范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。
苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇一
师:(出示“神六”的图片)20xx年十月,我国神舟六号飞船圆满完成了任务,这标志着我国航天事业的发展,我国科技的发达。那段日子真让我们中国人感到自豪,让我们再一次来分享那胜利的时刻。(多媒体出示录象)老师摘录了一些报道,谁来读读。
“神舟六号”承载着中国人新的光荣与梦想,以每秒七千九百米的速度驶入太空,连续几天全世界的眼睛几乎就没有离开中国。经过一百一十五个小时的航行,飞船在航行了三百二十五万千米之后,圆满地完成了任务,顺利地回到了祖国的怀抱。
师:这个信息中有数吗?你能将信息中的哪些数写出来给大家看看?(生试写,先写好的板演。)
看来第三个数比较难写,我们今天就来认识像这样的一类数,板书:认识整万数
1、认识计数单位十万、百万、千万。
(1)请同学们想想我们学过哪些计数单位?(个、十、百、千)
我们还知道了10个一是十,10个十是(一百),10个一百是(一千),10个一千是(一万)。
(2)认识计数单位:十万。
师:怎样在计数器上表示一万?请同学们在自己的计数器上拨一拨。老师请一位同学上来拨。我们一起一万一万地往下数:一万、二万……(边说边拨珠子。)
师:万位上拨了3颗珠子,表示多少个一万?你认为10个一万是多少?在计数器上还可以怎么拨?
学生边说边把万位上的10颗珠子拨去,在十万位上拨上一颗。
教师强调:10个一万是十万。
(3)认识计数单位:百万。
提问:如果十万位上有两颗珠子,表示多少?如果要表示六十万,该怎样拨珠?
学生在学具计数器上拨出六十万。
师:在十万位上再拨3颗珠子,是多少?(生拨)再拨一颗珠子呢?
师:现在十万位上拨了十颗珠子,表示多少?
根据学生的回答,教师指出:十万位上有10颗珠子,表示有10个十万,10个10万是一百万。
师:计数器上还可以怎么拨珠呢?(学生把十万位上的10颗珠拨去,在百万位上拨1颗珠。)
(4)认识计数单位:百万。
师:怎样在计数器上拨出四百万?四百万里有几个百万?下面我们一起一百万一百万地边拨边数:四百万、五百万……十个一百万是多少?
教师指出:十个一百万是一千万。
(5)师:刚才数数的时候,我们又新认识了哪些计数单位?
师:这些计数单位之间有什么关系?(10个一万是十万,10个十万是百万,
10个百万是千万。)
师:相邻的计数单位之间又有怎样的关系?(进率是十)
2、认识数位顺序。
(1)师:把我们认识的计数单位写在作业本上。
师:把这些计数单位按照一定的顺序排一排。(学生独立排列,一生板演。)排好后,把计数单位从右边起读一读。
(2)师:每一个计数单位都有他自己的位置,那就是数位。按照我国的计数习惯,从右边起,每四个数位是一级。个位、十位、百位、千位都属于个级,(在数位顺序表上板书个级。)个级上的数表示多少个一。今天我们认识的万位、十万位、百万位、千万位,它们属于什么级呢?(板书:万级)万级上的数表示什么?(多少个万)
师:想一想,有没有比万级更大的数位呢?还有,我们可以可以用……表示。
师边说边画好数位顺序表,
师:能给这份表格取个名字吗?(板书:数位顺序表)
现在请大家轻轻地把这张数位顺序表记一记,印在脑子里。
现在老师要考考大家了:
⑴从数位顺序表上看,从右边起,依次有哪些数级?
⑵个级有哪些数位?万级有哪些数位?
⑶万位左边依次是()?百万位的左边是()?
⑷2在万位上表示( ),2在十万位上表示( )。
(4)师:看来数位能决定数的大小。2在不同的数位上,所表示的数的大小也不同。
3、读写整万数。
(1)师:认识了计数单位和数位顺序表,下面我们来认识刚才那些比较大的数。
出示刚才信息中的大数“三百二十五万”。
师:你能在计数器上拨一拨这个数吗?它是由多少个万组成的?
生拨珠子,然后说说是由多少个万组成的。
师:你能对照计数器把这个数写下来吗?
学生试着写数,并说说是怎样写的。
师:为什么325万后面用了4个0?
(千万位、百万位、十万位上有数,其余各位没有数,就用0代替。)
指出:先写万级上的数,在写个级上的0。
(2)出示:20xx年,我国茶叶产量……(第86页图)
师:请你先把这些数在计数器上拨一拨,再说说各是多少万,然后写下来,读给同桌听。
师:怎样才能不会读错?(读的时候,把万级和个级轻轻地加一根虚线。)
1、读一读,比一比。(想想做做3)
读一读,比一比,说说发现了什么?
(有多少个万组成,就读多少万。)
2、学到现在大家一定觉得挺累的吧,老师想邀请你们到祖国各地参观一下,在图中你找到的数字信息有哪些?自己读一读。(想想做做4)
师:老师看了这些数,眼睛都花了,那怎么一下就把它给读出来呢?(个级和万级间加虚线)
师:其实,数字不仅能告诉我们面积,也能告诉我们其它的信息。
3、出示想想做做5
师:从图中你知道了什么?能写一写吗?
比较,交流怎样写数。(先按照个级的方法写,再添上4个0)
4、交流各自带来的信息。
师:数学在我们生活中的运用十非常广泛的,课前,同学们也做了一次小小调查员,你们收集到了哪些信息?(先与同桌说一说)师生逐条展示。
①出现有“万”的数(投影),读一读,说一说组成。
②大写的。师:能写出来吗?写一写,说一说组成。
1、课前,学生对整万数已经有了初步认识,他们在生活中对整万数已经有了模糊的认识,老师所要做的只是在学生经验的基础上,做一些必要的提炼和规范。因此,我从复习旧知入手,让学生说说10个一百多少,10个一千是多少,用这样的方式慢慢过渡到新课上来,既让学生认识了新的数位,也让学生初步领会到相邻计数单位间的进率是十。
2、读数写数时,很多学生都觉得自己是会读又会写,但真正读写时犯了多0和少0的问题,那老师就要引导学生在已经认识各数位的前提下,先清楚个级和万级各有4个数位,然后对号入座。这就要建立在学生熟悉数位顺序表的基础上,因此,在完成数位顺序表后,我设计了几个小问题帮助学生理解和巩固。
3、再有就是一些概念之间的混淆。如“数位和计数单位”,“最高位和几位数”等等,要让学生充分比较的前提下,认识它们之间的联系与区别,回答相关问题的时候就不会盲目了。
苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇二
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苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇三
《认识整万数》是一节四年级的课,我想挑战一下不同年级的教学设计与课堂的感觉,备了这节课,也在一个班上进行了试上,《认识整万数》教学反思。
试上时发现这样几个问题:
一、学生对计数单位和数位认识非常地模糊,说明以前这块知识非常地薄弱;
二、由一个计数器不够用而产生将两个计数器合并在一起的想法是我的预设,而学生并没有按照这样的思维去思考,或者说这样想法他们从来没想过;
三、观察个级数和万级数,有什么发现,有什么好的记忆方法,在小组交流后仍然一无所获。根据课堂上学生反馈的情况,我进行了反思并对教学设计进行了再调整。
周三,市教研员周远明老师专程来听我的课,给我指导,提出了这样几点意见,让我很是受用。第一、教学思路很是清晰,但较平面,教学方法有些单一,读数、写数、拨珠,教学的顺序从五位数到六位数七位数模式一样。第二、要注重对学生思维的训练,思维含量还不够高,可以在拐弯处如99个万+1个万=( )个万=( )万。其实在试上时我也曾这样提问过,因为学生没有积极的反应,所以我取缔了这个设计。现在想想还是自己的设计有问题,应该在课件上打出,有明显地呈现方式才对,光在头脑中想学生肯定有困难。这样的设计才能激发出学生的思维之花,才能有思考,一个问题可以看出一种智慧。
三、数位顺序表与数的位数没有对应教学,其实这是种非常好的检查写数的方法,最高位什么位是几位数,这块原先练习设计里有安排但给我删了,还是自己思考不够缜密。
四、有过程有小结,但没有突出方法,读数的方法、写数的方法,在新课结束后应该让学生自己来观察总结。所以在教学中如何落实过程与方法的教学也是我要认真思考的。
一节课虽说不可能有完美,但自己备时总觉得已是最好,专家一指点,就会有顿然醒悟之感,所以立即反思,即时记录,以便以后更进一步地学习,总结经验。教海无崖,我会用心去实践!
苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇四
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苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇五
今天执教了苏教版四年级上册《认识整万数》,整节课下来觉得还是留有遗憾,首先说一说我的设计思路。
首先从学生原有的基础知识入手,借助学生已经学过的计数器,通过拨动计数器上的珠子来表示数的大小,让学生明确“满十进一”的十进制计数法,学生对于在计数器上拨2、20、200这样的个级数时,容易调动学生学习的积极性,待学生拨到9000这个数时,就产生了认识上的冲突,觉得数位不够,这时学生就想到再借助一个新的计数器,可是我呈现给学生的还是一个个级计数器,学生觉得直接进位是不可以的,要先将个位改写成万位,然后再进一,自然产生了万位,接着学生跟着老师的计数器数一数,待学生数到九万时,这时自然产生了十万,学生就在数的过程中产生了万级数位顺序表。
我在这个环节的教学,并没有借用书上的素材,而是选用了学生较为熟悉的房屋价格,首先呈现的是毛胚房,总价:三十二万,这时就让学生在自己的计数器上拨出这个数,然后请学生上来写出这个数,学生借助计数器写的很快,接着呈现别墅:一百三十二万,学生在下面自由拨数,请学生上来写数,最后出现一个一百万,学生在这样的环节中都能很快的拨数、写数。
建议修改:在学生写完大屏幕上的数时,教师这时可以接着让学生拨出44万这个数,学生这时觉得老师提供的珠子不够,让学生脱离计数器来写数,你会写吗?然后强调一下几个万就先写几,然后要将个级数上用4个0来占位,并且指出每个4所表示的意义。
在教学读数时,采用逆反的方法,首先让学生根据万级数来说一说有几个万,例如:340000里有几个万呀?8970000里有几个万呀?然后让学生说说你是怎样知道了,先将个级与万级数分开,看有多少个万就读多少万。
最后通过读一读,比一比,让学生体会到在读万级数和读个级数的方法类似,只要在万级数后面读出万字就可以了。
一、让学生体验从具体到抽象的过程中,要注意过渡的自然
在今天的这节课中,我觉得具体的还可以,但是过渡到抽象的部分不是形如流水,没有调动学生参与的积极性,也并没有让学生在疑问中主动抽象出写数的方法,重点不突出,难点没有突破,这时本节课的败笔之一。
二、教师的连贯性语言有待进一步的提高
在本节课中,对于每个教学环节的过渡性语言没有体验艺术性,课堂中的对话不是很简洁,有时即使简洁了,可是说话的方式还有进一步的改善。
三、导入要简,新知要详,时间要合理
我觉得本节课在导入是以及顺序表的产生花费太多的时间,以至于对于后面整万数的读和写没来及让学生去探究和发现,原本设计的意图是根据学生已有的知识经验,让学生在乐中学,只可惜时间安排的不是很合理,重点的教学环节设计没有突出。
苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇六
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苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇七
大家吃过海门甜瓜吗?你知道它出产于海门哪里吗?常乐镇是江苏省新农村建设的示范基地。老师这里有一个相关的调查报告,请大家看一看:
20xx年10月经国家农业综合开发办公室“国农办(20xx)352号”文件批准建设。海门市国家农业综合开发现代化示范项目在海门市常乐镇展开。项目计划总投资为三千七百四十万元。项目建设以后,新增农业产值八千六百六十万元。新增农民纯收入总额为一千六百九十万元。其中:大棚种植新增效益七百五十万元,蔬菜种植新增效益四百五十万元,其他种植新增效益一百万元。家禽养殖业以后新增效益两百万元安排农村劳动力新增的收入一百九十万元。
读了以后,你有什么感受?你从哪儿感受到的?
揭示课题
1认识计数单位“万”、“十万”、“百万”、“千万”
出示计数器,从右往左读一读认识的数位:个、十、百、千
在千位上拨一颗珠子,表示多少?你是怎么知道的?
依次拨珠子,拨到九千时,再拨一颗呢?你怎么知道的?(10个一千是1万)
一万一万地往下数(边拨珠边与学生一起数),万位上拨10颗表示多少?(10个一万是十万)
你能依次类推,说一说10个十万是多少?10个一百万呢?
2读写整万数
出示课始的数据。
(1)读一读,这个数是由多少个万组成的。
(2)在计数器上表示出这个数。
(3)在计数器的下面试着把三个数写出来。
交流:你是怎么写的?
比较这几个数的共同点,你有什么发现?
总结写数方法。
3认识数位顺序表
看着数位顺序表,能令你读数、写数又快又准。老师这儿有一张缺损的数位顺序表,你能把它补好吗?
根据我国的计数习惯,从右往左每四个数位分为一级,从个位到千位称为“个级”,万位、十万位、百万位、千万位就是“万级“。
有没有比万级更大的数位呢?我们可以用……表示。
记数位顺序表,同桌说说。
[案例2](实小黄斌)
一、读两组数,引出整万数。
1九、九十、二百零三、九千零四
2九万、九十万、二百零三万、九千零四万
第二组数有什么特点?和第一组数有什么不同?
二、创造
(一)拨数,创造计数单位
请出一位老朋友——计数器
认识已有的计数单位:个、十、百、千,说说计数单位间的关系。
1拨数:4、40、400、4000。
引导学生以画代拨。
2联想:接下来如果再拨一个数,可能是多少?
3创造:看着计数器,能拨出这个数吗?为什么?怎么办?
4比万大的计数单位还有没有?说说看。
说说计数单位对应的数位。
比较:新的计数单位“万”、“十万”、“百万”、“千万”以及相应数位与“千”、“百”、“十”、“个”的异同点,体验万级上的计数单位与个级上的计数单位之间的一一对应关系。
5介绍数位顺序表的知识及分级计数的习惯。
(二)读数、构建读、写整万数的方法
1研究:同桌合作研究课一开始读的四个整万数。
(1)说说这个数表示几个万。
(2)在计数器上拨出这个数。
(3)对照计数器,写下四个数。
(4)总结一下好方法、
小窍门。
2交流:全班集体探讨写数的方法。
总结方法:从高级写起,万级上怎么读就怎么写,个级上写4个0。
3读数:引导学生用写数的策略试着读一读整万数,并再一次总结方法。
450000、300000、12050000、90000000、250000、10290000、5000000
总结方法:四位分级,万级上怎么写就怎么读,再在后面添一个“万”字。
三、小结
四、练习
反思:
黄老师的课很很注意让学生在比较中探索获取新知。引入时,九、九十、二百零三、九千零四与九万、九十万、二百零三万、九零四万的比较读,为沟通万级和个级的知识作了铺垫;创造计数单位时,比较“个、十、百、千”和“万、十万、百万、千万”的异同点,体验个级的计数单位和万级的计数单位的相似性和对应性,学生不但深刻体会到了万级的计数单位这个新知,而且为亿级数的学习埋下了伏笔;读数写数时,写数是根据学生读数的经验,怎么读就怎么写,读数又是根据写数经验,怎么写就怎么读,读写沟能,方法合一。
我也在比较中反思自己的教学。如何引导学生主动探索,成为学习的主人,是我一直思考的问题。教学《认识整万数》时,在我还为找到一组家乡建设的数据而暗自窃喜时,课堂上学生对这一情境的过激反应泼了我一大盆冷水,学生对于这组数据想说的太多了,他们完全忽视了对数据本身的关注,费了好大劲才把学生的注意力转移到数据本身。而黄老师直接从抽象的数引入教学,学生在只有“个、十、百、千”四个数位的计数器上拨出了四、四十、四百、四千,再拨四万,他们面对数位不够的计数器,产生了需要增加数位的思维冲动,由此整改成了含有个级与万级的计数器来认识更大的数。教师这样从学生的已有认知出发引入数学问题,对教学内容的进行了重新建构,抓住了数学的实质,把教师的教变成学生主动的探索、创造,让学生真正成为学习的主人。
苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇八
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苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇九
有效的教学方法,源自于学习内容自身的规定性及儿童内在的心理需求。在备“认识整万数”一课,在确定教学思路之前,我们考虑下面几个问题:
在“整数”这一知识序列中,“整万数”究竟处于怎样的特殊位置,它具有怎样的承前启后的作用?
对于一个只具备“认识万以内数”的经验的三年级学生而言,“整万数的认识”将对其构成怎样的认知难度与思维挑战:仅仅凭借原有的认知结构即可实现对新知的同化?还是需要借助知识结构的顺应,在重构中完成对新知的理解与掌握?
其实,在学生的生活及视野范围内,整万数并不多见。在导入“水立方”的工程造价90830000元,多数学生都读不出来。在练习中,在没有分级线的情况下,不止一个学生将340000读作“三十万四万”。这一现象引发了我们的思考:学生已有的读数经验似乎无法同化新知,当一个数出现万级后,那就不再沿袭原有的读数方法,而改之以“分级计数”的方法。这是一次方法系统的飞跃,也是学生读数方法的一次突破。而这,仅凭学生已有的经验,是无法通过方法迁移顺利实现的。
导入从拨数开始。这一过程,是学生对计数器、计数单位、数位的一次回顾,是他们相关经验储备的唤醒和复苏。至于比较的过程,意在帮助学生感受位值原理,为后续整万数的学习奠定基石。而由3000到30000,是规律的自然延展,是新知的自然引入,更是认知冲突的引发。
在教学过程,在教师的引导下,当同桌两位同学通过合作,想出“将两个小计数器合并成一个大计数器”时,我以为,这里不仅仅是一个问题解决的过程,更是学生知识结构的一次拓展。对于“四位一级”的分级计数方法,简单的告诉固然可以,但无法帮助学生建立对这种分级计数方法的深刻理解与感悟,而“4+4”的拼合过程,恰恰以一种直观、形象的方式构造出了“级”的雏形,为学生随后进一步感悟并理解“分级计数”的数学模型奠定基础。
在培养学生感受大数目的数感时,用课件展示了与学生生活熟悉的人民币,感受整万数在生活和学习中的价值。
练习量显然偏少,这与学习计数器、计数单位及分级计数方法时的充分展开有必然关系。但有限的练习如何用好,我们仍然围绕分级计数的方法进行。学生每拨一个数之前都需要思考:这个数是万以内的数还是整万数,需要在哪一级拨珠?用的珠子个数相同,为何拨出的数大小、写法、读法不同?每组中的两个数之间有什么区别,又有什么联系?等等。从而始终将学生的思考聚焦于本课的“节骨眼”,有效地突破了本课的教学难点。
结尾的小游戏对学生而言又是一次新的挑战。通过认读,使学生互相补充,共同完善有助于知识的积累和自主学习能力的提高。
苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇十
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苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇十一
从参加中山市石岐区的比赛出线,到参加中山市的比赛,再到参加广东省第六届小学数学优质课评比,这节叫作《整万数的认识》的课我已经上了很多次了。回想起这几个月研究这节课的经历,真是收获颇多。
这节课是大数的认识中第一节课,有着承前启后的作用。在学习万以内数的基础上,继续认识三个新的计数单位-----“十万”、“百万”、“千万”,并结合新的计数单位认识三个数位-----“十万位”、“百万位”、“千万位”;“在教师介绍了我国的数位分级知识之后,结合整万数的意义和分级的知识教学整万数的读写方法,为以后学习其它亿以内数的读写方法打好基础。
先说引入环节,在省赛上采用的是学生收集生活中的数据,看似传统,实则创新。关于这节课收集数据也有一个难点,就是怎样能让学生收集到的数据正好是整万数。刚开始,我是给学生一个收集数据的例子,然后希望学生按照这样的例子去收集,但是效果并不好,其中有一次课一个整万数也没有搜集到。最终采取的办法是让学生去搜集自己喜欢汽车价格,因为汽车的价格一般都是多少万元,这样的效果就好多了。
再说说认识计数单位“十万”、“百万”、“千万”的教学环节。学生在三年级已经很好的掌握了万以内的数,所以在这一环节采用的类比迁移学习方法。学习的载体是模拟计数器,先让学生在计数器上从一千拨到一万,这是学习新知的起点,在学生回忆出“十个一千是一万,千位上满十向万位进一”之后,再让学生边说边拨,拨到九万,接下来就是本节课第一个关键的结点,处理好这个环节,接下去就会顺理成章了。如何能使学生体会到“十个一万是十万”呢?最好的办法就是利用“十个一千是一万”进行类推,使学生充分体会每数满10个单位就产生一个新的计数单位,感受了两个相邻计数单位间的进率都是10。学生体会到这一点,认识“百万”和“千万”就水到渠成了。
认识了新的计数单位,让学生及时整理数位顺序表。在这一环节,通过填写知道从个位到千万位的数位顺序,初步把这些数位分成个级和万级。对于如何使学生加深对个级和万级的理解,并没有做什么特别的处理,主要是基于这样的考虑:学生对分级的知识是第一次接触,缺乏足够的感性积累,教师寄希望于在教学整万数的读写过程渗透分级的知识。可以看到这样处理还是有不足之处的,通过几次上课,发现学生对分级掌握的并不深刻。
接下去的环节就是结合整万数的意义教学读法和写法。学生对照计数器已经能自己写出整万数,也初步会读整万数了。教学的目的就是让学生结合整万数的意义初步总结写整万数的方法-----先写万级上的数,然后在后面添上4个0。在读整万数的时候是学生明白把整万数分成个级和万级,可以很容易的读出来。整万数的读法和写法是通过三辆汽车的价格来教学的,这样处理的好处是素材贴近学生的生活,可以激发学生学习的积极性;不足之处是,三个数据中没有几千万的,学生以后写几千万可能会出现问题。
教学了读写方法之后,教师以人民币为素材,让学生感受一百万多少,从而增强学生对大数的感性认识。这一环节实现效果的好坏主要依赖于多媒体课件的效果,实践证明,收到了非常好的效果。
再说一说练习,由于在读写方法的总结和大数的感悟花了较多的时间,所以练习的量感觉有一点少。可是,从整体的效果来看,学生对于整万数意义的理解深刻之后,读和写都不成问题。
这节课主要是采用类比迁移的方法,放手让学生自主学习,自主探索,侧重对意义的理解和大数的感受。教师和学生在课堂上是和谐互动的,学生能在这节课获得成功的体验。
苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇十二
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苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇十四
1. 使学生在具体的活动中,感受大数的意义,了解十进制计数法,认识计数单位万、十万、百万和千万,会根据数级正确地读、写整万数。
2. 使学生通过了解一些具体事物的数量的多少,感受大数目在生活和学习中的价值,培养对数学学习的兴趣。
师:(屏幕呈现计数器)认识吗?
生:认识,这是一个计数器。
简要回顾计数单位、数位。师:我们可以在计数器上拨珠表示出大小不同的`数。不过,每一位上最多只能拨几颗珠?(9颗)
师:要是再添1颗,那就得
生:满十向前一位进一了。(板书: 满十进一)
师:同学们手中都有一个这样的计数器,还有一些珠子。下面,我们一起来玩一个拨数游戏,好吗?(好)
师生共同完成拨数游戏,依次拨出3、30、300和3 000。(学生很快发现其中的规律,并快速地拨数)
师:刚才四个数大小一样吗?(不一样)可每次用的珠子的个数
生:都一样,都是3颗。
师:那有什么不同?
生:它们所在的数位不同。
师:看来,同样的3颗珠,拨在不同的数位上,表示的数的大小也不同。既然大家已经找到规律,猜猜看,第五个数该拨谁了?(三万)
师:(屏幕呈现30 000)30 000是一个较大的数,看看这个数,再看看你手中的计数器,你能想办法拨出这个数吗?(学生中出现不同的意见)
师:瞧,出现不同的声音了!认为能的同学,先来说说你们的想法。
生1:可以在千位上拨30颗珠。因为10个千是一万,30个千就是三万。
生2:不能这样拨,计数器每个数位上最多只有9颗珠,哪来30颗珠?
生3:在计数器上拨珠,满十就得进一,更不要说满三十了。
师:用这个计数器拨不出三万,是算珠不够吗?
生:不对,是我们计数器上的数位不够。
师:(相机询问同桌的两个学生)你的计数器有几个数位?(四个)你的呢?(四个)如果允许同桌俩合作,你能想出巧妙的方法拨出三万这个数吗?
学生稍作思考,随后兴奋地把两个计数器合在了一起。
师:谁来说说你们想出了什么办法?
生:我们发现一个计数器只有四个数位,于是把两个计数器合并到一起,并在左边的计数器的个位上拨上3颗珠。
教师借助多媒体呈现该生的拨法(如图)。
生1:个位上拨3颗珠,表示的是三,不是三万。应该把左边这个计数器上的个改成万。
生2:因为千的左边应该是万。
生3:改成万以后,这一位就成了万位,万位上拨3颗珠,才是三万。
生4:我还有补充,既然这里的个改成了万,那左边的十百千也该改一改。
师:说得真好!那你们会改吗?试试看。
同桌俩合作,边讨论,边将左边的十百千改成十万百万千万。
学生交流后,教师在屏幕上依次呈现如图。
组织学生交流调整计数器的方法,突出直接在十百千的后面添上万得到十万百万千万的方法。
师:这样看来,新增加的计数单位万、十万、百万、千万和原来的四个计数单位个、十、百、千之间还存在着一一对应的关系呢!(多媒体演示)
师:瞧,普普通通的计数器上,还隐藏着有趣的规律呢!那这些新的计数单位究竟有多大,它们之间又有怎样的关系?下面,让我们拨珠数数,进一步研究大数的计数方法。
借助多媒体课件,引导学生从一万开始,一万一万地数到十万,揭示10个一万是十万,继而十万十万地数到一百万,一百万一百万地数到一千万,并依次揭示10个十万是一百万10个一百万是一千万。
师:计数器变了,相应的数位顺序表又会发生怎样的变化呢?
引导学生对照计数器,说一说千位左边是哪四个数位,并全班交流。
师:新增加的四个数位都和什么有关?(万)而且这四个数位和原来的四个数位还一一对应,所以,我国的计数方法中把这四个数位统称为万级,而原先的千位、百位、十位、个位则统称为个级。(呈现拓展后的数位顺序表)
师:有了合适的计数器和数位顺序表,我们就能认识更大的数了。张老师是个汽车迷,这两天从网上收集了几款汽车图片及它们的价格。先来看这辆大众车。(学生轻声估价: 20万、30万不等,教师随即出示价格:二十三万元)那二十三万究竟是多少,你能在新的计数器上拨出这个数吗?
学生试拨,教师巡视,作个别指导,并请一个学生上台试拨。
师:能说说你是怎么想的吗?
生:在十万位上拨2颗珠,表示二十万;在万位上拨3颗珠,表示三万,合起来就是二十三万。
出示表示23的计数器,引导学生通过比较理解23个一和23个万所表示的意义。
师:会写二十三万吗?对照计数器,试着写一写。(学生试写,教师请一个学生板演)
巡视时,发现一个学生一开始写成23 000,看完黑板上的写法后,及时改正过来。(教师引导学生通过比较,进一步明确二十三万的写法)
师:老师还带来了另两款汽车。出示宝马、奔驰汽车图片,其中宝马汽车标价一百零四万,奔驰汽车没有标价。(学生纷纷估价)
师:既然同学们都想估一估这款奔驰车的价格,那好,给你一点提示:它的价格比这款大众贵多了,但要比这款宝马便宜一些。你们能比较准确地估计出它的价格吗?(三个学生估计的价格分别是:100万、102万、98万)
师:这些价格都有可能。如果老师再给你一点提示:如果要在计数器上拨出这款奔驰车的价格,只需要1颗珠就够了。
生:(欣喜地)一百万!
师:真棒!(出示价格)那一百零四万和一百万究竟有多大呢?下面,请同学们先在自己的计数器上拨一拨,再把这两个数分别写下来。
学生拨数、写数,一个学生在黑板上拨出并写下一百零四万,随后简要交流拨数、写数时的想法。(教师从学生中收集到三种不同写法: 10 000、100 000、1 000 000)
引导学生通过比较和交流,明确10 000、100 000、1 000 000的意义。
师:刚才,我们借助计数器认识了一些较大的数。观察这些数,它们有什么共同的地方?
生:它们的个级上都是0。
师:像这些个级上都是0、表示多少个万的数,就是我们今天要认识的整万数。(板书课题)这些整万数,会读吗?谁来读一读?
学生试读,教师结合学生的读法,引导学生体会:像这样的整万数,万级上是多少,就读多少万。
师:光会写、会读这些数还不够,像二十三万、一百零四万、一百万究竟有多大呢?让我们一起来真切地感受一下。
课件呈现:1张一百元、100张一百元捆成一捆、23捆、100捆和104捆,帮助学生感受它们的实际大小,并通过交流这些数的组成,理解大数的意义。
师:还想玩拨数游戏吗?(想)不过,有一个特殊的要求: 老师报的数如果需要在个级上拨珠,请同桌俩坐右边的同学拨,如果需要在万级上拨珠,请坐左边的同学拨。拨完后,再把这个数写下来。
明确游戏规则后,教师引导学生先后拨出并写下150 000、15、2 100 000、210、30 030 000、3 003六个数,并用课件成组呈现相应的计数器的图片。
师:观察每一组中的两个数,你有什么发现?(学生发表各自的认识和理解)
结合学生的交流,教师再呈现几个整万数,引导学生通过画分级线的方法深入探索它们的读法与写法。
师:最后,让我们再次回到课一开始时的拨数游戏上来。利用3颗珠,我们从3拨到30,再到300、3 000、30 000。还能继续往下拨吗?下一个会是多少?
生:三十万、三百万、三千万。
师:如果还是这个计数器,能拨出第九个数吗?
生:不能。
生:如果要拨出第九个数,那得用三个小计数器合起来。
生:那得用到亿级。
师:没错。新增加的亿级又会有哪些数位,含有亿级的数又该如何读、如何写,下一课我们将继续研究。
有效的教学方法,源自于学习内容自身的规定性及儿童内在的心理需求。我们一直提倡要解读教材、分析学情,道理就在这里。
鉴于此,备认识整万数一课,在正式确定教学思路之前,我始终努力思考着如下几个问题:首先,在整数这一知识序列中,整万数究竟处于怎样的特殊位置,它具有怎样的承前启后的作用?其次,对于一个只具备认识万以内数的经验的四年级学生而言,整万数的认识将对其构成怎样的认知难度与思维挑战:仅仅凭借原有的认知结构即可实现对新知的同化?还是需要借助知识结构的顺应,在重构中完成对新知的理解与掌握?
课前,我们又借助问卷进行了非正式的随访,调查的结果显示: 学生对于整万数的了解、接触并不像我们想象的那样知之甚多。事实上,在他们的生活及视野范围内,整万数并不多见。尤其是,不止一个学生将340 000读作三十万四万。这一现象引发了我的思考:学生已有的读数经验似乎无法同化新知,当一个数出现万级后,那就不再沿袭原有的读数方法,而改之以分级计数的方法。这是一次方法系统的飞跃,也是学生读数方法的一次突破。而这,仅凭学生已有的经验,是无法通过方法迁移顺利实现的。
如此想来,如何引导学生鲜明、深刻地建构起对级这一规定性知识的认识,是这节课的节骨眼,并将直接制约着学生对整万数的意义、读法及写法的掌握。而相应的教学思路也就据此展开。
导入从拨数游戏开始。这一过程,是学生对计数器、计数单位、数位的一次回顾,是他们相关经验储备的唤醒和复苏。至于比较的过程,意在帮助学生感受位值原理,为后续整万数的学习奠定基石。而由3 000到30 000,是规律的自然延展,是新知的自然引入,更是认知冲突的引发。教学至此,可谓课伊始,疑已生。
随后的教学过程,恰恰见证了这样一点: 学生的智慧潜力是值得尊重与信赖的!在教师的引导下,当同桌两位同学通过合作,想出将两个小计数器合并成一个大计数器时,我以为,这里不仅仅是一个问题解决的过程,更是学生知识结构的一次拓展。对于四位一级的分级计数方法,简单的告诉固然可以,但无法帮助学生建立对这种分级计数方法的深刻理解与感悟,而4+4的拼合过程,恰恰以一种直观、形象的方式构造出了级的雏形,为学生随后进一步感悟并理解分级计数的数学模型奠定基础。
当然,仅有拼的过程是远远不够的: 拼成的新计数器中,右起第五个计数单位个为什么要改成万?相应的十百千又该作怎样的调整?这当中又蕴含着怎样的数学规律?这一规律与分级计数又有着怎样的内在关联课堂上,对每一个问题的追问与慎思,事实上都促发了学生更深层面的数学思考,而关于计数单位、数位、级、分级计数等一系列的数学知识、方法、思想等,恰是在思考的过程中得以建构与生成的。
例题以汽车及其价格作研究题材,这一选择有其明显的失误: 汽车的价格超过千万的实属少见,这就大大限制了例题中数据的选择。之所以选择这一题材,一方面,城市学校中有很多学生对汽车极为喜好和关注,对汽车的价格也比较熟悉;另一方面,生活中关于人民币的交付有一个约定俗成的规定,那就是整万元的现金,通常都是以一万元(在银行中表现为一捆)为单位的,如:230 000元则表现为23捆。其可以帮助学生认识整万数的组成,进而更好地理解分级计数的方法。
练习量显然偏少,这与学习计数器、计数单位及分级计数方法时的充分展开有必然关系。但有限的练习如何用好,我们仍然围绕分级计数的方法进行。学生每拨一个数之前都需要思考:这个数是万以内的数还是整万数,需要在哪一级拨珠?用的珠子个数相同,为何拨出的数大小、写法、读法不同?每组中的两个数之间有什么区别,又有什么联系?等等。从而始终将学生的思考聚焦于本课的节骨眼,有效地突破了本课的教学难点。
结尾处是对课首小游戏的一次呼应。三万不是这个数列的终结,有了新的计数器,三十万、三百万、三千万也就顺理成章。如果还是这个计数器,能拨出第九个数吗这一问题的抛出,对学生而言又是一次新的挑战。事实上,再加一个数位,或者再加一个四位的小计数器都能解决问题,但区分处也恰在于分级计数的方法与意识了。
苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇十五
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苏教版认识整万数教学反思篇十六
苏教版《义务教育课程标准实验教科书数学》四年级(上册)第86~87页。
1. 了解计数单位、数位的产生,进一步认识万级的计数单位和数位,掌握含个级和万级的数位顺序表;理解整万数表示的意义,能正确地读、写整万数。
2. 联系实际,初步感知整万数的大小,感受整万数的实际应用。
由时间单位和面积单位的选择引入,说明人们在测量和计算时,需要根据具体情况选择合适的计量单位。
师:计数时要用到计数单位。你知道什么是计数吗?(不知道)
师:简单的说,计数就是数数。(出示石子计数的图片)人类祖先曾经用过石子计数,例如抓到1只羊,用1个小石子表示;(出示很多石子)这位祖先抓到的羊很多(学生笑),怎么办呢?(出示大石子)
师:猜一猜,这个大的石子表示什么?(1个十)像个、十就是计数单位。如果十不够怎么办?(用百表示)百不够呢?(用千)
师:个、十、百、千是我们已经学过的计数单位。(板书:个、十、百、千)
出示:4个小石子和2个大石子。小石子在前,大石子在后。
师:这些石子表示的数是多少?(24)为什么不是42呢,4个小石子在2个大石子前面啊?
生:1个大石子表示1个十,2个就是2个十,4个小石子就是4个一,合起来就是24。
师:对!计数时,计数单位的位置是有规定的。像计数单位十的位置就必须在计数单位个的前面。计数单位所在的位置叫做数位,像计数单位一所在的数位就是个位,十所在的数位呢?百、千呢?(对应计数单位板书:个位、十位、百位、千位)
师:我们知道个、十、百、千都是计数单位,它们所在的数位分别是个位、十位、百位、千位。
出示:20xx年我国甘蔗产量是90 240 000吨;20xx年我国油菜籽产量是11 420 000吨。谁能把这两句话读一读?(举手的同学很少,第一个学生读不出,第二个学生准确读出,第三个学生大声地准确读出)
师:你们想知道这些大数怎么读吗?想和这两个同学读的一样好吗?(学生频频点头)今天我们就来一起认数。(揭示课题:认数)
师:比千大的计数单位是什么?(万)几个千是一万?(十个千是一万)
师:感觉一万怎么样?(很大)比万大的计数单位是什么?(十万)
出示:100 000个小正方体排成的100×10×100的长方体。(学生不由得发出惊叹声)
师:比十万大的是什么?(百万)比百万大的呢?(千万)咱们这个屏幕已经放不下了,你能想象一下吗?(学生不由自主地闭上眼睛想象,并不断发出惊叹声)
师:比千大的计数单位有万、十万、百万、千万,它们所在的数位是什么?
生:万位、十万位、百万位、千万位。(相机板书)
师:还有更大的计数单位吗?(有。个别学生还说出了“亿”)是的,还有很多。(在千万、千万位前面板书省略号)
1. 了解计数器上的数位。
师:刚才我们用小正方体表示计数单位,太麻烦了,好在我们有计数器。(出示一个四位的计数器)一个计数器够吗?(不够)那我们可以用两个(将两个计数器合并成一个计数器)。
师:千位左边是什么?(学生逐一读出万位、十万位、百万位、千万位)
2. 写五位的整万数。
师:(在计数器的万位上拨1颗珠)这表示多少?(一万)
继续在计数器的万位上依次拨出2颗、3颗、4颗珠,学生依次读出两万、三万、四万。
师:会写吗?把四万这个数写出来。
师:你是怎么写的?
生:先写一个4,再写四个0。(板书:40 000)
分别在万位接着拨出5颗、6颗、7颗、8颗、9颗珠,学生依次读数,并写出七万、九万,交流写法。
3. 初步感受万级数的意义。
师:我们在写四万时,先写4,再写四个0。(指40 000中的“4”)“4”表示什么?(4个一万)
师:(指70 000中的“7”、90 000中的“9”)“7”表示什么?“9”呢?(7个一万、9个一万)
师:这几个数有什么相同的地方?(末四位都是0)为什么?
生:都是在万位上拨珠,千位、百位、十位、个位上没有珠,所以用0表示。
师:是呀,当某个数位上一颗珠也没有时,就写0占位!写几万的时候,先写什么?
生:写几万都先写那个几。
师:哦,几万就先写几。再写——(四个0)
4. 写六位的整万数。
师:(在9万上再拨1颗珠)再拨1颗珠是——
生:满十进一,10个一万是十万。
将万位上的10颗珠退去,在十万位上拨1颗珠,再在万位上拨1颗珠,学生答十一万。
师:会写这个数吗?(学生写数)怎么写?
生:先写11,再写四个0。(板书: 110 000)
帮助写错的学生找出错误原因,并订正。
在万位上继续拨珠,学生依次读出十二万、十三万、十四万、十五万,写出十五万。
师:(边说边拨珠)在万位上拨9颗珠,十万位上拨9颗珠,会写吗?
生:先写99,再写四个0。
师:这些数中的“11”“15”“99”表示什么?(11个万,15个万,99个万)怎样写出这些数?
生:是多少万就先写多少,再写四个0。
师:这些数都表示多少万,这样的数都是整万数。整万数都有什么特点?
生:末尾都有四个0。
5. 写七、八位的整万数。
师:在99万的基础上再拨一颗珠,是多少万?(一百万)
师生合作拨出一百万、一百零一万,并写数。
师:看来,要想既对又快地写出整万数,还要有一个检查的方法,怎么检查?
生:末尾都是四个0。
师:我们可以把这四个0和前面的数分开,(在1 010 000上画分级线)可以用这样的方法,检查是不是把数写对了。
先在计数器上拨出199万,学生读数、写数,接着从一百九十六万拨到一百九十九万,要求学生读数。
师:现在计数器上是199万,再拨一个珠是多少?(二百万)对,满十进一。
师继续在计数器上拨珠,学生依次读出二百零一万……二百零六万,并写出二百零六万,指导学生用画线的方法检查。
出示:十万十万地数,从九百六十万数到一千零二十万。
师生共同拨珠、读数、写数、校对。
师:刚才我们把这些整万数分成了两个部分,后面是四个0,前面这些数表示什么?
生:多少个万。
师:这些数(指万级上的数)都表示多少个万。按照中国的计数习惯,从右边起,每四个数位是一级。个位、十位、百位、千位是个级,万位、十万位、百万位、千万位,是万级。刚才将个级数与万级数分开实际上就是将整万数分级,所画的虚线叫做分级线。
师:万级的数都表示——(多少个万)1 010 000中的“101”表示——(101个万)
师:大数容易读错,用分级的方法把万级和个级分开,就不容易读错了。
完成“想想做做”第3题,要求把整万数先分级,再读一读、比一比。(学生正确读数)
师:既然让我们读一读,比一比,你在读的过程中比了什么?
生:先读万级的数,要在后面加上一个“万”。
师:(指85万)读万级中的数和我们以前读数的方法有什么联系?(一样)为什么还要加上“万”?
生:不加上“万”就变成85了。
师:对,那就变成哪一级的数了?(个级)万级的数都表示多少个万,所以读的时候要加上一个“万”字。
师:生活中的大数有很多。(出示图片:南京奥体中心体育馆有座位60 000个)
学生读数。
师:60 000有多大呢?我们一个班有多少人?(46人)就算50人吧,你知道要多少个这样的班级才能坐满体育馆?(学生算出结果,都很惊讶)
出示:100 000张纸摞在一起有多高?
师:猜猜这一摞纸大约有多高?(学生发表不同的意见,并引导学生通过计算得出结果)
出示:(1) 天安门广场是世界上最大的城市广场,面积有400 000平方米。
(2) 北京著名的园林——颐和园面积约是2 900 000平方米。
学生读数,并通过交流感受数的实际大小。
出示课始两个数据,师:现在你会读了吗?(让开始不会读的学生读数)
师生合作,按要求拨珠、写数。(教师说要求,指名按要求拨珠,其他同学写数)
师:学习整万数可以帮助我们了解更多的知识。
出示:(1) 大约在六千五百万年前,恐龙就灭绝了,原因到现在还是个谜。(2) 全世界可确认的昆虫大约有七十万种。(3)根据联合国教科文组织统计,每年约有60 000个物种灭绝。(4) 大气污染导致每年约有300 000~700 000人因烟尘污染而提前死亡,25000000儿童患上慢性咽炎。
学生读数、写数,并适时对学生进行环保意识的教育。
师:今天我们学习了什么内容?(认识整万数)还有什么问题?(没有)老师这里有两个问题,有兴趣的可以回去了解一下。
1. “按照我国的计数习惯”要分级计数,西方国家是按什么习惯计数的呢?请课后通过走访或查阅资料了解这方面的知识,并和同学交流。
2. 如果数目很大,计数单位不够了,怎么办?