Agree
sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见
sth agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人
agree to sb 建议
agree on / upon sth 在某一点上取得一致意见
agree to do sth 同意干某事
All
all by oneself 独立,单独
above all 首先,特别是,最重要的是
after all 到底,毕竟
first of all 首先
in all 总共
most of all 最重要的是
all at once 突然,同时,马上
all of a sudden 突然地;出乎意料地
all right 好吧,行,不错
all sorts of 各种各样的
all kinds of 各种各样的
all the best 万事如意
all the more 更加
all the same 尽管如此,仍旧(照样)
all the year round 一年到头
AS
as…as… 与……一样
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a rule 通常
as a result 作为结果,因此
as a whole 总的来说
as if(as though) 好像
as follows 如下
as for 就……而言
as(so) long as 只要
as soon as 一……就
as soon as possible 尽快
as usual 像往常一样
as well 也,还
as well as 同……一样
might (may) as well 不妨
so as to 以便
At
at a time 一次,每次
at breakfast 早餐时,正在吃早饭
at first 最初
at home 在家在国内
at last 最后,终于
at least 至少
at (the) most 至多,不超过
at one time 以前,曾经
at once 立刻,马上
at night 在夜里,在晚上
at midnight 在半夜
at present 目前,现在
at times 有时候
at sea 在大海上,在航行
at one's own expense 自费
at the bottom 在底端
at the end (of) 最后,尽头
at the latest 最迟
at the mercy of 在……的支配下
at the head of 在……的前头
at the moment 此刻
at the same time 同时
at work 在工作
laugh at 嘲笑
throw at 向……扔去
work hard at 努力工作(学习)
By
by accident 偶然地
by air (sea, bus…) 乘飞机(乘船,乘公共汽车……)
by chance 碰巧,偶然地
by day (night) 在白天(夜晚)
day by day 一天天地
by and by 不久迟早
by far ...得多;最..;显然
learn (know)by heart 记熟,背诵
by mistake 错误地,由于疏忽所致
by oneself 独自地
one by one 一个一个地
by the way 顺便说(问)
by turns 轮流
side by side 肩并肩地
by the side of 在……附近
Break
break away from 摆脱(束缚), 从…脱离戒掉
break down (机器、车辆等)坏了,(身体)垮了,(会谈)破裂
break forth 迸发,突然(多用于发出欢呼,愤怒等)
break in 非法闯入,插嘴,打岔,
break into 破门而入,打断,占用= burst into
break in和break into 都有“强行闯入”的意思,
(如接宾语用break into,否则用break in)
break off 突然停止讲话,中断,打断,折断,解除(婚约)
break out(战争、火灾、疾病)爆发,突然发生
break through 突破,打破
break up 打碎,分解,结束,解散,(情感)崩溃,停课
Bring
bring about 引起,导致= result in;lead to;cause
bring down 使倒下,使下降,击落,推翻
bring forth 引起,使产生
bring in 收(庄稼),提出,(使)得到(收入),引入,增加,把……扯起来
bring on 使发生,引起
bring out 出版,说明;阐明,使…显露 / 出现
bring back 带回来,使…想起,使回忆起 = call up;remind sb of
bring off 使实现,做成
bring up sb 抚养某人
bring up sth 提出
bring up 呕吐
bring to an end 结束=come to an end
Call
call on sb 拜访,号召
call at(a place) 访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠
call for 需要
And there's a phone call for you, Mr. Bennett.
Bennett先生有你的电话。
call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事
call off 取消(计划,比赛)
call out (call out+to sb)大声地叫
call up sb 给……打电话,征召(入伍),叫……起床,使想起(往事)
call in 请进来
Carry
carry out 实行、执行
carry on 继续,进行,开展
carry away 拿走,入迷,被..……吸引
carry forward 推进,发扬(精神)
carry off 赢得,获得,成功的对付,不费劲的处理(大多数人认为难以应付的事)
carry through 顺利实现,完成计划
carry sb through 帮助……渡过难关
carry through(on / with sth)履行(承诺)
He has proved he can carry through on his promises
Catch
catch up on sth 补做(未做的事) ;赶做
catch on 抓牢,理解,流行
catch at 想抓住,渴望得到
be caught in the rain 被雨淋
catch up with 赶上,达到(某水平),追上(某人)
Clear
clear up (天气)转晴,痊愈 ,整理收拾
clear away 清除掉,去掉,消散
clear off 摆脱, 把……空出,散开
Come
come about 发生,造成
come across (偶然地)遇见,找到,想到,越过
come along 跟…..一道去,赶快,进行,进展
come down 下降,下落,传下来
come into power (office) 执政,就职
come into use投入使用
come into effect 开始生效
come out 出来,出版,发行
come into being 形成,产生,建立
come to 来到(某地),共计,来参加(活动),谈到,恢复知觉
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to an end 结束
come to nothing (no good) 没有结果(没有好处)
come up 走近;靠近,出现,(从土里)长出;发芽,被提及come up with 提出(建议、方法);相出
come to life 苏醒
come on 过来,得了吧,[表示鼓励、催促等]快,走吧;开始,发生;进步,进展
Cut
cut sth in half 把……砍成两半
cut away 砍掉,剪掉,削去,切除
cut through 走近路,穿过
cut down 砍倒,缩减,压缩(开支)
cut off 切断(电力、煤气、自来水),中止(电话,思维),隔绝,切掉
cut out 切除,删除
cut up 切碎,使伤心
cut in 插嘴,超车
Do
do a good deed 干得好,搞好工作
do away with 消灭,清除,取消,破除
do good 有好处,有用处,做好事
do harm to有害处,不利
do one a favour 帮个忙
do one good 对某人有好处
do one's best 尽力,竭力
do the deed 付诸行动,生效
do one's duty 履行职责
do up 收拾,整理,修理,打扮,包,捆,系
do with 处理,需要,想,将就用
do wonders 创造奇迹
do wrong (right) 做错(对)
have sth (nothing) to do with 和……有(无)关
Die
die from (因受伤、事故、严寒等身体外部原因)而死亡
die of(因情感、饥寒、生病、年老等内部原因)而死亡
die off 相继死去
die away 声音变弱,渐渐模糊,逐渐消失
die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火),逐渐暗淡
die out 熄灭,变弱,消失,(动物) 灭绝
be dying for sth=long for 渴望拥有
be dying to do 渴望去做
For
for a while 暂时,一时
for ever 永远
for free 免费
for the moment 暂时
be famous for 因……而著名
have a gift for 对……有天赋
make a plan for 为……作计划
stand for 代表,象征
in (one's) search for 寻找(求)
as for 关于,至于,就……方面说
care for 喜欢,想要,照料
change… for 用……换
fix a date for 约定……的日期
Give(v.)
give a talk 作报告,作演讲
give birth to 生,产生
give in to sb / sth 让步,屈服,妥协,投降,交上来
give off 散发出 (光、热、气温)
give one's life 献出自己的生命
give sb a hand 帮某人忙
give one's regards(greetings) to 向……问好
give out 散发,分发,耗尽
give up 放弃,献出,交出,投降,认输,泄气
give back 归还
give away 泄露,捐赠
Get
get about 到处走,消息的传开
get across 穿过,使….理解,领会
get away with 侥幸做成,逃脱惩罚
get accustomed to doing 习惯于
get down to(doing)sth 开始认真干某事
get / lay/ put your hands on sth 得到、获得某物
get along with sth 进展得
get along with sb 相处
get in 进去,进站,收获,上车
get off 离开,下车 ,脱下
get on 上车
get on with 与某人相处
get rid of 除去、摆脱
get out 离开、出去
get over 克服(困难),从病中恢复过来,不接from
get around =spread 传开
get through 完成,通过(考试),用完,从人群中通过,接通电话
get to 到达,抓住问题的要害,本质
get together 聚会,联欢
get in a word 策划 ,插话
get into trouble 陷入
Go
go after 追赶,追求
go ahead 进行,进展,干吧,说吧,先走
go into 从事于,调查
go beyond 超出
go in for 爱好,从事
go up 上升,建起,(物价)上涨
go by =pass 经过,过去
go down 下降
go into 进入
go off 消失,腐败,坏的
go out (火)熄灭,过时了,罢工
go over 复习,检查
go through 经历(苦难)通过(考试),花掉,仔细查看
go up 提高,上涨(价格)
go around 分配,传播,传开
go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事
go back to 追溯到……
go with 伴随,与……相协调
go well with 协调
go too far 太过分了,走太远了
Hold
hold up 阻碍,支持,支撑
hold back 阻止,隐瞒
hold off 延误,保持距离,使"疏远"
hold on 坚持下去,等一等(别挂电话)
hold out 坚持,维持,给予
hold to 坚持
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
In
in a flash 一刹那间
in a word 总之,简言之
in a hurry 匆忙地,很快地
in fact 事实上
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in a short while 不久,一会而后
in all 总共,总的来说
in any case 不管怎样
in battle 在战斗中
in case 如果,以防(有某种情况)
in chains 上着镣铐,在囚禁中
in charge of 主管,负责
in common 共同,共用
in danger 在危险中
in debt 负债,欠帐
in front 前方,正面对
in front of 在……前面
in full 全文地,全部地
in general 一般地说
in honour of 为了纪念……,为向……表示敬意
in modern time 现代,近代
in one's opinion 据(某人的)看法
in order to (that) 为了
in other words 换句话说
in peace 平静地,安宁地
in public 在公众面前,公开地
in search of 寻找
in (one's) search for 寻找,寻求
in return 作为报答
in silence 沉默地,无声地
in short(=in a word ) 总之
in space 在宇宙空间
in spite of 尽管
in that 因为,原因是
in that case 假如那样的话
in the air 在空中
in the charge 有……掌管
in the course of 在……过程中
in the day 在白天
in the day time 在白天
in the future 将来,以后
in the end 最后
in the meantime 与此同时
in the middle (of) 在……中间
in time 及时地
in turn 轮流
believe in 相信,信任
bring in 引进,引来,吸收
call in 召来,召集
hand in 上交,递交
hand in hand 并进,联合,手牵手
drop in 顺便走访
join in 参加,加入
once in a while 偶尔,间或
play a part in 在……起作用
stand in line 站在队里
succeed in (干……)成功
take part in参加
Keep
keep a promise 遵守诺言
keep a secret 守秘密
keep an eye on 留神照看
keep watch 注意,警惕,提防
keep back 扣下,隐瞒,忍住(眼泪)
keep body and soul together 维持生活
keep in mind 记住,想着
keep off 避开,不踩
keep one's balance 保持平衡
keep on doing 不停的干某事(强调动作的反复性,可能有停顿)
keep doing sth 不停的干某事(调动作的持续性)
keep out 遮挡,使不入内
keep silence 保持沉默(安静)
keep away from 远离,不靠近
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
keep up 保持,维持,继续(某活动)
keep up with 不落在后面,跟上
Knock
knock into sb 撞到某人身上;偶然遇到
knock sth down 降低价格,拆除,缩减开支
knock sb down 把某人撞倒
knock sb up 敲门把某人叫醒,使某人疲倦
knock at 敲(门)
Know
know about 了解,知道情况
know of 听说,知道为什么
be know for sth 以...出名
as known to all 众所周知
to the best of my knowledge 据我所知
Lay
lay aside 放在……一边,积蓄
lay down 放下,制定计划
lay emphasis on sth 强调
lay down one's life for 为……献出生命
lay out 布置;设计,安排;筹划
lay off 解雇
Leave
leave alone 不要管(某人),不要碰(某物) ,让…静一静
leave behind 遗留,把什么撇在后面
leave off (使)停止;中断
leave out 删掉,漏掉 ,省去,不考虑
leave over 剩下的,暂时不去解决的
Let
let alone 不要管,不碰,更不用说
let down 放下(窗帘),失望
let off 燃放鞭炮,放掉蒸汽,放过某人
let out 放掉气,发出响声,泄露
let in 允许进入,容许,许可
Look
look ahead 向前看,为未来打算
look after 照料
look at 看
look back 回顾
look in 顺便来访=drop in
look into sth 调查,了解某事,浏览(书报)
look on as= regard as把...看作...
look out 小心,当心,向外看
look around 到处看
look over 审阅,翻阅
look through 浏览,仔细地检查
look up (从词典中)找出,天气转变,仰视
look up to sb 尊敬某人
look down on sb 轻视某人
look down upon sb 轻视某人
look forward to doing 期待
Make
make clear 说明,弄(讲)清楚
make a decision 作出决定
make a promise 答应,允诺
make a plan for 为……作计划
make a record 录制唱片
make friends (with)(和…)交朋友
make faces 做鬼脸
make fun of 和 开玩笑
make a noise 吵闹
make it a rule 总是……
make one's way to(out of)向……走去(从……走出)
make up for 补偿
be made of 由……制成(看得出原料)
be made from 由……制成(看不出原料)
be made up of 由……组成
make the best of 充分利用
make up one's mind 决定,下决心
make tea 泡茶
make coffee 冲咖啡
make off 逃跑,匆匆离开
make use of 利用
make sense 讲得通,很有意义
make sure 确保,核实,弄清楚
be made in 在……地方制造
Pass
pass away 消磨(时间) ,(委婉语)去世
pass by 从某人身边经过,过去
pass off 消失,顺利地进行;完成
pass for 冒充,假扮
pass on 传下去
pass through 经历
the pass of time / the years (时间、岁月的)流逝
Pick
pick out 挑选,认出(某人),领会 ,看清楚
pick up 捡起来,接收信号,用车接某人,恢复健康 pick sb up=pick up sb
Pull
pull sth down 拆除,推掉
pull sb down 使扫兴,贬低某人
pull off 脱衣帽 , (成功地)实现……,
pull off a plan 实现计划
pull out 度过难关,恢复健康
pull throw 使从病中恢复过来
pull up 车子停下,拔起(树、草)
pull on 穿,戴
pull in 火车进站,靠岸
Put
put away 储存,存钱,收起来,把…放在原位
put aside 把放在……留出(时间),备用
put back 放在原处,推迟,延期
put down 镇压,写下来,记下
put forward 提出(建议),提前,把……向前拨
put in 提交,申请(+for) ,加进
put off 推迟,延期
put on 穿上,上演
put through 接通电话
put out 扑灭,关灯,生产,出版 ,伸出
put up 张贴,留某人过夜,建造 ,举起
put up with 忍受,容忍
put into production 把……投入生产
put into use 投入使用
put one's heart into 全心全意投入
put on weight 增加体重
Run
run across 穿过(轨道),偶然遇到
run after 追赶,追求
run away 逃走,失去控制
run into sb 撞到某人
run for 竞选
run out of 用完
run over 匆匆浏览
run through 穿过,匆匆看一下,做完
run a risk of =at the risk of 冒……险
run short of 缺乏
Send
send away 撵走,开除,解雇
send for 派某人去请,去叫某人
send off 发出,寄出
send sb off =see sb off 为某人送行
send out 发出,发射,派遣
send in 交上去,递送
send on 转交
send up 使……上升
Set
set about(doing)sth 着手做某事
set out(to do sth)出发,开始做某事,陈述
set apart 使分离;使显得突出;留出,拨出(时间、金钱等)
set force 阐述
set aside 把……放在一边,省出、留出(钱,时间),暂不考虑
set down 放下,写下
set off 出发,使爆炸,引起,激起
set up 建立,设置,安排,策划
set fire to 放火烧
set an example for 为某人树立榜样
Take
take away 拿走,离开
take apart 拆开,拆卸
take back 拿回来 ,使回忆起
take back one's words 收回(刚讲的话)
take A for B 把A误认为是B
take in sth 接收,接纳,领会,理解
take in sb 欺骗
take off 起飞,取消 ,脱掉,(迅速)成功
take on 呈现(面貌),承担
take on sb 雇用
take over 接管,接任
take up 占据(时间,地方),从事于 ,拿起,对……感兴趣,继续
take pride in =be proud of 引以为豪
take turn 轮流
take in turn 依次
take a chance 碰运气
take a lead 带头
take effect 生效
take charge of 负责
take one's leave 告辞
take (an active) part in(积极)参加
take one's place 坐某人的座位,代替某人的职务
take place 发生,举行
take possession of 占有,拥有
Turn
turn back 翻回到+to
turn around / round 转身
turn down 拒绝,音量调低
turn in 上交 ,呈交
turn off 关掉,转弯
turn on 打开
turn up 出现,到场,调高(音量,光亮,热度)
turn oneself in 自首
turn into 把……变成……;把……翻译成……
turn over 翻转,仔细考虑,打翻
turn out 结果是,制造出,生产出,关(煤气)
turn sth over sb 把……移交给某人
turn to 转向,求助于,翻到第几页
turn to sb for help 求助于
turn against 背叛
turn by one's 轮流,交替
in one's turn 轮到某人做某事
it is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
Wear
wear sb out 使某人精疲力尽
wear sth out 使某物被穿破 / 用旧
wear off 慢慢地消失掉,褪掉
wear away 磨损,(时间)消逝
wear on (时间)消逝
Work
work on 从事于,努力做
work out 算出(总数)
work at 从事于,致力于
work in with 配合
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考点短语解析
1. fill/ full
Ⅰ.fill为及物动词,表“使……满”,常与介词with搭配,表达“被……充满”时用be filled with结构。如:
① The bottle is filled with water. 这只瓶子装满了水。
② He was filled with joy at the news. 听到这个消息,他内心充满了喜悦。
Ⅱ.full是形容词,多作表语,表示主语所处的状态,常见于be full of 结构中。如:
① The schoolbag is full of books. 书包里装满了书。
② He drew in an old badsket full of sand.他捞上来一个灌满泥沙的旧蓝子。
[注]:be filled with = be full of .可以互换。但介词with与of 不能混淆。如:
The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people.
2. final/ last
Ⅰ.final表终止或结束之意,有时带有决定性或结论性等意味。如:
① Today is the final day of this term. 今天是本学期的最后一天。
② We shall know the final results of the elections tomorrow. 明天我们将知道选举的最后结果。
Ⅱ.last “最后的、末尾的”指按次序的前后或时间的先后居于最后,并意味着后面不再有了。如:
① My house stands in the last row.
② He was the last one to enter.
3. finally/ at last/ in the end
这三个都可以作“最后”讲,但用法不同。
Ⅰ.finally表动作的发生顺序是在“最后”,无感情色彩,只用于过去时,它居句首时较多。
Ⅱ.at last 表经过一定曲折之后某事才发生,强调努力的结果,带有较强的感情色彩,须用一般过去时。
Ⅲ.in the end 表事物发展的自然顺序的“终结”,有时或与 finally相互替换,但用于对将来的预测,则只能用in the end。如:
① Did the man in the shop understand him at last?
② Finally he went to see the famous man himself.
③ I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.
4. famous as / famous for
Ⅰ. (be) famous as “以(某种身份)……出名(著名)”as后跟人宾语往往与主语同位。如:
① She is famous as a poet. 他以一名诗人而著名。
② The town is famous as a car-making place. 该城镇以制造汽车而闻名。
Ⅱ. (be) famouse for “困……而闻名(驰名)”表示由于某种特征而出名,for后的宾语一般为主语人从属内容。如:
① China has been famous for its silk. 中国素以丝绸闻名。
② This city is famous for its big gambling resort. 该市因其大赌场而驰名。
5. fix/ mend/ repair
Ⅰ. 这三个词都可译为“修理”,但fix 一词在美语中应用更广泛。fix 和repair 一样,都表示使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性状或机能,如“修理、安装”钟表、收音机、照相机、电视机、汽车和机床等大型物体。repair 还可以用于修筑堤坝、道路和建筑等。如:fix/repair awatch/car/radio/road/bredge
Ⅱ mend 一般用于“修补”破损的东西使其恢复原样,一般指较小之物。如衣服、鞋袜、伞和桌椅等。如:mend shoes/a broken table
6. foolish/ silly / stupid
Ⅰ.foolish 的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,指显得缺乏判断力或普通常识的人或言行等。如:
① How foolish of you to condent!你竟会同意,多么愚蠢啊!
② Don’t be so foolish. 别那么傻。
③ He is a foolish man to throw away such a chance. 他放弃这样的机会真是个傻瓜。
Ⅱ.silly的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,表示愚蠢到了极点,以致令人发笑或轻视,它还常常表示没有意思、无聊等意义。如:
① How silly of you to do that! 你竟做那件事,多么愚蠢啊!
② That is a silly story. 那是一个无聊的故事。
Ⅲ.stupid的意思是“愚蠢的、笨的”,指智力差,觉察理解力、学习能力等差。它有时可与foolish或silly通用,但其意味最强。如:
① He is a stupid person. 他是个蠢人。
② How stupid of him to overlook such an obvious mistake. 如此明显的错误他居然都没有看出来,多么愚蠢呀!
7. for short/ short for
Ⅰ.for short意为“简称”、“缩写”,是介词词组,常用作状语,如:
① The teacher told Tom to write the text for short. 老师要汤姆缩写课文。
Ⅱ.short for意为“是。。。 。。。的缩写”与be 动词连用,构成系表结构作谓语,如:
① “There’re” is short for “there are”.
8. from now on/ from then on
from now on“从现在起”,是以现在为起点延续下去,谓语通常用将来时态。from then on“从那时起”,是以过去为起点延续下来,谓语通常用过去时态和完成时态。如:
① She is going to live with you from now on. 从现在起我将刻苦学习。
② From then on, he hasn’t seen his uncle again. 从那以后他再也没有看见他叔叔了。
9. game/ match/ race/ sport
Ⅰ. game 主要指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则,凡参加者均须遵守。如:
① After a game on the wports field they often become good friends. 他们在运动场上进行一场比赛之后,常常变成了好朋友。
[注]:说“比赛”, 在英国通常用match,在美国通常用game.另外game 的复数形式一般指大型的国际比赛或综合性体育运动会。如:the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会。
Ⅱ.match 表示相互间正式的体育比赛、球类比赛,英国人常用。
① They are going to have a volleyball match.他们将进行一场排球赛。
Ⅲ. race 主要用于赛跑、赛车等速度比赛。如:
① Who can win the relay race, Class 3 or Class 4?谁能赢这场接力赛,三班还是四班?
Ⅳ. sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,跳高,游泳,钓鱼,打猎,赛马和拳术等。如:
① Swimming is his favourite sport.游泳是他最喜欢的运动项目。
② Skating is one of the winter sports. 滑冰是一个冬季运动项目。
[注]复数形式sports可指运动会。如:
③ He created a new record in high-jump at our school sports.在我们学校的运动会上,他创造了跳高新纪录。
10. gift/ present
Ⅰ.gift“礼物”指较正式的礼物。如:
The watch was a gift from his father.
Ⅱ.present往往与gift通用,但不如gift正式。如:
① I’m buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely. 我买这东西是作礼物送人的,请你包扎得好一点。
② He gave me the book as a present. 他给我这本书作为礼物。
11 . grow / keep / raise / plant
Ⅰ. grow & plant 都可表示“种植”如种植草、树、苗、花卉粮食等植物。grow 着重指种植以后的栽培、管理过程。
plant 着重指“种植”这一行为。某人plant a tree 之后,树是死是活,不一定管,但某人grow a tree则包括培育管理,使其生长的过程。如:
① The students are planting trees on the hill. 学生们正在山坡上栽树。(不用grow)
② The farmer grows wheat in this field.那位农民在这块田里种植小麦。(不用plant)
③ People grow bananas in Hainan. 海南种植香蕉。(不用plant)
Ⅱ. keep 表“赡养”后可接表人或动物的名词,不用来代替plant 或grow. 如:
① He has a wife and three children to keep. 他要养活妻子和三个孩子。
② My grandma keeps pigs and hens. 我奶奶养猪养鸡。
③ My uncle has a large family to keep. 我叔叔要养活一大家人。
Ⅲ. raise 除表“饲养(动物)”以外,还可表示“教育(子女)”;“培育(植物)”。如:
① We raised a good crop of tomatoes this year.今年我们种的西红柿长得很好。
② My grandma raised a family of five. 我祖母养育了五口之家。
③ Where were you raised ? 你在哪儿长大?
④ He raised some flowers in the back garden. 他在后园里种了一些花。
[注]:raise 强调从小精心培养到大,通常指培养花卉以及较难管理的植物。如:
① Let’s grow / raise some flowers in the garden.咱们在园子里种些花吧。
① We grow rice, wheat and cotton in my hometown.在家乡,我们种植水稻、小麦和棉花。(不宜用raise)
12. glad/ happy/merry/ pleased
这组形容词都有:“高兴、快乐”之意。
Ⅰ.glad 多用在与人见面时的客套语中,指使人感到:情绪上有短暂的喜悦,常用作表语,一般情况下不作定语。如:
① I’m glad to help you with your English. 我很高兴帮你学英语。
Ⅱ.happy指使人感到内心的满足、幸福和愉快,祝贺新年或庆贺生日时常用到它,可用作表语和定语。如:
① Happy New Year! 新年好!
② I’ll be happy to meet him. 我将高兴地与他见面。
Ⅲ.pleased 意为:“对……感到满意/高兴”常与be连用,后面接介词with(sb), at(sth) 等引起的短语,或不定式;pleased 通常不作定语。如:
① He is pleased with his new job. 他对他的新工作很满意。
② She was very much pleased at the news. 她听到这个消息非常满意。
Ⅳ.merry 除“高兴”之外,还有耳目可以感到的“热闹”,一般只作定语。如:
Merry Christmas!祝
13. go / walk
Ⅰ. go 指朝着一定地点的方向运动。如:
① We go to school at seven in the morning.
② Please go downstairs to have lunch.
③ 此外,go的主语还可以是动物、交通工具和机械等。如:
My watch goes fast.我的表走快了。
The train goes to Beijing. 火车开往北京。
Ⅱ. walk 指朝着一定地点或无目的地“走”,常译为“步行、散步”如:
① He often walks after supper. 饭后他经常散步。
② They are walking along the river. 他们正沿着河岸走。
③ Let’s go out for a walk. 我們出去散步吧。
14. go on with sth/ go on doing sth/
go on to do sth
Ⅰ. go on doing sth,“(停顿以后)继续做某事”;“不停地做某事”即做原来在做的事情。如:
① Now let’s go on writing. 我们继续往下写。
② It’s raining, but the farmers went on working( = kept on working) in the fields. 天在下雨,然而农民們还在地里我停地干活。
Ⅱ. go on with sth 表示:“间断后做原来没有做完的事”后面跟名词,不能接动词-ing 形式。如:
① After a rest, they went on with the work. 休息以后,他们继续劳动。
Ⅲ. go on to do sth. 指“接着做另一件事”,即接下来做与原来不同人事情。如:
① That’s all for the text. Now let’s go on to learn the grammer. 课文就到这里,现在我们接着学语法。
② He went on to show us how to translate the sentence in a different way. 他接着教我们如何用另一种方法翻译这个句子。
15. go to bed/ go to sleep/ sleep/ be(fall) asleep
Ⅰ. go to bed 指“就寝”, 只表示“上床去睡”这一动作,无“睡着”之意。是终止性动词。它的对应词 是get up “起床”
Ⅱ.in bed 表示一种状态,在句中常作表语,意为“躺在床上,睡着”。其中in不能用on 替换。
Ⅲ. go to sleep 与get to sleep 意义相近,也是终止性动词。即:“入睡、睡着”,强调进入梦乡的过程。“开始睡觉”,即:being to sleep.如:
① I don’t know when I went to sleep / got sleep last night. 我不知道我昨晚什么时候睡着的。
Ⅳ. fall asleep意为“睡着”表示一个动作的过程,侧重于“自然而然地入睡”,有时也含有“不想入睡而入睡”之意;be asleep“熟睡”,强调睡眠的状态,该短语在句中作谓语。
Ⅴ. sleep 可动词和名词,表“睡着”“睡眠”,是可持续性的动词。
Ⅵ. asleep 是表语形容词,不能作定语 如:
① The children are all asleep. 孩子们都睡着了。
② Are you asleep? 你睡着了吗?
16. good/ fine/ nice/ well
Ⅰ. good 是含义最广的形容词,表“好的质量”,“好的品质”。等意思。如:
① Lucy is a good girl.
② These eggs are good ( 指鲜人品质)。
Ⅱ. fine 侧重于“质量的精细”, “身体健康”,还可以表示“天气晴朗”等。如:
① This is a fine house.
② How are you? I’m fine, thank you.
③ It’s a fine day for walk. 这是一个散步的好天气。
Ⅲ. nice 指从外表上的“好看、漂亮”。取悦于人的感觉。也可指“(对人)友好和蔼”如:
① It’s a nice watch, but it’s not a good/fine one. 这块表看上去不错,但却不是一块好表。
② It’s very nice of you. 你真太好了。
③ They are nice mooncakes. 这都是美味的月饼。
Ⅳ. well 是副词。表干/做得“好”,修饰动词。也可作表语,指身体好。如:
① Well done! 干得好!
② I’m well. 我好了。
17. grow/ increase
Ⅰ.作不及物动词,两者有相同的含意“增长”。如:
① The population of the world is growing/increasing faster and faster. 世界人口增长越来越来快。
Ⅱ.grow还有“生长,发育”的意思。如:
① The rice is growing fine. 水稻长势不错。
Ⅲ.作及物动词,用法各异。
grow种植,栽 如:
① Wheat is grown in north of China. 中国北方种植小麦。
increase增加、增长 如:
① They are working hard to increase production. 他们正在努力工作以增加产量。
Ⅳ.increase可作名词,意为“增加、增长”。如:
①We are trying our vest to slow down the population increase in China. 在中国我们正在尽全力降低人口数量的增长。
18. hand in/ turn in
Ⅰ. hand in “传递、交给”。指交作业等。如:
The teacher told them to hand in their exercise-books. 老师要他们交作业本。
Ⅱ. turn in “上交、交出”。指将某物归公。或交给上级或组织以便找到失主。一般也可与hand in 互换。如:
① You should turn in the money. 你应该把那钱上缴。
② You should turn in / hand in your finished homework.你们应该把完成的作业交上来。
19. hands up/ put up one's hand
Ⅰ. hands up 是一句祈使语气的口语,相当于Put up your arms over your head! “举起手来!”如:
① “Hands up, or I’ll shoot.” The policeman demanded the robber. “举起手来,不然我开枪了。”警察命令抢劫犯。
Ⅱ. put up one’s hand 意思与hands up 相同。但语气要弱得多。如:
① Who knows the answer? Hands up / Put up your hands, please. 谁知道这个答案?请举手。
② Put up your hands if you have any question.如有问题请举手。
20. happen/ take place/ occur
都有“发生”之意
Ⅰ. happen 是普通用语,应用广泛,指事情的发生有直接原因或带有偶然性。即:“(某人)发生了什么事——happen to sb”,或 “(某物)发生了什么情况——happen to sth”。其主语通常由 accident 或 类似it, what this , that , thing, something 等代词担任。还可表示“碰巧发生某事,——happen to do sth.”如:
① What has happened? 发生什么事了?–––
② What happened to you? 你发生什么事了?
③ It happened through your negligence. 这事的发生是由于你的疏忽。
④ He happened to be working. 他恰好正在工作。
⑤ I think it’s because I happened to like English. 我想这是因为我碰巧喜欢英语。
Ⅱ. take place 常指经过安排的事,无偶然之意。其主语常是表:“运动、活动、会议等”的名词。如:
① The Olympic Games take place every four years. 奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。
② The May 4th Movement took place in 1919. 五四运动发生于一九一九年。
③ Great changes have taken place in our country since liberation. 解放来,我国发生了巨大的变化。
Ⅲ. occur[`k:] 常与happen 通用。但,是较为正式的用语。指在一定的时间内发生一定的事情。
① When did the accident occur? 那事故是什么时候发生的?
② Don’t let the mistake occur again? 不要让这样的错误再次发生。