答案

D

解析

关系代词有哪些?

主要的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which和that。

①who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语;

whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语;

whose在定语 从句中作定语，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物。

例如：The teacher who/whom you want to see has come.

②which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

例如：Here is the coat which will be made to you.

③that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

例如：I have eaten bread that/which he gave to me.

关系代词的基本用法：

(1)引导定语从句

关系代词代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：

The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。

(2)which为其先行词。

例如：He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。

(3)其他用法

关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略， 例如：

I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。

He's changed. He's not the man he was.他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。

注释：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，that在从句中作表语时也可省略。

非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作关系代词。

关系代词的特殊用法

1.常用that，不用which的情况:

①先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。

I will do all (that) I can to help you.

②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时。

He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.

③先行词既有人,又有物时

They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school.

④当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。

Who is the boy that was here just now?

2. 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时

介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which.

The pencil with which he was writing broke.

3. 当先行词为way时

其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导,也可不用引导词。

I don’t like the way (in which/that) he talks to me.

4.不用that的情况

在引导非限定性定语从句时，介词后不能用that。如：We depend on the land from which we get our food.

5.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a.在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b.在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c.先行词有the only, the very.(恰恰，正好).any. few. little. no. all 修饰时，只用that。

d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

e.先行词既有人，又有物时。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

6.不能用关系代词Which的几种情况

a.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.

There are few books that you can read in this book store.

b.当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that, 不用which.

He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.

c.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that, 而不用which.

Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.

d.当先行词有序数词修饰时，关系代词用that, 不用which.

The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.

e.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.

It is the only book that he bought himself.

f.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.

There is no clothes that fit you here.

g.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.

Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?

h.在强调句型" It is ... that ..." 中,只用that,不用which.

It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.

i.在" such (the same) ... as ..." 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.

We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature.

j.表示" 正如... 那样 "，" 正象..." 之意时，用as, 不用which.

Mary was late again, as had been expected.

k.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面或主句中间，而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。

As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.

7.关系代词可以省略的情况:

a.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。

Here is the man (who/that/whom)you're been looking for.

b.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。

She is all (that) a teacher should be.

c.在there be 结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现there be 时，用作主语的关系代词也可省略。

This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.

d.状语的省略

当先行词是reason，而且定语从句中作原因状语时，关系代词可用why,that可以省略。如：That is the reason (why) I did it.

当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略。

当先行词是time时，关系代词可用when,that 或省略。

I don't know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.

注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。

8.关系代词不能省略情况：

a.在介词+whom与介词+which中，whom,which不能省略。

That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.

b.在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。

The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.

c.在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中，as,that即使作宾语，也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought). (指同类用as)

This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that指同一个)

d.当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不可省略。

This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.

关系代词和关系副词的区别

关系代词有who，whom, that, which, whose,关系副词有where(地点),when(时间),why(原因).

总体来说,关系副词在定语从句中做状语,他们和关系代词主要的区别是where,when,why=介词+which

如：This is the house in which (where) I lived last year.