹ï¿½;�ë½âº¢ï¿½óµï¿½ñ§ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ì¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð£¬¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£º
���������ëºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ò²å»ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ê¸ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����2�������ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"�󻬼�"���ç½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¾þ´ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó®ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªè«ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ¹«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½á°®ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ãµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½;���ãµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ì¤êµï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½;"����"òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"��ð¡ñ¼"í¬ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����������ø¡ï¿½
�������ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ñ¡£½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½äµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½í¬ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½äµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½è¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½;����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
�����ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½õ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½;������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íºï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½èºï¿½å£¬ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ëµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����4�����������î¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬²ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ç°ï¿½äµï¿½ê§ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ç°í¾ï¿½ï¿½
������îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶;�����������������å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ç·«ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä±ë°ï¿½;���������������ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ûµä³ï¿½ò£¬°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
�����ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½àº¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½üµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªê¹ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ã£ï¿½ò²òªê¹ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ßµøºï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ò¾í²ï¿½ê§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ò»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶¼òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����������ô¶ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªê±ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½"��"���â¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ú£ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ä³ä³õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ä³ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªëµï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ä°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ó¾íµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ê±ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½êµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµø½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
����2���ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°®ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����ç¿ï¿½ø¼í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½â±£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ð¡ï¿½
����5�����ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6���ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½à¼¶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�ðµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������������ò»ï¿½î³£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½õµä±ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ß¶èµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ñ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·¨ï¿½î£¬ê§ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ç¸ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¥ï¿½ï¿½ê·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµäµï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý·ý¿ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ñ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¸ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½è°ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å»ð£¬½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î±¦ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä»ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ±ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇七
幼儿园全体老师齐心协力,团结一致,在各位领导、老师的关怀、指导与帮助下,圆满地地完成了本学期的教育教学任务。
1、加强教师的思想政治教育和职业道德教育,每周星期一为幼儿园全体教师会,加强学习,并开展了“假如我是妈妈”的教育活动,倡导老师以妈妈的姿态与孩子交流,提高了教师对幼儿教育工作的认识。
2、加强了教育理论学习,树立正确的教育观,明确方向,解放思想,转变观念,大胆创新。每周三为幼儿园集体备课与业务学习时间,老师们互相探讨、相互指导,教育教学水平有大幅度提高。
3、加强教师技能技巧训练,提高教师的业务能力。本学期继续进行了技能技巧分项过关考核,三月份进行了简笔画的考核,学期末完成了自弹自唱的考核。通过这些活动,使老师们的业务能力得到了提高,为更好地适应幼儿园的教育教学工作,打下了坚实的基础。
4、坚持以德为首,制定园德育目标及日常工作中教师的行为规范,提高了教师职业道德行为,由他律转为自律。
1、加强教研活动,改革课堂教学。根据幼儿发展需要,树立目标意识,选择教育内容,开展了教育活动。本学期教师分班轮流上台讲课,并及时给以指导,完善听、议课制度。对实习老师及时给予指导,使其顺利完成教学实习任务。
2、加强教育科研活动,做好课题实验的阶段总结,认真组织教师听课、评课,以研带教,促教育质量提高。二月份邀请市教科所的老师到园指导,对影视教育课题进行了阶段性的总结,得到了专家的认可。
3、采用“走出去,请进来”的学习方法,有计划地开展教学研讨活动。本学期到师范附幼参观一次,到市一幼、二幼、实验幼儿园参观活动各一次,聘请淄博市教科所的王志刚老师到园听课两节,并给予指导、点评。幼儿园到桓台分校学前班授课3节,加强两边的交流,共同提高教育教学水平。本周幼儿园教师轮流参加了淄川区的一日活动培训,使教师更好地了解了幼儿园的一日常规,为以后的工作奠定了基础。
1、加强安全管理,把安全工作列入议事日程,做到:在研究教育教学工作时,要研究安全工作;在落实教育教学工作时,要布置安全工作;在检查教育保育工作时,也要检查安全工作。
2、加强了全托、半托工作管理,做好幼儿住宿、饮食、安全、卫生等方面的管理。特别是寄宿的管理,制定了寄宿教师值班工作制度及寄宿幼儿晚间活动内容要求。另外,晚间还有园长、园长助理的轮流值班,及时发现问题、解决问题。
3、努力创设与幼儿教育相适应的良好环境,南北两园的走廊文化,根据季节及节日要求及时更换,北园院墙、玩具,老师们利用课余时间和休息时间进行了油漆、装饰,使园面貌焕烂一新,为学校节省了开支。另外我们还整合了一日活动,统一了作息时间,让幼儿在快乐的生活中获得发展。
4、加强幼儿园与家庭、社区的联系,共同为幼儿发展创造良好的条件,做到资源共享,家园共育。本学期为家长发放通知书、致家长的一封信、征求意见表5次,面对面的交流300人次,通过这些活动使我们的教育得到了家长的认可,许多事业单位的孩子已逐步进入我园就读。
1、自编幼儿体操比赛。为了督促老师课外活动的组织,提高幼儿参加湖外活动的兴趣,锻炼幼儿的身体,增强体质,三月份幼儿园举办了”自编幼儿广播体操”表演比赛活动,全体幼儿人人参与,收到了很好的效果。
2、北园下午特色课开设成功。经过长时间的考察设想,在多数家长的支持配合下,北园的下午特色课从3月1日开始正式开课,通过4个月的操作,报名人数有增无减,孩子们通过特色课学到了专长,也解决了家长接孩子的时间问题,得到家长的一致好评。
3、成功组织了幼儿园的“亲子运动会”。本次运动会比赛项目设置游戏性、趣味性强,体现了亲子性,适合孩子的年龄特点。不管是小班的家园乐“欢乐速递”、中班的快乐接力、大班的我是小司机,还是学前班的消灭大灰狼,都是孩子们喜欢的游戏项目,特别是有家长的共同参与,更增添了热闹的气氛。整个比赛过程组织严密,安排合理,裁判员认真负责,一丝不苟,使运动会进行顺利,获得了圆满成功!
能全身心地投入到工作中,无论何时,何种工作,自己永远是参与者,而不是旁观者。比如运动会、六一演出等活动中期间做好了节目的审验、编排工作,从人员的选择、节目的排练、节目单的印制,到主持人的训练、动作的纠正、发音的指导,我都身处其中,自己永远是参与者,不是旁观者。
另外我工作中也有许多的不足,如:有时工作有些粗,安排不够细腻,独挡一面的时候,难免会有漏洞;工作中还有依赖心理,总感觉背靠附小这棵大树有依靠;有时与老师们交往时,深感有代沟了,与这些新新人类的交往,有时有些力不从心。但我有信心、有热情,相信我依然会全身心地投入到幼儿教育事业中,相信我们的幼儿园会越办越好,更相信我们学校这棵大树会常青。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇八
�����׶�ô°è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð�����å½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½î»ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¹ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»îªï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡±ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ëº¢ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ç¿ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£¬×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½óµ¨´ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����3����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½çµï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½êµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4������ôµï¿½îªï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¼°ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê¦ö°òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªîªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
����
����1����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ñ§êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ä½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ô°ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿é¡ï¿½
����3�����ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×²î¹ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½î¹û»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ð£ñ§ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½3�ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½õ»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬îªï¿½ôºï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½é°²è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½×¡ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½þµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½þ½ï¿½ê¦öµï¿½à¹¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶è¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¹ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����3��å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¼ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ôºç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢×°ï¿½î£ï¿½ê¹ô°ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½îªñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½õ»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ã·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����4����ç¿ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬îªï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨öªï¿½é¡¢ï¿½â¼ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5�î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½300�ë´î£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½î¶¯ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë¼ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²½½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1���ô±ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½î¼óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ù°ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ã²¥ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ëºüºãµï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½î´ï¿½3��1�õ¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½4���âµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ò³ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½âºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½á¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ô¡ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½êºïºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ô°ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ò³ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¸ºï¿½ï¿½ò»ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½í¶ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý³ï¿½ï¿½è»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ñ¡¢½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
���������ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½í¶ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á³£ï¿½à¡£
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇九
一个学年的教育教学工作已经结束了,回顾这一学年以来,在学校领导的大力支持和全体教师的努力下,圆满地完成了教育教学工作任务,为了使以后的工作更加出色,现将本学年的语文有效课堂教学工作总结如下:
语文是一门充满思想、充满人文精神、充满智慧的学科。在新课改的大背景中,学生的自主学习意识,创新能力,已成为教师关注的热点,讨论、交流、探究等学习方式已成为课堂的主流。我们在语文课堂教学中,力求做到让学生变得鲜活,让学生学得兴致盎然,使学生在语文学习中享受学习的乐趣,从而发展学生的语文素养。
“兴趣是最好的老师”。在教学中,注重培养和激发学生的学习兴趣。譬如,在导入新课,让学生一上课就能置身于一种轻松和谐的环境氛围中,而又不知不觉地学语文。根据不同的课型,设计不同的导入方式,同时用多媒体展示课文的画面让学生进入情景;或用讲述故事的方式导入,采用激发兴趣、设计悬念……引发设计,比起简单的讲述更能激发学生的灵性,开启学生学习之门。
在语文教学中,阅读者对语言意义、语言情感、语言技巧的感悟,在很大程度上与学生的生活经历、知识积累、认识能力、理解水平有关。为此,在语文教学中,构建语义的理解、体会,要引导学生仁者见仁,智者见智,大胆主动地各抒己见。在思考辩论中,教师穿针引线,巧妙点拨,以促进学生在激烈的争辩中,在思维的碰撞中,得到语言的升华和灵性的开发。教师应因势利导,让学生对问题充分思考后,学生根据已有的经验,知识的积累等发表不同的见解,对有分歧的问题进行辩论。通过辩论,让学生进一步认识了自然,懂得了知识无穷的,再博学的人也会有所不知,体会学习是无止境的道理。这样的课,课堂气氛很活跃,其间,开放的课堂教学给了学生更多的自主学习空间,教师也毫不吝惜地让学生去思考,争辩,真正让学生在学习中体验到了自我价值。
课本中的每一篇课文都是文质兼美的佳作,其语境描述的美妙,语言运用的精妙,思想表达的深邃,见解阐述的独到,都是引导学生感悟的重要内容。而由于课堂教学时间的有限,课文中的精彩之处没有可能引导学生一一感悟。为了使这些精彩给学生留下整体印象,我们在阅读中抓重点,引导学生对语言文字反复诵读,以悟出语言丰富的形象内涵,意义内涵,情感内涵。同时,让学生在感悟的基础上,引导学生居高临下地对课文进行品评,在品评中深化理解,升华认识,填补空白。引导学生选择自己阅
读感悟的精华,进行具体表述,让他们在各自品评中进一步升华认识。
美国的一位教育家指出:“课堂的外延与课外的外延相等。以课堂学习为核心,能动地向学生的学校生活、家庭生活、社会生活等各个生活领域自然延伸和拓展,使课堂训练与课外行为训练形成有序、有趣、有力、有效的结合,取得语文教学的整体效益。”在课程改革实践中,我们已把语文教学的触角伸向了广阔的天地。让学生阅读课外书;通过这些收集与阅读,为深入理解课文内容奠定了基础。
其次,重视丰富多彩的语文实践活动。如:学习第二单元课文后,布置通过各种渠道收集资料,了解古代名人的优秀品质,鼓励学生从不同角度,采用不同的途径获得知识,培养能力。 本学年我们虽然尽了自己的努力去完成了教学工作任务,也取得了一定的成绩,但离对自己的要求还有差距,今后我将继续加倍地努力工作,为全面提高学生的语文成绩而努力奋斗!
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½öºï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ôºï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
����
����������ò»ï¿½å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡¢³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ûµï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸äµä´ó±³¾ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ñ³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½æ©ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ð³ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½í¬ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ë·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ö®ï¿½å¡ï¿½
����
���������ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½éµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºü´ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ð¹ø¡ï¿½îªï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½á£¬òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×²ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¾ï¿½ï¿½é£¬öªê¶ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ûµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºü»ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½õ¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½
����
�����î±ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ã¿ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¾ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµø¶ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²¹ï¿½õ°×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����
����������ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï£ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£»í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµì¶¨ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºñ§ï°ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºó£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªè«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十一
我校共有6个年级11个教学班,承担品生(品社)教学改革的专职教师1人,兼职教师3人。我校全面开设科学、品德、地方、校本课程,成立了常识教研组,通过教研活动,全面提高常识课教师和学生的综合素质,提高课堂教学质量和效果,成绩显著。
我校立足于课改精神,立足于教学研究,在实践中求得进步,在教改中创新理念,稳步推进课堂改革。课程改革除充分利用现有教材外,还自编了适合提高学生综合素质的校本教材。
现将我校课堂教学改革总结如下:
依据品生(品社)学科的特点,我校积极探索“观察与探究相结合课型”:导入新课——自主观察——提出问题——合作探究——表达交流——应用拓展。
1、导入新课,明确观察任务。
2、自主观察,确定观察计划和方案;分组实验,合作观察,教师及时组织和引导,把学生注意力集中到观察教学对象和重点上。
3、提出问题:引导学生提出问题,筛选具备探究价值,有条件研究的问题作为研究对象。
4、合作探究大致分三步:开展探究、数据搜集和整理、得出结论。
5、表达交流分两步:第一步组内交流,第二步班内交流,在小组交流的基础上,对全体同学的成果进行整理、分析、讨论。
6、应用拓展。
创新与生活联系较为密切,引导学生解决实际问题,生活实践要为学生提供最广阔的学习天地。
依据品社、地方特点,我校采用的基本流程是:
1、激趣导入:猜谜、故事、游戏、实例导入等,形式多样,激发学生学习兴趣。
2、探究交流:这一阶段自主学习、小组合作、小组交流三个步骤进行。
3、展示汇报:以学习小组为单位,各小组在总结的基础上在全班进行展示汇报,方式多样,如语言陈述、操作演示、板书演示等。
4、归纳总结:教师要引导学生对合作学习的知识进行梳理归纳,提升,形成系统规范的道德意识,激励学生思考,探究,想象,联想。
5、测试达标:教师设计一些课堂练习,通过书面、提问的形式进行检测。
我校全力推进课堂教学改革,取得了一系列的成果:
有多名教师参加了教学大比武活动并取得了理想的成绩,编写了一套适合学生发展的校本课程,校本研发再上新台阶,学校的电脑绘画、舞蹈、足球等取得了理想的成绩,形成了浓厚的人文环境氛围。
新课改下,开放的课堂使学生敢说、敢问,课堂教学硕果累累,然而也存在着一些问题:
1、教学形式化,课堂气氛十分热烈,说一说,看一看,做一做,但目标不够明确,内容掌握不够充分,把握不准知识点。
2、教学绝对性,许多好模式被引进,但没有把自己真正的实际情况分析透彻,没有客观的、实实在在地进行改革。
3、学生科学实践能力低,品社、地方不能很好的联系实际。
1、加强教研组教研:探索如何把内容与当前小组合作学习有机结合。
2、加强教法、学法研究,真正把着力点放在知识掌握和能力培养上。
3、制定我校品生(品社)学科课堂教学方案,发挥教研组长的作用,督促实施。
4、本着提高学生综合素质的原则,安排教学活动,精心设计筛选,优化教学内容。 一个学期以来,我校品生(品社)学科课堂教学工作取得了很大提高,创新理念,推进教学改革,但仍有许多的不足,但是我们相信只要全校师生共同努力,品生(品社)教学改革一定会取得更大的成绩,学生综合素质也会得到大幅度提升。
我们会加倍努力,力争使我校的品生(品社)教学成为课改排头兵!
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十二
������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6���꼶11����ñ§ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ðµï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ç£©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½×¨ö°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦1�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦3�ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£è«ï¿½æ¿ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ê¶ï¿½î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¸ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½è²ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ä¸ï¡£ï¿½î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì²ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä¡ï¿½
�����ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
����
��������æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ç£©ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����1�������â¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������û²ì£¬è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����3��������⣺����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬é¸ñ¡ï¿½ß±ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����5�����サ������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����6��ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����������������ïµï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½òªîªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
��������æ·ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½
����1����è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����3��õ¹ê¾ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����4�������ü½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£
����5�����ô´ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½â¡£
����
������ð£è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï£¬è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ïµï¿½ðµä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì£ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½×£ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ô»æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����â¿î¸ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º
����1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½×¼öªê¶ï¿½ã¡£
����2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¿í¹ûµä¡ï¿½êµêµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµø½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ä¸ï¡£
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½æ·ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºüºãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµêµï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����
����1����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ±ç°ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����2����ç¿ï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����3���æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ç£©ñ§ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½
����4���������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ô�ò£¬°ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ç£©ñ§ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»òªè«ð£ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ç£©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ç»ï¿½ó±ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ç£©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十三
实习的日子匆匆而过,半年的顶岗生活就像转瞬即逝的流星,既美好又短暂。无论是喜是悲,是苦抑或是甜,实习的我们曾经笑过,曾经哭过,也曾经失落过,所有的这一切就像是一场真实的梦,是我们成长的印记。总之,顶岗实习是一个磨难的过程,一个成长的过程,在这里,我们不仅学会了生活技能,教学技能也有了显著的提高。教学技能关系到一名教师完成教学任务的技巧与能力,教师的课堂教学技能构成了教师教学技能的核心。能否成为一名优秀的教师,很大程度上决定于教师技能的高低。所以,实习生要努力提高教学技能,以此不断提高教学水平。在半年时间的锻炼下,我的教学技能有所提高。
所谓备课也称教学方案设计,指为了达到教学目标,教师要对教什么、怎样教以及达到什么结果进行整体策划。实习的半年最先得到提升的教学技能就是备课技能,备课是上课的前提与基础,是提高课堂教学质量的关键。还记得第一次被课时,我手中的笔迟迟不能落下,原以为简单的备课居然让我不知所措。教学目标的确立以及对重点难点的把握对我来说比较困难,还好我及时向指导老师请教,她也很大方的与我交流。作为实习生,我的教学经验几乎为零,所以在备课的环节上更要下功夫。我通过上网找资料、与指导老师的交流以及我自己的备课经验认识到备好课的几个重要方面。首先,要钻研教材,立足基础,作为一名实习生,更要认真钻研教材,通读、重读、精读,要掌握好教科书的全部内容,明确一节课的教学目标,注重基础知识、基本技能,对教学的重点、难点、知识点能够理解透彻。其次,要根据教学情境的特点,对教学实施过程进行系统决策。最后,要了解学情,有备无患,一位教育家说:“如果我不得不将教育学还原成一条原理的话,我将会说影响学习的最重要的因素是学生已经知道了什么。根据学生原有的知识状况进行教学。”教师上课的目的是让学生把知识学到手,因此了解学情是备课的基础,是因材施教的起点。教师要从学生的兴趣点和重点难点入手,把一节课安排的环环相扣,井然有趣。
总之,备课这一环节是整个教学环节中最不容忽视的,充分的备课,可以使整个教学过程尽在教师的把握中。详尽合理的备课可以在教学过程中帮助学生记忆,扩展的知识对学生来说可以增强学习兴趣并对老师产生一种佩服的感觉,能提高教师在学生心中的地位。备课,教学中的首要环节,对整个教学的效果起着不可忽视的作用。
课堂导入是一个完整课堂的重要组成部分,良好的导入能够引起学生的学习兴趣,激发学习动机;能引起学生注意,帮助进入学习情境;为新知识的教学做
好铺垫,使学生明确学习目标。特别是英语课,其课堂导入更需要掌握灵活多变的技巧。还记得初登讲台时,我的导入很简单甚至是没有导入,直接进入教学内容。指导老师在听完我的课后,第一时间指出我的导入不充分。俗话说,好的开始是成功的一半。课堂导入就是一节课的开始,能否将学生的注意力集中在本节课的教学内容上,导入起着很大的作用。知道自己的不足后,我开始向着这方面努力。首先备课前我会了解本课内容的背景,备课时也会重点把握课堂导入环节。比如八年级下册unit1 will people have robots?在本节课开始时,我先用英语介绍我小时候的家用电器,告诉同学们我们小时候的电视和收音机是什么样的,然后再让学生说说他们的童年。同学们的热情被调动起来,争相说着自己儿时的家用电器,有的同学提到了液晶电视,有的同学提到了电脑。大家安静后,我提出一个问题“what will there be in the future?”看着大家认真思考的样子,我知道本节课的导入成功了。
在这实习期间,我还利用一些其他的媒介来加强导入技能的训练,比如利用新闻、小视频、经典故事等多种方式引入新课,这样既给了学生许多上课的乐趣有充分锻炼了我自身的导入技能,总之在这为期不算很长的实习期间我尽可能的利用多种导入技能,并将好的导入方式尽可能同其他老师分享交流,在实习之初与实习结束我很明显的感觉到了自身作为教师应具备的导入技能方面有了很大的提高。
提问即是通过教师提出精心设计的问题,实现一定的教学目标的一种教学行为。提问能起到集中学生的注意力、激发学习兴趣、复习和巩固旧知识、联系新的知识、及时得到反馈信息。在课堂上充分把握好提问技能,是课堂成功的一个重要因素。在一堂课的开始,提问是经常采取的回忆手段,可以说有时候好的开始是成功的一半的这个提问便是这个开始,所以说提问在整个教学中有很重要的地位。还记得第一次上课时,因为不知道学生的姓名,所以我是通过叫号来找同学回答问题,这样随机性比较大,不能全面的照顾到不同程度的学生,而且后来有学生反映,叫号会让他们有一种好像是犯人的感觉。看来,以后在课堂上我不能叫号了。有一次和三班几个女生聊天,她们告诉我,老师一般都会记住学习成绩好和调皮学生的名字,对中游学生的名字常常记不准确。回去后我针对这一问题进行反思,还真是这样,我就是只记住了尖子生和调皮生的名字,很惭愧,作为老师应该对学生有一个全面地了解。只有对学生有了全面了解,才能对提问环节有充分准确的把握。
在充分认识到提问的重要性后,在这半年的教学活动可以的锻炼这方面的技能,由原来的毫无准备到注重各种技巧。通过半年的锻炼和指导老师对我的指导,
我认为以下的提问技巧比较重要:1、所提的问题要难易适度。问题太浅,引不起学生兴趣,学生也不思考;问题太难,高不可攀,学生也不会动脑筋。因此,提问的难易程度必须与学生所掌握的知识紧密相关。2、提问要关照到每个水平层次的学生。不同的学生学识、水平不尽相同,能够回答的问题也不相同。如果用同一个问题提问不同的学生,特别是用一些难度较大的问题提问差生时,则会挫伤他们的自信心。因此,成绩较好的学生,可以提问难度较大的问题:成绩较差的,则提问相对较容易的问题,以提升差生的自信心。3、提问要根据难易程度给予相对应的时间。如果是简单易懂、大部分学生都能随口回答的,则没必要给予多少时间,但如果比较有难度,则留给学生足够的时间。可以让学生在课堂上进行探讨再回答,或者让学生在课后再进行思考,下一节课再进行回答。
上课的过程其实是教师讲授、学生学习的过程,而教师讲授的方法和形式直接影响学生的听讲兴趣和效率。对于农村学生来说,英语课格外的枯燥、难懂,所以英语教师的讲授能力高低很关键。通过半年的顶岗实习,我认识到,讲解技巧要把握好以下几个方面:
1、结构合理、框架清晰。
2、条理清楚,层次分明。
3、重点、难点突出。
4、观点正确,证据、例证充分。
5、时间安排合理。而对于不同的知识,则可以有所侧重,不必要千篇一律。只有灵活运用,巧妙利用,才会得心应手,增强课堂的感染力与亲和力。
在我的英语课上,我会设计一些小环节来吸引学生们的注意力。比如,我会让学生领读单词,在领读的过程中,其他同学可以帮助领读同学纠正发音,我也会适时纠正强调;英语课上会有许多对话,所以对话的练习和展示成为讲授过程的重要环节,学生也很喜欢大方的在全班同学面前展示。当然,讲授还是以教师为主体,所以教师的课堂语言很重要,不仅能够正确的将知识传授给学生,还要能够用语言来鼓励学生,并且对本节课进行归纳总结。
如果学生在枯燥的课堂中学习,那么其学习效率不会很高。课堂是属于学生的,在课堂活动中,学生是主体,教师是主导。可以通过师生之间以及学生之间的互动使得每个学生多参与到课堂之中,进一步提高课堂效率。英语课上的对话练习和展示就是一个互动的例子。教师通过自己的语言也可以活跃课堂,指导老师告诉我要学会用语言来调动学生的积极性,以此达到活跃课堂的目的。
结束技能是教师在完成课堂教学活动时,对教过的知识进行归纳总结,使学生对所学过的知识形成系统,并转化、升华而采取的行为方式。一节课
的导入很重要,但是结束也不容忽视.教师应当合理安排课堂教学的结束,要做到善始善终,给自己的课堂教学画上完美的句号。结束时,教师要指出学生需要注意的要点,指出教学中的重点、难点。比如在一节英语课的结尾,我会强调本单元或者本节的重要语法点、重点句型、重点词组以及易错的知识点等。课堂的结束,要保证不拖堂,做到点到为止,及时结束。
半年的顶岗生活,对我来说,是财富,是宝藏。顶岗实习锻炼了我,顶岗实习使我成长,使我进步。感谢顶岗,感谢生活。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十四
����êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ò´ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¥ï¿½ñµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼¼ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµäºï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµä¸ßµí¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½òªå¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ô´ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½òµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����
������î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ö¸îªï¿½ë´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ô½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿îµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµãµï¿½ò»ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä±ê³ù³ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ô��îªï¿½òµ¥µä±ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½õ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ü´ó·½µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªêµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼¸ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½îµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½òªï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì²ä£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºã½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ò»ï¿½ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£¬×¢ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã¡¢öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½þ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ô���ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµó°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô�ðµï¿½öªê¶×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿îµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½îµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿î°ï¿½ï¿½åµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²»ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½óµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä±ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµäµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����
�������ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
�������ìµæ£¬ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµã³ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ì¨ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ö±ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¿îºó£¬µï¿½ò»ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµäµï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½×»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ç³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿îµä¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë½â±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë»·ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½unit1 will people have robots?�ú±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¿ï¿½ê¼ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½í¯ï¿½ê¡£í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°what will there be in the future�������å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
��������êµï°ï¿½ú¼ä£¬ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½üµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµè¶ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ð³ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµäµï¿½ï¿½ë·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����
�������ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬êµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµ½¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½âµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ã³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¿îµä¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ç³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½äµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµãµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±è½ï´ó£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ì¶èµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºå»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ü½ðºï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¼¸ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ã¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ñ§ï°ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ãºíµï¿½æ¤ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â¡£ö»ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
�����ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô���äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½é±è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½1�����������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¶¯ï¿½ô½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ì¶è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½2������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ñ¶è½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ïºãµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½3������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ì¶è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ø´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù»ø´ð£¬»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îºï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ø´ï¿½
����
�����ï¿îµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµíºü¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¼ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£º
����1���ṹ���������������
����2�������������î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4���ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����5��ê±ï¿½ä°²ï¿½åºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªç§æªò»ï¿½é¡ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������òµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó·½µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç°õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ô±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¡£
����
�������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð§ï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô´ë´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
�������������ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ì¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½î³ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿ï¿½
�����äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.��ê¦ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ã£¬ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï·¨ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµ½îªö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ê¹ï¿½ò³é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十五
开学伊始,我校组织全体教师学习研讨如何构建高效课堂,确立本学期教师教研课题。会后我进一步通过书籍、网络、与同行交流探讨学习永威模式,提升自己对先进教育理念的认识。
为了有效打造高效美术课堂,结合自己学到的教学理论,我主要从学生及教师两角度进行探究并尝试应用于教学实践。
(一)巧设提问。
有意义的“提问”意味着教师所提出的问题能够引起学生的回应或回答,且这种回应或回答让学生更积极地参与到学习过程中。好的提问是提探究式自主学习的前提,而善于倾听的教师总是能够将学生的“声音”转化为优异的教学资源。倾听是一种对话,好的对话者总善于倾听。因此我在备课时会精心设计课堂提问。“提问”之后,倾听学生的回答。对学生反馈的问题。进行科学的引导。
(二)高效精讲。
课程改革重视学生的自主学习、探究学习,似乎不那么强调教师的“讲授”,但并不是轻视讲授,其实,好的“讲授”永远象磁铁一样吸引学生的注意力。美术课的“讲授”必须少而精,把大部分时间留给学生去创作,这意味着教师要把一肚子的学问浓缩成精华呈现给学生。所以我把大量的时间留给学生探索实践,只对学生的困惑加以点拨。
(三)引导探究。
在课堂教学中,到底怎样进行探究学习呢? 首先,我在教学设计时,要努力将原先用于讲授的内容转化成适于学生探究的一个个有探究价值的问题。其次,要为学生独立探究和相互合作提供一定的思路及引导。让学生乐于探究,学会如何探究。努力提高学生分析问题及解决问题的能力。
(四)科学评价。
激励教学策略是激发学生学习动力的好方法。从心理学的角度而言,人在快乐时,大脑中枢部位被激活,产生忧虑情绪的部位则沉寂,准备行动的能量增加。由此可见,“快乐”能相当有效地激发人体的内在动力。根据小学生的年龄特点,美术教学中“快乐”的重要性是不言而喻的。激励加幽默的暗示要比站在讲台上敲教鞭更有效,因此我总是努力来找学生作品中的闪光点,并给以充分的.肯定和中肯的建议。接下来的授课非常顺利,学生作品也乐于不断的完善,学习效果显著。
(一)学生学具是达成教学目标的前提与保障。
“用于善其事,必先利其器。”美术学具的准备繁杂、种类多是美术教师较头痛的问题。所以我首先把握好学生学具准备这一关。具体方法是对学生学具准备情况进行追踪记录,并进行学分评价,对准备齐全的学生及时表扬充分肯定等方法。不仅促使学生带上学具,而且学生能带好(如彩笔灌足水)手工课能根据设计稿带上个性手工材料,让学生形成良好的学习习惯。
(二)学生目标明确才能使学习有的放矢。
每节课学生对老师出示学习目标要做到心中有数。即对学习内容,达成目标、课堂练习的具体要求(时间、效果)等。对不同层次的学生进行分层设计,使“尖子生”“吃得饱” “学困生”“消化了”。
(三)学生互助能使学生学得轻松。
当学困生学习遇到困难时,引导学生互助,以“兵教兵”为主,然后教师点拨,这样就解决了“合并班”师少生多,个别辅导耗时低效的现状。这种学习方法也使学困生及时解决心中的困惑,不断增强了其自信心,从而爱上学习使学习成为自己内心的需要,同时尖子生也得到了锻炼,增强学习兴趣。
通过这一学年高效课堂的研究实践,学生的学习效果随着其学习积极性的提高明显提高。但这只是我的一些粗浅的认识与实践。美术课要实现高效教学的路任重而道远。在今后的工作中还需不断研究探索努力打造高效的美术课堂。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十六
����
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ö¯è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����
����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����������ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½å½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½á¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ð¡£¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ´ó²¿·ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½å½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ñ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµã²¦ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½? ����,���ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªå¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�����ú½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½òªîªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä½ç¶è¶ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²¿î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½é´ë¿é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½àµ±ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ä°ï¿½ê¾òªï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ú½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ì±þ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½öµï¿½.�ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ïµä½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î·ç³ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ñ§ï°ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½é½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±£ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
���������������â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ßµï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í·í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ù¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¶ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï°ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ê¸ï¿½ï¿½
����ã¿ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½(ê±ï¿½ä¡¢ð§ï¿½ï¿½)�è¡ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½à¡±ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸¨µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê¹ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªêµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½è²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十七
时间的沙漏悄无声息地流失,转眼间四个多月的实习生活即将告一段落。在顶岗支教的过程中,我一直庆幸自己能够拥有顶岗实习的机会,并且能够分配到这所学校——魏县西康町中学。在这里我得到了很多锻炼自己的机会,学到了很多宝贵的教学经验和智慧,同时也更深刻地明白了“时间是检验真理的唯一标准”。抱着“将每一堂课都上成公开课”的态度,我珍惜每一次锻炼自我的机会,认真准备每一堂课,并且不断请教、思考、摸索,使自己在课堂导入技能、提问技能、板书技能、教学反馈技能等各方面都有了很大的收获。课堂教学不仅仅是老师机械式地向学生灌输知识的过程,而是一门需要不断探究的艺术。真正想要将四xx分钟的课堂上好,教师需要具备扎实的素质和高超的教育教学能力,掌握科学、有针对性的方法,同时也要注意很多细节处的关键性问题。我在自己的教学过程中总结了自己的方法和想法。
要充分体现学生的主体地位和教师的主导地位。在教学过程中,教师要将课堂归还给学生,这并不代表着教师的任务减轻了,而是需要老师潜心研究、不断创新,采用创造性的教学模式和丰富多样的教学手段来调动学生的学习积极性,让学生踊跃地参与到课堂思考、互动活动中,从而让学生手动、眼动、耳动、脑筋动起来。
老师在关注尖子生学习情况的同时也要照顾到中等生和学困生的学习状况,在设计课堂问题时、布置作业时,要有针对性地、分层设计问题、布置教学任务,从而让不同层次的学生都能够参与到课堂思考中,都能有所收获。
不时会有学生讲话或做小动作,我多采用“冷处理”的方法,边镇静地继续讲下去,边往他们身边走去。看到他们抬起头注意到我,我便用严厉的眼神瞪一瞪他们。他们也立刻意识到自己的错误,忙地下了头,认真听讲。对于其他课堂突发事件,我会用尊重、民主、宽容的态度,理智处理,让学生意识到自己的错误并学会为自己的行为负责。
短暂的实习生活让我学到了扎实的教学基本功,也让我明白了做好人民教师绝不能只会纸上谈兵,一定要实地躬行。实习生活让我获益匪浅,今后,我一定会严格要求自己,时刻为成为一名好老师而努力!
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十八
����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³â©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½û¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ìµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½óµï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµãµï¿½ï¿½ëºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü¶à±¦ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»û£ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¨ò»ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ã¿î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ã¿ò»ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ã¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼¼ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµè¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ñ¡£¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ðµê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx���óµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºí¸ß³ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½
����
����òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½í½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹é»¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½í·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ó»ô¾ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ê¦ï¿½ú¹ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²òªï¿½õ¹ëµï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµø¡ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬´ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½
����
������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ä´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾²µø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì§ï¿½ï¿½í·×¢ï¿½âµ½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ì¬ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ýµï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªêµï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½êµï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇十九
并以每个班级为授课单位,确定每周每班一节课,同时成立了以校长、副校长、教导主任、科研员为主的备课小组,并承担课堂教学任务。
1、课堂教学中,运用多种形式进行朗读,因为弟子规本身就具有韵律性,三字一句,很适合学生的诵读,所以在教学中,我们采用对对碰、同学接龙、师生接龙、男女对抗赛等形式进行诵读教学,让学生在朗读的过程中感悟其中所蕴含的道理,达到正心正身的教育目的。
2、采用现代信息技术与学科教学有机整合的方法进行辅助教学。
为此每节课我们都利用多媒体课件设计一些与教学内容相适应的故事、图片等,来帮助学生在理解所学内容的同时,增强了课堂教学的趣味,生动性,如在教读“斗闹场、绝勿进,邪僻事,绝勿问”时,在大屏幕上播放有关打仗斗殴、逃课去游戏厅、网吧等图片,告戒同学们这样的场所是不适合我们出入的,它会让我们染上不健康的坏习惯的。在教读“亲有疾,药先尝,昼夜侍,不离床”时,利用多媒体播放“汉文帝侍母的故事”引导同学们明白,不论你是什么样的身份,在父母面前你都是儿女,你必须无条件的孝敬他们。
3、课堂教学实现理论联系实际。
在每节课教学内容的讲解后,都设计一个师生自由讨论的环节,让学生联系学生活实际进行思考,集中讨论所学内容对我们今天学生的思想品质的形成有什么指导性作用,我们要以什么样的态度来对待、认识前人,目的是让学生学会吸收传统文化的精华,去其糟粕,用辩证的方法看待问题,也达到了对学牛分析问题能力的培养,与此同时,我们还将弟子规的内容与中学生守则、中学生日常行为规范联系起来教学,让学生在古圣贤的身上找到今天行为准则的影子,让学生明白与圣贤结朋友一样可以修身正德,同时也实现了课堂教学的师生互动、生生互动的有效达成,与新的教育理念相适应。
4、在弟子规课堂教学过程中,每班设立弟子规小助手,在每班选一名代表做教师的助手。利用上早课前20分钟组织全体同学朗读弟子规,晚课后20分钟背诵弟子规,平时检查同学们学习掌握弟子规的情况,这几名小助手工作认真负责,对教学效果的达成起到推动作用。
5、为了配合孝心教育课题研究,结合课堂教学需要,我们精心设计了“孝心教育”记实手册和孝心日调查表,一册一表记录了学生每周弟子规学习的收获,手册集学习性,趣味性于一身,也简单便于学生操作和教师的检查。
进行弟子规课堂教学,是为了完成“孝心教育”课题研究的需要,最终的目的是使学生能够实现自我教育、自我发展的目的,因此我们在进行弟子坪课堂教学的同时,设计了弟子规伴我行主题实践活动,学习弟子规自我感受师生座谈会,弟子规知识竞赛活动等丰富的系列活动。
1、弟子规伴我行主题实践活动,我们把课题组成员分成三个组,分别深入到各个班级中,参与主题实践活动的组织和设计工作,在活动中学生把自己学习弟子规的感悟表达的淋漓尽致,七年一的志书的星期天、七年二的、老师我错了、八年级的放学后的珊珊这些情景剧都从小事表现出了学习弟子规后学生在思想行为上的变化和进步,特别是八年级同学结合弟子规的学习自编了他们自己的在家弟子规、在校弟子规、交友弟子规、学习弟子规等现代弟子规,其内容包括的层面较广,思想积极进步,体现了同学们对弟子规的感悟之深,理解之透彻。
2、在学习弟子规自我感悟师生座谈会上,师生们分别谈f学习弟子规的所得,师生一致认为弟子规让师生在思想行为上都得了很好的教育,它教会了我们为人处事应格守的规范。学生表示,学习弟子规后,同学们的课堂纪律有了明显的变化,淘气的学生少了,听话的孩子多了,原来混乱的课堂秩序不见了,同学之间闹矛盾的少了,多得是同学间有谦有让的和谐气氛,特别是以前不学习的学生开始摸书动笔了,弟子规的学习调动了学生的学习积极性,培养了学生良好的道德品质和良好的个人习惯,与此同时,弟子规也增加了学生的文化内涵和爱国热情。
3、弟子规知识竞赛活动的开展,是对学生掌握弟子规、践行弟子规的测试,活动按学年分四组,七年一组,七年二组,八年一组,八年二组竞赛分笔试和现场竞赛两部分。
笔试部分成绩是:七年一组81分;七年二组94分;八年一组76分;八年二组74分,各组的笔试成绩将作为现场竞赛的基粗。
现场竞赛部分我们设计了五个环节,分别从不同层面对学生的学习、掌握、运用等方面进行了测试,通过活动我们可以看到,学生对弟子规的掌握,运用都很到位,充分的说明了课堂教学的目标的达成,竞赛最终以七年二248分;护八年一228分;七年一221分:八年二197分结束,七年二成为本次活动的冠军。
由于我校是初次开展这样正式的传统文化教育活动,因此在教学中不可避免的还存在着许多问题。
1、有时为赶进度,课堂内容容量大,学生不能当课消化所学内容,为理解和运用弟子规增加了困难。
2、没能有效的与更多的学科进行整合,缺少与各学科间的相辅教学,使教学手段显得比较单一。
3、课堂教学结构的设计缺乏创新,只停留在期初的固定形式中了,在不同程度上制约了教学质量。
4、各种活动的开展,在组织时经验不足,使结果显的不够完美。
1、在下学期对八、九年级同学继续诵读弟子规内容,巩固掌握所学内容,引导学生在日常学习、生活中运用弟子规、践行弟子规、奉行弟子规,使教学环节逐渐完善。
2、对七年级新生开设弟子规课堂教学,因为这些新生在小学期间没有学习弟子规,在入中学后对其行为习惯须进行养成教育。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二十
��������ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¼¶îªï¿½ú¿îµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����2�������ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����îªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°æ§ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø´ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,����������è¾ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï°ï¿½ßµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ú½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò©ï¿½è³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´²ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½å²¥ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ã¶¼ï¿½ç¶ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����3�����ã½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµêµï¿½ê¡ï¿½
������ã¿ï¿½ú¿î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ç°ï¿½ë£ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ´ï¿½í³ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ò²ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ñ§å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ê¥ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¥ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½í¬ê±ò²êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
����4���úµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°20������ö¯è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½,���îºï¿½20���ó±ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ£¬æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¸ºï¿½ð£¬¶ô½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����5��îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¢ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ð¢ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ð¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ö²á¼¯ñ§ï°ï¿½ô£ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½òµ¥±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¼ï¿½é¡£
�������ðµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ð¢ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½è·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¼¶ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ä·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºéºï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ç¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ïµä±ä»¯ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼òµï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ¡¢ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ã£¬ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ôµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ö±ï¿½ì¸fñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºüºãµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¹æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ô�����òµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²»¼ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½í¬ñ§ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¬ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµäºï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����3�����ó¹ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
�������ô²ï¿½ï¿½ö³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½81�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½94�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½76�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½74�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ô³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
�����ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½248�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»228�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»221�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½197�ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»î¶¯ï¿½ä¹ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ð£ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä´ï¿½í³ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����1����ê±îªï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½
����2��ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¸¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ôµã±è½ïµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ö»í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�����ö»î¶¯ï¿½ä¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½ã£¬ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1������ñ§ï¿½ú¶ô°ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ£¬ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����2�������꼶����������ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二十一
在推进新课改的大潮中,我们一直在思考这样几个问题:像xx中这样一个由企业脱胎划转的学校,怎样才能既保留原有优点(课业负担轻),又能大面积提升教学质量(高质量),以追赶名校、强校?薄弱学校或普通学校怎样才能凭借“弯道超越”战略后发制人?提高教学质量的关键在于课堂,但是理想的课堂应是怎样的?传统的课堂为什么失去了续存的土壤?怎样才能真正构建轻负高质的高效课堂?
经过深思,我们支部一班人果断提出:xx中的教改教研总课题即高效课堂。围绕构建高效课堂调整三大理念:即教学理念、管理理念、教研理念。调整三大行为:集体备课行为、教学行为、教研教改行为。一切围绕高效课堂改革、改进、改善,一切围绕高效课堂评议、评价、评比,实现课堂效益上的根本突破。
我们认为,构建高效课堂模式,切实提高课堂效率,认识是前提,理论是先导。只有认识到位了,行为才能到点。为提高广大教师思想认识,增强理论素养,切实转变陈旧教学观,我校采取得力措施,加大对教师的培训力度,建立了科学有效、富有特色的校本培训机制。
一是开展校本培训活动。学校下发新课程改革书刊:《走进新课程》《课程标准》《实用教学新法》《素质教育指要》《新课程教学法》,并从《中国教育报》等专业报刊上剪辑优秀文章,复印下发,人手一份,指定时间和地点让教师认真研读,要求人人谈体会,个个写感想。同时要求干部、教师做到“六个一”:即每学期读一本管理专著,做一本学习笔记,参加一项课题研究,写一篇不少于20xx字的教研论文,做一次教育讲座,发表一篇文章。以此督促引导广大教师增强课改意识,转变教学观念,树立新的教育理念。
二是举办理论讲座。俗话说“火车跑得快,全靠车头带”,为促使广大教师迅速转变观念,校长除带头学习外,还亲自举办教育思想、教育法律法规、教育方针政策、素质教育理论等讲座,教育教职工增强法律意识,树立现代教育观、学生观、人才观和质量观。由分管校长、教导主任、教科室主任针对平时教育教学中存在问题,利用教师寒暑假学习时间、例会时间、政治业务学习时间,向老师们选择介绍一些教育教学技法和科研方法。每次活动要求教师做好笔记,教科室定期检查,暑期学习结束,还要求教师每人写一篇论文,今年暑假全校每位老师均写了一篇有关高效课堂的论文,并组织专家评选,评出优秀论文32篇。
三是请专家进来,送教师出去。几年来我们先后聘请华师大郭元祥教授、教科所安良海所长、xx区田家炳中学高慧明老师、教研室各科教研员等十几位专家到我校举行教育思想、教育理论、和教育教学技法讲座;派骨干教师、学科带头人分别到江苏洋思中学、南京东庐中学、山东杜郎口中学等教育改革发达地区,学习先进教改经验,认真观摩高效课堂。同时,凡寒暑假举办的国家、省、市级课改培训,我们都要求教师必须参加,不得请假,更不许缺席。几年来,我校投入十几万元的经费,先后派出60余人次参加全国及省市教育、教研部门组织的通识培训和学科培训。
四是大力实施“青蓝工程”。学校安排师徒“结对子”,认真开展“五个一”活动。即每天互看一次教案;互相指出一个缺点;每周互听一节课;互相交流一次教学心得;期末写一篇活动小结。让老教师搞好传、帮、带,将青年教师扶上马再送上一程。通过培训,一大批青年教师迅速成长起来。青年教师刘用哲在老教师培训指导下,教学水平和能力迅速提高,在xx年9月举行的全国语文电教课大赛中,他过关斩将,荣获国家二等奖,全市唯一,全省仅二人。青年教师石玉莲在有经验教师指导下成熟很快,在全省政治课说课大赛中力挫群雄,勇获一等奖第一名,并将代表xx省参加全国说课大赛。青年教师xx、xx经过老教师辛勤栽培,茁壮成长起来,在全省英语说课讲课大赛中均获一等奖,xx还被评为xx市“十大教育人物”,xx被评为省优秀教师。cc、cc等青年教师在老教师言传身教下,进步很快,在市“三大比武”活动中均获一等奖。xx、xx还被教育局聘请为送教下乡“讲师团”成员。
通过学习和培训,使广大教师形成了如下共识:要想真正推进新课改,必须摒弃传统观念树立以学生为本的教育思想,必须建立以学生自主、体验、探究、合作为基础的课堂教学模式,给学生较大的时空自主权,必须是也只能是教师以引导者、参与者、合作者的身分和学生共同学习。如果说课堂是培养学生的熔炉,那么先进的教学理念就是点燃熔炉的希望之火。
深入的学习换得的是先进的理念,那么如何将理论与实践有机地结合又成了xx中领导和老师面临的一个新课题。俗话说“台上一分钟,台下十年功”,要想落实课改,真正提高课堂效率,教案是蓝本,备课是关键,因为备课是常规教学的重要环节,是教师实施课堂教学的事先策划,是使课堂教学具有高效的根本保证,也是减轻学生课业负担的前提。为此,学校扎实开展了以集体备课带动课堂教学活动,活动每周一次,常抓不懈,并坚持“实际、实效、实用”原则,总结出集体备课的“四三二二一”模式,即:
抓住“四环节”,规范集体备课流程:即布置任务确定主备—深钻教材初写教案—集中讨论达成共识——精心修改设计详案。
搞好“三结合”,明确集体备课原则:即与新课标新理念相结合;与集思广益相结合;与课堂高效相结合。
选准“两个切入点”,注重集体备课科学性:a、以集体为重。用集体的智慧打造智慧的集体。具体做到“四定”:定时间、定地点、定集体备课内容,定中心发言人;“五统”:统一单元教学目标,统一重点、难点,统一课时分配和进度,统一作业布置和三维训练,统一单元检测;“六备”:备课标、备教材、备学情、备教学手段、备教法、备学法;“七点”:重点、难点、知识点、能力点、可考点、易错点、德育点; b、以学生为主体。每次集体备课必探讨一种学生容易接受,易于掌握的教学方法,力争使90%以上学生理解掌握,并有所收获。”
设计“两套训练题”,注重集体备课实效性。为保证课堂教学效果,集体备课还必须精心设计“两题”,即课堂作业题和课外拓展题,要求不布置死记硬背的、机械训练题,不布置重复性、繁难偏旧题。备课人要根据课堂教学内容,精心选择和设计有针对性的、带有启发性、思考性、选择性、层次性的课堂作业;同时,要精心选择和设计与课堂教学有关的、紧密联系生活实际的课外拓展题,以便学生进行课外训练,让学生学以致用,提高其思维能力和实际操作能力。
建立“一天一检查制度”。为将精讲精练落在实处,教务处每周检查一次集体备课情况,每天派专人检查备课组所备作业情况及学生作业批改情况。检查情况一天一记载,一天一通报,一月一汇总。以检查促落实,真正实现精讲精练,也切实减轻了学生的课业负担。
扎实的集体备课活动,充分的课前准备,无疑为高效课堂递送了一碗可口的“高汤”。
在备好课的基础上,为使教师上好课,我们要求教师在课堂教学中做到“五点”:
一是要合理创设情境,激发学生学习的兴趣,帮助学生理解教材内容,加深印象,唤醒全体学生的认知系统,拓展思维,成为学习的主人,从而提高教学效率。二是把时空留给学生,使学生自觉研学。因为求知过程“自主化”可提高课堂教学效率。教学实践证明,学生自主学习的愿望是强烈的,学生主动发展的潜力是无穷的,一堂课教师一定要留给学生充分自主学习的时间和空间。这就要求教师树立强烈的学生意识,把学习的权利和探索的时空留给学生,让学生自己选择学习的方式,设计活动方案,安排学习程序,通过观察、操作、猜测、思考、讨论、验证等多种活动,在研学中获取知识,同时,形成自己自主学习的能力和刻苦钻研精神。为了还时间给学生,我们甚至明确规定每门学科每节课教师讲授时间不得超过20分钟,否则视为违规、不达标。三是渗透学法指导,使学生善学。良好的学习方法,是学好知识的前提和保证,并能达到“事半功倍”的效果。教师在教学中要以身示范,明确要求,使学生在潜移默化中获得学习方法。如在解应用题时,教师要组织学生讨论从何想起?怎么想?怎么做的?让学生从讨论中领悟方法,进行学法交流,比一比谁的方法好,让学生之间取长补短,形成良好的学习习惯。四是变教师讲述为学生操作。以前课堂教学普遍存在的问题是:第一讲风太盛,教师唯恐讲不够;第二华而不实,没有突出以操作为始头的思维活动。而操作是思维的起点,认知的来源,也是认识事物的开端。所以我们要求课堂中教师要鼓励人人动手,人人操作,通过自己摆一摆、拼一拼、量一量的活动去发现规律,通过动手、动脑、动口多种感官参与学习活动,不但使学生掌握学科学习方法,而且能加深理解,学以致用,有很大好处。五是变个人学习为合作交流。合作学习作为对传统教学组织形式的一种突破和补充,已经被教师越来越广泛地运用于以学生发展为本的课堂教学之中,这也是新一轮课程改革所倡导的自主、探索与合作的学习方式。
在讲课方面,我们根据学校的实情,规定中青年教师上研究课,老教师上常态课,青年教师开展好“四个一”活动。即每位45周岁以下的青年教师精心设计一份信息技术与学科教学整合的优秀教案,自制一个课件,写一份说课稿,上一节信息技术与学科教学整合的汇报课;教研组组织好说课、听课、议课、评课等研讨交流活动,互相切磋,共同提高;以活动为载体,为抓手,促进信息技术的管理与应用。
同时组织中老年教师开展多媒体应用交流活动。每位45周岁以上中老年教师要积极利用多媒体设备和资源在多媒体教室上课,组织应用比较好的教师在多媒体教师讲示范课;每学期要求每位教师每学期讲一节公开课,并自觉接受大家评判。
在评课上,我们实行“三三制”:一是“三个结合”,即个体钻研与集体备课结合,个体实践与集体评课结合,个体反思与集体研讨结合;二是“三看”:即一看学生兴趣激发没有,学生积极参与没有(眼、手、心动了没有);二看教师营造了学习情境没有,拨动了学生学习的兴奋点没有;三看教学机智,看教师有没有应变能力 。三是评课谈“三点”,即说出两个优点,指出一条缺点。我们鼓励教师积极参加听课、评课活动,教研组长做好活动记录。每学期每位教师听课、评课节数不少于10节,学校中层以上领导不少于20节。教研组组织好说课、听课、议课、评课等研讨交流活动,真诚合作,互相切磋,共同提高。
个人的智慧是有限的,众人的智慧才是无穷尽的,通过听课、评课,大家能经常在一起交流,通过交流促使每个人都明确了一堂好课的标准,明白了自己的不足,也学习了别人的长处,并不断改进自己,真正提高了课堂效率。 通过评课也浓化研究氛围,突显研究特色,提高了教研组的整体研究能力与教学水平。如果说扎实的备课活动为高效课堂准备了一碗“高汤”,那么讲课与评课有机的结合,领导与教师、教师与教师、教师与学生之间充分交流,则为高效课堂添加了一剂美味的“佐料”。
为提高教学效率,我们在讲课评课基础上,深入开展了两大模式研究,即探究式、启发式、讨论式课堂教学模式研究和主动、快乐的学法指导模式研究,并将研究成果尽快在各学科中大力推广,使其惠及“三全”,即全部学科、全体学生、全段授教时间。
几年来,我校各学科教研组、备课组“天天奏响主旋律,周周交流一心得”,根据“问题课题化,课题常规化”的原则,每天结合平时教学工作中出现的课堂教学问题随时随地进行研讨总结,共同探讨最优教学方法、最佳课堂教学模式。我校九年级数学组将“大容量、高强度”的课堂教学作为教改专题,如九年级章军涛老师从初一就开始训练一节课要讲三个例题,升入九年级后,一节课最多可讲四个例题,学生思维活跃,积极参与,愉快合作,大大提高了课堂效率 。今年数学教研组还主动申报了市级课题《初中数学有效课堂教学模式的研究》。八年级数学组为提高课堂效率,一改过去填鸭式教学方式,实施“目标教学”,从“变式训练”环节着力突破,如陶老师每讲一道题之前,先自己把该题所有解法找出来,再请教其他老师这一题其他解法,然后再去指导学生,收到较好效果,市直学校统考,该学科综合指数名列市直学校前茅。我校语文组一改过去单一的或读或讲或写的教学模式,而采用复合性教学模式,并结合实际,总结出“创设情境、激趣导入---初读课文、整体感知—再读课文、合作探究—小结归纳、当堂检测—课外延伸、拓展训练”的课堂教学模式,增加了课堂容量,提高了课堂效率。我校地理学科在中考复习备考中总结出了符合自身特点的“读图—悟文—训练”三步教学模式,变抽象为形象,避免了“死记硬背”“简单重复”“反复刺激”“条件反射”等填鸭式教学方式,让学生多角度、多层次把握知识,形成能力。每年中考,我校地理学科综合指数大都名列市直学校前三名。政治学科开展“引导--探究”课题研究,总结出“点-读-记-练-评-结”六步复习法,收到良好复习效果,连续几年中考,该科综合指数均名列市直学校前茅。每到中考前夕,全市慕名而来的学校不计其数,纷纷拜访马英、胡红莲、石玉莲等优秀地理、政治老师,有效提高了学校知名度。我们根据文科学科互通特点,将此模式借鉴到语文、历史、地理课堂复习课中,均收到良好效果。
在提炼课堂结构模式的同时,我们还进行了学生学习模式的研究。因为学生是学习的主体,教是为了学生的学。为此,我们遵循学生心理发展规律和认知发展规律,构建学生的学习模式,培养学生学习习惯。一是构建学生课堂主动学习模式。它适应于师生互动式课堂教学,其结构是:科学预习,超前定向——专心听讲,解难破疑——主动参与,有所发现——独立思考,分析归纳——及时复习,反馈校正。二是课堂自主学习模式,它适应以自学为中心的课堂教学。其结构是:教师引导,目标定向——教师指导,尝试自学——教师辅导,质疑解难——教师启发,归纳总结——教师监督,自测自评——教师帮助,补缺达标。课外自主学习模式是复习、运用模式。其结构是:尝试回顾——阅读补漏——疏理归纳——练习巩固——迁移运用——综合自测。为使学生掌握和运用以上学习模式,我们通过开设学法指导课,或利用班会进行学法指导,或学科教学中渗透学法指导等形式,对学生进行学习方法的讲授和学习能力的训练,从而培养了学生的良好学习习惯,有效的提高了学生的学习能力。
可以说优化课堂结构,科学总结提炼高效率的课堂教学模式和学生学习模式,已经惠及到全体学生、全部学科、全段授课时间,既减轻了学生负担,使学生乐学、善学,学有余力,学有所长,又提高了教学质量,提升了学校形象,收到良好的办学效益:
一是一批批初中毕业生成为省、市重点高中的“抢手货”,自1990年以来,毕业生通过高中进一步培养,考取清华大学8人,北大2人,复旦4人中科大12人,武大、华科等一类重点大学每年都在20余人,我校被四中、五中视为最有发展潜力的重点生源学校;二是学习研究、总结提高也取得丰硕的教研成果:几年来参加各级各类教学技能竞赛和教研论文比赛,共有100余人次获奖。xx等20多位老师论文在国家、省级刊物上发表;张学军、刘用哲参加全国电教课比赛分获一、二等奖;石玉莲、陈丹参加全省说课和优质课大赛均获一等奖;xx、xx等老师在市级优质课比赛中获一等奖,xx、xx等老师因教研教改工作成效突出,先后被评为“xx省优秀教师”。教研课题有三个完成结题工作,并被评为优秀课题组,今年又新争取到五个立题项目,并开展研究;数学竞赛,一个省二等奖,六个市一等奖,xx、xx市一等奖;90多名教师利用暑假写高效课堂的论文,总体来讲,论文质量高,一批论文将送市教科所评奖。学校也被教科所评为“市教育科研先进单位”,“市教改实验基地学校”;三是特长教育成果显著:由于构建了高效课堂,实现了轻负高质,一批学有余力的同学积极参加各种兴趣小组并定期开展的活动,活动做到经常化、持久化,也取得了丰硕成果,几年来先后有160多名学生参加市科技发明竞赛活动,其中有60多人次获市一、二等奖,今年暑假组队10人参加尚德杯中学生创意大赛或团体一等奖,个人有6人获一等奖,4人获二等奖,校长及辅导老师分获创新型校长证书及创新型教师证书。学校舞蹈班学生连续八届参加黄鹤美育节活动获一个金奖,七个银奖,为学校乃至xx争得了荣誉,学校被评为“全国课外文体活动先进单位”、 “市快乐校园工程实验学校”。学校其他工作也成效突出,先后被评为“信息技术教育试点学校”“综合治理先进学校”,“市级文明单位”“党建工作先进单位”。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二十二
�������æ½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸äµä´ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½xx������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ì¥ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô���åµã£¨ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½è¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ê§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½
����������ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx�ðµä½ì¸ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½â¼´ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½î§ï¿½æ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ä¸ï¡¢ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½êµï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����
����������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ã¡£îªï¿½ï¿½ß¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµ×ªï¿½ï¿½â¾é½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ç¿ï¿½õ¹ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¿¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½íµøµï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£í¬ê±òªï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ñ§ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ê¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20xx�öµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ô´ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
�������ç¾ù°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµã¿ì£¬è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ñ§ï°ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ù°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµè½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ë²å¹ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½é·ö¹ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î»î¶¯òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ê¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ð£ã¿î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ð¹ø¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½32æªï¿½ï¿½
����������ר�ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½æ¸ï¿½ë»ªê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx����ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½î»×¨ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ç¸é½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ´ï¿½í·ï¿½ë·ö±ðµ½½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ä¾ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¾ù°ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£í¶ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½60���ë´î²î¼ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½í¨ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½
�������ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ªõ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ì»¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ã£»ã¿ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ð´ò»æªï¿½î¶¯ð¡ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ¸ï¿½ù³é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñµö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx��9�â¾ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ì¿î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½î¨ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½è«ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ëµï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xxê¡ï¿½î¼ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦xx��xx�����ï½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ê¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx������îªxx�ð¡ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡±ï¿½ï¿½xx����îªê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½cc��cc�������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡±ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx��xx����������æ¸ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½,���뽨����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½,��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨,������ò²ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½è¼ï¿½ï¿½â¯ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx���쵼����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½×»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ê¹¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½î¸ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½á¡£îªï¿½ë£ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½êµï¿½ê¡ï¿½êµð§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ã¡ï¿½ô���ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½îµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ץס���ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä³ï¿½ð´ï¿½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û´ï¿½é¹ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê°¸ï¿½ï¿½
������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò£º¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ë¼¯ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����ñ¡×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½î¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ô£ï¿½a���ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»û´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ûµä¼ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£¬í³ò»ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã£¬í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµã¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã¡¢öªê¶ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£» b����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ã¿ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½î±ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹90%����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ñ¡£¡ï¿½
������æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½ï¿½êµð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½â£¬òªï¿½ó²»²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¹øµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½êµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ô±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ë¼ï¿½é±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������êµï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½î»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¿ï¿½ç°×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é¿úµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ú±ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½îªê¹ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ïºã¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó£¬»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµä£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¿î½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¿õ¼ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²â¡¢ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ö»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð»ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë»ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½æ¶¨ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ú¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä²»ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20���ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªî¥ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°ë¹¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·òªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û´óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë£¿ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·½·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë�ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½õ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦î¨ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê¼í·ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¡ï¿½æ´ò»æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ð¹ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ðºü´ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô´ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½æºí²ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ã·ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¿î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú½ï¿½ï¿½î·ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é£¬ï¿½æ¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï³ï¿½ì¬ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î»45�������âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î¸å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä»ã±¨ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´è£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ô»î¶¯îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬îª×¥ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î»45���������������ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ó¦ï¿½ã±è½ïºãµä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ã¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ã¿î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ã¿ñ§ï¿½ú½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
�����������ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼¯ï¿½å±¸ï¿½î½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·´ë¼ï¿½ë¼¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦óªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¾³ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·üµï¿½ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����������ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµã£¬ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½10�ú£ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20�ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´è£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
�������ëµï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ç»û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾¡ï¿½ä£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ãºã¿îµä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ò²ñ§ï°ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ëµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ä½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½î»î¶¯îªï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����îªï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªõ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¹ã£¬ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ý¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ¡ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡£
��������������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½äµã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³£ï¿½æ»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô��ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½öµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é½«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ì¸ï¿½×¨ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ó³ï¿½ò»ï¿½í¿ï¿½ê¼ñµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ ��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä¹ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½â·¨ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·¨ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ñ§ð£í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ñ§ð£ç°ã©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä¹ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½²»ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½---�������ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ñ§ð£ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½--ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½-��-��-��-��-�ᡱ������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï°ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ñ§ð£ç°ã©ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ç°ï¦ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·×°ý·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ»ï¿½í¨ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������ã½á¹¹ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ññ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ª¡ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¶¨ï¿½ò¡ª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½à¶½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä£ê½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ø¹ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ô²â¡£îªê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ëµï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½êµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ý¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ¡ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½è¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä°ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½æ£º
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1990����������òµï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½å»ªï¿½ï¿½ñ§8�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4���ð¿æ´ï¿½12�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢»ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ã¿ï¿½ê¶¼ï¿½ï¿½20���ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½õ¹ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²è¡ï¿½ã·ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ð³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½100���ë´î»ñ½±¡ï¿½xx��20��î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²î¼ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½è«ê¡ëµï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¿î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx��xx����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx��xx����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì¸ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½xxê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½â¹¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx��xx��ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½90������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì¸ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ð¡ï¿½é²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ë¶ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½160����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¿æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½60���ë´î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½10�ë²î¼ï¿½ï¿½ðµâ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6�ë»ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4�ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½é¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ê¦ö¤ï¿½é¡£ñ§ð£ï¿½èµ¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½î¼ó»æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½±£ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx������������ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ð§í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二十三
数学课堂教学的有效性,是指在数学课堂教学中,教师通过多媒体或自制的教具等多种教学手段,采取有效的教学方法,让学生通过自主学习、小组合作学习、探究性学习等多种方式掌握数学知识,促进学生知识与技能,过程与方法,情感、态度、价值观三维目标的协调发展,不断提高课堂效率和课堂效益。
1、教学目标准确、教学中是否达成目标是衡量有效课堂教学第一标准。有效课堂是实现教学目标达成的课堂,强烈的目标意识是有效教学的基础,教师对新课程教学目标及课堂教学目标把握得越好,教学就越有效。所以,我认为准确确定一节数学课的教学目标并加以完成是一节课有效的第一标准。
2、教学内容的选择和优化是实现课堂教学有效性的关键因素。
教学中包括三要素:学生、教师、教学内容。现行的教材与以前的教材相比,许多教学内容都进行了调整,这更加适合学生的年龄特征,适合学生的发展,学生对知识的掌握也更加有层次性,学生学起来也更加轻松、更加有兴趣。
1、课前激趣的有效性。在许多公开课时,时常会看见课前教师要求学生静息,教师等待上课铃声上课,我在上课时,充分利用了这几分钟的时间,在开课前就揭发了学生学习的兴趣,让学生提前进入学习状态。如在上《圆的认识》时,我在网上找了许多漂亮的自行车让学生观察,学生的兴趣得到了提前揭发。
2、课堂情境创设的有效性。情境创设容易调动学生的情感、激发学生的创新思维,点烯学生的智慧的火花。情境创设要体现以下三个特征:一、趣味性。情境创设有没有趣味是这节课开课的关键,如在上《分数的再认识》时,我用多媒体设计了猪八戒分西瓜的故事,在上《统计》时,我安排了教师投球游戏等。这样创设情境,让学生在趣味中思考、发现数学知识。二、针对性。创设出好的情境,可以引起学生的共鸣,引导学生展开丰富的想象。三、可操作性。创设的情境要贴近学生生活,让学生利用生活知识感悟数学内涵。如在上《人民币的认识》,我设计了同学们在商场内购物的情境,让学生学习数学从生活中来,到生活中去。
3、课堂质疑的有效性。课堂质疑是小学数学教学中进行启发式教学的一种主要形式,是“有效教学的核心”。在数学课堂中,为了激发学生提问的积极性,教师可根据教学内容和学生的实际,不断变换表达的,如:猜一猜,老师要提出什么问题;你是智慧老人,你会提出什么数学问题;你是老师,你会提出什么有价值的数学问题;你知道些什么,你还需要解决什么问题,请你对大家谈一谈;你发现了什么?你对这人问题有什么疑问吗等多种激发学生兴趣的数学问题,让学生主动思考,让学生主动质疑,点燃学生智慧的火花,不断提高学生的思维和创新能力。
4、课堂全面关注学生的有效性。教学有效性追求的应该是所有学生共同、全面的发展,让学生利用生活中的数学来探究、解决实际问题。
①课堂内容要贴近学生生活。在现行的教材中,有许多知识都与学生生活非常贴近,我们在课堂教学中,要充分利用学生的日常生活知识,让学生学习数学从生活中来,到生活中去,要让学生主动收集数学资料,如我在上《百分数》时,让学生自己收集百分数的知识,采用汇报的形式,用身边的数学进行教学。
②课堂要善于捕捉闪光点。课堂教学的过程充满了变数,预设和结果往往不完全吻合,课堂中学生会出现许多意想不到的质疑,甚至会提出许多怪问题,这就要求教师具有一定的教学应变能力,教师要善于抓住学生的闪光点,并给予解决,在课堂教学中不扼杀学生的智慧,让学生有充分的表现欲望,激发学生的创造力和想象力。
③课堂要让每个学生得到发展。在课堂教学中,教师要充分利用小组合作学习和多媒体教学调节课堂氛围,让学生主动去探究知识。小组合作学习和多媒体教学调节课堂氛围,让学生主动去探究知识,小组合作学习时,每个小组要做到既分工又合作,要让每位同学发挥出作用。
5、课堂时间安排的有效性。课堂教学中的时间能否得到充分利用是课堂教学是否有效的前提。在课堂教学中,教师要合理分配教学时间,一般的教学课堂应分为情境创新、揭示课题,整个课堂质疑,师生探究知识过程,层次练习,学生小结,学生对这节课学完后质疑,当然教师也可根据学生的具体情况作调整,一节课合理地安排时间,才能保证课堂教学的有效性的实施。
6、课堂教学要素融合的有效性。课堂教学的要素包括教学目标、教学内容、教学过程、教学方式、教学手段等,只有使各个要素从不同的角度综合发挥作用,有机融合,相辅相成,形成有效的教学综合力,才能形成有效的课堂教学。
7、课堂评价的有效性。对学生进行评价是使学生不断认识自我、发展自我、完善自我,不断实现预定发展目标。在课堂评价中我主要采用了真诚的言语鼓励评价:如很好,很棒,不错,会动脑筋,真精彩,棒、棒、棒、你真棒等;多彩的视觉刺激评价:如在黑板上评红旗,画笑脸娃娃,在黑板上画上花篮等;温馨的体态暗示评价:如对表现好的孩子竖起大拇指无声的示意;孩子回答完问题后,与之握握手、摸摸他的头、对他进行肯定或安慰。通过评价,让学生感到成功的喜悦,提高了学生学习的兴趣。
8、课堂练习的有效性。课堂练习是巩固新知的重要手段,是学生运用知识解决问题的体现,是教师反馈教学效果的重要途径,教师要根据学生的个体差异,设计练习时要体现层次性,以适应不同知识水平的学生,使不同的学生得到发展。
9、课后反思的有效性。有效在于需要教师具备一种反思的意识。每节课后,教师一定要注重反思,并作好教学随笔,不断提高自己的教育教学能力。
总之,课堂教学的有效性是在教学过程中实现基本教学目标的基础上,追求更大的教学效率与教学效益。通过有效的课堂教学培养学生学习的兴趣、学习意识、自我教育能力和教学素养,为学生的可持续发展打下坚实的基础,实现学生道德品质、审美情趣、创新精神、实践能力等综合素质的全面提高。因此,在小学数学课堂教学中教师要科学地把握新课标的基本理念,努力提高课堂教学的有效性。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二十四
����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬×ªï¿½û¼ä£¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½üºãµï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¿ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ü½á¾ï¿½é£¬îªê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ô±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ç²ï¿½ð¸×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½è¡±ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½å·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½
����
����������ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½î»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½õ¶ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¿î±ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������ú¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬¾ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡¢òªï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªöªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½à³¤ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ì¶è¡ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½åµ½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ì¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ó¡¢½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����
�������ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½øµã¡¢öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ì¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ç°ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¿õ¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½çºüºãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½á¢¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·¢ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½×¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½×²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì§ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§
������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½â»·ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½æ«ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä²ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½äµèµè¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢åªï¿½å¡¢åªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.������ï°ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ð±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ø¹ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¡£
����
�����������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶è¥ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµäµï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�ú±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶¼è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½,�������ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����������çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö»×¥ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬òªê¹ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶¼ï¿½üµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ó¦å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二十五
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä½ì¾ßµè¶ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ì¬ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½êºí¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½æ¡£
����
����1����ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ô½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª×¼è·è·ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ôµä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ä½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1����ç°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¹«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½í½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������龳�������ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï©ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ûµä»ð»¨¡ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¿ï¿½ï¿½îµä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½í³ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê¦í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì³ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½
����3���������éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½îªï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ä»»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ð¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ò»ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¼ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ûµä»ð»¨£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4������è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�����ù¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ù·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ù·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½çºï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½öµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½í¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ì½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½í¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ì½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê±ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ö¹ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ã¿î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����5������ê±ï¿½ä°²ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ä£¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½á£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò²ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ôµï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½
����6�����ã½ï¿½ñ§òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶îµè£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø´ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ûºï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½úºï£ï¿½ï¿½à¸¨ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����7���������ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ä¿ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºã£ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¶¯ï¿½ô½î£¬ï¿½æ¾«ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ì¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½öºãµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����8��������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªí¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ê±òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬öªê¶ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����9���îºï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ß±ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ú¿îºó£¬½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ø·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½æ¡£í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½êµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二十六
时间过的真快,转眼间,一年的教学工作又接近了尾声。我能认真执行学校教育教学工作计划,转变思想,积极探索,改革教学,收到很好的效果。为了克服不足,总结经验,为使今后的工作取得更大的进步,使今后的工作更上一层楼,现对本学年教学工作总结如下:打造真实,高效的课堂教学是我们每一位老师共同追求的目标,如何提高自己的教学效率,使得学生能够及时的掌握每一课时的教学内容,并通过实践加以掌握,也是教师们不懈追求的目标之一,因此,在本学年的历史的教学中,我认真的学习了学校关于“高效课堂建设”的具体方案,在实际工作中,基本做到了:
这个环节,我认为在本次活动中,我把握都很到位,紧扣课标,而且语言精炼,简洁明了地让学生能快速明确本节课的学习任务。
我们在高效课堂培训的时候,就学习过如何制定自学指导。自学指导中要明确四个方面的内容:自学的内容、方法、时间、要求。也就是要知道学什么,怎么学,学多长时间,最后学到什么程度。前三点,我基本上都能做到,而且能具体到是看一看,画一画,写一写。但是最后一点,关于学到什么程度,对学的结果的要求提得不够明确。要求就略显宽松、模棱两可,学生在看书之后、交流之前不清楚自己究竟学得怎么样。所以今后我要明确提出怎么检查。
根据教学内容的特点、知识的难易程度、我采用了课前或课上或二者结合的自学,并把课前预习作为一种自学的主要方式。围绕本节课的重点和的难点进行设计预习提纲或自学提示,让它成为学生自学的一条线索、一个拐杖。通过预习或自学,使得学生学会一半的东西。
在学生“先学”的环节,我做到了,给足时间和空间,给学生思维和体验的过程,有过程就是很好的学习。一般不过早做裁判,做好军师,静观其变,运筹帷幄。并不时的巡视在学生间发现各种“问题”,尤其是关注“差生”。在先学阶段,让学生“板演”,展示错误,课堂是允许犯错误的地方,知错改错,就是进步,抓住底部,整体抬高。先学环节不仅只包含看书,还包含检测。看书的时候,老师要提前把要求讲明白,看完书,我基本做到了,不要讲,直接做题。出现错误后再去说明白。需要讲解、强调的部分到题里结合具体题目在学生纠错的过程中进行说明。
我首先是学生先来纠正,即“兵教兵”,所有的学生都不会,然后才是老师纠正。除此之外,启发我尽量做到恰到好处,画龙点睛,点在要害处、点在模糊处、点在容易出错处、点在学生自己解决不了的地方。
在教学中,我有机的将自学检测和讨论更正结合起来,避免两张皮、两条线。从某种意义上说,自学
提示就是课堂教学的一条主线。在自学检测环节,针对学生出现的各种各样的情况、各种各样的见解,错误的、偏差的、理解的不深刻的不全面的等等。及时的交流讨论、更正纠错,抓住我们倡导的精讲的大好时机。尽量做到讲在知识的重点处、难点处、易混淆处。
做好练习,在学生真正理解、弄清、弄懂的前提下,根据学生消化和吸收的情况做好练习,给足练习的量.,在练习中课堂训练做到有节奏,有效率,有变化,有反馈,作业做到面批面改,课堂结束最终回归目标。
这尤其对学习基础差的学生,付出了更多的爱心和辛苦,对差生的辅导工作自己始终没有放弃过,常为他们做耐心的辅导,帮助他们卸去思想上的包袱,帮助他们树立自信,看到他们的点滴进步,自己感到是那么欣慰。因此,在本学期的教学工作中,在各方面都取得了一定的成绩,并完成了学校部署的各项任务。
它并不是单一的只抓教学的工作,它涉及到教育的方方面面,要使每一个孩子在各方面都能得到锻炼和发展,就必须重视教育的其它方面。学生不仅要会学习,更要学会怎样做人,因此,在教学中,我更注重渗透思想品德素质的教育。德育是一门科学,教师工作一应努力向科学化迈进。
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二十七
������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã²ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£º
������ê¦ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ç°ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¸ä¸ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ðµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ó¿ï¿½ö³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸é½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20xx�â°ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½â°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½î¼ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºí¾ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½è·æ¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ðºã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ð£ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ãµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ñ³ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ã£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡±¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ôµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½è¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ã¿ò»î»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½öµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½öµä»ï¿½ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬æ½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ë½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼í¬ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ä»ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¼ï¿½ô´ï¿½ú½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½î¨ï¿½ì²ä¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20xx�â°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿¼ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä¼ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ç¾þ´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½òµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½öºí¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¸å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï½«ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
课堂教学工作总结与反思篇二十八
我校紧紧围绕课堂教学,坚持以人为本,创新发展。经过全体教师的努力,课堂教学面貌一新,呈现出“百花齐放,百家争鸣”的良好局面。主要体现在以下几个方面:
教师是进行课堂教学改革的主力军。我校教师以课堂教学改革为己任,努力提高自身素质,积极探索新形势下的教学思路。表现在教师的理论水平和实践能力的不断提高上,表现在课堂教学中全新的教学模式的不断涌现上,体现在人人都在深入研究教育科研教研上。学校已经形成了学习、研究、改革的浓厚氛围。教师的理论前所未有的丰厚起来,教师的意识前所未有的“前卫”起来,教师的改革前所未有的大胆起来。学校涌现出一大批锐意改革、勇于进取的青年骨干教师,推动着我校教学工作的全面深入发展。仅在20xx下半年,我校就有韩芳、侯相荣、陈爱民三位教师参加济南市优质课评比,并全部荣获一等奖,居全区先进水平。此外,盛淑娟、刘潇、田燕、高林、鲁传红等老师在区级优质课评比中均获一等奖。我校创造教育小组成员韩芳、盛淑娟、徐万生、商和举、侯相荣、田燕六位教师已经成为学校教学改革的“先锋”,刘兴芹、孙茂华、王芳等教学新星脱颖而出。学校全体教师求同存异,个性化发展,课堂教学各具特色。教师们常常为一个教学环节的设计而争论得面红耳赤,也常常为每个教师的标新立异而击节叫好。这种浓厚的学术氛围,为学校的教学改革注入了长久的活力。
教学改革最重要的变化体现在课堂上。只要进入洪楼三小的课堂,感受到的是一种亲切、和谐、活跃的气氛。教师已成为学生的亲密朋友,教室也转变成为学生的学堂,学生再也不是僵化呆板、默默无闻的“小绵羊”。他们的个性得到充分的展现与培养:或质疑问难,或浮想联翩,或组间交流,或挑战权威。师生互动,生生互动,组际互动,环境互动,在有限的时间内,每一位学生都得到了较为充分的锻炼和表现的机会。教室中再没有阴暗冰冷的“死角”,课堂上充满着流动的阳光,平等、和谐与交流共存,发现、挑战与沉思同在。思维的活跃,频动的闪光点,让学生成为课堂上真正的主人。教师的授课既源于教材,又不唯教材。师生的情感与个性融在其中,现实的生活进入课堂,学生在互动中求知,在活动中探索,既轻松地掌握了知识,又潜移默化地培养了能力。学生的整体素质有了质的提高。在20xx下半年区质量抽考中,我校取得了全区总评第一的佳绩。
总之,我校的课堂教学自实施创新教育以来,探索是深入的,变化是巨大的,成效是显著的。相信在上级领导和专家的大力支持和精心指导下,在全体老师不懈努力下,我校的课堂教学改革将会取得更加丰硕的成果。