在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇一
其次我懂得了做任何事情都要认真细致,不能有丝毫的马虎,特别是在使用水准仪,经纬仪这样精密的仪器时,更要做到精益求精。因为稍有差错就可能导致数据的偏差很大,更会导致以后其它量的测量出错,最终导致数据计算的错误,比如我们刚开始测量角度时,一个基准点没有瞄准,导致一个角度偏小,然后角度的闭合差也不符合要求,经过校验,才发现问题出在哪儿。
我还学会了吃苦耐劳,学会了艰苦奋斗的作风。实习期间恰好是寒冬时节,临潼的温度非常低,对于露天作业的我们是一个不小的挑战,我们改掉以往睡懒觉的习惯,早上七点不到就起来,不到八点就开始测量,因为冬季天的黑的早,所以我们就必须充分利用白天的时间,一直到晚上天黑无法看清为止。一次测量实习要完整的做完,单靠一个人的力量和思考是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成。我们每个组员都学到知识而且会实际操作,而不是抢时间,赶进度,草草了事收工。我们深知搞工程这一行,需要的就是细心,做事严谨。
通过这次实习我自己还总结出一些测量时应该注意的事项。
(1)标尺要立直,尽量避免晃动,有晃动时,应该选择数据最小的时候进行读取。在读数前一定将水准仪视野的水准气泡调平(两侧的线重合),否则造成的误差会很大。
(2)当用经纬仪测量角度时,如果目标较小,最好使单线与目标重合,如果目标有一定宽度,可以用双丝夹住目标。
(3)在测量时候一定要小心,因为稍微碰了一下仪器,就要重新调整对中水平,否则就会导致数据错误,也可能导致仪器的损坏。
(4)在读取数据时,每位成员都要细心,既要看得准,还要果断,不能犹豫不决,任何一个错误都有可能导致最终的成果的报废。
我很珍惜学校为我们安排测量实习,更深刻的体会了测量工作的艰辛以及实物与图纸之间那种密切的关系,真是没有蓝图什么也干不成。总之,虽然觉得累,还是要谢谢学校在为促进学生实践能力所安排的这段实习,我将永远珍惜这段经历,同时这段实习生活也是我一生中难忘的。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇二
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇三
1.1 通过实习,加深理解并巩固掌握测量学基本理论和基本方法;经一部培养学生的动手实践能力和提高学生使用测量仪器及工具的能力;掌握导线测量内外业工作和碎步测量内外业工作;掌握纵断面测量、纵断面图绘制和土方量计算方法;掌握施工放样的基本方法 。
1.2 培养独立工作能力和组织协调能力 。
1.3 培养遵守纪律、爱护公物、团结协作;热爱自然、热爱人民的优良作风 。
二、 实习任务 在中国矿业大学银川学院校园内施测工程ⅲ级平面控制网,高程控制为五等水准测量;进行线路断面测量及纵断面图绘制;进行土石方计算、进行施工放样练习 。
三、 实习要求与纪律 3.1 严肃作风,吃苦耐劳。、爱护测区自然环境,体现大学生应有的精神风范 。
3.2 工作紧张,有条不紊。实习小组内外团结协作,严格遵照技术要求作业,出现问题及时与指导教师联系解决 。
3.3 绝对保证人身、仪器、工具的安全,以使实习顺利进行,外出必须请假 。
3.4 指导教师适时指导实习小组的工作,及时处理实习中出现的技术问题和其他突发事件,督促学生遵守纪律,保证进度和质量,按时完成实习任务 。
3.5 测量学是实习期间学习的中心内容。认真轮换工种,按照要求作业,独立计算,不转抄成果 。
四、 实习内容 4.1 仪器检校 全站仪的演示。经纬仪五项检校,水准仪三项检校。学生只要求做检验工作 4.2 距离测量 导线边长利用钢尺丈量,目估定线,普通方法量距,结果可加入尺长改正和温度改正 。
4.3 纵断面测量及纵断面图绘制 参阅课本进行纵断面测量及纵断面图绘制 4.4 土方石计算 使用方格网法来进行土方石计算 4.5 施工放样 距离、水平角和高程的放样 心得体会 土木工程测量这门课,是需要理论与实际结合的。实习是大学生活的第二课堂,是检验真理的试金石。在课堂上,书本中抽象的叙述说明往往使我们一下难以很好掌握,但当我们面对着实物实际的操作后,我们将能非常迅速、牢固的掌握相关的知识点。更重要的,实习能使我们在能更加熟练、精准的操作基础上,更贴近实际运用的作业,及独立的完成所需的测量实际任务,这样也是大学生锻炼成长的有效途径。所以,深知实习重要性的我必须认真的把握好这难得的学习机会 。
现在回头看来,十多天的实习酸、甜、苦、辣俱全。在实习的第一天,由于对计算方法的不熟悉,我们的计算结果一直误差甚大,只能通过不断对照书本,与其他组的组员共同探讨查找问题,慢慢更正。由于计算公式比较复杂,加上反复的计算,使得大家头痛手酸。直到第二天,当我们的数据结果终于与放样后的实际结果相符,我们才感觉到苦尽甜来。每天的每天,我们都必须在酷暑下,扛着仪器携带着相关计算物品,在学校里紧张的忙碌 。
通过本项实习可以使我们掌握水准仪、经纬仪的使用技术,熟悉土木工程施工控制网的布网原则,掌握高程控制测量及平差方法,掌握导线网的测量程序和坐标推算方法,了解测绘大比例尺地形图的程序,为我们在实践中综合运用测量手段解决工程问题提供基本训练 。 从这十多天实习的日子中,我从中得到很多更宝贵的东西: 首先,通过实习,让我发现我在平时学习中存在的很多知识漏洞。课本上介绍仪器使用的知识都比较抽象,到了真正实践中的时候,我们未能很好把书本知识应用到实践中。在近距离的接触这些实物,能我更牢固的掌握相关的知识点;也能令我提高对仪器的操作的熟练、精准程度。其次,通过这次实习,有利于培养我做事严谨、认真、不畏艰难困苦的作风。不论是对中整平时的重复精确瞄准还是在放样计算时反复检验计算数据,以确保放样时的原数据正确,每个步骤都尽量做到脚踏实地、一丝不苟,使误差尽可能的减小,及时发现错误及时检查;不论外界的环境的恶劣,克服一下就算不了什么;正确面对困难,学会静下来耐心的思考分析问题,能够独立借助书本找出解决途径。做事要又负责的态度,若因为自己而造成了错误要主动承担并积极补救。最后,通过实习对培养我们团队协作精神有促进作用。它增进了同学们之间的交流和团结,互帮互补,分工合作,共同面对、解决困难,共同寻求如何更快更好地完成任务的方法,提高小组工作效率,确保进度的完成 。
每天早晨我们都扛着测量仪器外出测量的生活,为了保证测量的精确度和测量的时间进度,我们每个人都顶着太阳带上“家伙”去测量场开工,我们并不能很清闲,一张张原本的空白数据表等着我们去计算、校验。一次次的误差让我们心灰意冷,然后再打起精神继续奋斗。第一天的测量就是我有点小小的受挫,误差超出范围,没有办法,开始重新测量,最后直到误差在允许值内。在下午短暂的补充睡眠之后,当其他同学下午下课,准备享受丰盛晚餐之时,我们再次扛着仪器,在太阳下山之前再次出工测量。原本以为晚上的可以放松下来休息了,可事实并不是这样,我们还需对一整天的工作进行一番总结,并制定好第二天的工作计划,提高小组工作效率,确保进度的完成 。
这次测量仪器的使用和实地的测量实习工作的开展,让我们更直观接触到了土木工程测量这个学科,也为我们今后走上工作岗位后,更好更快地使用仪器、控制测量发放奠定了坚实的基础。也让我们明白了,土木工程专业的实际操作性强的特点,触发我们今后要更加努力学习专业知识,并要加强理论与实践相结合的方式方法,从本质上提高自己的专业水平。因此,实习在大学生活中是非常重要的。一个人的知识和能力只有在实践中才能发挥作用,才能得到丰富、完善和发展。大学生成长,就要勤于实践,将所学的理论知识与实践相结合一起,在实践中继续学习,不断总结,逐步完善,有所创新,并在实践中提高自己由知识、能力、智慧等因素融合成的综合素质和能力。以后我会珍惜每次的实习机会,多去挖掘课堂上无法获及的东西,为自己事业的成功打下良好的基础 。
同时在这场实习中让我再次认识到实习的团队精神的重要性:每个人的一个粗心,一个大意,都可能直接影响工程的进度,甚至是带来一生都无法弥补的损失。一次测量实习要完整的做完,单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成.这次测量实习培养了我们小组的分工协作的 能力,增进了同学之间的感情 。
我很珍惜学校给我的这次机会,在大学的几年中这样的机会不多,如果不好好把握每一次,等将来进入社会,早上工作岗位了,我们必定会后悔。平时看到的那一张张图纸,有时会觉得不懂,经过实习发下就你们简单,将实物和图纸联系在一起,学习起这个专业来就更简单,更上手了。总之,感谢老师,同学,我会好好记住这次难忘的经历,它永远是我这辈子最大的财富之一 。
通过本次实习,巩固了以前所学知识,掌握了水准仪、经纬仪的基本操作,从而积累了许多经验。但这十几天的实习也给了我们不少教训:由于某个数据的读错、记错及算错都给我们带来了不少麻烦,从而让我们知道了做任何事都要认真。还有一个组的团结也是至关重要的,他关系到整个组的进度。先前我们组由于配合不够默契,分工也不够合理,整体进度受到极大的影响,后来通过组内的交流,彻底解决了以上问题。实习进度有了很大的改观,进度和效果自然就提上来了。这告诉我们团结就是力量,我们以后工作的时候也是一样啊,只有团结才能把事办好 。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇四
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇五
教学实习是工程测量教学的重要组成部分,除验证课堂理论外,既是巩固和深化所学知识的环节,更是培养学生动手能力和训练严谨的科学态度以及工作作风的重要手段。测量实习是加强学生对测量仪器操作使用的必要过程。通过建筑物的测设,可增强学生测绘和测设地面点位的概念。提高起应用地形图的能力,为今后解决实际工程中遇到的有关测量问题打下基础。
1、联系水准仪的安置、整平、瞄准与读书和怎样测定地面两点间的高程;
2、掌握经纬仪对中,整平,瞄准与读书等基本操作要领;
3、掌握钢尺量距的一般方法;
4、练习用经纬仪配合小平板仪测绘地形图;
5、培养学生综合应用测量理论知识分析解决土建施工放样中一般问题的能力。
1、掌握水准仪、经纬仪等一些主要一起的性能和如何操作使用;
2、掌握数据的计算和处理方法;
3、掌握地形图测绘的基本方法;
4、掌握测设的基本方法。
1、控制点高程测量;2、导线长度测量;3、水平角度测量;4、闭合导线内业计算;5、测绘地形图;6、建筑物放样,道路中线测量和管线测量。
1、外业测量
(1)测量控制点高程;
(2)测量控制点间距离;
(3)测量闭合导线内角。
2、内业计算
(1)计算控制点间高差,推算各点间高程;
(2)计算个控制点间距离及相对误差;
(3)计算个内角闭合差及内角;
(4)根据以上计算数据推算个点坐标。
3、测绘地形
(1)将坐标范围内的控制点标定到图纸上;
(2)根据控制点周围的地物地貌测量某些点的高程,再标在图纸上。
水准仪
水准测量是利用水准仪提供的水平视线,借助于带有分划的水准尺,直接测定地面上两点间的高差,然后根据已知点高程和测得的高差,推算出未知点高程。设水准测量是由a向b进行的,则a点为后视点,a点尺上的读数a称为后视读数;b点为前视点,b点尺上的读数b称为前视读数。因此,高差等于后视读数减去前视读数。测得a、b两点间高差hab后,如果已知a点的高程ha,则b点的高程hb为
经纬仪
1、水平角:地面上任意两直线间的水平角度为通过该两条直线所作铅垂面间的两面角;
2、水平角观测必须具备的条件:⑴仪器必须有一个能水平放置的度盘,读盘上有顺时针方向的刻度(0—360。),读盘中心应该能够放在b点的铅垂线上;⑵仪器必须具备能够瞄准远方的望远镜;⑶望远镜既可在水平面内转动,也可在铅垂面内旋转,这样就可以瞄准高低不同的目标;
3、水平角观测原理:β=b—a,
水准仪 经纬仪 全站仪 水准尺 钢尺 皮尺 三脚架 纪录板
(1)水准仪架在两个控制点的中间,距离两点大致相等。在前后两点各立水准尺一把。(2)望远镜对准水准尺并推动,再将水准仪调平,调节三个脚螺旋,使得圆水准器旗袍居中,然后微调倾螺旋,从左边的窗口看到水准管的气泡闭合。(3)调水平微动螺旋,使得十子丝在水准尺上测得后视读数和前视读数并记录下来。(4)三脚架架腿抬高或降低,重新测量后视读数和前视读数并记录下来,测得高差不得超过5mm,否则重测。2下一页
2、角度测量的方法
(1)经纬仪架在控制点上,用脚螺旋进行对中,再伸缩架腿调节圆水准气泡居中,然后调节脚螺旋使得水准管气泡也居中。通过对中器观察是否对中,否则反复调平。
(2)望远镜调成盘左,对准左面的目标并制动,调节微倾和微动螺旋,使得十字丝瞄准目标,把配置度盘的按钮拔出,记下读数。顺时针转动照准部,对准右面的目标并制动,读出右面的读数,记录读数。
(3)望远镜调成盘右,对准右面的目标并制动,调节调节微倾和微动螺旋,是的十字丝瞄准目标,把配置度盘的按钮拔出,记下读数。逆时针转动照准部,对准左面的目标并制动,读出左边的读数,记录读数。
(4)两次测量角之差不能超过40秒,否则重测。
3、距离测量的方法
(1)用前面的方法将经纬仪对中整平,再进行定线。
(2)然后用钢尺沿着路线测出导线长度。
(3)往返各测一次,两次距离的相对误差不能超过三千分之一,否则重测。
1、距离往返测量相对误差不超过1/3000;2、水准仪高差测量中高差闭合差在容许值±12vn mm或±40l mm范围内;3、测内角时一测回中上、下半测回角值之差不得超过±40``。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇六
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇七
20xx年3月1日一大早,我们农水专业和水利水电专业五个班的同学在老师的带领下乘车前往怀柔区喇叭沟门进行为期8天的工程测量实习。
实习内容要求我们每组测绘200×200m,1:500比例尺地形图一幅,并在制定范围采集数据绘制等高线。
由于所测地区气候变化无常,有时是烈日当头,有时又是暴雨连天,在实习过程中,同学们都表现出较高的工作热情和协作精神,不畏酷暑,废寝忘食,密切配合,互帮互学,很认真地进行了测绘工作,并较好地完成了实习任务。
在野外实习过程中,许多同学的手被树枝划破,脸上晒起了皮,仍然坚持在第一线。在测图过程中,同学们认真复习课堂所学理论知识,积极联系实际,计算精确,成图合格。特别在实习报告的撰写过程中,他们善于总结经验,认真思考,基本达到实习要求。
第一天的实习生活是轻松的,大概是仅与斧头、铁钉、红油这些操作起来方便简单的工具打交道的缘故吧!就这样成功的完成了选择测控点的任务。
当我们拿着实习用品走向测量地点的时候,感受到的不是钢尺的娇贵,不是经纬仪的沉重,更不是即将面临的劳累与疲惫,而是那种对新生活的好奇与喜悦。
三位指导教师也认真负责,从编写实习计划到指导实习,他们不畏辛苦,勤恳工作,与学生打成一片,哪里有学生实习哪里就有他们的身影。对实习过程中出现的情况,他们和我们认真交流,认真研究,哪里有问题就在哪里解决,深得同学们的好评。
俗话说以十分的准备迎接三分的工作并非浪费,而以三分的准备迎接十分的工作将引发不可逆转的恶果。带着这份好奇与喜悦,我们也为自己的新生活做了准备:从防晒霜到遮阳帽,从大头针到绘图笔,无一不证明着我们已蓄势待发,迎接挑战。
通过实际的测量实习,让我学到了很多实实在在的东西,比如对实验仪器的操作更加熟练,学会了地形图的绘制和碎部的测量等课堂上无法做到的东西,很大程度上提高了动手和动脑的能力,同时也拓展了与同学的交际、合作的能力。一次测量实习要完整的做完,单单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成。
通过此次实习,我们也获得了很多经验教训。测控点和转点的选择很重要,它们的选择决定了测量的速度;实验仪器的整平对实验数据的误差有很大的影响;水准测量和水平角测量均需检查闭合差;绘制网格时要精确,尽量降低误差;小组成员的合作很重要,这一点从很大程度上影响实验进度。
为期八天的测量实习已经结束,回顾这些天的实习生活,虽然不得不接受黑色肤色的自己,不得不感受精疲力竭的真谛,可是我们在收获一种技能的同时,也收获了一段值得回味的经历。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇八
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇九
1、联系水准仪的安置、整平、瞄准,能够测量出任意两点的高差,掌握水准仪的操作使用及保养方法,熟悉水准路线的布设形式;
2、掌握经纬仪对中,整平,瞄准,掌握水平角与竖直角的测量,掌握经纬仪的操作使用及保养方法;
3、通过实习,熟练地掌握课堂理论知识和实践操作技能;
4、掌握钢尺量距的方法;
5、使用经纬仪和水准仪测绘地形图
6、熟练地掌握小区域平面控制和高程控制的布设及测算方法,掌握大比例尺地形图的测绘方法;
7、提高动手能力和分析问题、解决问题的综合能力,为今后参加工作打下坚实的基础;
8、培养热爱专业、热爱集体和艰苦奋斗的精神,逐步形成严谨务实、团结合作的工作作风和吃苦耐劳的劳动态度。
ds3型微倾式水准仪、dj6型光学经纬仪、水准尺、30m钢尺、标杆、绘图纸、铅笔、橡皮等。
1。 控制点高程测量
2。 竖直角度测量
3。 水平角度测量
4。 导线长度测量
5。 闭合导线业内测量
6。 数据的整理、计算
7。 地形图的测绘
图根平面控制测量一般采用闭合导线。
(1)踏勘选点:根据测图的目的目的和测区的地形情况,拟定导线的布置形式,实地选定导线点并设立标志。踏勘选点时注意:
l 相邻点间要通视,方便测角和量边;
l 点位要土质坚实的地方,以便于保存点的标志和安置仪器;
l 导线边长要大致相等,以使测角的精度均匀;
l 导线点应选择周围地势开阔的地点,以便于测图时充分发挥控制点的作用;
l 导线点的数量要足够,密度要均匀,以便于控制整个测区。
(2)水平角观测:导线转角用经纬仪测2个测回。
(3)边长测量:导线边长可用经纬仪视距法测量,要求进行往返测量。
(4)导线成果计算:首先件检核外业测量数据,在观测成果合格的情况下,进行闭合差调整,然后由起算数据推算个控制点的坐标。
(5)注意事项:照准目标要消除视差,观测水平角用纵丝照准目标,观测竖直角用横丝照准目标。
读取竖盘读数时,竖盘指标水准管气泡必须居中。
(1)外业测量
外业测量用ds3级水准仪按四等水准测量的要求进行。
(2)内业计算
在外业观测成果检核符合要求后,根据一个已知点的高程和观测高程进行闭合水准路线的成果平差计算,推算出各个水准点的高程。
(3)注意事项
读取中丝读数之前,必须使水准管气泡居中;水准尺要竖立。
(1)图纸的准备
首先用对角线法绘制方格网,然后展会控制点。展点后要做检查,用比例尺在图纸上量取相邻控制点之间的距离和实测距离相比较。
(2)碎步测量
碎步测量采用经纬仪配合量角器法,根据视距测量的原理,通过测量并计算出立尺点与测站点间的水平距离和高差,按极坐标法将个立尺点展绘在图纸上并注明高程。
a) 碎步点的选取原则:地物取其外形轮廓希线转
点,地貌取其地形线上的坡度变化点。碎步点间隔要求图上2—3cm间隔一个点,即最大间距为15m。
b) 测图时的最大间距:地物点应小于60m,地貌点应小于100m。
c) 地形测图时,应遵守《1:500、1:1000、1:20xx比例尺地形图图示》中的有关规定。
d) 注意事项:
l 测图时,仪器对中误差不应大于图上的0。05mmm(m为测图比例尺);
l 安置仪器时,以较远控制点定向,较近控制点进行检查;
l 每测十几个碎部点后,应做归零检查,用经纬仪重新瞄准定向点,检查水平读盘的读数是否为0。0000",其归零差不超过4;
l 在平坦地区,条件允许时可采用经纬仪“平读法”。“平读法”的步骤为:瞄准标尺à读水平度盘读数à读平距à读中丝读数và计算h。
1。距离往返测量相对误差不超过1/3000;
2。水准仪高差测量中高差闭合差在容许值±12n mm或±40l mm范围内;
3。测内角时一测回中上、下半测回角值之差不得超过±40``。
(1)。仪器误差(仪器本身所决定,属客观误差来源)。
(2)观测误差(由于人员的技术水平而造成,属于主观误差来源)。
(3)外界影响误差(受到如温度、大气折射等外界因素的影响而这些因素又时时处于变动中而难以控制,属于可变动误差来源)。
(1)在仪器选择上要选择精度较高的合适仪器。
(2)提高自身的测量水平,降低误差水平。
(3)通过各种处理数据的数学方法如:距离测量中的温度改正、尺长改正,多次测量取平均值等来减少误差。
工程测量实习是所有土木工程学生必须完成的一门课程,虽然在上工程测量课的时候做过一些测量,但是那些实验主要是针对测量的某一块而专门做的,我们总感觉缺乏一定的动手的能力,把理论知识与实际操作相结合的能力,因而我个人认为很有必要把这次实习做好,不仅仅是因为一门课,更重要的是它为我们以后工作提供了某些测量的经验。本次测量天气比较炎热,天气情况比较复杂。其中,中间穿插着考试,因而为期一周的测量我们可以利用的时间就很少了,所以本次测量我们总共测了四次,这次测量的主要任务是利用1:500的比例尺绘制地形图,地点我们选在2号教学实验楼。
通过本次实习,巩固、扩大和加深了我们从课堂上所学的理论知识,掌握了经纬仪的基本操作,并达到了一定的熟练程度,而且还有机会学会了地形图的绘制方法。除了从本次测量实习中获得了测量实际工作的初步经验和基本技能,还着重培养了我们的独立工作能力,培养我们在施测现场发现问题、解决问题的能力,而且进一步熟练了测量仪器的使用技能,提高了数据计算能力和对数据的敏感程度,并对测绘小区域大比例尺地形图的全过程有了一个全面和系统的认识。
测量实习是一个团队的工作。我们组有15名组员,每个人的工作任务和各自的长处是不一样的,我们配合起来才能发挥出较高的效力。我的主要任务是使用仪器测量水平距离。测量主要是完成控制点的选取,由于2号教学实验楼各处地形不一样,考虑到控制点应选在相互透视良好,地势平坦,分布均匀,便已保存和测角和量距,经过我们相互讨论最终确定了下来,我个人认为除个别控制点选的不够好外都很不错,毕竟2号教学实验楼树很多,而且有台阶,高差大,考虑到所有是不可能的,所以在测量过程中有些点不可避免的会有一些偏差。由于控制测量要求精度很高再加上对操作不了解,对仪器的不熟悉,还有彼此讨论某些方法等,控制点的测量花费了很长时间才完成,最后,终于完成了对控制点的测量。
由于平时我们锻炼的机会少之又少,所以我们很珍惜这一次的实习们这个组的每个组员都分别进行独立的观察,记录每一站,对经纬仪测量都是在现场进行计算,发现问题及时解决,没有对上一步的检核,绝不进行下一步的测量,做到步步有检核,回来后还要对内业进行准确计算,因为这样做不但可以防止误差的积累,及时发现错误,更可以提高测量的效率,避免测量的不准确还要进行重测。即使重测,我们怀着严谨的态度,错了就返工,决不马虎。直至符合测量要求为止。我们深知搞工程这一行,需要的就是细心、耐心、毅力和做事严谨的态度。只有这样,日后走上工作岗位才会得心应手,少走弯路。例如:进行测图时就要注意以下几点:
(1)标杆要立直,尽量避免晃动,有晃动时,应该选择数据最小的时候进行读取。在读数前一定将视野的气泡调平(两侧的线重合),否则造成的误差会很大。
(2)当用经纬仪测量角度时,如果目标较小,最好使单线与目标重合,如果目标有一定宽度,可以用双丝夹住目标。
(3)在测量时候一定要小心,因为稍微碰了一下仪器,就要重新调整对中水平,否则就会导致数据错误,也可能导致仪器的损坏。
(4)在读取数据时,每位成员都要细心,既要看得准,还要果断,不能犹豫不决,任何一个错误都有可能导致最终的成果的报废。
(5)选点非常重要,点一定要选在有代表性的地方,同时要注意并非点越多越好,相反选取的无用点过多不但会增加测量、计算和绘图的劳动量和多费时间,而且会因点多而杂乱产生较大的误差。
(6)要先将道路和主要建筑物确定下来,然后在添加其余次要方面,这样不但条理清楚,有利于作图的准确和随时进行实物和图形的对比从而检验测量数据的准确与否。我们还要对所测过得范围能够做到胸中有数,避免漏测、重测。
(7)团结就是力量,纪律才是保证经过每个组员的团结工作,当我们完成了测图的工作,并且看到我们画好的图纸时大家都兴奋不已。在我们组的同学交流测量中的经验时,大家感觉收获都很多,有的说仪器的展点很重要,因为这关系到误差的大小,有的说测量中点不能架设的太远,还有就是我们要有一颗爱护仪器的心,对所用的仪器要精心呵护,在学校如此,走上工作岗位后更要如此,这样可以避免一些不必要得麻烦等等吧。
想想大家每天背上仪器去测量,算出误差大的大家一起讨论和修改,有必要的就不厌其烦的进行重新测量,有了团结的力量我们还是干的很有劲的。我也从别人那里学到了以前不是太清楚的东西,比如数据的处理、碎部点的简化观测以及一些作图的疑问都在测量中得到了答案。
总之,通过这次测量实习,我个人的实践能力有了很大的提高,对课本的知识有了更进一步的理解,学到了很多实实在在的东西,另外团队合作也很重要,我相信这对我以后的的团队合作打下了一定的基础。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十一
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目录
1.前言………………………………………………3
2.实习目的…………………………………………3
3.实习要求…………………………………………3
4.实习仪器与工具…………………………………4
5.具体任务及过程…………………………………4
6.实习内容…………………………………………4
7.实习步骤…………………………………………4
①ds3水准仪和dj6经纬仪的使用方法………4
②水准测量………………………………………6
③导线测量………………………………………7
④碎步测量………………………………………9
⑤绘图……………………………………………10
8.实习数据…………………………………………11
9.误差分析及解决办法……………………………13
10.实习心得与体会…………………………………13
前言:
这次实习是对工程测量知识的实践化,实习的要求是让每个同学都对工程测量的实际操作能够达到基本程度的掌握。这次实习与以前的课堂实习相比,时间更集中、内容更加广泛、程序更加系统,完全从控制测量生产实际出发,加深对书本知识的理解、掌握与综合应用,是培养我们理论联系实际、独立工作能力、综合分析问题和解决问题的能力,组织管理能力等方面素质,也是一次具体的,生动的,全面的技术生产活动。
(一)实习目的:
1、巩固和深化学生对测量学课程的理解,熟悉并掌握地形测量内外业的技术设计、作业程序施测方法。
2、通过控制网的建立、地形点的测绘、手绘成图等,可以增强测绘地面点的概念,提高解决工程中实际测量问题的能力,为今后参加工作打下坚实的基础。
3、培养学生苦练基本功的良好风气,在测、记、算、绘等方面得到全面的训练,加强学生动手能力的锻炼和提高。
4、培养学生在地形测量工作的设计、组织、安排、总结等管理方面的意识和能力。
5、使每个学生具有严谨、细致、准确、快速的工作作风和科学态度。
6、认识地形测量的科学性、艰苦性、重要性、培养良好的专业品质和职业道德,增强个人工作的责任感和测绘工作所必须的团结协作精神。
7、培养学生在实践中灵活运用所学知识独立解决地形测量实际问题的能力。
(二)实习要求:
1、在野外测量实习时注意人身和仪器安全
2、当天任务必须当天完成,不能推到明天,保持实习进度
3、实习以班级的小组为单位进行,班长、组长应认真负责,组员之间应密切配合,保持团结
4、不许无故迟到早退、旷课,保证实习的时间
5、如遇到特殊情况或因天气原因,实习顺延或另行通知。
(三)实习仪器和工具:
水准仪,经纬仪,塔尺,三脚架,半圆仪,铅笔,橡皮,皮尺,画板,,直尺,50*50图纸,表格(水准测量手簿,闭合水准路线计算表,测回法水平角观测手簿,闭合导线平差计算表)。
(四)具体任务及过程
任务:测量长江工程职业技术学校内部以及校外的区域,完成小地区大比例地形图的绘制,并完成测量实习报告书。
过程:完成对测量区内四个控制点的控制测量,完成对测量区内各种地物的碎步测量,绘制小地区大比例地形图并完成测量实习报告书
(五)实习内容:
1、控制测量 ①导线测量(平面控制测量):通过测角和量距,求出各导线点的坐标;②水准测量(高程控制测量):根据已知水准点的高程,测量其他水准点的高程;
2、碎步测量(经纬仪测绘法):根据控制点,测定碎步点的平面位置和高程;
3、绘图:根据已知数据展绘成地形图。
(六)实习步骤:
1、水准仪和经纬仪的使用方法
水准仪的使用方法
(1) 安置仪器,熟悉水准仪基本构造、各部件名称和作用
1) 选择坚固、平坦、空阔的地方打开三角架,使三角架的三条腿近似等距,架设高度应该适中,架头应该大致水平,架腿制动螺旋应该固紧;
2) 打开仪器箱,双手取出水准仪,将仪器小心地安置到三角架顶面上,用一只手握住仪器,另一只手松开三脚架中心连接螺旋,将仪器固定在三脚架上;
3) 对照教材,观察仪器的各个部件的构造,熟悉各螺旋的名称和作用,试着旋拧各个螺旋以了解其功能。
(2) 学习水准仪粗略整平、瞄准水准尺、精平与读数的操作流程
1) 粗略整平: 粗略整平是借助圆水准器的气泡居中,使仪器竖轴大致铅直,从而视准轴粗略水平。
2) 瞄准水准尺
① 将望远镜对着明亮的背景,转动目镜螺旋,使十字丝清晰;
② 松开制动螺旋,转动望远镜,采用望远镜镜筒上面的照门和准星瞄准水准尺,然后拧紧制动螺旋;
③ 从望远镜中观察,转动物镜螺旋进行对光,使目标清晰,再转动微动螺旋,使竖丝对准水准尺;
④ 眼睛在目镜端上下微微移动,若十字丝与目标影响有相对移动,则应重新仔细地进行物镜对光,直到读数不变为止。
3) 精平:眼睛通过位于目镜左方的符合气泡观察窗看水准管气泡,右手转动微倾螺旋,使气泡两端的像吻合,即表示水准仪的视准轴已精确水平。
4) 读数:观察十字丝的中丝在水准尺上的分划位置,读取读数。
注意事项
(1) 立尺时应站在水准尺后面,双手扶尺,使尺身保持竖直;
(2) 前后视距可先由步数概量,使前、后视距大致相等;
(3) 读取读数前,应仔细对光以消除视差;
(4) 观测过程中不应进行粗平,若圆水准器气泡发生偏离,应整平仪器后重新观测;每次读数时都应进行精平;
(5) 测量完毕后,应立刻检核,一旦误差超限,应立即重测;经纬仪的使用方法
(1)架设仪器: 将经纬仪放置在架头上,使架头大致水平,旋紧连接螺旋。
(2)对中: 目的是使仪器中心与测站点位于同一铅垂线上。可以移动脚架、旋转脚螺旋使对中标志准确对准测站点的中心。
(3)整平: 目的是使仪器竖轴铅垂,水平度盘水平。根据水平角的定义,是两条方向线的夹角在水平面上的投影,所以水平度盘一定要水平。
粗平:伸缩脚架腿,使圆水准气泡居中。
检查并精确对中:检查对中标志是否偏离地面点。如果偏离了,旋松三角架上的连接螺旋,平移仪器基座使对中标志准确对准测站点的中心,拧紧连接螺旋。 精平:旋转脚螺旋,使管水准气泡居中。
(4)瞄准与读数:
① 目镜对光:目镜调焦使十字丝清晰。
② 瞄准和物镜对光:粗瞄目标,物镜调焦使目标清晰。精瞄目标。
③ 读数: 调整照明反光镜,使读数窗亮度适中,旋转读数显微镜的目镜使刻划线清晰,然后读数。
2、水准测量
(1)水准测量原理:
水准测量是利用水准仪提供的水平视线,借助于带有分划的水准尺,直接测定地面上两点间的高差,然后根据已知点高程和测得的高差,推算出未知点高程。
设水准测量的进行方向为从a至b,a称为后视点,a为后视读数;b称为前视点,b称为前视读数。如果已知a点的高程ha,则b点的高程为:
ha=hb+a-b
(2)水准测量的外业施测:
①水准点:用水准测量方法测定高程的点。
②当预测高程的水准点与已知水准点相距较远或高差太大时,两点之间安置一次仪器无法测出其高差。这时需要连续多次设站,进行复合水准测量。每测站高差之和即可得预测水准点到已知水准点的高差,从而可得其高程。
(3)水准测量的检核
①计算检核:闭合导线的高差和等于个转点之间高差之和,又等于后视读数之和减去前视读数之和,因此利用该式可进行计算正确性的检核。
∑ai-∑bi=∑hi
② 测站检核:对每一测站上的每一读数,进行检核,用变更仪器法进行检核。变更仪器法要求变更的高度应该大于10cm,两次高差之差不应超过规定的容许值,即6mm。
③ 闭合水准路线的成果检测:理论上各测段高差之和应等于零,实际上上不会,存在高差闭合差,其不应该大于容许值,若高差闭合差超出此范围,表明成果中有错误存在,则要重返工作。
(4)水准测量的内业计算:
检查水准测量手簿;填写已知和观测数据;计算高差闭合差及其限差;最终结果见实习数据。
3、导线测量
(1)导线测量概述:
导线从一组已知控制点出发,经过几个点,又回到起始点上,形成一闭合多边形,成为闭合导线。由于测量了多边形的各内角及边长,闭合导线也具有检核作用。 ①角度检核条件:多边形各内角的观测值之和与其理论值之差
fβ=∑βi-(n-2)×180 应满足限差要求,其中n为多边形角个数。 ②坐标增量检核条件:
fx=∑△xi
fy=∑△yi
上述理论值应为零,可实际上一般不等于零,但也应该满足限差要求。
(2)导线测量的外业工作:
导线测量的外业工作包括:踏勘选点及建立标志,测角,量边等。
1)踏勘选点及建立标志:
在选点前,应先收集测区已有地形图和已有高级控制点的成果资料,将控制点展绘在原有地形图上,然后在地形图上拟定导线布设方案,最后到野外踏勘,核对、修改、落实导线点的位置,并建立标志。
选点时应注意下列事项:
①相邻点间应相互通视良好,地势平坦,便于测角和量距。
②点位应选在土质坚实,便于安置仪器和保存标志的地方。
③导线点应选在视野开阔的地方,便于碎部测量
④导线边长应大致相等
⑤导线点应有足够的密度,分布均匀,便于控制整个测区。
2)测角:
导线转折角的测量采用测回法观测用dj6经纬仪测两测回,当盘左、盘右两半测回角值的较差不超过±40″时,取其平均值。
3)量边:点间距离已经给出,无需测量。
(3)导线测量内业计算:
导线测量内业计算的目的就是计算各导线点的平面坐标x、y。
计算之前,应先全面检查导线测量外业记录、数据是否齐全,有无记错算错,成果是否符合精度要求,起算数据是否准确。
1)准备工作
将校核过的外业观测数据及起算数据填入“闭合导线平差计算表”中,见实习数据。
2)角度闭合差的计算与调整
①计算角度闭合差 n边形闭合导线内角和的理论值为:
β= (n-2)×180 式中 n——导线边数或转折角数。
由于观测水平角不可避免地含有误差,致使实测的内角之和 不等于理论值 ,两者之差,称为角度闭合差,用fβ表示,即
fβ=∑βi-(n-2)×180
②计算角度闭合差的容许值 角度闭合差的大小反映了水平角观测的质量。各级导线角度闭合差的容许值fβp,其中图根导线角度闭合差的容许值fβp的计算公式为:fβp=±60〞√n
③计算水平角改正数 如角度闭合差不超过角度闭合差的容许值,则将角度闭合差反符号平均分配到各观测水平角中,也就是每个水平角加相同的改正数vβ,vβ的计算公式为:
vβi=-fβ/n
计算检核:水平角改正数之和应与角度闭合差大小相等符号相反,即
∑vβ=-fβ
3)推算各边的坐标方位角
根据起始边的已知坐标方位角及改正后的水平角,推算其它各导线边的坐标方位角。 见实习数据。
计算检核:最后推算出起始边坐标方位角,它应与原有的起始边已知坐标方位角
相等,否则应重新检查计算。
4)坐标增量的计算及其闭合差的调整
①计算坐标增量 根据已推算出的导线各边的坐标方位角和相应边的边长,计算各边的坐标增量。
②计算坐标增量闭合差 实际上由于导线边长测量误差和角度闭合差调整后的残余误差,使得实际计算所得的增量闭合差不等于零,从而产生纵坐标增量闭合差fx和横坐标增量闭合差fy,即
fx=∑△xi
fy=∑△yi
③计算导线全长闭合差fd和导线全长相对闭合差k
fd= √fx2+fy2
导线全长相对闭合差k
k=fd/∑di 图根导线的kp为1/2 000。
如果k>kp,说明成果不合格,此时应对导线的内业计算和外业工作进行检查,必要时须重测;如果k≤kp,说明测量成果符合精度要求,可以进行调整。
④调整坐标标增量闭合差 调整的原则是将fx 、fy反号,并按与边长成正比的原则,分配到各边对应的纵、横坐标增量中去。以vxi、vyi分别表示第i边的纵、横坐标增量改正数,即
vxi=-fx/∑di×di
vyi=-fy/∑di×di
⑤计算改正后的坐标增量 各边坐标增量计算值加上相应的改正数,即得各边的改正后的坐标增量
4、碎步测量:
(1)碎步点的选择
碎步点就是地物地貌的特征,对于地物,碎步点应选在地物轮廓线的方向变化处,连接这些特征点,便得到与实地相似的地物形状。对于地貌来说,碎步点应选在最能反应地貌特征的山脊线,山谷线等地性线上。
(2)经纬仪测绘法
观测时先将经纬仪安置在测站上,绘图板安置于测站旁,用经纬仪测定碎步点的
方向与已知方向间的夹角,测站点至碎步点的距离和碎步点的高程,然后根据这些数据和比例尺八碎步点的位置展绘在图纸上,并在点的右侧注明其高程,再对照实地描绘地形。
操作步骤如下:
1)安置仪器。安置仪器于测站点,测定竖盘指标差,量取仪器高i,填入手簿。
2)定向。找准一控制点,作为零方向,设置水平度盘读数为零。
3)立尺。立尺员依次将尺立在地物,地貌特征点上。
4)观测。转动照准部,瞄准点1点的标尺,读取水平度盘读数;又读上丝和下丝读数,计算式间距;再读中丝读数,竖盘读数。
5)记录。将所测读数依次填入手簿。
6)计算。按视距测量公式方法用计算器计算出碎步点的水平距离,高差和高程。
7)展绘碎步点。用细针将量角器的圆心插在测绘点,转动量角器,将量角器上等于β角值的刻画线对转起始方向线,此时量角器的零方向便是碎步点1所在的方向。然后按测得的水平距离依图比例尺再该方向上定出点1的位置,并在点的右侧注明其高程。
5、绘图(比例尺1:500)
(1)准备工作
用坐标网格尺绘制坐标网格,图幅大小50cm×50cm,网格边缘长误差不超过图上0.2mm,对角线误差不超过0.3mm,合格后标定网格坐标,并根据控制点坐标展绘各控制点,最后用比例尺量出各控制点距离,与实地水平距离的比较,之差不超过0.3mm。
(2)地形图测绘
主要使用经纬仪测绘法成图。
① 特征点的选取
特征点应选在:地物轮廓线的方向变换处及独立物的中心点,能反映地物特征的地性线上;且间距最大在图上不超过2cm,最大视距对1:500,主要地物为50m,次要地物为70m。
② 立尺员的随机应变:立尺员要根据周围情况的变换,在弄清碎部点的关系的同时并绘出草图,以协助绘图员绘好图。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十二
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十三
过去的两个星期中,在老师的带领下我们开始了对“工程测量”这门课程的实习。工程测量这门课,是需要理论与实际结合的。实习是大学生活的第二课堂,是检验真理的试金石。在课堂上,书本中抽象的叙述说明往往使我们一下难以很好掌握,但当我们面对着实物实际的操作后,我们将能非常迅速、牢固的掌握相关的知识点。更重要的,实习能使我们在能更加熟练、精准的操作基础上,更贴近实际运用的作业,及独立的完成所需的测量实际任务,这样也是大学生锻炼成长的有效途径。 所以,深知实习重要性的我必须认真的把握好这难得的学习机会。
现在回头看来,两周的实习酸、甜、苦、辣俱全。我们的第一项任务是选择控制点。在实习的第一天,由于对计算方法的不熟悉,我们的计算结果一直误差甚大,只能通过不断对照书本,与其他组的组员共同探讨查找问题,慢慢更正。由于计算公式比较复杂,加上反复的计算,使得大家头痛手酸。有些组员脸上也显出沮丧的情绪……直到第二天,当我们的数据结果终于与放样后的实际结果相符,我们才感觉到苦尽甜来。另外,我们的第二项任务是四等水准测量。当我们辛辛苦苦花了一天时间好不容易测完了学校一圈的数据,收工休息时,却被负责计算的组员告知闭合差不合要求,那就意味着我们一天的努力化作乌有……每天的每天,我们都必须在酷暑或雨水的陪伴下,扛着仪器携带着相关计算物品,在学校内外紧张忙碌 ,连午休时间都舍弃。我们的精神和精力都消耗了不少。
首先,通过实习,让我发现我在平时学习中存在的很多知识漏洞。课本上介绍仪器使用的知识都比较抽象,到了真正实践中的时候,我们未能很好把书本知识应用到实践中,还需要老师再次进行指导。在近距离的接触这些实物,能我更牢固的掌握相关的知识点;也能令我提高对仪器的操作的熟练、精准程度(比如能够迅速对中整平)。
其次,通过这次实习,有利于培养我做事严谨、认真、不畏艰难困苦的作风。不论是对中整平时的重复精确瞄准还是在放样计算时反复检验计算数据(以确保放样时的原数据正确),每个步骤都尽量做到脚踏实地、一丝不苟,使误差尽可能的减小,及时发现错误及时检查;不论外界的环境的恶劣,克服一下就算不了什么;正确面对困难,学会静下来耐心的思考分析问题,能够独立借助书本找出解决途径。做事要又负责的态度,若因为自己而造成了错误要主动承担并积极补救。
第三,通过实习对培养我们团队协作精神有促进作用。它增进了同学们之间的交流和团结,互帮互补,分工合作,共同面对、解决困难,共同寻求如何更快更好地完成任务的方法,提高小组工作效率,确保进度的完成。
再有,我发现我们实习经验还较欠缺,在发现问题时不知如何解决。比如在做四等水准测量时,记录数据中突然出现两个“红 k-黑”差值达100多,当时不知是怎么回事。之后明白是前后尺拿调换了。 这次测量仪器的使用和实地的测量实习工作的开展,让我们更直观接触到了土木工程测量这个学科,也为我们今后走上工作岗位后,更好更快地使用仪器、控制测量发放奠定了坚实的基础。也让我们明白了水利工程专业的实际操作性强的特点,触发我们今后要更加努力学习专业知识,并要加强理论与实践相结合的方式方法,从本质上提高自己的专业水平。因此,实习在大学生活中是非常重要的。一个人的知识和能力只有在实践中才能发挥作用,才能得到丰富、完善和发展。大学生成长,就要勤于实践,将所学的理论知识与实践相结合一起,在实践中继续学习,不断总结,逐步完善,有所创新,并在实践中提高自己由知识、能力、智慧等因素融合成的综合素质和能力。以后我会珍惜每次的实习机会,多去挖掘课堂上无法获及的东西,为自己事业的成功打下良好的基础。
为时两周的测量实习结束了,虽然开始时大家都感到好累,但看到我们的收获我们大家还是很高兴的。我觉得自己学到了很多的东西。对以前零零碎碎学的测量知识有了综合应用的机会。控制测量和地形图测绘过程的整体概念有了一个良好的了解,我学会了更熟练的使用水准仪、经纬仪等测量仪器与工具,并且全站仪有了一些基本的认识,对较好的掌握图根控制测量、地形图测绘的基本理论与方法,很好的巩固了理论教学知识,提高了实际操作的技能。原先老师在课堂上讲解的测量知识也都在实践中得到应用,并发挥了重要的作用,从而相互对照将我的测量知识和水平提高了不少,现在想来这场痛苦的实习是必要的.
同时在这场实习中让我再次认识到实习的团队精神的重要性:每个人的一个粗心,一个大意,都可能直接影响工程的进度,甚至是带来一生都无法弥补的损失。一次测量实习要完整的做完,单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成.这次测量实习培养了我们小组的分工协作的 能力,增进了同学之间的感情。虽然有时间我们会因为一一些实习中的自己的想法和大家吵的耳红面赤,但大家都想着这样把要完成的这次实习完成的更加完美。
1. 水准测量。学校水准路线,这个主要是为了给以后的做导线测量奠定基础.在检验所测数据的时候,做到发现错误立即解决对读数超线的时候立即返工,同时还发现第三测量工作一般都在规定的记录表格上如实地反映出测、算过程和结果,表格中有计算校核,∑a一∑b=∑h,这只说明计算无误,但不能反映测量成果的优劣。外业结束后,进行高差闭合差的计算,在限差允许的范围内,即按水准路线长度或测站数进行调整,若超过限差,必须重测。只到合格为止。
2. 角度测量。在角度测量对于我们专业科的学生来说要求非常高,用的是dj-2的仪器。这就要求
做事严谨的作风,对于每一个细节都不能马虎。在每一个间歇点上,检验如果超限则立即返工重测。在实习中为了避免大的误差我们也都总结了不少经验,例如我们采用盘左和盘右观测取平均数的方法,可消除照准部偏心误差、视准轴不垂直于横轴、横轴不垂直于竖轴的残余误差。但竖轴倾斜误差不能采用此法消除。竖直角观测时采用此法可消除指标差的影响。又如在短边上的端点观测角度时要特别注意对中,照准目标时要尽量瞄准目标的底部,因为它们对测角的影响与距离成正比。为了消除度盘的刻划误差,需要配置度盘的位置,每测回变换进行配置。在角度测量时我们遇到的主要问题是主要是仪器下沉和路边行人带来的影响。由于做导线的时候选点都较远,过往的车辆行人都是很大干扰,所以有时候必须在人少的时候抓紧时间干。角度测量过程中,让我们都看到了严谨作风在干活中的重要性,经过角度测量后我们更好的团结到一块。
最后经过每个组员的和谐工作我们也完成了图的工作,看到我们花好的图大家也都兴奋不已。测量也算接近尾声了,感觉收获真的不少,当然其中不乏老师的教诲和同学的帮助.今天还于我们组的同学交流测量中的经验大家感觉收获都很多,有的说仪器的展点很重要关系到误差的大小,对于架仪器及测量的速度可以说是一次飞跃,在我们面临各种问题的同时我们也学会了解决问题的方法工程测量实习报告汇集。对于以后踏入社会有了一个很好的的接轨。感谢学校给我们的这次机会,让我们能更好的迎合社会需求。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十四
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十五
为期14天的工程测量实习结束了。
这次实习的内容是对工程测量知识的实习化,实习的要求是让每个同学都对工程测量的实际操作能够达到基本掌握的程度,完成工程测量实习报告。大家都知道,土木工程测量作为专业的一项基本功,是我们学习土木专业的学生必须掌握的一项技能,为了提高我们学习土木专业学生的各种能力,能更好的把实践和理论联系起来。
在实习的天,由张娟老师给我们做了实习的动员。在动员会上,张老师强调了本次实习的重要性,并分析了北院校地理条件较复杂及建筑物密集等因素给本次实 习带来的困难。还讲解了仪器操作、搬迁中的注意事项,并要求在实习期间自行保管实习备品。本次实习中需要用 到的仪器主要有水准仪、水准尺、脚架、经伟仪、全站仪。到了下午,我们各组的人员便去仪器室去领取在这次测量实习中要用到的各种仪器,如,经纬仪、水准仪、标尺、花杆、脚架等等。更感谢学校老师为了我们更方便的测量,还为我们配备了先进的全站仪。其实我们大家都知道学测量不仅是获取书本上的理论知识,更是培养我们动手操作能力和对书本理论知识的深入理解总结,以及体会测量思想,从控制到碎部,从整体到局部,从高级到低级,步步检核等原则对工程测量的指导意义。当天下午我们就正式开始了室外的测量工作。但不幸的是我当天下午当我们刚吧仪器拿出来架好的时候准备开工的时候,老天给我们开了个玩笑,下雨了。于是,我们只能快速的把仪器收好,难后无奈的收工了。
第二天,我们组热情高涨,斗志昂扬。等到我们将所有仪器都搬到测控地点后,我们开始选择控制点,这次实习要测绘的地区是我们的红楼、艺术楼、三教、四教和这中间的绿化带平台再加红楼旁边的一个食堂。老师已经在地上给我们定了一个已知高程点,我们开始选择控制点,于是我们全员行动开始找控制点。我们都知道控制点的选择有要求,
(1)相邻导线点间要通视,对于钢尺量距离导线,相邻点间还要地势平坦,以便于量边长。
(2)导线点应选在土质坚硬、稳定的地方,以便于保存点的标志和安置仪器。
(3)导线点应选在地势较高,视野开阔的地方,以便于进行加密、扩展、寻找和碎步测量以及施工放样。找好点后我们就准备测量了,我们组长开始分配任务,两个负责扶尺,两个负责加仪器和观测,一个负责记录数据,剩下的他就机动,哪里缺人或者谁累了就去哪里,大家交替执行,分配好任务之后我们便开始干了起来,大家都斗志昂扬,毕竟这才是第二天啊,虽然以前也动过手,但毕竟还是缺少经验,在测量的过程中我们还是遇到了很多的问题,比如立尺时,标尺除需要直立外,还需要选择重要的地方,因此,选点就变德非常重要了,点一定要选在有代表性的地方,同时还要注意点不要选太多,选多了会增加测量计算和绘图的劳动量,还会因点过多而杂乱而产生较大的误差。全站仪的使用我们也都了解了,好在全站仪很多东西都直接给数据与经纬仪比起来实在是少了很多计算的东西,所以我们还是比用经纬仪的同学要幸福那么一点点。本打算用水准仪测完高程之后再用全站仪测距离和角度,可是突然的一场雨导致我们的计划完成泡汤。无奈我们只有收好仪器准备回去。
本以为第二天就可以用水准仪把高程全部测完的我们,第三天就可以把全站仪的所以数据搞定,然后第四天搞碎步,最后花一天画图,一切就都ok了。想法是美好的现实是残酷的,马上组长就告诉我们,我们的数据不对,算出来的误差太大。无奈我们只有一起讨论是那个点没测好还是哪里读错了,就这么商量着第三天的上午就快过了,最后我知道我们的一个楼梯哪里可能数据有问题。拿了仪器我们就去从新测量了一下果然一起正常了,误差也到达了允许的范围,商量了一下准备下午过来测量全站仪的数据。但下午下雨了我们只有放弃测量。
第四天,一开始我们就马上搞全站仪的测量,但纠结的我们一直没有把仪器调平,或许是真的对全站仪太不熟悉了,又要激光对准又要弹珠调平还有那个水条到中心。商量下我们还是再看了一遍全站仪的使用要求。
1、其中一点设站,架全站仪,另一点放棱镜;
2、点击数据采集,输入测站点(就是放仪器点)的坐标和仪器高,点击下一步;
3、输入定向点(就是不架仪器的一点)坐标,棱镜高输不输都行。
4、仪器瞄准棱镜,点击测量,看一下显示的坐标和输入点的坐标差别大不大, 不大的话定向完成。差别太大重复2、3步骤。
1、确定棱镜高,根据地形调节。
2、将棱镜高输入仪器,将棱镜树在待求点,点击测量,保存坐标。
3、继续测量,点击同前。
4、测图完成后,导出数据,用cass作图,就好了。
1、注意棱镜高和一起输入的棱镜高一致;
2、仪器断电需要重新定向;
3、对于看不到的点设置转站最多两站。
根据已知的两个坐标点给全站仪定向,然后输入要放的点的坐标, 全站仪会显示角度和距离,你转动全站仪,使显示角度接近零, 然后拿着棱镜沿镜头指向走显示的距离,用全站仪瞄镜子,点测量,看显示的角度和距离误差,不断调整。距离误差1-2mm,角度差+-(1-2)秒。
虽然我们很了解了理论但实践还是不太行,不过我们熟悉了很久才慢慢的熟悉了全站仪。调平后马上就开始测量,记录数据,因为对仪器的不熟悉我们测量速度很慢,不知不觉的就到了傍晚。终于勉强把数据完全不搞定。
再后面的几天里我们基本上全部在算数据和测量误差很多点,在全站仪测量的时候我们发生了一个很严重的问题,因为我们一直开始没注意在选点时候选多了点,所以我们消除了一些点,但在做全站仪的测量时我们发现有一片树和藤蔓挡住了我们全站仪的测量,无奈之下我们只有再在中间加了一个中转点。可能就是在这里我们数据有问题,所以我们想了很多办法,终于把这里的问题解决了,终于我们开始画图了,也开始画图了。因为上次的失误,我们这次特地把碎步测量的要求再仔细的回归一遍再一起讨论了大概的过程。
(1)碎步点的选择
碎步点就是地物地貌的特征,对于地物,碎步点应选在地物轮廓线的方向变化处,连接这些特征点,便得到与实地相似的地物形状。对于地貌来说,碎步点应选在最能反应地貌特征的山脊线,山谷线等地性线上。
(2)经纬仪测绘法
观测时先将经纬仪安置在测站上,绘图板安置于测站旁,用经纬仪测定碎步点的方向与已知方向间的夹角,测站点至碎步点的距离和碎步点的高程,然后根据这些数据和比例尺八碎步点的位置展绘在图纸上,并在点的右侧注明其高程,再对照实地描绘地形。
操作步骤如下:
1)安置仪器。安置仪器于测站点,测定竖盘指标差,量取仪器高i,填入手簿。
2)定向。找准一控制点,作为零方向,设置水平度盘读数为零。
3)立尺。立尺员依次将尺立在地物,地貌特征点上。
4)观测。转动照准部,瞄准点1点的标尺,读取水平度盘读数;又读上丝和下丝读数,计算式间距;再读中丝读数,竖盘读数。
5)记录。将所测读数依次填入手簿。
6)计算。按视距测量公式方法用计算器计算出碎步点的水平距离,高差和高程。
7)展绘碎步点。
架好画板后,准备开始测量的时候老师来指导我们了。看了一下我们画的线条说我们画的太多了只要10cm一个而且我们的线不直所以我们要重新再画,不过因为线条从1cm变成了10cm的长度所以并没多久我们就把线条画完了。
正式开始测量,我们一步开始测量红楼前面的平台,先把的每个草坪的边长测好然后我们测了三教、四教、艺术楼、红楼、食堂、道路、花坛。全部测完后就等画图组的人画图,一切都完成后我们的工程测量也就结束了。
本以为5天可以完成的测量结果我们用了14天,不能说是我们对测量不认真还是我对很多突发情况的不了解导致了我们用很多时间来解决这些突发事件还有自己对仪器的不熟悉也使我们的测量进度大大减慢了,不过本次实习也让我真正体会到测绘专业是一个团队的工种!我们组有七名组员,每个人都可以完全全部操作的,无论是水准仪的调平、测量、度数还是全站仪的调平、测量、度数等任何一个队员都可以轻松而且快速的完成。同时这次实习也拓展了我们与老师与同学的交际,合作的能力。因为以前人家说测绘专业特别需要团队合作精神。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十六
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十七
施工放线是指建设单位或者个人建设单位在建设工程场地平整完毕,规划要求应拆除原有建筑物(构筑物)全部拆除后,委托具有相应测绘资质的单位按《城市测量规范》(cjj8-99),使用黄海平面坐标和高程系统,依据《建设工程规划许可证》及附件、附图,进行的施工图定位。
是房屋建筑工程开工后的第一次放线,建筑物定位参加的人员是:城市规划部门(下属的测量队)及施工单位的测量人员(专业的),根据建筑规划定位图进行定位,最后在施工现场形成(至少)4个定位桩。放线工具为 全站仪 或 比较高级的经纬仪 。
建筑物定位桩设定后,由施工单位的专业测量人员、施工现场负责人及监理共同对基础工程进行放线及测量复核(监理人员建筑与 建筑与测绘工程系土木工程专业20xx年毕业实习报告 主要是旁站监督、验证),最后放出所有建筑物轴线的定位桩(根据建筑物大小也可轴线间隔放线),所有轴线定位桩是根据规划部门的定位桩(至少4个)及建筑物底层施工平面图进行放线的。放线工具为 经纬仪 。
基础定位放线完成后,由施工现场的测量员及施工员依据定位的轴线放出基础的边线,进行基础开挖。放线工具:经纬仪、龙门板、线绳、线坠子、钢卷尺等。小工程可能没有测量员,就是施工员放线。
注意:基础轴线定位桩在基础放线的同时须引到拟建建筑物周围的永久建筑物或固定物上,防止轴线定位桩破坏了,用来补救。
基础工程施工出正负零后,紧接着就是主体一层、二层...直至主体封顶的施工及放线工作,放线工具:经纬仪、线坠子、线绳、墨斗、钢卷尺等。根据轴线定位桩及外引的轴线基准线进行施工放线20xx年最新工程测量实习报告范文20xx年最新工程测量实习报告范文。用经纬仪将轴线打到建筑物上,在建筑物的施工层面上弹出轴线,再根据轴线放出柱子、墙体等边线等,每层如此,直至主体封顶。
截桩一般设计的桩长是指基础底至桩间的长度,在实际施工中,桩一般是在基础为开挖的时候施工的,为施工方便,肯定会使制作的桩比实际的长,但经过打入(或其他工艺)到设计深度后,基础底面以上的多余部分就必须截去,就叫截桩。截桩的方法首先将桩顶标高建筑与 建筑与测绘工程系土木工程专业20xx年毕业实习报告 采用水准仪标出,然后再采用空压机风镐沿设计桩顶标高以100mm处将桩身周围剔细,剥除灌注桩内的钢筋,留出足够锚入底板内的钢筋长度,其余的采用延期乙炔高温融化方法(或手提切割机)将钢筋切断。
引桩是恢复轴线位置的方法 由于在开挖基槽时,角桩和中心桩要被挖掉,为了便于在施工中,恢复各轴线位置,应把各轴线延长到基槽外安全地点,并做好标志。其方法有设置轴线控制桩, 轴线控制桩设置在基槽外,基础轴线的延长线上,作为开槽后,各施工阶段恢复轴线的依据。轴线控制桩一般设置在基槽外2~4m处,打下木桩,桩顶钉上小钉,准确标出轴线位置,并用混凝土包裹木桩。如附近有建筑物,亦可把轴线投测到建筑物上,用红漆作出标志,以代替轴线控制桩。恢复轴线位置的方法 由于在开挖基槽时,角桩和中心桩要被挖掉,为了便于在施工中,恢复各轴线位置,应把各轴线延长到基槽外安全地点,并做好标志。其方法有设置轴线控制桩和龙门板两种形式。
1)设置轴线控制桩 轴线控制桩设置在基槽外,基础轴线的延长线上,作为开槽后,各施工阶段恢复轴线的依据。轴线控制桩一般设置在基槽外2~4m处,打下木桩,桩顶钉上小钉,准确标出轴线位置,并用混凝土包裹木桩。如附近有建筑物,亦可把轴线投测到建筑物上,用红漆作出标志,以代替轴线控制桩。
2)设置龙门板 在小型民用建筑施工中,常将各轴线引测到基槽外的水平木板上。水平木板称为龙门板,固定龙门板的木桩称为龙门桩。
建筑与 建筑与测绘工程系土木工程专业20xx年毕业实习报告
(1)架设:将仪器架设到稳固的三脚架上,旋紧中心螺旋。
(2)粗平:看圆气泡(精度相对较低,一般为1分),分别旋转仪器的3个脚螺旋将仪器大致整平。
(3)精平:使仪器照准部上的管状水准器(或者称长气泡管)平行于住意一对脚螺旋,旋转两脚螺旋使气泡居中(最好采用左拇指法,即左右手同时转动两个脚螺旋,并且两拇指移动方向相向,左手大拇指方向与气泡管气泡移动方向相同。);然后,将照准部旋转90°,旋转另外一个脚螺旋使长气泡管气泡居中20xx年最新工程测量实习报告范文实习报告
(4)检验:将仪器照准部再旋转90°,若长气泡管气泡仍居中,表示已经整平;若有偏差,请重复步骤(3)。正常情况下重复1~2次就会好了。
轻型井点是人工降低地下水位的一种方法,它是沿基坑四周或一侧将直径较细的井管沉入深于基底的含水层内,井管上部与总管连接,通过总管利用抽水设备将地下水从井管内不断抽出,使原有地下水位降低到基底以下。井点布置:依据开挖尺寸,在距离基坑边缘约1.0m处,布置井点吸水管位置。高程布置:井点吸水管的滤水管必须埋设在透水层内,埋设深度可按下式计算:h1≥h2+h1+il1(m),h2:井点管埋置面至基坑底面的距距离h1:基坑底面至降低后的地下水位线的距离,一般取0.5~1.0m, i:水力坡度,环型井点降水一建筑与 建筑与测绘工程系土木工程专业20xx年毕业实习报告 般取1/10, l1:井点管距基坑中心的水平距离(m) 按照上式计算出来的h1值,一般情况不超过6m,井点管露出地面高度不超过0.3m,如果大于6m,则要降低井点系统顶面标高。
浇筑的一般要求
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十八
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇十九
1. 练习水准仪的安置、整平、瞄准,能够测量出任意两点的高差
2. 掌握经纬仪对中,整平,瞄准,掌握水平角与竖直角的测量
3. 掌握钢尺量距的方法
4. 使用经纬仪和水准仪测绘地形图
5. 提高动手能力和分析问题、解决问题的综合能力,为今后参加工作打下坚实的基础
6.培养热爱专业、热爱集体和艰苦奋斗的精神,逐步形成严谨务实、团结合作的工作作风和吃苦耐劳的劳动态度
此次实习的地点主要在实验楼、行政楼周围,地势平坦,天气良好,人、车流量较多。
20xx年9月21日高程测量
20xx年9月22日角度测量,距离测量
20xx年9月23日角度测量,距离测量,闭合导线内业计算
20xx年9月24日控制点展绘,碎部测量
20xx年9月25日碎部测量
9月21日我们小组进行了水准测量。水准测量即用测量仪器从已知点出发,沿着一定的水准路线通过观测、记录、计算等求的未知点的高程。
水准测量主要分三种:附和水准测量、闭合水准测量、支水准测量。测量的方法更具体的讲有:两次仪器高法、双面尺法。简在本次的测量是采用型号为ds3的水准仪,我们这测量小组测量的数据误差都是在3mm范围内,最后成功的测量出了该工程的数据。在摆设仪器和塔尺的时候我们使得前视距和后视距大致相等,这样可以减少仪器i角误差对测量结果的影响。
水准仪的使用包括:水准仪的安置、粗平、瞄准、精平、读数五个步骤。下面是使用的具体步骤:
1. 安置 安置是将仪器安装在可以伸缩的三脚架上并置于两观测点之间。首先打开三脚架并使高度适中,用目估法使架头大致水平并检查脚架是否牢固,然后打开仪器箱,用连接螺旋将水准仪器连接在三脚架上。
2. 粗平 粗平是使仪器的视线粗略水平,利用脚螺旋置园水准气泡居于园指标圈之中。具体方法用仪器练习。在整平过程中,气泡移动的方向与大姆指运动的方向一致。
3. 瞄准 瞄准是用望远镜准确地瞄准目标。首先是把望远镜对向远处明亮的背景,转动目镜调焦螺旋,使十字丝最清晰。再松开固定螺旋,旋转望远镜,使照门和准星的连接对准水准尺,拧紧固定螺旋。最后转动物镜对光螺旋,使水准尺的清晰地落在十字丝平面上,再转动微动螺旋,使水准尺的像靠于十字竖丝的一侧。
在测量时要注意消除视差,精确瞄准后,眼睛在目镜前上下移动,若发现十字丝横丝在水准尺上的位置也随之移动,这种现象称为视差。产生视差的主要原因是水准尺通过物镜所组成的影像与十字丝平面不重合。视差的存在将会影响读数的准确性,应予以消除。消除视差的方法是再仔细地进行物镜调焦、目镜调焦,直到眼睛上下移动时读数不变为止。
4. 精平 精平是使望远镜的视线精确水平。微倾水准仪,在水准管上部装有一组棱镜,可将水准管气泡两端,折射到镜管旁的符合水准观察窗内,若气泡居中时,气泡两端的象将符合成一抛物线型,说明视线水平。若气泡两端的象不相符合,说明视线不水平。这时可用右手转动微倾螺旋使气泡两端的象完全符合,仪器便可提供一条水平视线,以满足水准测量基本原理的要求。注意气泡左半部份的移动方向,总与右手大拇指的方向不一致。
5. 读数 用十字丝,截读水准尺上的读数。现在的水准仪多是倒象望远镜,读数时应由上而下进行。先估读毫米级读数,后报出全部读数。
在测量的数据中,通过已知点的高程我们可以计算得到任意测量点的高程。在施工的时候倘若是整平地基,这样可以知道要挖的土方量和挖的距离,使得简单易行的进行,对建设起到铺路的作用。
为了确定地面点的平面位置,一般需要观测水平角。所谓水平角,就是空间相交的两直线之间的夹角在水平面上的投影。水平角测量常用测回法和方向观测法两种。
β(水平角)=b(右目标读书)-a(左目标读书)
竖直角测量的目的就是为了确定地面点的高程。竖盘注记形式很多,常见的注记形式为全圆注记,注记的方向又分顺时针和逆时针两类。
a(竖直角)=目标视线的读书-水平视线的读数
经纬仪的使用步骤如下:
1.架设仪器:将经纬仪放置在架头上,使架头大致水平,旋紧连接螺旋。
2.对中:目的是使仪器中心与测站点位于同一铅垂线上。可以移动脚架、旋转脚螺旋使对中标志准确对准测站点的中心。
3.整平:目的是使仪器竖轴铅垂,水平度盘水平。根据水平角的定义,是两条方向线的夹角在水平面上的投影,所以水平度盘一定要水平。
粗平:伸缩脚架腿,使圆水准气泡居中。
检查并精确对中:检查对中标志是否偏离地面点。如果偏离了,旋松三角架上的连接螺旋,平移仪器基座使对中标志准确对准测站点的中心,拧紧连接螺旋。
精平:旋转脚螺旋,使管水准气泡居中。
4.瞄准与读数:① 目镜对光:目镜调焦使十字丝清晰。② 瞄准和物镜对光:粗瞄目标,物镜调焦使目标清晰。注意消除视差。精瞄目标。③ 读数:调整照明反光镜,使读数窗亮度适中,旋转读数显微镜的目镜使刻划线清晰,然后读数,读出水平角的读数,精确到秒(秒是6的倍数)。
钢尺量距是在工程测量及其他测量中常用的量距方法,优点是方便、快捷,易操作。
钢尺测量的特点:
1. 要对钢尺进行检定,得出在标准拉力、标准温度下应有的尺长方程式。
2. 在量距时操作严格用标准拉力,多次读数;用经纬仪定线,尺段端点用木桩标定;测量温度和尺段两端点高差。
3. 对量距的结果进行三项改正,测量时应考虑尺长改正、温度改正、倾斜改正的影响。
钢尺量距的步骤如下:
1.定线:使用经纬仪进行定线,这样确保两点间的距离和都在一条直线
2.量距:6人小组,2人拉尺,2人读数,2人指挥兼记录和读温度。每尺丈量三次,满足精度要求,取三次结果的平均值,作为该尺段的观测成果。
3.测量桩顶高度:用水准仪测出各桩顶的高程,以便进行倾斜改正。
4.尺段长度计算:每尺段需进行尺长改正、温度改正和倾斜改正,求出改正后的尺段长度。
5.计算全长:将改正后的各尺段和余长相加,分别得到往测、返测的全长,取其平均值为最终的观测成果。
精密量距中,每一尺段得斜距需进行三项改正:尺长改正、温度改正、倾斜改正。
(一) 仪器误差
①仪器校正不完善的误差②调焦误差③水准尺零点不等的误差
(二) 观测误差
主要包括有精平误差、调焦误差、估读误差和水准尺倾斜误差。
(三) 外界条件的影响
在观测过程中,不断变化着的大气温度、湿度、风力、可见度、大气折光等外界因素给测量带来的误差为有外界条件的影响产生的误差
1.水准测量:|fh|<|fh容|,符合要求
2.水平角测量:一是两个半测回的角度之差应小于40”,二是各测回角值之差小于24”
3.钢尺量距:相对误差k不大于1/3000 4.闭合导线测量:|fβ|<|fβ容|,导线相对闭合差|k|<|k容|,则成果合格
土木工程测量在土木行业占有一定的比例,不管是道路、桥梁还是房屋建设之前都需要测量、勘测以及实地考察,获得相关的数据通过处理和计算了才能是放样和施工,当遇到特殊的问题特殊的处理,并上报给相关单位签字,不管是施工承包方还是业主都关注待施工地的相关信息和数据。可见测量学就是土木行业的基础样的作用,与之后的施工有着密切的关系。
通过此次5天的测量实习,能够让我们亲身的在相应的工程当中将课堂的理论知识付诸实践,提高了我们对问题的处理和解决能力,熟练的掌握了水准仪、经纬仪的操作,采用适当的方法测量、记录、计算等步骤获得老师所要的数据。
实践的时间虽是简短而又辛苦,有些同学碰到了数据相差太大,只好抽取时间重测的难题,同样大家都克服和面对过来了,在实践的当中体会到了团队精神的重要性,像测量学的测量工作单独你一人是不能完成任务的。同理,在以后的工作上,我们也应当要学会合理的分工、合作,可以让我们在这次实践当中学到很多的经验和知识,很感谢学校感谢老师能给我们提供这样的机会,让我们能够在校期间就能体会以后工作的发展,对我们日后的工作也很大的帮助。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇二十
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇二十一
为期两周的土木工程测量实习匆匆而过,仿佛仍沉浸在实习的氛围之中,面对由在小组中共同测出的数据,喜悦之情难以言表。面对二期宏伟的`教学楼,再看看由自己亲生绘制的教学楼平面图,着实想在这里述说一下这十四天来自己的收获与体会。
课程内:
(1)平面控制测量:
在本次平面控制测量中,我们小组选取了6个控制点。通过此次测量我接触并学习使用了教科书中所介绍的全站仪,使用全站仪测量了方位角,对全站仪有了直观且深刻的认识。此外又将教科书中所讲的平面控制测量进行了一次身体力行的实践,对此内容有了认识上的升华。
(2)高程控制测量:
高程控制测量,我亲生操作并使用了水准仪,运用水准仪测量了二期教学楼所选6个控制点的高程。本次测量中,我组在测量的过程便对数据经行检验,保证了测量数据一定的准确性。经过本次测量,我在教科书的基础上进一步了解了水准仪的原理及运用。此外深刻理解了高程控制测量的重要性。
(3)碎步测量:
碎步测量中,我们小组齐心协力,在学会使用全站仪的情况下进一步熟练运用全站仪,并且密切配合绘图工作,在近200个碎步点的测量中做到了准确与高效。
(4)绘图:
绘图也是是检验数据准确与否重要方式。本次实习中,我们小组首先在现成测碎步点的时候绘制了草图,早草图中标明了个碎步点的位置,而后于校图书馆进行了图纸的绘制,保证了绘图的质量与准确性。此次绘图,我复习并进一步熟练了大一所学的土木工程绘图的基本知识与技能。
课程外:
(1)团队协作:
本次实习我组共9人,在整个实习工作量很大的情况下就涉及到了团队协作的问题。本次实习我们小组配合默契,分到各任务的同学不仅认真于自己的任务,还时刻关注整个团队的进程。从中学到了于团队中工作的一些知识与技巧。
(2)付出与收获:
实习中,由于各同学的水平与能力各有所长,为了实习工作能更好更快地完成,我们小组进行了能者多劳制,充分发挥各成员的优势与特长。当然也存在各同学工作量的差异问题,不过从中我所收获的便是工作的越多,从本次实习中得到的也越多。
两周的测量实习中,我们在遇到了不少的困难,也克服了不少的困难,但在共同的努力下还是顺利完成了任务。
(1)对实习的体会:
通过这次测量我发现土木工程测量是一项实践性很强的工作,也是一项务实求真的工作。为了确保计算的准确性,我们反复校对各个测点的数据是否正确。当然,我们也在测量中不可避免地犯下一些错误,比如读数时估读不够准确,水准尺放的不垂直,读数时间间隔过长,等等,都会引起一些误差。因此,我们在测量中内业计算和测量同时进行,做到齐头并进,这样就可以及时发现错误,及时纠正错误,也避免了很多不必要的麻烦,节省时间,提高工作效率,这也体现了务实求真的精神。不仅在这次实验中,在以后的工作和生活中,我们也应该做到这一点。
(2)对能力的体会:
这次的实习也是一次培养我们独立思考、工作能力的一次机会,在测量过程中,我们都要去想一想如何地去设点,怎样去测量,要测哪一些数据,如何才能够确保所测的数据有效性,然后一起讨论解决。我们都没有很丰富的经验,也没有测绘的天才,这就是要启发我们个人的主观能动性,发挥个人的聪明才智,自己给自己一次发挥的机会。
(3)对工作态度的体会:
本这次测量实习中,也由于一些个人的因素,对这次测量进度带来了不少麻烦,例如不认真,不专心把数据抄写错误,从而导致计算出现问题;还有计算错误也会给后来的测绘工作带来诸多不便,这些不应该出现的错误都是由于个人的不认真、不专心的态度所造成,在以后的工作中要端正工作态度,认真做好每一项工作,这是很有必要的。在工作中,我们要保持一种沉着冷静的状态,这样才能少一点犯错,以提高工作效率,这也是培养个人独立思考的条件,只要保持这种状态,相信很多问题都能解决。
(4)对团结合作的体会:
这次测量实习培养了我们同学之间的感情。测量不是一个人的测量,而是大家的测量,光靠一个人的力量和思维是远远不够的,以小组为单位的测量是才是真正意义上的测量。小组的团结合作让这次测量任务顺利的完成了,形成了一队队友好的伙伴。
(5)对画图与数据处理的体会:
从画图,对数据的分析及图形的完成,有很多的知识在脑中浮现,那些计算的公式运用就更加的明白了。从中那发现很多的问题,误差的计算,数据的处理,还有培养了我们的绘图能力。
(6)总结:
总的来说,理论结合实际是本次实习最大的收获。
为期两周的测量实习就这就结束了,我从中领悟了到:坐在教室里上课所学的知识对实践有很好的指导与促进作用,而实质当中学到的知识比坐在教室里上课要丰富并且牢固得多。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇二十二
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇二十三
为了巩固课堂教学知识,加深对控制测量学的基本理论的理解,能够用有关理论指导作业实践,做到理论与实践相统一,提高分析问题、解决问题的能力,从而对控制测量学的基本内容得到一次实际应用,使所学知识进一步巩固、深化。我们开展了工程测量实习,以下是我的实习报告。
通过实习,熟悉并掌握三、四等控制测量的作业程序及施测方法。掌握用测量平差理论处理控制测量成果的基本技能。通过完成控制测量实际任务的锻炼,提高独立从事测绘工作的计划、组织与管理能力,培养良好的咱也品质和职业道德。熟悉水准仪、经纬仪、全站仪的工作原理。
对于地物,碎步点应选在地物轮廓线的方向变化处,连接这些特征点,便得到与实地相似的地物形状。对于地貌来说,碎步点应选在最能反应地貌特征的山脊线,山谷线等地性线上。将经纬仪安置在测站上,绘图板安置于测站旁,用经纬仪测定碎步点的方向与已知方向间的夹角,测站点至碎步点的距离和碎步点的高程,然后根据这些数据和比例尺八碎步点的位置展绘在图纸上,并在点的右侧注明其高程,再对照实地描绘地形。在仪器选择上要选择精度较高的合适仪器。提高自身的测量水平,降低误差水平。
相比于以往的教学型实习,真正的实习显然能够更好的体会所学到的知识。事实也确实是如此,通过这次实习,我真正的体会到了理论联系实际的重要性。通过在学校期间在课堂上对测量学的学习,使我在脑海中形成了一个基本的、理论的测量学轮廓,而实习的目的,就是要将这些理论与实际工程联系起来,这就是工科的特点。测量学是研究地球的形状和大小以及地面点位的科学,从本质上讲,测量学主要完成的任务就是确定地面目标在三维空间的位置以及随时间的变化。
在信息社会里,测量学的作用日益重要,测量成果做为地球信息系统的基础,提供了最基本的空间位置信息。构建信息高速公路、基础地理信息系统及各种专题的和专业的地理信息系统,均迫切要求建立具有统一标准,可共享的测量数据库和测量成果信息系统。因此测量成为获取和更新基础地理信息最可靠,最准确的手段。
通过这次实习,锻炼了很多测绘的基本能力。熟悉了仪器的用途,熟练了仪器的各种使用方法,掌握了仪器的检验和校正方法。在对数据的检查和矫正的过程中,明白了各种测量误差的来源,了解了如何避免测量结果错误,最大限度的减少测量误差的方法,除了熟悉了仪器的使用和明白了误差的来源和减少措施,还应掌握一套科学的测量方法,在测量中要遵循一定的测量原则,这样做不但可以防止误差的积累,及时发现错误,更可以提高测量的效率。
通过工程实践,真正学到了很多实实在在的东西,比如对测量仪器的操作、整平更加熟练,学会了数字化地形图的绘制和碎部的测量等课堂上无法做到的东西,很大程度上提高了动手和动脑的能力,同时也拓展了与同学的交际、合作的能力。同时在这场实习中让我再次认识到实习的团队精神的重要性:每个人的一个粗心,一个大意,都可能直接影响工程的进度,甚至是带来一生都无法弥补的损失。
一次测量实习要完整的做完,单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成。这次测量实习培养了我们小组的分工协作的能力,增进了同学之间的感情。而这些,就是在测量之外所收获的了。
总的来说,这次实习让我体会到了外业的艰辛,内业的耐心,工作的细心,甚至还有了对测绘人员的敬畏之心。锻炼了实际的能力,让我在未来面对选择时更有信心和勇气。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇二十四
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工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇二十六
x月x号,我们正式开始了为期两周的“工程测量实习”,在此之前,我们在老师的带领下进行了一系列的准备工作。首先,说明了测量任务和测量的实际好处及重要性,我们跟随老师来到测区地点,依次看了学校的九个控制点,在老师的讲解中我们明白了测区是我们学院校区,虽然测区比较大,基本上是我们整个学校,测绘图也是我们整个学校的平面图。在这个已经步入冬天的时节,天气虽然不是很好,冷风刺骨,但我们还是安安心心的测量,抓紧时间实习,为了尽快完成任务,我们每一天都在加班的努力,尽管很累,很辛苦,可我们还是克服了种种困难,同时我们也在实习中感觉到了充实。
在此之前,我们在老师的带领下到工地上进行实地勘察,但那毕竟是理论的,实际操作对我们来说还是模糊的,所以,这次实习就是对我们整个学期以来本科目的一次大检验。我们把这次实习当做我们以后工作的一次磨练,把我们学到的知识与实际联系起来,从实践中发现自己的不足,弥补我们的缺陷。
测量是一项务实求真的工作,半点马虎都不行,我们在测量实习中务必持续数据的原始性,这也是很重要的。为了确保计算的正确性和有效性,我们得反复校核对各个测点的数据是否正确。我们在测量中不可避免的犯下一些错误,比如读数不够准确,气泡没居中等等,都会引起一些误差。因此,我们在测量中内业计算和测量同时进行,这样就能够及时发现错误,及时纠正,同时也避免了很多不必要的麻烦,节省了时间,也提高了工作效率。
测量也是一项精确的工作,透过测量学的学习和实习,在我的脑海中构成了一个基本的测量学的轮廓。测量学资料主要包括测定和测设两个部分,要完成的任务在宏观上是进行精密控制,从微观方面讲,测量学的任务为按照要求测绘各种比例尺地形图。为xx领域带给定位和定向服务,建立工程控制网,辅助设备安装,检测建筑物变形的任务以及工程竣工服务等。而这一任务是所有测量学的三个基本元素的测量实现的:角度测量、距离测量、高程测量。
在这次实习中,我们学到了测量的实际潜力,更有应对困难的忍耐力,同时也认识到小组团结的重要性以及测量的步骤。首先,是熟悉了水准仪、光学经纬仪、全站仪的用途,熟练了水准仪、全站仪的使用方法,掌握了仪器的检验和校正的方法。其次,在对数据的检查和校正的过程中,明白了各种测量误差的来源,其主要有三方面:仪器误差、外界影响误差(如温度、大气折射等)、观测误差。了解如何避免测量结果误差,限度的就是减少误差的出现,即要做到:
1、在仪器选取上要选取精度较高的适宜仪器。
2、提高自身的测量水平,降低误差。
3、透过各种处理数据的数学方法如:多次测量取平均数等来减少误差。
除此之外,还应掌握一套科学的测量方法,在测量中要遵循必须的测量原则,如“从整体带局部”、“先控制后碎步”、“由高级到低级”的工作原则,并做到步步有检核。这样做不但能够防止误差的积累,及时发现错误,更能够提高测量的效率。透过工程实践,学会了数字化地形图的绘制和碎步的测量等课堂上无法做到的东西,很大程度上提高了动手和动脑的潜力,同时也拓展了与同学的交际合作潜力。一次测量实习要完整的做完,单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成。
一周多以来,我们都坚守在自己的“阵地”,观测、记录、计算、描点……我们分工合作,力求更好地完成任务。在测量过程中,我们遇到了很多问题和疑难,如:
(1)立标尺时,标尺除立直外,还要选在重要的地方。因此,选点就十分重要,同时并菲点越多越好,相反选取的无用点过多不但会增加测量、计算和绘图的时间浪费,而且会因点多而产生较大的误差。
(2)在用水准仪和全站仪测量的过程中,气泡的居中也会产生误差,十字丝的对准的等。
(3)计算问题。计算务必两个人来完成,一个初步计算,一个校核。在此过程中,我们也遇到了类似的问题,但我们不断的重复检验中算出了正确的数据,尽量的减少了误差的出现。
这次实习,我们学到很多的东西。让我更好的掌握了测量的基本功和测量的一些要素,同时也促进了与同学间的交往,使我懂得了团结互助的重要性以及仪器使用的正确方法。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇二十七
20xx年12月2日我们开始了为期两周的“水利工程测量实习”,在此之前,我们在老师的带领下进行了一系列的准备工作。首先,说明了测量任务和测量的实际意义及重要性并布置了实训周的主要实习任务,之后我们跟随老师来到测区地点,依次看了学校的几个个控制点,在老师的讲解中我们知道了测区是我们学院校区,虽然测区比较大,基本上是我们整个学校。在这个冬季时节,虽然广州的天气并不算特别的寒冷,但是突然间让我们这群习惯了踩着点上的大学生来说,冒着冷风大清早在户外测量还算是一个不小的考验啊,不过我们并没有逃避,天气再寒冷,温度再怎么不如意,我们还是安安心心的测量,抓紧时间实习,为了尽快完成任务,我们每一天都在加班的努力,尽管很累,很辛苦,可我们还是克服了种种困难,同时我们也在实习中感觉到了充实,
在此之前,我们在老师的带领下进行了几种仪器的理论学习,虽然中间夹插了部分的实操练习,但那些练习都是比较局部的像今天开始的实训,这么系统的测量任务还是第一次,实际操作对我们来说还是模糊的,所以,这次实习就是对我们整个学期以来本科目的一次大检验。我们把这次实习当做我们以后工作的一次磨练,把我们学到的知识与实际联系起来,从实践中发现自己的不足,弥补我们的缺陷。
测量是一项务实求真的工作,半点马虎都不行,我们在测量实习中必须保持数据的原始性,这也是很重要的。为了确保计算的正确性和有效性,我们得反复校核对各个测点的数据是否正确。我们在测量中不可避免的犯下一些错误,比如读数不够准确,气泡没居中等等,都会引起一些误差。因此,我们在测量中内业计算和测量同时进行,这样就可以及时发现错误,及时纠正,同时也避免了很多不必要的麻烦,节省了时间,也提高了工作效率。
测量也是一项精确的工作,通过测量学的学习和实习,在我的脑海中形成了一个基本的测量学的轮廓。测量学内容主要包括测定和测设两个部分,要完成的任务在宏观上是进行精密控制,从微观方面讲,测量学的任务为按照要求测绘各种比例尺地形图;为哥哥领域提供定位和定向服务,建立工程控制网,辅助设备安装,检测建筑物变形的任务以及工程竣工服务等。而这一任务是所有测量学的三个基本元素的测量实现的:角度测量、距离测量、高程测量。
在这次实习中,我们学到了测量的实际能力,更有面对困难的忍耐力,同时也认识到小组团结的重要性以及测量的步骤。首先,是熟悉了水准仪、光学经纬仪的用途,熟练了四等水准、测回法等测量方法;其次,在对数据的检查和校正的过程中,明白了各种测量误差的来源,其主要有三方面:仪器误差、外界影响误差(如温度、大气折射等)、观测误差。了解如何避免测量结果误差,最大限度的就是减少误差的出现,即要做到:
1、在仪器选择上要选择精度较高的合适仪器。
2、提高自身的测量水平,降低误差。
3、通过各种处理数据的数学方法如:多次测量取平均数等来减少误差。
除此之外,还应掌握一套科学的测量方法,在测量中要遵循一定的测量原则,如“从整体带局部”、“先控制后碎步”、“由高级到低级”的工作原则,并做到步步有检核。这样做不但可以防止误差的积累,及时发现错误,更可以提高测量的效率。通过工程实践,学会了许多课堂上无法做到的东西,很大程度上提高了动手和动脑的能力,同时也拓展了与同学的交际合作能力。一次测量实习要完整的做完,单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成。
两周以来,我们都坚守在自己的“阵地”,观测、记录、计算、描点。我们分工合作,力求更好地完成任务。在测量过程中,我们遇到了很多问题和疑难:如
(1)立标尺时,标尺除立直外,还要选在重要的地方。因此,选点就非常重要,同时并菲点越多越好,相反选取的无用点过多不但会增加测量、计算和绘图的时间浪费,而且会因点多而产生较大的误差。
(2)在用水准仪和全站仪测量的过程中,气泡的居中也会产生误差,十字丝的对准的等。
(3)计算问题。计算必须两个人来完成,一个初步计算,一个校核。在此过程中,我们也遇到了类似的问题,但我们不断的重复检验中算出了正确的数据,尽量的减少了误差的出现。
这次实习,我们学到很多的东西。让我更好的掌握了测量的基本功和测量的一些要素,同时也促进了与同学间的交往,使我懂得了团结互助的重要性以及仪器使用的正确方法等很多知识。
工程测量实习日记 工程测量毕业论文篇二十八
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