作为一名老师,常常要根据教学需要编写教案,教案是教学活动的依据,有着重要的地位。优秀的教案都具备一些什么特点呢?又该怎么写呢?下面是小编带来的优秀教案范文,希望大家能够喜欢!
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇一
常对老师讲课堂上要把主动权交给学生,学生才是课堂上真正的主人,可话说起来容易,做起来难。今天我是深有体会。第一课时时,我把主动权完全交给了学生,让学生按“自学指导”一步步学习交流。我只是课堂上的一个“看客”,我要求学生忘记老师的存在,有问题小组内解决,解决不了的到别组去请教。从同学们的神情中我读出了自信,读出了快乐,一节课下来,我的任务只是去评价小组内的学习与参与情况,我轻松,学生快乐。这样的课堂真正是学生的课堂,“学生的课堂学生做主”。可当第二课时进行到一半的时候,由于课件字小,学生们研究的不是很热烈,于是我转变了自己的思路,我引导,这一导不要紧,我竟然又重新回到了老牛拉车的死胡同。
当学生汇报“知音之死”时,由于学生查到的资料没有一个涉及到这个问题的,于是我介入进去,给他们补充了一个小典故《子期之死》。可以说这个穿插起到了画龙点睛、激发兴趣、催生灵感的作用。我如果及时收手,把时间留给孩子们,他们一定会生成更多的有价值的问题。可我没有,我又补充了另外的一些课外资料,想让学生得的更多。可事与愿违,我在前面介绍时,从孩子们的听课状态、神情中我读出了厌倦与无奈。我后悔我的多此一举。由这个问题我想到教师介入多了,学生会厌倦、疲劳、会吃不消。教师介入少了,学生会对文本吃不透。那么怎样既让学生吃饱又吃好,是我们教育人应该着手去思考的问题。我的理解是要在学生思维凝滞的关键时候教师挺身而出给予点拨;要在学生学无方法时给予指导;要在学生学不得法时给予纠偏;要在学生茫然无措时给予思考;总之,要从学生的眼神中读出需要。
为了上好课,我课前做了充分的准备,把我能查到的资料都查了,能补充的内容都设计进去了。从“相遇知音”到“知音之死”自认为设计的科学恰当,可在操作中由于做到了面面俱到,反而没有重点了,造成了课堂的拖拉与学生的疲惫。课后,一位校长对我说:“备课备得太细也未必是件好事。”的确,备课时我过多地关注了文本内容,而少于去思考这些内容、这样的容量,我的学生们是否会消化。我高估了学生的能力,更准确地说是我未从学生的最近发展区出发,我让我的孩子们吃的涨了肚。于是在课后自评中我不得不检讨,备课时我的关注点放错了位置,我不应让我的学生有一丁点的时间在我的盲点上。这样才能真正做到我所提倡的三个“没有”——没有角落、没有忽略、没有放弃。
新课改执行了这么多年,我一直主抓学校的教学工作,对于理念的解读与感悟不比别人少,自以为我的设计会是完美的。可操作时才发现原来我设计的内容多了,让学生的发现少了。由于我过多的关注了文本,而忽略了孩子们自身的感受,学生们没了谈感受,谈见解的机会,自然就少了思考,少了争论,于是就少了主动学与自觉学的欲望。新课程强调要重视学生独特的感受,我们的课堂没充分给他时间,让他如何去感去悟去收获呢?
与人为本,要求我们做到,把时间交给学生;把空间交给学生;把“问”的主动权交给学生(让学生自己去发现问题,提出问题,解决问题,生成问题);把想“喝什么”、“吃什么”的需要权交给学生。这样才能吃好吃饱吃得舒服。“蹲下来”是一种姿态,“放开手”更是一种责任。大爱无言,但要花开有声!
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇二
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇三
六年级第十一册 p137页
本课是六年级上册第八组教材的第一篇,本组教材是以感受“艺术的魅力”为专题来组合课文的。《伯牙绝弦》是一篇文言文,讲述了一个千古流传的高山流水遇知音的故事。故事的主人公俞伯牙与钟子期的真挚情谊令人感动。本文行文简洁、流畅,不足百字,而且古今字义差别不大。
选编这篇课文的意图,一是让学生借助注释初步了解文言文的大意;二是积累中华优秀经典诗文,感受朋友间相互理解、相互欣赏的纯真友情;三是体会音乐艺术的无穷魅力。本文教学的重点是让学生凭借注释和工具书读通、读懂内容,在此基础上记诵积累。教学难点在于体会伯牙、子期之间真挚的友情。
这是学生第二次接触文言文,学生已初步掌握了通过多读、凭借注释和工具书读通、读懂文言文的学习方法。而且本文行文简洁、流畅,不足百字,而且古今字义差别不大,有助于培养学生借助注释,自主读懂课文的意思。至于课文所包含的人文内涵只要有所体会即可,不必强行灌输。
1.了解祖国悠久灿烂的古代文化,感受文言文独有的语言特点和魅力,激发学生学习文言文的兴趣。
2.读准字音,读通课文,能借助注释和课外资料理解词句意思,用自己的话初步讲讲这个故事。
3.积累中华经典诗文,感受朋友间真挚的友情。
文言文是我国古代优秀文化的宝贵遗产,在现行的教材中安排文言文的教学任务,充分体现了新课标“让学生吸收祖国语言文化的珍贵遗产,培养学生健康的审美情趣和审美能力”的要求。这些文言文虽然只是浩瀚文学海洋中的点滴,但却是小学生认识、吸收我国民族文化的有效方法。引导小学生学习文言文,教师应树立“朗读是第一位”的观念。以读为本,让学生读、悟,读懂意思,读出韵味,读出语感。
多媒体课件
1、欣赏“伯牙鼓琴图”,揭示课题。
2、课件出示竖排全文,感受古文形式美。
1、自由读文,读准字音,读通句子,注意词句内部的停顿。
2、检查朗读情况,指导读出节奏、读出韵味。
重点指导难句:善哉,峨峨兮若泰山! 善哉,洋洋兮若江河!
子期死,伯牙谓世再无知音,乃破琴绝弦,终身不复鼓。
3、教师范读,学生再次练读,指名读。
(一)理解大意。
1、解题,相机总结学习方法:联系资料、借助注释以及要灵活变通地理解古文。
2、文中有哪些文言词是你在以往的古诗文学习中已经理解了的?
3、还不懂的地方怎么办?
(1)学生交流学习方法。
(2)自渎课文,试着理解每一句话的意思,然后用自己的话说说课文的内容。
(3)全班汇报交流,相机指导理解重点词句。
在理解“哉”字时,引导学生用上“哉”字表述太高兴了(乐哉、喜哉、快哉)和太悲痛了(悲哉、哀哉、痛哉),为后面的教学作铺垫。
(4)用自己的话讲讲这个故事。
(二)感悟深情。
1、得遇知音之喜。
从哪儿可以读出他们是知音?
出示:伯牙鼓琴,志在高山,钟子期曰:“善哉,峨峨兮若泰山!”志在流水,钟子期曰:“善哉,洋洋兮若江河!”
你的想法、心声,你的朋友都能懂得,这是古今多少人向往的美好境界啊!这样的朋友就叫做——知音。让我们走近这对千古知音:焚一炉香,伯牙席地坐于瑶琴之前,子期凝望着远方,思潮起伏。同学们,现在你就是那善听的子期,让我们用心来聆听这动听的琴声吧! (播放音乐)
伯牙的琴声幽然响起,他的思绪随琴声飞向了那峨峨的高山之颠,子期,你的眼前仿佛出现了怎样的画面?
伯牙的手指熟练地拨弄着琴弦,洋洋的流水仿佛从他的指间流淌而出,子期,此时你好像看到了怎样的景象?
(在指导朗读的基础上,引导学生进行语言的拓展和运用:美哉、妙哉、壮哉……巍巍兮、浩浩兮、滔滔兮……)
伯牙得遇子期这位知音,他内心会发出怎样的感慨?(板书:知音得遇,喜哉)
2、痛失知音之悲。
现实常常是那样残酷,子期先伯牙而去了。当伯牙鼓琴,志在高山时,再也没有人会说——志在流水时,也再没有人会说——(出示句子“子期死,伯牙谓世再无知音,乃破琴绝弦,终身不复鼓。”)
子期已归,伯牙来到墓前,以琴声悼念子期。秋风瑟瑟,万木萧萧,更增添了伯牙心中的哀伤。明代小说家冯梦龙这样写道:
(伯牙)盘膝坐于坟前,挥泪两行,抚琴[抚琴:弹琴]一操[一操:一曲]。那些看者,闻[闻:听]琴韵铿锵[铿锵:形容乐器声音响亮节奏分明],鼓掌大笑而散。
此情此景,伯牙心里会是怎样一番滋味呀?
万般的滋味化作一句话——(板书:子期已归,悲哉!)
(播放广播剧剪辑)反复感情引读“子期死,伯牙谓世再无知音,乃破琴绝弦,终身不复鼓。”激发学生情感。
随着那一声“破琴绝弦”的砰然巨响,伯牙的琴声消逝了,只有这段友谊的绝唱千古流传,让我们把这动人的故事永远铭记在心。
1.以读为本,在逐层深入的读中,引导学生逐步感受古文的形式美、音韵美、意境美。由浅入深,由表及里,带领学生投入到了那美妙的意境之中,感受到了古文独有的韵味,领略到了古文那博大深厚的内涵。
2.以文言教文言,课堂处处飘溢着浓厚的古文化气息。老师的导语、评价语充满古韵与诗情画意,这样的语言不知不觉地感染着学生,学生的语言也富有诗意起来。
3.合理运用课外资源。无论是音乐、绘画、广播剧,还是拓展阅读的课外文本,都极为有效地缩短了学生与文本之间的距离,把学生带入了一个完全忘我的境界,从而更加深入地走进语言文字,感悟其中深情。
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇四
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇五
《伯牙绝弦》这篇文言文选自《列子·汤问》,叙述的是春秋时期,俞伯牙和钟子期的一段千古流传的故事。讲述的是俞伯牙善于鼓琴,钟子期善于听琴,伯牙以子期为知音,后来子期不幸身亡,伯牙悲痛欲绝,将琴摔碎,弄断琴弦,再也不弹琴。
本文行文简洁、流畅,只用了77个字,共用五句话,第一句话总起,二、三、四句顺承而下,第五句急转而合。全文荡气回肠,令人回味无穷。尽管这是学生第二次碰到文言文,但是就这篇文章而言,字词的理解不算很难,文章比较浅显,因此我通过让学生凭借注释和工具书读通、读懂内容,在此基础上记诵积累。对于这篇文章,我觉得让学生体会到伯牙与子期之间真挚的友情,感受知音情谊是本文的难点。一节课下来,觉得做得比较好的有以下几点。
新课开始,我便以音乐《高山流水》导入,让学生迅速进入学习古文的意境,在补充介绍伯牙在子期墓前悼念子期时,也以惨婉动人的音乐加以烘托,让学生入情入境地体会伯牙那种悲痛欲绝的心情,最后,让学生在音乐《高山流水》的伴奏下,再次诵读课文,感受伯牙和钟子期那种知音情谊。
俗话说“文章不厌百回读”而“朗读”在文言文教学中尤为重要,文言文是一种传承祖国灿烂文化的载体。教学中借助文言文文本的特征,在教学中坚持自学为主,重点指导朗读和背诵,强化感悟、注重积累的策略,采用情景引领,以读为本,相机点拨,拓展积淀的方式,带领学生去读,去思考,去吸取,力图让学生体验到学习古文的乐趣。
这节课我采取了三个不同层次的朗读。
第一次,初读课文识知音。采用学生自由读,交流读,老师范读等形式把课文读正确,读流利,读出文言文的节奏和韵味。
第二次,推敲细读遇知音。让学生在默读中结合注释或工具书,理解词句的意思,巩固学习阅读文言文的方法。当学生自学后能用自己的话说出故事的内容后,引导学生研读文本,触摸伯牙与子期的灵魂,与他们同悲同喜,感悟知音的内涵,感受伯牙的遇知音有痛失知音的情怀,这是课文的难点所在,为此,我给学生的理解搭了梯子:感悟知音的内涵,感悟知音相遇之喜,感悟知音离世之悲。
第三次,朗朗诵读怀知音。借助课后资料袋,感受“知音”文化的代代相传,并在老师的引领中反复朗诵,传唱这个故事,达到熟读成诵的目的。
“学生是语文学习的主人,应注重培养学生自主学习的意识和习惯,为学生创设良好的自主学习情境。“先学后教当堂训练”是语文教学最有效的教学模式,因此在教学中我尝试运用“先学后教当堂训练’的教学方法,课堂中时间尽量还给学生,让学生自读,读出文言文的节奏和韵味;让学生借助注释,自己理解课文的内容,在学生自学后对于学生存在的问题进行点拨、讲解;学一点教一点,恰当地处理好“教”与“学”的关系。注重学生学习的过程,充分调动学生参与课堂教学的积极性。
在教学中我注重让学生收集有关这个故事的其他资料,做到了知识的拓展和延伸,在教学中我不仅让学生学会了这篇课文,还渗透了有关文言文以及古文化的的代代相传。
拓展阅读《列子·汤问》中伯牙的原话:补充介绍钟子期死后,俞伯牙到子期的墓前悼念他时所写下的一首短歌,帮助学生感受伯牙对于知音之死的悲痛欲绝、肝肠寸断的心情,让学生真正体会伯牙绝弦的那种悲壮而又感人的行为;又如在最后一个环节,我借助资料袋让学生了解故事的源远流长,并且入情入境的朗诵。体悟文章的情感,突破了教学的重难点。
五、拓展练习,丰盈文本。
在学生理解伯牙感遇知音这一环节,我充分调动学生的激情,让学生写出伯牙的遇知音的感慨,丰富了学生的情感,让学生与文本与主人公产生共鸣,使学生实现了文化意象的传承,受到了传承文化的熏陶。
当然,在教学中我也存在着很多问题,比如在讲求师生合作的同时,是否也该重视生生间的合作,安排小组合作学习的环节?生生互动合作,可以为学生提供更多的主动参与课堂的机会,让他们在教学中从单纯的旁观者,转变为教学活动的积极参与者,使学生从与他不同的观点中得到启迪,有利于学习的广泛迁移。第二,学生初识文言文,朗读不是很到位。尽管我给了学生停顿符号学生也注意到了停顿。但这篇课文中有两处停顿难点:“哉”“兮”是表示感叹的文言虚词,读这样的语气词,延长、停顿一下,颇有音乐美。如果我能及时地给学生以范读,相信学生能更好地体会这种美,表现这种音乐美。有助于培养学生对积累、诵读文言文的兴趣。第三,在教学中,我觉得我的教学语言的精练还需要进一步提高。有些时候,我的语言还有些碎,没有达到最凝练的效果。过渡语的设计还不够细致、精准影响了课的精彩。
一杯喷香的茶,我们细细品味,会悟出茶的神奇;一篇隽永的美文,我们细细品味,会品出它的深远;而一次活动的砺炼,我会细细品味,会品出它的责任。通过教学反思找准我在教学中的不足,积累经验,学习提升,使自己的教学能力更上一层楼。有了教师的发展,才会有学生的发展。我深知一位优秀教师背后的最终受益者永远是它的学生。
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇六
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇七
《伯牙绝弦》是语文人教试验标准版六年级上的一篇文言文。选编这篇课文的意图,一是让学生借助注释初步了解文言文的大意;二是积累中华优秀经典诗文,感受朋友间相互理解、相互欣赏的纯真友情;三是透过抑扬顿挫的语调节奏,感受文言文的声韵美。
崔峦老师在学术会上提到:小学阶段文言文教学,旨在体现小学与初中的衔接,主要是让学生见一见,感受一下,以至于到了初中不感到陌生。结合到文言文简洁、典雅,朗诵时具有音韵美的特点,本课注重学生的诵读:读通课文,读顺节奏为理解课文大意做好铺垫;其次,在品读句子的时候,在理解句子意思的基础上有感情朗读。这是为了达到了了解文章大意,感受文言的音韵美的目的。从学生课堂诵读到品悟句子的情况来看,这个目标是基本达到的。
其次,文言文因为其文体特点,在教学中应该要遵循学生的认知规律。在教学中以读准字音、读顺课文为基础,并借助工具书和课内注释解决重点字词,帮助了解文章大意。并在此基础上,通过品读句子更进一步感悟文章的思想感情。这个步骤的达成不但训练了学生的感悟能力,同时也在品读句子中增强了他们对文言文的语感。从课堂实施来看本课在教学上遵循了学习古文的步骤:诵读文章、了解字词意义、把握文章大意以及品读句子感悟文章思想感情。
但同时,在教学中也存在着以下的不足:
一、学习中忽视了学生的自读自疑。对于对文言文并不十分熟悉的学生而言,学生在学习的过程中肯定会遇到许多的疑惑。那么为了体现学生的学习主动性,培养阅读的兴趣,让学生或多或少体会到一些自己能够读懂文言文的快乐,避免老师的串讲所导致的乏味。可以给予学生学法指导,先让学生凭借工具书以及注释加上自己的想象力去自学。然后再就自己无法解决的问题到小组讨论中去解决,并鼓励学生充当老师,解决其他同学提出的问题这样或许更加能够调动学生的学习主动性,避免老师牵着走。
二、课堂教学目标的达成草草了事。学生学习文言文,在理解课文大意上本课的一个语言训练点是“用自己的话来说说故事大意”。在教学过程中,这个目标完成得并不理想。只是学习能力较为强的学生占有了话语权,没有充分考虑到不同层次学生的语言训练。
三、课堂教学环节之间联系不够紧密,逻辑关系不够明确。本课在理解文章内容时主要是抓住“伯牙善鼓以子期善听”以及“伯牙不复鼓”这两个方面来谈。通过诵读感悟伯牙善鼓以及钟子期善听的表现,却没有提升到他们“知音”这个层面。而重点品析“知音是什么?”时引入课外资料,让学生明白“伯牙所想到的,子期必领悟到”,那么对学生理解“伯牙不复鼓”会更有帮助。对学生读懂伯牙绝弦时的悲伤有帮助。而同时,在品析“伯牙不复鼓”的环节中,没有引导学生进行全文的思考“伯牙为何绝弦”?这就显得本课环节不够完整,学生的认识水平没有得到提升。
以上是在文言教学中的一些体会,确实有许多不足的地方,恳请各位指正。
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇八
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇九
《伯牙绝弦》选自《列子·汤问》,故事感人至深,却只有5句话,77个字,而这77个字里却讲述了一个千古流传、感人肺腑的故事。尽管这是学生第二次碰到文言文,但是就这篇文章而言,字词的理解不算很难,文章比较浅显,因此我通过让学生凭借注释和工具书读通、读懂内容,在此基础上记诵积累。对于这篇文章,我觉得让学生体会到伯牙与子期之间真挚的友情,感受知音情谊是本文的难点。
1.一曲《朋友》亲切导入
2.结合自己能熟练运用信息技术的特点设计制作了了恰到好处的课件,这些课件在理解主要内容上恰到好处地点拨学生、启发学生。在创设情景上又起到了烘托气氛的作用。教学中多次播放《高山流水》音乐,那典雅流畅的琴音款款地浸润学生的心灵,学生在音乐声中朗读课文,不但更好地增强课文的表现力,而且让文言文那优美的韵味深深地植根在学生心中。可以说课件的运用使学生的情感得以升华为教学起到了很好的推动作用。
“读”在文言文教学中尤为重要,首先要读通、读顺,然后是在理解的基础上读出文言文的韵味。在教学过程中,我基本抓住“读正音——读好节奏——理解——读出感情——再朗读”的基本方法,多种形式反复朗读,范读到位,目标明确,层层提高,从而感受文言文的结构特点,感知文言文的韵律之美。
1.安排自主学习、合作讨论环节可以为学生提供更多的主动参与课堂的机会,让他们在教学中从单纯的旁观者,转变为教学活动的积极参与者,使学生从与他不同的观点中得到启迪,有利于学习的广泛迁移。
2.教学中,注意追求本色语文,扎实、有效地体现语文课所承载的内涵。不走过场,不耍花架子,为此,在课前我鼓励学生们查找字典等工具书,理解不懂的语句,充分的预习使学生在自学文章的句子时能沉下心来,进入文本阅读,体现语文学习的效果。要想理解文言文,首先要把文章读通顺。所以我引导学生在解决字音之后通过自由读文划出停顿节奏,并通过课件把朗读节奏的划分展示出来。在理解课文开始,我就引导学生就课题的“绝弦”展开讨论,理解其含义,告诉学生翻译文言文要学会变通,用熟悉的表达方式把意思表述清楚。渗透对文本阅读和理解的能力方法的指导,不仅仅说清楚,也要能准确地翻译过来。然后以“为谁而绝弦?伯牙为何绝弦?”设置悬念,在理解完课文后再向学生提问:“在这里,伯牙‘绝’的仅仅是‘弦’吗?这‘终身不复鼓’的仅仅是琴吗?”让学生真正明白课题“绝弦”的深刻含义。让学生找出“善”字一共出现了几次,每次的意思有什么不同。在现代文中,这个字的意思又是什么。这一品让学生领悟到了学习文言文要注意变通的运用。在最后让学生用自己的语言通说全文,达到融会贯通。
教学中,不忘结合课文进行了必要的拓展延伸:“我们知道俞伯牙是当时楚国有名的音乐家,那作为一个有名的音乐家,他的琴声一定不只表现了高山流水,除了泰山峨峨,江河洋洋,俞伯牙的琴声还会表现那些动人的场景呢?”在学生充分想象的基础上,再对“皎皎明月,依依杨柳,萋萋芳草,袅袅炊烟……”这样的场景进行感悟朗读,有效地调动学生去读书、去思考,步步深入又准确地演绎着文本中丰富的信息,在不露痕迹的教学中,让学生明白了所谓的知音,就是那个世上最懂你知你的人。还巧妙地进行了仿写、说话训练,又突破了难点。
1.我虽然紧紧的把理解与朗读相结合,通过对朗读的指导达到情感的升华:文章的前半部分,通过对“善哉”的理解和指导学生要读出称赞的语气,通过联想知音相聚的画面指导学生读出知音欢聚的那份融洽与欢乐;文章的后半部分,引导学生带着对伯牙寂寞、孤独,绝望和心灰意冷的心情的理解有感情朗读。但学生还是没太读出感情,看来还得让学生反复读,让学生在对比读中
2.安排了欣赏《高山流水》,听完后可让学生说说你听出了什么?
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十一
《伯牙绝弦》六年级上册第八组教材的第一篇。本组教材是以感受“艺术的魅力”为专题来组合课文的。《伯牙绝弦》是一篇文言文,讲述了一个千古流传的高山流水遇知音的故事。故事的主人公俞伯牙与钟子期的真挚情谊令人感动。本文行文简洁、流畅,不足百字,而且古今字义差别不大。
选编这篇课文的意图,
一是让学生借助注释初步了解文言文的大意;
二是积累中华优秀经典诗文,感受朋友间相互理解、相互欣赏的纯真友情;
三是体会音乐艺术的无穷魅力。
这篇课文虽然是文言文,但相对浅显在教学中学生可以根据注释进行理解,因此我我把重点放在了理解“知音”上。理解伯牙摔琴之举及其次举背后隐喻的含义——子期死,伯牙为何摔琴,因为知音难觅,子期的死使伯牙痛感世上再无知音,故破琴绝弦。
在教学时,我首先让学生回忆学习文言文的方法,然后从课文题目入手,理解课题含义,抛下悬念是什么原因让一代弹琴高手痛下这样的决心呢?
其次,在读诵课文的基础上理解两个问题,一是你读懂了什么?二是你从哪里看出伯牙和子期互为知音的一句话。让学生找“伯牙所念,钟子期必得之。”通过反复诵读,理解意思,引导学生理解知音,一个善听一个善弹,这就是知音。引导学生展开联想在遇到钟子期前伯牙他会缺少赞美吗?为什么偏偏视钟子期为知音呢?
三是引导学生品味知音之情,这是难点。在设计这一教学环节中,在备课时我花费的时间最多,也是最用心的一个环节,怎样让学生理解伯牙与子期互为知音,情投意合,我设计了几个情景教学:
(一)是伯牙听不到子期的赞美和听到了子期的赞美心情分别是怎样的?让学生品味出伯牙遇到知音后狂喜的心情;
(二)是如果你是子期听到伯牙弹琴你是怎样赞美的?让学生体会子期和伯牙心灵相通,是一对情感共鸣的知己。
(三)是师生扮演伯牙和子期的一段对话游戏伯牙(师扮演读),子期(学生扮演读)老师与学生对话,师生互动,生生互动,反复诵读,在读中品味这种知音欢聚的融合与快乐。伯牙琴技高超,乐曲悠扬动人,如果你是子期,伯牙志在高山流水,你如何赞美?指导学生练习读钟子期赞叹的句子。在读中感悟互为知音的喜悦,较好的升华了“凡伯牙所念,钟子期必得之”这一中心。
在教学过程中,我进行了适当的拓展延伸,“既然伯牙善鼓琴,那么他的琴声一定不只表现高山流水,那还会有哪些动人的场景呢?”在学生充分想象的基础上,训练学生以排比的句式仿造课文说句子,有效地调动学生去读书,去思考,步步深入,准确地演绎着文本中丰富的信息。在不露痕迹中让学生明白知音就是世界上最懂你、知你的那个人。
在文章的后半部分,指导学生带着伯牙寂寞、孤独、绝望和心灰意冷的心情,有感情朗读,让学生真正明白课题“绝弦”的深刻含义。为了让学生深刻理解伯牙那份知音难求的情怀,我还搜集到了子期死后,伯牙写给子期的一首挽歌,在一曲《高山流水》乐曲中,师朗读这首短歌,再次升华本课的重难点,在教学尾声时,通过欣赏《高山流水》乐曲,让典雅流畅的琴声浸润学生的心灵。由此我想到只有教师切切实实地做到走进文本,理解文本,才能带领学生在文本中自由的穿越,自由的飞扬。
总之,教学永远是一门遗憾的艺术。我感到很遗憾的是由于时间的关系,有些内容有些词语和句子的处理有点浅显,有的甚至一带而过,今后我会在自己的课堂中好好反思,努力把遗憾降到最低。
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十二
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十三
《伯牙绝弦》是一篇文言文,选自《列子·汤问》,叙述了发生在春秋时代的一段千古流传的故事。俞伯牙善于鼓琴,钟子期善于悟琴,伯牙以子期为知音。后来子期不幸身亡,伯牙悲痛欲绝,将琴摔碎,立志再不鼓琴。由于这个传说,人们把非常了解自己特长的人叫做“知音”,用“高山流水”比喻乐曲高妙或知心朋友。这是学生第二次学习文言文,对文言文虽然有了一点浅显的认识,但对于文言文的特点和理解方法还存在一定的难度,因此,我提出了两个学习方向:一是学会借助注释和字典等工具书进行自主学习,理解文意,同时指导学生感悟文言文朗读的`节奏和韵味;二是引导学生理解“知音”,理解伯牙的摔琴之举及其此举背后隐喻的涵义——子期一死,伯牙为何摔琴?
经过反复斟酌,我紧紧抓住“知音”这个情感线索,在多个环节进行了精心的设计,使得在教学中显得整堂课环环相扣,紧扣中心而又层次分明。
1、用传说引入课文,让学生带着“是什么将地位如此悬殊,际遇如此不同的两人紧紧联系在一起,成为知音,演绎出一场感动千古的传奇?”这样一个疑问开始聆听教师的范读。
2、教学中,我紧紧的把理解与朗读相结合,通过对朗读的指导达到情感的升华:文章的前半部分,用迁移法,通过对“善哉”的理解和指导学生要读出称赞的语气,通过联想知音相聚的画面指导学生读出知音欢聚的那份融洽与欢乐;文章的后半部分,引导学生带着对伯牙寂寞、孤独,绝望和心灰意冷的心情的理解有感情朗读。整堂课学生都随着文章的情感起伏而变化,从最初的欣喜到结尾的潸然泪下,可以说达到了“其词若出吾之口,其情若生吾之心”的境界。
3、结合自己能熟练运用信息技术的特点设计制作了了恰到好处的课件,这些课件在理解主要内容上恰到好处地点拨学生、启发学生。在创设情景上又起到了烘托气氛的作用,在想像时播放的优美画面,沙沙细雨声、潺潺流水声、啾啾鸟鸣声,无不给人以美的陶冶和享受,仿佛使学生置身于大自然中。教学中多次播放《高山流水》音乐,那典雅流畅的琴音款款地浸润学生的心灵,学生在音乐声中朗读课文,不但更好地增强课文的表现力,而且让文言文那优美的韵味深深地植根在学生心中。可以说课件的运用使学生的情感得以升华为教学起到了很好的推动作用。
4、在板书设计上我运用绘画突出主题,为了营造“知音之死”的悲剧色彩我又特意在理解这一环节时一步一步擦去,整个黑板由刚才的高山流水的彩色画面到只剩下孤零零的“伯牙”二字。随着我的擦拭课堂上每个同学的心都揪了起来,很快由刚刚的喜悦转成了悲伤。情感深深地融入到文本中,随着作者的情绪时起时伏,或歌或泣、或思或诉,真正实现人文 “共鸣”。
教学中,注意追求本色语文,扎实、有效地体现语文课所承载的内涵。不走过场,不耍花架子,为此,在课前我鼓励学生们查找字典等工具书,理解不懂的语句,充分的预习使学生在自学文章的句子时能沉下心来,进入文本阅读,体现语文学习的效果。要想理解文言文,首先要把文章读通顺。所以我引导学生在解决字音之后通过自由读文划出停顿节奏,并通过课件把朗读节奏的划分展示出来。在理解课文开始,我就引导学生就课题的“绝弦”展开讨论,理解其含义,告诉学生翻译文言文要学会变通,用熟悉的表达方式把意思表述清楚。渗透对文本阅读和理解的能力方法的指导,不仅仅说清楚,也要能准确地翻译过来。然后以“伯牙为何绝弦?为谁而绝弦?”设置悬念,在理解完课文后再向学生提问:“在这里,伯牙‘绝’的仅仅是‘弦’吗?这‘终身不复鼓’的仅仅是琴吗?”让学生真正明白课题“绝弦”的深刻含义。让学生找出“善”字一共出现了几次,每次的意思有什么不同。在现代文中,这个字的意思又是什么。这一品让学生领悟到了学习文言文要注意变通的运用。在最后让学生用自己的语言通说全文,达到融会贯通。
教学中,不忘结合课文进行了必要的拓展延伸:“我们知道俞伯牙是当时楚国有名的音乐家,那作为一个有名的音乐家,他的琴声一定不只表现了高山流水,除了泰山峨峨,江河洋洋,俞伯牙的琴声还会表现那些动人的场景呢?”在学生充分想象的基础上,再对“皎皎明月,依依杨柳,萋萋芳草,袅袅炊烟……”这样的场景进行感悟朗读,有效地调动学生去读书、去思考,步步深入又准确地演绎着文本中丰富的信息,在不露痕迹的教学中,让学生明白了所谓的知音,就是那个世上最懂你知你的人。我和学生既各自感受着,又互相感染着,美好的情愫在课堂悄然流淌,不知不觉进入了知音的精神世界。结尾时吟诵俞伯牙在钟子期墓前留下的诗文,激发学生课后进一步拓展阅读的积极性。
一堂课下来,我觉得在对古文的朗读指导中,还欠缺教学方法,学生能把古文给读正确了,读顺了,但古文的韵味还没读到位,应该在教学中慢慢渗透。
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十四
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十五
教学目标:
1.朗读课文。背诵课文。
2.能根据注释和课外资料理解词句意思,能用自己的话讲讲这个故事。
3.积累中华经典诗文,感受朋友见真挚的友情。
教学重点:学生能凭借注释和工具书读通、读懂课文内容,在此基础上记诵积累。教学难点:感受朋友间相互理解、相互欣赏的纯真友情。
教学准备:《高山流水》的乐曲
教学时间:一课时
教学过程:
师:我们来做一个文字游戏,老师说一个“杨柳依依”,你们也说几个这样的词。引导学生说词。老师再说几个这样的词。
课件出示:清风徐徐杨柳依依明月皎皎炊烟袅袅流水淙淙芳草萋萋霞光灼灼春雨绵绵这些词都是描写什么的?引导学生归纳总结出这些都是美丽的自然景物。
师:平时如果有意识地积累这些词语,对写作一定有帮助。
[设计意图:此环节的谈话设计,不仅拓展学生的视野,增加孩子的语言积累,而且能够集中孩子的注意力,易于教学的展开。为课文的拓展做好了铺垫,为帮助孩子理解课文内容,为孩子的说话训练铺好路。]
有一个故事千古流传,令人吟诵至今,它记载了两个好朋友之间深厚的情谊,它就是我们今天将要学习的一篇文言文《伯牙绝弦》。
[设计意图:导入部分将词语积累的环节快速过渡到学文中来,拉近文本和学生的距离]
1.学生自由读文,要求读准字音。2.生再读课文,根据自己对文言文的理解注意停顿恰当。3.指名读,学生评议,在初步感知课文内容的基础上读好文言文的节奏。4.师范读,齐读,引导学生感受文言文的节奏和韵味,在读正确的基础上读流畅。
指导:峨峨兮/若/泰山洋洋兮/若/江河伯牙谓/世/再无知音
[设计意图:此环节设计意图在于让学生读熟课文的基础上,体会文言文的节奏美,也为下面理解文言文做铺垫]
1.师:这是一个发生在春秋战国时期的故事,主人公是俞伯牙和钟子期,课文记叙了一个怎样的故事呢?请大家回忆一下,我们学习文言文有哪些方法?
借助课后的注释;联系上下文理解;通过平时学习古诗知道学古文不能生搬硬套,要学会用自己的话读懂课文的意思
2.学生自学,弄懂课文的意思。
3.通过自学,你读懂了什么?
伯牙和钟子期互为知音
4.你从哪里看出伯牙和钟子期互为知音?
在生与生的交流中,教师作点拨、指导,引导学生读懂课文的意思,并继续强化、总结学习文言文的方法
伯牙所念,钟子期必得之。学生感情朗读此句。
引导理解知己:好一个善听的子期,好一个善弹的伯牙。这就是知音。凡伯牙所念,钟子期必得之。
引导学生展开联想:在遇到钟子期前,他会缺少赞美吗?别人对他的赞美是什么样的?为什么偏偏视钟子期为知音?
表面的。肤浅的。因为其他人听不懂,而钟子期能听懂他的琴声,最能明白伯牙内心深处的表白??
说话练习:如果你是伯牙,当听不到子期的赞美时,你的心情会是怎样的?失望、寂寞、忧虑、渴望??
后来,当你终于遇到了子期,你的心情怎样的?快乐、激动、充满希望、欣慰??
5.当我们深入课文的时候,会对课文有更深入的理解,再读读课文,想想哪些地方你读懂了,哪些不懂的可以交流。
学生再一次自由朗读后交流。
出示课件:“伯牙善鼓琴,钟子期善听”,这句话告诉我们什么?这个“善”字在文中出现了几次?意思一样吗?质疑:前面的两个“善”是什么意思?后面的两个“善”可以怎么说?(好啊!)
师:相当与现代的什么?用现代的表达方式除了说“好啊”还可以怎么说?(真棒啊!了不起!真厉害!??)总结:由此可以看这里的“善哉”表示赞叹。
齐读”伯牙鼓琴,志在高山”。老师赞叹“善哉”,理解“善哉”表赞叹的意思。理解知己的含义:学到此时,我们能理解“伯牙所念,钟子期必得之”的含义了吗?他们之间心息相通,是知音。
[设计意图:此环节设计目的是了解故事的主要情节,感悟重点句子和重点词语,理解人物之间互相理解的深厚感情]
1.伯牙琴艺高操,所奏乐曲悠扬动人,如果你是子期,伯牙鼓琴志在高山,志在流水,你如何赞叹?指导读钟子期赞叹的语句。
2.伯牙善鼓琴,他不同的琴声不仅能表现高山流水,还能让具有很高音乐鉴赏能力的子期感受到不同的场景。想象一下,伯牙的琴声还表现了哪些动人的场景呢?引导学生想象:皎皎明月、徐徐清风、袅袅炊烟、潇潇春雨等。
3.引导学生进行语言的拓展和运用:
假如现在你是子期,当“伯牙鼓琴,志在清风”,透过伯牙的琴声,你感受到那徐徐的清风了吗?于是你怎么赞叹?当“伯牙鼓琴,志在明月”,透过伯牙的琴声,你看见那皎皎的明月了吗?你将如何赞叹?
确认:“善哉,徐徐兮若清风!;”“善哉,皎皎乎若明月!”
4.一起想象这样一幅画面:伯牙正在鼓琴,子期正在听琴,当伯牙鼓琴志在杨柳、志在春雨、志在云雾、志在炊烟??子期会怎样赞叹?引导学生以排比句的形式说句子。
5.这正是“伯牙所念,钟子期必得之。”我心有所念,我的好朋友必得之而赞之,如此理解自己心意的朋友,这就叫——知音。而不论伯牙志在高山、志在流水,还是志在明月、志在清风,凡伯牙所念,子期必得之,这就是真正的知音!
6.感情诵读2——4句。伯牙在楚国是著名的弹琴高手,他能通过乐曲表达自己丰富的情感。当他一次次将自己的情感融入琴声中,弹奏出一首首美妙的乐曲时,你想,他渴望得到什么?(可能是称赞)周围的人会怎么称赞呢?(琴艺高超、琴艺炉火纯青)
7.这些赞美之声听多了也不过如此,如果你是伯牙,你还渴望什么?(渴望有一个懂自己音乐的人)当听到子期对自己心意的领会,他的心里会想些什么呢?或会对子期说些什么呢?
8.从那以后,伯牙、子期形影不离,一个善鼓琴,一个善听,他们共同交流着对音乐的理解。再读课文1──4句,感受知音欢聚的融洽与欢乐。
9.无奈世事难料,子期不幸去世。出示句子,学生读“子期死,伯牙谓世再无知音,乃破琴绝弦,终生不复鼓。”师:这句话仅仅是讲伯牙终身不弹琴吗?他向世人宣告了什么?你如何理解伯牙当时的心情?
引导学生感悟:这世上再也没有知音,再弹也没有意思了。子期死了,伯牙又要回到过去没有知音、无人理解的日子,他不能忍受无人倾诉的痛苦,无边的孤独寂寞,最后以一种极端的方式表现了出来;伯牙用绝弦的方式表达对子期的思念。
10.当你理解了伯牙此时的心情,请再读这句话。带着自己的感受再次诵读课文。
[设计意图:此环节让学生进行拓展练习,自然而然理解了伯牙与钟子期是人生知己。]
1.明代小说家冯梦龙在《警世通言》这一本书里,用生动的笔触描述了这个动人的故事。在子期墓前,伯牙曾经写下了一首短歌,来追悼自己的知音钟子期。出示诗歌学生读:忆昔去年春,江边曾会君。
今日重来访,不见知音人。
但见一土,惨然伤我心!
伤心伤心复伤心,不忍泪珠纷。
来欢去何苦,江畔起愁云。
此曲终兮不复弹,三尺瑶琴为君死!
2.子期一死,俞伯牙又要回到以前那无人能理解的生活中去了,那一曲高山流水又弹给何人听?只有这一段动人的故事千古流传!生再次感情朗读课文。
3.人们根据这个动人的故事,编写了一首同样动人的乐曲:《高山流水》。
(播放乐曲,学生欣赏)
伴着那一曲动人的《高山流水》再读读这个故事。
(学生再读课文,试着背诵)
[设计意图:此环节通过补充资料,感悟伯牙失去知己的无边孤寂和怀念之情,让学生为伯牙痛苦绝望的悲凉之情发出了深深感叹,理解千古知音最难觅,如果遇到了知音,我们应该珍惜,也许一无所获,但是事情不在于结果,而在于追求。]
收集体现知音良朋的诗文和名言名句。
板书:
25.伯牙绝弦
伯牙 善鼓琴 所念绝弦
(知音)
钟子期 善听 必得之死
[教学反思:本课设计时主要抓住重点句“伯牙所念,钟子期必得之”体会知己含义,为了使语文的工具性与人文性结合,设计了拓展练习,再围绕“绝弦”,让我们感受到不仅仅是伯牙、子期心灵相通的情义,最后设计了《高山流水》的音乐欣赏,让从教者与学生一起在美妙的音乐中感受艺术的魅力。教学时要多引导学生对文言文的读、思、悟,要读得充分,读得入理,读出韵味,理解自然水到渠成。]
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十六
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十七
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十八
《伯牙绝弦》是一篇文言文,所以拿到教材,我首先做的第一件事情,就是反复诵读。然后,我又上网搜索了有关伯牙和钟子期的资料,高山流水的故事、相关音乐等。
由于小学生接触古文甚少,因此文言文的教学内容自然应该在具体的语境中诠释。我首先由音乐导入新课,初知大意,初步感悟知音深情,然后通过层层深入的有梯度的朗读活动,穿插相关背景资料的介绍,引领学生在读中感悟本文所具有的特定意象和内涵。因此,我把预设重点放在引导学生感悟情感,品味语言文字的魅力上。
本文是学生第二次接触文言文,第一次接触文言文是五年级第二学期的《杨氏之子》,对于文言文的特点和理解方法还存在一定的难度。因此这篇文章,我提出了两个学习方向:一是学会借助注释和课外辅助资料进行学习,理解文意,同时指导学生感悟文言文朗读的节奏和韵味;二是引导学生理解“知音”,理解伯牙的摔琴之举及其此举背后隐喻的涵义——子期一死,伯牙为何摔琴?因为知音难觅,子期的死使伯牙痛感世上再无知音,因此也不必再来鼓琴。阅读补充资料“俞伯牙摔琴谢知音”的故事。
这堂课上,我把重点放在文言语感的初步感知和对故事本身的体味上,通过诵读、体验、对话、联想,走进这个故事,抓住“读”为突破口,以读为本,读中感悟。整节课这样读中有悟,悟后有读,读反反复复,悟越来越明。学生初识文言文,朗读不是很到位,我的范读起到了引领的作用。教学中,把理解与朗读相结合,在感悟文章的每一句话的同时,我也注重了朗读的结合体味:文章的前半部分,指导学生要读出称赞的语气,读出知音欢聚的那份融洽与欢乐;文章的后半部分,指导学生带着对伯牙寂寞、孤独,绝望和心灰意冷的心情的理解有感情朗读。
在教学尾声,通过播放《高山流水》音乐,让典雅流畅的琴音款款地浸润学生的心灵,再让学生在音乐声中朗读课文,更好地增强课文的表现力,让文言文那优美的韵味深深地植根在学生心中。
教学中,我进行了必要的拓展延伸:“我们知道俞伯牙是当时楚国著名的宫廷乐师,那作为一个有名的音乐家,他的琴声一定不只表现了高山流水,除了泰山峨峨,江河洋洋,俞伯牙的琴声还会表现那些动人的场景呢?”在学生充分想象的基础上,再对“依依杨柳,萋萋芳草,袅袅炊烟……”这样的场景进行拓展说话,有效地调动学生去读书、去思考,步步深入又准确地演绎着文本中丰富的信息,加强积累、培养语感,在不露痕迹的教学中,让学生明白了所谓的知音,就是那个世上最懂你知你的人。我和学生既各自感受着,又互相感染着,美好的情愫在课堂悄然流淌。学生对伯牙、子期的相关阅读链接无法通过自主预习做到,我在教学设计中增加了延伸阅读方面内容,我补充了伯牙和钟子期相遇相知的背景资料。我给学生讲述伯牙在子期墓前作短歌悼念并决然摔琴的一段故事,同时让学生深情朗读伯牙所做短歌,让学生更进一步感悟“知音”情深,理解“伯牙绝弦”。
教学永远是门遗憾的艺术,但我想我们仍需要不断追求,在磨课、上课的过程中,提升自己的课堂教学水平,努力把遗憾降到最低!
《伯牙绝弦》教案篇十九
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《伯牙绝弦》教案篇二十
《伯牙绝弦》选自《列子·汤问》,只有5句话,77个字,而这77个字里却讲述了一个千古流传、感人肺腑的故事。这是六年级上册第八单元的一篇古文,读通读顺文章,理解大意是教学重点,让学生体会到伯牙与子期之间真挚的友情,感受知音情谊是本文的难点。虽然我用的是五年级学生,但这是学生第二次碰到文言文,加上文章比较浅显,字词的理解不算很难,因此一节课下来,得到了听课老师的赞赏。自我感觉有几点做的还算满意。
上课伊始,我便以古琴弹奏“高山流水”导入,让学生迅速进入学习古文的意境。在理解“子期死,伯牙破琴绝弦,终身不复鼓”时,我精心截取又合成了一小段名家广播剧《俞伯牙摔琴谢知音》,补充介绍伯牙在子期墓前悼念子期,故事以惨婉动人的音乐加以烘托,让学生入情入境地体会伯牙那种悲痛欲绝的心情,使学生的情绪达到高潮,甚至有女学生当场哭出声音。
文章不厌百回读,文言文的读更加重要。在初读环节我就发现学生能够读通顺,但不会断句,没有节奏。我适时范读,告诉学生“这是一篇古文,与我们现在一般的文章不同,读古文要注意断句,讲究节奏、韵律的美感,高高低低、起起伏伏,就是我们说的抑扬顿挫。”在初读、再读环节,学生的读就已经达到六遍之多,学生依然不能读出节奏、感情,更读不出韵味。于是,我把朗读与理解进行有机地结合,比如文章的前四句,在理解了意思以后指导学生要读出高兴、激动、称赞的语气,读出知音欢聚的那份融洽与欢乐;文章的后半部分,指导学生读出伯牙寂寞、孤独,绝望和心灰意冷的心情。学生在朗读中反复地品味语言,在品味语言中提升朗读。最后,学生的朗读有了质的飞跃。
整个小学阶段只安排了两篇文言文的学习,如何学习文言文,方法指导显得特别重要。在本课的学习过程中,我不断地总结学法。初读感知的时候告诉学生“读古文不妨多看看注释,这能帮助同学们阅读。”“结合上下文理解是学习古文的一种好办法。”“查字典理解,这也是学习古文的方法之一。”在研读环节,通过对“善”字的对比学习,让学生知道“这种一字多义的现象在古文里很常见。”在理解“洋洋兮若江河”时,“江”、“河”分别指“长江”和“黄河”,使学生知道“一个字就是一个词,这在古文中很常见。”在悟情环节指导读书时让学生明白“理解了古文的意思,和文中人物的心意相通就能够读好古文。”
在品析完“伯牙鼓琴,志在高山,钟子期曰:‘善哉,峨峨兮若泰山!’志在流水,钟子期曰:‘善哉,洋洋兮若江河!’”,我让学生仿照句式进行训练。“既然伯牙善鼓琴,那么他的琴声中一定不只表现了高山流水,除了峨峨泰山、洋洋江河,琴声里还会有哪些场景?”在学生充分想象的基础上,再对“皎皎明月,依依杨柳,萋萋芳草,袅袅炊烟……”这样的场景进行句式练习,有效地调动学生去感受文言文的结构之美,丰富了文本的内容,又在不露痕迹中理解了“伯牙所念,钟子期必得之!”接着话锋一转,“请你想象一下,假如你就是伯牙,一直以来都没人真正能听懂你琴声所表达的心声,而钟子期,不论你弹什么,不论你有怎样的志向和情怀,他都‘必得知’,这时,你的心是一种什么样的感觉?你又会有怎样的感慨?”由于前文铺垫做的充分,此处文章的空白点给了学生极佳的回味和想象空间,此时的学生已经是不吐不快的状态,写话练习达到了意想不到的效果。
当然,教学是遗憾的。一是感觉身为教师的我话还是太多,情绪应该在收敛一些,用文本打动学生,而不是用老师的情绪带动学生。二是没有留出时间指导学生背诵,学古文一定要注重积累,背诵就是一种好的积累方法。还有一点就是我没有让学生用自己的语言“翻译”古文。记得全国小语会理事长崔峦老师在一次学术会议上讲到:“小学阶段的文言文教学,旨在体现小学与初中的衔接,主要是让学生见一见,感受一下,以至于到了初中不感到陌生。”基于这个认识我才对没有让学生具体“翻译“,也不知道这点做的对与不对,上课前应该多找一些老师探讨。